銆€銆€A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

銆€銆€It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

銆€銆€All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.

銆€銆€How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “ American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government,“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”

銆€銆€11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War 鈪ecause_____.

銆€銆€[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal

銆€銆€[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before

銆€銆€[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors

銆€銆€[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

銆€銆€12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____.

銆€銆€[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

銆€銆€[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

銆€銆€[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

銆€銆€[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

銆€銆€13. What can be inferred from the passage?

銆€銆€[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.

銆€銆€[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.

銆€銆€[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.

銆€銆€[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development.

銆€銆€14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____.

銆€銆€[A]turning of the business cycle

銆€銆€[B]restructuring of industry

銆€銆€[C]improved business management

銆€銆€[D]success in education

銆€銆€鍚嶅斧瑙ｆ瀽

銆€銆€11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War 鈪ecause_____.

銆€銆€缇庡湅鍦ㄤ簩鎴�(zh脿n)鍚庡彇寰楀劒(y艒u)鍕㈠湴浣嶆槸鍥犵偤_____銆�

銆€銆€[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal.

銆€銆€瀹冪偤瑭茬洰妯欎粯鍑轰簡鑹卞法鐨勫姫鍔�銆�

銆€銆€[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before.

銆€銆€瀹冪殑鍦嬪収(n猫i)甯傚牬姣斾互鍓嶅ぇ鍏€嶃€�

銆€銆€[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors.

銆€銆€鎴�(zh脿n)鐖懅姣€浜嗗ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)娼涘湪绔剁埈灏嶆墜鐨勭稉(j墨ng)婵�銆�

銆€銆€[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy.

銆€銆€瀹冪劇鑸囧€瘮鐨勫嫗鍕曞姏瑕�(gu墨)妯＄郸浜嗙稉(j墨ng)婵熸帹鍕曞姏銆�

銆€銆€銆愮瓟妗堛€� C

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸銆� 浜嬪绱扮瘈(ji茅)椤�銆�

銆€銆€銆愬垎鏋愩€� 绗竴娈垫寚鍑�锛�“浜屾埌(zh脿n)鍚�锛岀編鍦嬪氨閫插叆浜嗛€欐ǎ鐨勪竴鍊嬭紳鐓岀殑姝峰彶鏅傛湡銆傚畠鎿佹湁姣斾换浣曠鐖€呭ぇ鍏€嶇殑甯傚牬锛岄€欎娇鍏跺伐妤�(y猫)缍�(j墨ng)婵熻(gu墨)妯″墠鎵€鏈湁銆傚畠鐨勭瀛稿鏄笘涓婃渶鍎�(y艒u)绉€鐨勶紝瀹冪殑宸ヤ汉鏄妧琛撴渶濂界殑銆傜編鍦嬪強鍏舵皯鐪剧殑瀵屽憾鏄偅浜涚稉(j墨ng)婵熼伃鍒版埌(zh脿n)鐖牬澹炵殑姝愭床浜哄拰浜炴床浜洪€ｅ仛澶篃涓嶆暍鎯崇殑”銆傚洜姝ゅ埄鐢ㄦ帓闄ゆ硶锛岀⒑瀹氱瓟妗堟槸[A]銆�

銆€銆€12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____.

銆€銆€涓婂€嬩笘绱€80骞翠唬缇庡湅鍎�(y艒u)鍕㈠湴浣嶇殑鍠け鍙互寰炵編鍦媉______浜嬪涓湅鍑轰締銆�

銆€銆€[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market

銆€銆€闆昏宸ユキ(y猫)宸茬稉(j墨ng)閫€鍒板湅鍏�(n猫i)甯傚牬

銆€銆€[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises

銆€銆€鍗婂皫楂旂敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)宸茬稉(j墨ng)琚鍦嬪叕鍙告帴绠�

