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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
銆婂偝鎾(xu茅)鍘熺悊銆嬭€冭│澶х侗
绗竴閮ㄥ垎 鑰冭│瑕佹眰
銆婂偝鎾(xu茅)鍘熺悊銆嬫槸涓湅鍦拌唱(zh矛)澶у(xu茅)锛堟婕級鏂拌仦鍌虫挱瀛�(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鍒濊│鐨勮€冭│绉戠洰?锛熻崥?br/>褰㈠紡鐐洪枆鍗风瓎瑭�锛岃€冭│鏅傞枔 3 灏忔檪锛屽嵎闈㈡垚绺� 150 鍒�銆�
鑰冭│椤屽瀷涓昏鏈夊悕瑭炶В閲�銆佸晱绛旈銆佽珫杩伴锛屾枃鏈垎鏋愬拰妗堜緥鍒嗘瀽绛�銆傝│椤屽姏姹傜悊璜栬伅(li谩n)绯诲
闅�锛岄珨鐝�(xi脿n)涓湅鐗硅壊鍜屾檪浠ｇ壒寰�锛岃姹傝€冪敓鐔熺反鍦版帉鎻″偝鎾(xu茅)鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨锛岄噸榛炶€冨療閬嬬敤鍌虫挱瀛�(xu茅)
鍘熺悊鍒嗘瀽鍟忛鍜岃В姹哄晱椤岀殑鑳藉姏銆�
绗簩閮ㄥ垎 鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1 鍌虫挱瑕佺礌鑸囬鍨�
鍌虫挱鐨勬蹇靛強鍏� 涓昏妲�(g貌u)鎴愯 绱�锛涘偝鎾亷 绋嬬殑绶氭€� 妯″瀷(Linear model) 銆� 浜掑嫊妯″瀷
(Interactional model)鍜屼氦浜掓ā鍨�(Transactional model)锛涗汉鍏�(n猫i)鍌虫挱銆佷汉闅涘偝鎾�銆佺兢楂斿偝
鎾�銆佺祫绻斿偝鎾�銆佸ぇ鐪惧偝鎾瓑鍌虫挱椤炲瀷鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)鐭ヨ瓨锛涘偝鎾亷绋嬩腑鐨勬矕绐佽垏褰遍熆鍔涳紱鑷垜瀵︾従(xi脿n)鐨�
闋�(y霉)鏈�锛涢珨鐝�(xi脿n)绀炬渻涓荤京鏍稿績鍍瑰€艰鍜屾檪浠ｇ壒寰佺殑鍌虫挱鍊悊銆�
2 瑾炶█鑸囬潪瑾炶█淇℃伅
瑾炶█绗﹁櫉鐨勬湰缇╁拰寮曠敵缇�锛涜獮瑷€鐨勮薄寰佹€с€佹娊璞℃€у拰涓嶇⒑瀹氭€�锛涜韩楂旇獮瑷€鐨勭壒寰�銆佷綔鐢ㄨ垏绠�
鐞�锛涙暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)淇℃伅鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ互鍙婂垎鏋愬拰琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)淇℃伅鐨勪富瑕佹柟娉曪紱浜掕伅(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)鎶€琛�(sh霉)姊濅欢涓嬭獮瑷€銆佽韩楂旇獮
瑷€銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)銆佸湒鐗囧拰瑕栭牷绛夊绋铏熺殑缍滃悎閬嬬敤锛屼汉宸ユ櫤鑳芥妧琛�(sh霉)灏嶄俊鎭偝鎾殑褰遍熆锛涘悕缇╁偩鍚�
( intensional orientation)鑸囧鍦ㄥ偩鍚戯紙extensional orientation 锛�锛屽寘瀹规€э紙inclusion锛�
鍌虫挱鑸囨帓鏂ユ€э紙exclusion锛夊偝鎾�锛涙帴鍙椾俊鎭殑蹇冪悊娲诲嫊鐗瑰緛锛屽奖闊挎厠(t脿i)搴﹁畩鍖栫殑涓昏鍥犵礌锛�
瑾炲灏嶅偝鎾晥鏋滅殑褰遍熆銆�
3 濯掍粙鑸囧収(n猫i)瀹�
濯掍粙銆佸収(n猫i)瀹广€佸獟浠嬬敘(ch菐n)鍝佽垏濯掍粙鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鐨勬蹇�锛屽叕鐩婃€ф枃鍖栦簨妤�(y猫)鑸囩稉(j墨ng)鐕熸€ф枃鍖栫敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紱鑸囦簰
鑱�(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)鍜屼俊鎭妧琛�(sh霉)鐩歌伅(li谩n)绯荤殑鏂板獟浠嬬殑鐗瑰緛鍜岀櫦(f膩)灞曡定鍕�锛屼簰鑱�(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)姊濅欢涓嬪悇绋獟浠嬮潰鑷ㄧ殑姗熼亣鑸囨寫
鎴�(zh脿n)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)灏嶇瓥鐣ワ紱濯掍粙鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑绔剁埈鍔涜垏鍏俊鍔�锛涗簰鑱�(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)鑳屾櫙涓嬪獟浠嬭垏鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽収(n猫i)瀹规彁渚�
