浜旈倯澶у(xu茅)2021骞寸ⅸ澹(xu茅)浣�鐮旂┒鐢�鎷涚敓

銆婃暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽銆嬭€冭│澶х侗

涓€銆佽绋嬫€ц唱(zh矛)銆佺洰鐨勫拰浠诲嫏(w霉)

鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽鏄湰绉戞暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)瀛�(xu茅)绉戝悇灏堟キ(y猫)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)瑾茬▼锛岄€氶亷鏈绋嬬殑瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)锛屽煿椁�(y菐ng)瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷叿鍌欐瘮杓冩墡瀵�(sh铆)鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐞嗚珫銆佸毚(y谩n)璎�(j菒n)閭忚集鎬濈董鑳藉姏銆侀崨鐓夊(xu茅)鐢熺殑绌洪枔鎯宠薄鍔�銆佹帉鎻℃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐞嗚珫瑙ｆ焙鐩搁棞(gu膩n)瀵�(sh铆)闅涘晱椤岀殑鑳藉姏锛岀偤鏈€绲備娇瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷叿鏈夎純濂界殑鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)绱犺唱(zh矛)鎵撲笅鍫�(ji膩n)瀵�(sh铆)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)銆�

浜�銆佸熀鏈姹�

鎺屾彙瀵�(sh铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫畬鍌欐€х悊璜�銆佹サ闄愮悊璜栥€佸嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯€ｇ簩(x霉)鎬х悊璜�銆佸井绌嶅垎鐞嗚珫銆佺礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐞嗚珫銆傝兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ墍瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐞嗚珫鍒嗘瀽銆佽В姹哄(sh铆)闅涘晱椤�銆�

涓�銆佽€冭│鑼冨湇

   锛堜竴锛� 瀵�(sh铆)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囧嚱鏁�(sh霉)                                      

1. 瀵�(sh铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫垎椤炶垏涓昏鎬ц唱(zh矛), 绲曞皪(du矛)鍊艰垏涓嶇瓑寮�                                (A)

        涓嶈冻杩戜技鍜岄亷鍓╄繎浼煎強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�                                          (B)

     2. 鍗€(q奴)闁�銆侀劙鍩熴€佺⒑鐣岀殑姒傚康                                              (A)

        纰虹晫鍘熺悊                                                            (A)

     3. 鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)姒傚康銆佽〃绀烘硶                                              (A)

        鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫洓鍓囬亱(y霉n)绠�銆佸京(f霉)鍚�銆佸弽鍑芥暩(sh霉)                                        (B)

        鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫湒璞�                                                          (C)

        鍒濈瓑鍑芥暩(sh霉)                                                            (C)

     4. 鍥涢鍏锋湁鐗规畩鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)                                              (B)

   锛堜簩锛� 鏁�(sh霉)鍒楁サ闄�                                    

     1. 妤甸檺鎬濇兂                                                            (B)

        鏁�(sh霉)鍒楁サ闄愭蹇�                                                        (A)

     2. 鏀舵杺鏁�(sh霉)鍒楃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)                                                      (A)

        鏀舵杺鏁�(sh霉)鍒楃殑鍥涘墖閬�(y霉n)绠楁硶鍓�                                              (B)

        涓€浜涘父瑕嬬殑妤甸檺                                                      (A)

        瀛愬垪鍙婂叾鎬ц唱(zh矛)                                                        (A)

     3. 鍠(di脿o)鏈夌晫瀹氱悊銆佹煰瑗挎簴(zh菙n)鍓囧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�                                      (A)

  锛堜笁锛� 鍑芥暩(sh霉)妤甸檺                            

     1.鍚勭ó椤炲瀷鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)妤甸檺鐨勬蹇�                                             (A)

     2.鍑芥暩(sh霉)妤甸檺鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�                                               (A)

     3.姝哥祼(ji茅)鍘熺悊銆佹煰瑗挎簴(zh菙n)鍓囧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�                                           (A)

     4.鍏╁€�(g猫)閲嶈妤甸檺                                                         (A)

     5.鐒＄灏忚垏鐒＄澶х殑姒傚康銆佺浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯�                                       (B)

       鐒＄灏忕殑姣旇純                                                         (C)

       绛夊児(ji脿)鐒＄灏忓強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�                                                   (A)

       鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬几杩戠窔鍙婂叾姹傛硶                                                 (A)