銆€銆€[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions

銆€銆€姗熷簥妤�(y猫)宸茬稉(j墨ng)鑷彇婊呬骸

銆€銆€[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market

銆€銆€姹借粖宸ユキ(y猫)宸茬稉(j墨ng)鍠け浜嗛儴鍒嗗湅鍏�(n猫i)甯傚牬

銆€銆€銆愮瓟妗堛€� D

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸銆� 浜嬪绱扮瘈(ji茅)椤屻€�

銆€銆€銆愬垎鏋愩€� [A]閬搁爡閷锛屽洜鐐虹浜屾涓“鍒�1987骞�锛岀編鍦嬪彧鍓╀笅Zenith閫欎竴瀹堕浕瑕栫敓鐢�(ch菐n)鍟�銆�(鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄩ€欎竴瀹朵篃娌掓湁浜嗭細Zenith浜�7鏈堣闊撳湅LG闆诲櫒鍏徃鏀惰臣銆�)”瑾槑瀹冮€ｅ湅鍏�(n猫i)甯傚牬涔熶繚涓嶄綇浜嗐€俒B]閬搁爡閷锛屾枃涓浜屾鏈€鍚庝竴鍙ユ彁鍒帮紝“鍦ㄤ竴娈垫檪闁撳収(n猫i)锛屽崐灏庨珨鍒堕€犳キ(y猫)浼间箮瑕佹垚鐐轰笅涓€鍊嬪彈瀹宠€�”锛屽彲鏄簨瀵︿笂娌掓湁銆俒C]閬搁爡涓珖鍒扮殑姗熷簥妤�(y猫)宸茬稉(j墨ng)鑷彇婊呬骸鐨勮娉曢尟瑾�锛屽洜鐐烘枃涓彁鍒版搴婂埗閫犳キ(y猫)“宀屽矊鍙嵄”(on the ropes)锛屼絾鏄倓娌掓湁婊呬骸鍛�銆俒D]鏄悎閬╃殑锛屽洜鐐虹浜屾绗叚鍙ユ彁鍒�锛�“閫插彛杌婂拰绱＄箶鍝佹┇鎺冨湅鍏�(n猫i)甯傚牬”銆�

銆€銆€13. What can be inferred from the passage?

銆€銆€寰炴湰鏂囦腑鍙互鎺ㄦ柗鍑哄摢鍊嬮伕闋咃紵

銆€銆€[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.

銆€銆€鍦ㄨ嚜鎴戞嚪鐤戝拰鐩茬洰椹曞偛涔嬮枔鎼栨摵鏄汉鐨勬湰鎬�銆�

銆€銆€[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.

銆€銆€婵€鐑堢殑绔剁埈鏈冨皫鑷寸稉(j墨ng)婵熺殑鐧�(f膩)灞�銆�

銆€銆€[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.

銆€銆€缍�(j墨ng)婵熺殑寰╄槆渚濋潬鍦嬮殯鐨勫悎浣�銆�

銆€銆€[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.