鑰呯殑娆�(qu谩n)鐩婁繚闅滆垏鑷緥锛涗簰鑱�(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)鑳屾櫙涓嬪獟浠嬪鏂疯垏绔剁埈鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽獟浠嬪鏂锋浠朵笅鐨勬秷璨昏€呮瑠(qu谩n)鐩�
淇濊锛涙妧琛�(sh霉)閫叉銆佺ぞ鏈冨埗搴﹁垏濯掍粙鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
4 濯掍粙鑸囧ぇ鐪�
濯掍粙灏嶅ぇ鐪剧殑涓昏褰遍熆锛屽寘鎷絾涓嶉檺浜庡ぇ鐪剧ぞ鏈冪悊璜�锛岃绋嬭ō(sh猫)缃姛鑳界悊璜栵紝浣跨敤鑸囨豢瓒崇悊璜�锛�
鍩归(y菐ng)鐞嗚珫锛屾矇榛樿灪鏃嬬悊璜�锛岀煡璀橀椿婧濈悊璜栵紝鎰忚闋�(l菒ng)琚�锛岀涓変汉鍌虫挱鏁堟灉绛夌瓑锛涜タ鏂瑰偝鎾晥鏋�
鐮旂┒鐨勬紨璁婂強鍏跺暉绀�锛涘獟浠嬬礌椁�(y菐ng)鐨勬蹇�锛屼簰鑱�(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)鑳屾櫙涓嬫彁鍗囧ぇ鐪惧獟浠嬬礌椁�(y菐ng)鐨勬剰缇╁拰閫斿緫锛涘叏
鐞冨寲銆佷簰鑱�(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)鑳屾櫙涓嬬殑鍦嬪瑭辫獮娆�(qu谩n)锛屽浣曡瑳濂戒腑鍦嬬殑鏁呬簨銆�
5 濯掍粙鑸囨斂搴�
濯掍粙绲勭箶鐨勬蹇�銆侀鍒ュ強鍏剁壒寰侊紝鎶婇棞(gu膩n)浜虹悊璜�锛屽獟浠嬬祫绻旂殑鍏泭鎬ц垏璐忓埄鎬э紝浜掕伅(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)鍜屼俊鎭�
鎶€琛�(sh霉)灏嶅獟浠嬬祫绻斿舰鎱�(t脿i)鐨勫奖闊匡紱瑗挎柟闂�(gu膩n)浜庡偝鎾埗搴︾殑骞剧ó涓昏鐞嗚珫锛氭サ娆�(qu谩n)涓荤京銆佽嚜鐢变富缇┿€佺ぞ
鏈冭铂(z茅)浠荤悊璜栧拰姘戜富鍙冭垏鐞嗚珫锛涙柊涓湅鍌虫挱鍒跺害鐨勭悊璜栬垏瀵﹁笎锛氭剰璀樺舰鎱�(t脿i)闋�(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)娆�(qu谩n)鑸囦俊鎭渶姹傚
妯ｅ寲鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屾斂搴滄帶鍒惰垏濯掍粙鐛ㄧ珛鎬х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紝杓胯珫灏�(d菐o)鍚戣垏濯掍粙鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑闂�(gu膩n)绯荤瓑绛�锛涗簰鑱�(li谩n)缍�(w菐ng)
淇℃伅绠＄悊闈㈣嚚鐨勬寫鎴�(zh脿n)鍙婂叾灏嶇瓥锛涘爡鎸佸拰瀹屽杽涓湅鐗硅壊绀炬渻涓荤京鍌虫挱鍒跺害銆�
6 鍌虫挱瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫(xu茅)绉戠壒寰�
鍌虫挱瀛�(xu茅)褰㈡垚鐨勬鍙茶儗鏅垏瀛�(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)娣垫簮锛涙媺鎵庢柉鑿茬埦寰凤紙Paul Lazarsfeld锛�銆佹媺鏂煁鐖�(Harold D.
Lasswell)銆侀湇澶槶锛圕arl Hovland锛夊拰鏂芥媺濮�(Wilbur Schramm)绛変汉灏嶅偝鎾(xu茅)鐨勪富瑕佽并鐛�(xi脿n)锛�
鍌虫挱瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭稉(j墨ng)椹楀(xu茅)娲惧拰鎵瑰垽瀛�(xu茅)娲�锛涚稉(j墨ng)椹楀垎鏋愮殑涓昏鏂规硶锛涘缓瑷�(sh猫)鏈変腑鍦嬬壒鑹茬殑鍌虫挱瀛�(xu茅)銆�
绗笁閮ㄥ垎 涓昏鍙冭€冩枃鐛�(xi脿n)
1. 閮叾鍏�锛屽偝鎾(xu茅)鏁欑▼锛屼腑鍦嬩汉姘戝ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀� 2011
2. 绱勭憻澶�.A.寰风董鎵�锛屼汉闅涘偝鎾暀绋嬶紙绗崄浜岀増锛�锛屼腑鍦嬩汉姘戝ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀� 2011
3. 鏂潶鍒�.宸磋槶锛屼腹灏兼柉.鎴寸董鏂�锛屽ぇ鐪惧偝鎾悊璜栵細鍩虹(ch菙)銆佺埈槌磋垏鏈締锛堢浜旂増锛�锛屾竻鑿ぇ
瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀� 2014
4. 鍗佸叓澶т互渚嗛花鍜屽湅瀹堕棞(gu膩n)浜庢枃鍖栧缓瑷�(sh猫)鐨勮矾绶�銆佹柟閲濆拰鏀跨瓥
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛烇紝鑸囨湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂�(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