   锛堝洓锛� 鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勯€ｇ簩(x霉)鎬�                                 

     1.閫ｇ簩(x霉)鐨勬蹇�                                                           (A)

       闁撴柗榛�(di菐n)鍙婂叾鍒嗛                                                       (B)

     2.閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫眬閮ㄦ€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾暣楂旀€ц唱(zh矛)                                         (A)

       鍙嶅嚱鏁�(sh霉)鑸囧京(f霉)鍚堝嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯€ｇ簩(x霉)鎬�                                             (A)

     3.鍒濈瓑鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勯€ｇ簩(x霉)鎬�                                                     (B)

   锛堜簲锛夊皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鍜屽井鍒�                               

     1.灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆佸咕浣曟剰缇�                                                 (A)

     2.姹傚皫(d菐o)娉曞墖                                                             (A)

     3.鍙冭畩閲忓嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬眰灏�(d菐o)娉曞墖                                                 (A)

     4.寰垎姒傚康銆佸井鍒嗙殑閬�(y霉n)绠楁硶鍓�                                             (A)

       寰垎鍦ㄨ繎浼艰▓(j矛)绠楃殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�                                                 (B)

     5.楂橀殠灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囬珮闅庡井鍒嗙殑姒傚康銆佹眰娉�                                       (A)

       Leibniz鍏紡                                                          (B)

       楂橀殠寰垎                                                             (B)

   锛堝叚锛�  寰垎涓€煎畾鐞嗗強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�                          

    1.缇呯埦瀹氱悊銆佹媺鏍兼湕鏃ュ畾鐞嗚垏鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫柈瑾�(di脿o)鎬�                                  (A)

    2.鏌タ涓€煎畾鐞�                                                          (A)

    3.娉板嫆鍏紡鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�                                                      (A)

      甯哥敤鐨勫咕鍊�(g猫)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勯Μ鍏嬪嫗鏋楀睍寮�                                          (A)

    4.娲涙瘮閬�(d谩)娉曞墖鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�                                                    (A)

    5.鍑芥暩(sh霉)妤靛€肩殑瀛樺湪鎬у強姹傛硶銆佹渶鍊煎強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�                                  (A)

    6.鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫嚫鎬у拰鎷愰粸(di菐n)                                                      (B)

    7.鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫湒褰㈣◣璜�                                                        (B)

  锛堜竷锛� 瀵�(sh铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫畬鍌欐€�                               

    1.鍗€(q奴)闁撳瀹氱悊銆佹煰瑗挎簴(zh菙n)鍓�銆佽仛榛�(di菐n)瀹氱悊銆佹湁闄愯钃嬪畾鐞�                          (A)

      瀹屽倷鎬у畾鐞嗙殑绛夊児(ji脿)鎬�                                                    (B)

    2.鍗€(q奴)闁撲笂閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勮瓑鏄�                                            (B)

   锛堝叓锛� 涓嶅畾绌嶅垎                                   

    1.鍘熷嚱鏁�(sh霉)鑸囦笉瀹氱⿳鍏殑姒傚康銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)                                          (A)

      鍩烘湰绌嶅垎鍏紡                                                          (A)

    2.鍒嗛儴绌嶅叕娉曡垏鎻涘厓绌嶅垎娉�                                                (A)

    3.鏈夌悊鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勪笉瀹氱⿳鍒�                                                    (A)

      绨″柈鐒＄悊鍑芥暩(sh霉)鑸囦笁瑙掑嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勪笉瀹氱⿳鍒�                                      (B)

   锛堜節锛� 瀹氱⿳鍒�                                  

    1. 瀹氱⿳鍒嗙殑瀹氱京                                                         (B)

    2. 鐗涢爴锛嶈悐甯冨凹鑼ㄥ叕寮�                                                   (A)

    3. 灏忓拰鑸囧ぇ鍜岀殑姒傚康                                                     (B)

       瀹氱⿳鍒嗗瓨鍦ㄧ殑姊濅欢                                                     (B)

       鍙⿳鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫垎椤�                                                       (A)

    4. 瀹氱⿳鍒嗙殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鑸囩⿳鍒嗕腑鍊煎畾鐞�                                           (A)

    5. 璁婇檺绌嶅垎鍙婂叾鎬ц唱(zh矛)                                                     (A)

       绗簩绌嶅垎涓€煎畾鐞�                                                     (C)