銆€銆€涓€鍊嬮暦鏈熸垚鍔熺殑缍�(j墨ng)姝锋渻鐐洪€蹭竴姝ョ殑鐧�(f膩)灞曢嫪骞抽亾璺�銆�

銆€銆€銆愮瓟妗堛€� B

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸銆� 鎺ㄦ柗椤�銆�

銆€銆€銆愬垎鏋愩€� 绗笁娈垫彁鍒�锛�“鎵€鏈夐€欎竴鍒囧皫鑷翠簡淇″績鍗辨銆傜編鍦嬩汉涓嶅啀瑕栫箒姒偤鐞嗘墍鐣剁劧涔嬩簨銆備粬鍊戦枊濮嬫嚪鐤戣嚜宸辩殑鍟嗘キ(y猫)缍�(j墨ng)鐕熸柟寮忓嚭浜嗗晱椤�锛屼篃鎳风枒涓嶄箙浠栧€戠殑鏀跺叆灏辨渻涓嬮檷銆�20涓栫磤80骞翠唬涓湡灏嶇編鍦嬪伐妤�(y猫)琛伴€€鐨勫師鍥犱綔浜嗕竴娆″張涓€娆＄殑瑾�(di脿o)鏌�銆傞偅浜涙湁鏅傝伋浜鸿伣鑱炵殑绲�(ji茅)鏋滀腑鍏呮豢钁楀皪渚嗚嚜鍦嬪鐨勫姞鍔囩殑缍�(j墨ng)婵熺鐖殑璀﹀憡”銆傜鍥涙鎻愬埌浜�“90骞翠唬鐨勭稉(j墨ng)婵熷京铇�銆傚叾涓殑鍚京鏄細鍦ㄧ鐖殑澹撳姏涓嬶紝缇庡湅浜哄湪80骞翠唬鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑾�(di脿o)鏁�锛岀編鍦嬬殑宸ユキ(y猫)宸茬稉(j墨ng)鏀硅畩浜嗙祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾秷闄や簡婊劰锛屽鏈冧簡鎬ユ櫤锛屽洜姝ゅ付渚嗕簡90骞翠唬鐨勭稉(j墨ng)婵熷京铇�”銆傚洜姝ゅ彲浠ュ緱鍑烘縺鐑堢殑绔剁埈鏈冨皫鑷寸稉(j墨ng)婵熺殑鐧�(f膩)灞曘€傚彟澶栦笁鍊嬮伕闋呴兘涓嶅悎閬�銆�

銆€銆€14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____.

銆€銆€浣滆€呬技涔庣浉淇＄編鍦嬬稉(j墨ng)婵熷湪涓婂€嬩笘绱€90骞翠唬鐨勫京铇囧彲浠ユ绲�(ji茅)浜巁___銆�

銆€銆€[A]turning of the business cycle 缍�(j墨ng)婵熷懆鏈熺殑杞�(zhu菐n)鎶�

銆€銆€[B]restructuring of industry 琛屾キ(y猫)閲嶇祫

銆€銆€[C]improved business management 鏀瑰杽浜嗙殑宸ュ晢绠＄悊

銆€銆€[D]success in education 鏁欒偛鐨勬垚鍔�

銆€銆€銆愮瓟妗堛€� A

銆€銆€銆愯€冮粸銆� 浣滆€呰榛為銆�

銆€銆€銆愬垎鏋愩€� 鍦ㄧ鍥涙锛屼綔鑰呮寚鍑�锛�“1995骞�锛岀編鍦嬪彲浠ュ皪閬庡幓5骞寸殑绌�(w臎n)姝ョ櫦(f膩)灞曚綔涓€鍥為¨锛岃€屾棩鏈倓鍦ㄥギ鍔涙帣鎵庛€傚緢灏戞湁缇庡湅浜哄皣閫欎竴宸ㄨ畩鍠磾姝稿洜浜庣編鍏冭捕鍊兼垨鍟嗘キ(y猫)鍛ㄦ湡寰挵(hu谩n)閫欎簺椤€屾槗瑕嬬殑鍘熷洜銆傚浠婏紝灏嶈嚜韬殑鎳风枒宸茶鐩茬洰妯傝鎵€鍙栦唬”銆傞€欓噷浣滆€呭闅涗笂灏嶇暥鍓嶇編鍦嬩汉鐨勭洸鐩▊瑙€鎯呯窉閫茶浜嗘壒瑭�锛岃獚鐐�90骞翠唬鐨勫闀锋槸鐢辩編鍏冭捕鍊兼垨缍�(j墨ng)婵熷懆鏈熺殑杞�(zhu菐n)姗熺瓑鍥犵礌閫犳垚鐨勩€俒B]鏄�“Richard Cavanaugh”鐨勭湅娉�銆俒C]鏄�“Stephen Moore”鐨勭湅娉�銆俒D]閬搁爡鏂囦腑娌掓湁鎻愬強銆�

銆€銆€闆ｅ彞瑙ｆ瀽锛�

銆€銆€For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

銆€銆€銆愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽銆� 鏈彞鐨勪富鍙ユ槸锛�“it looked as though the making of semiconductors was going to be the next casualty”銆傛湁鍏╁€嬪畾瑾炲緸鍙�锛屽垎鍒ユ槸锛�“which America had invented”鍜�“which sat at the heart of the new computer age”銆�

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