       瀹氱⿳鍒嗙殑鎻涘厓娉曡垏鍒嗛儴绌嶅垎娉曞強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�                                   (A)

       娉板嫆鍏紡鐨勭⿳鍒嗗瀷浣欓爡(xi脿ng)                                                 (B)

    6. 涓婂拰鑸囦笅鍜岀殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佺⿳鍒嗗瓨鍦ㄧ殑鍏呭垎蹇呰姊濅欢                             (B)

  锛堝崄锛� 瀹氱⿳鍒嗙殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�                                  

    1.姹傚钩闈㈠湒褰㈢殑闈㈢⿳                                              (A)

    2.姹傛埅闈㈤潰绌嶅凡鐭ョ殑绔嬮珨鍦栧舰鐨勯珨绌�銆佹棆杞�(zhu菐n)楂旂殑楂旂⿳                  (A)

    3.骞抽潰鏇茬窔鐨勫姬闀�                                                (A)

       鏇茬巼                                                         锛圕)

    4. 寰厓娉�銆佹眰鏃嬭綁(zhu菐n)鏇查潰鐨勯潰绌�                                      (A)

    5. 鍒╃敤瀹氱⿳鍒嗘眰娑查珨鐨勯潨澹撳姏銆佸紩鍔�銆佽畩鍔涘仛鍔�                      (A)

  锛堝崄锛夊弽甯哥⿳鍒�                                 

    1. 鍙嶅父绌嶅垎鍙婂叾鏀舵杺鎬х殑姒傚康                                       (B)

    2. 鐒＄绌嶅垎鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鏀舵杺鍒ゅ垾娉�                                   (A)

    3. 鐟曠⿳鍒嗙殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鏂傛暎鎬у垽鍒ユ硶                                   (A)

  锛堝崄浜岋級 鏁�(sh霉)闋�(xi脿ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)                                  

    1.鏁�(sh霉)闋�(xi脿ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉), 閮ㄥ垎鍜�, 鏀舵杺鑸囩櫦(f膩)鏁�, 浣欓爡(xi脿ng)绛夋蹇�                       (B)

      鏌タ鏀舵杺婧�(zh菙n)鍓�, 鏀舵杺绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)                                   (A)

    2. 姝ｉ爡(xi脿ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鍙婂叾鏀舵杺鍒ゅ垾娉�                                         (A)

    3. 涓€鑸爡(xi脿ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬敹鏂傚垽鍒ユ硶                                         (A)

  锛堝崄涓夛級 鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍒楄垏鍑芥暩(sh霉)闋�(xi脿ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)                              

    1.鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍒楄垏鍑芥暩(sh霉)闋�(xi脿ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�                                       (B)

      鏀舵杺鑸囦竴鑷存敹鏂傜殑姒傚康, 鍑芥暩(sh霉)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬敹鏂傚煙                         (A)

      鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍒楄垏鍑芥暩(sh霉)闋�(xi脿ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)涓€鑷存敹鏂傜殑鍒ゅ垾娉�                             (A)

    2.涓€鑷存敹鏂傚嚱鏁�(sh霉)鍒楀拰鍑芥暩(sh霉)闋�(xi脿ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)                               (A)

  锛堝崄鍥涳級鍐礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)                                        

    1.鍐礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬敹鏂傚崁(q奴)闁�, 鏀舵杺鍗婂緫                                             (B)

          鍐礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)                                                       (A)

    2.鍐礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬嘲鍕掑睍闁嬪拰楹ュ厠鍕炴灄灞曢枊寮�                               (A)

      鍩烘湰鍒濈瓑鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫啰绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)灞曢枊                                       (A)

    3.寰�(f霉)璁婇噺鐨勬寚鏁�(sh霉)鍑芥暩(sh霉), 姝愭媺鍏紡                                     (C)

  锛堝崄浜旓級 鍌呯珛钁夌礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)                                

    1. 涓夎绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉),鍌呯珛钁夌礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�                                      (C)

       浠�2p鐐哄懆鏈熺殑鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫倕绔嬭憠绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫睍闁嬪紡                          (A)

    2. 浠�2l鐐哄懆鏈熺殑鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫倕绔嬭憠绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)灞曢枊                              (A)

  锛堝崄鍏級 澶氬厓鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬サ闄愪簬閫ｇ簩(x霉)                          

    1. 澶氬厓鍑芥暩(sh霉)

       骞抽潰榛�(di菐n)闆嗙殑鐩搁棞(gu膩n)姒傚康                                                   (B)

       鏌タ婧�(zh菙n)鍓�, 鍗€(q奴)鍩熷瀹氱悊,鑱氶粸(di菐n)瀹氱悊                                        (B)

       澶氬厓鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�                                                       (B)

    2. 浜屽厓鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬サ闄�                                                       (A)

    3. 浜屽厓鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勯€ｇ簩(x霉)鎬у強鍏舵€ц唱(zh矛)                                             (A)

  锛堝崄涓冿級 澶氬厓鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫井鍒嗗(xu茅)                           

    1. 澶氬厓鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫亸灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鍜屽叏寰垎鐨勬蹇�, 鑱�(li谩n)绯�; 鍙井鐨勬浠�; 鍋忓皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢� (A)

       鍏ㄥ井鍒嗙殑骞句綍鎰忕京                                               (B)

    2. 澶氬厓寰�(f霉)鍚堝嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫亸灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鑸囧叏寰垎                                   (A)

    3.鏂瑰悜?q奴)顫�?sh霉)鑸囨搴︾殑姒傚康, 瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉�                                 (B)

    4.楂橀殠鍋忓皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉), 涓€煎畾鐞嗗強娉板嫆鍏紡                                 (A)

          浜屽厓鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬サ鍊�                                                 (A)

 锛堝崄鍏級 闅卞嚱鏁�(sh霉)                                          

   1. 闅卞嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�                                                          (B)

      闅卞嚱鏁�(sh霉)鍋忓皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)鍜岄珮闅庡亸灏�(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)                                       (A)

   2.闅卞嚱鏁�(sh霉)绲勭殑姒傚康,瀛樺湪鎬�                                          (A)

   3.闅卞嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫咕浣曟噳(y墨ng)鐢�                                               (A)

   4.鐢ㄦ媺鏍兼湕鏃ヤ箻鏁�(sh霉)姹傛浠舵サ鍊�                                       (A)

  锛堝崄涔濓級 鍚弮閲忕⿳鍒�                               

   1.鍚弮閲忕⿳鍒嗙殑姒傚康                                               (B)

     鍚弮閲忕⿳鍒嗙殑閫ｇ簩(x霉)鎬у拰鍙皫(d菐o)鎬�                                     (A)

   2.鍚弮閲忓弽甯哥⿳鍒嗙殑鎬ц唱(zh矛), 鏀舵杺鍒ゅ垾娉�                               (A)

   3.袚鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍜屝掑嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫畾缇�锛屾€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�                             (B)

  锛堜簩鍗侊級鏇茬窔绌嶅垎                                        

   1.绗竴鍨嬫洸绶氱⿳鍒嗙殑姒傚康鑸囨眰娉�                                     (A)

   2.绗簩鍨嬫洸绶氱⿳鍒嗙殑姒傚康鑸囪▓(j矛)绠�                                     (A)

  锛堜簩鍗佷竴锛夐噸绌嶅垎                                     

   1.骞抽潰鍦栧舰鐨勫収(n猫i),澶栭潰绌�; 浜岄噸绌嶅垎鐨勫畾缇┿€佸彲绌嶆浠�銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)            (A)

   2.鍖栦簩閲嶇⿳鍒嗙偤绱绌嶅垎                                           (A)

     鐢ㄤ簩閲嶇⿳鍒嗚▓(j矛)绠楁洸闈㈢殑闈㈢⿳                                       (B)

   3.鏍兼灄鍏紡,鏇茬窔绌嶅垎鑸囪矾寰戠殑鐒￠棞(gu膩n)鎬�                                (A)

   4.浜岄噸绌嶅垎鐨勮畩閲忚畩鎻�, 鐢ㄦサ鍧愭(bi膩o)瑷�(j矛)绠椾簩閲嶇⿳鍒�                       (A)

   5.涓夐噸绌嶅垎鐨勫畾缇�                                                 (B)

     涓夐噸绌嶅垎鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�                                                 (A)

   6.涓夐噸绌嶅垎鐨勭啊鍠噳(y墨ng)鐢�                                             (B)

 锛堜簩鍗佷簩锛� 鏇查潰绌嶅垎                                      

   1.绗竴鍨嬫洸绶氱⿳鍒嗙殑姒傚康銆佽▓(j矛)绠�                                     (A)

   2.鏇查潰鐨勫伌(c猫)                                                      锛圔)

      绗簩鍨嬫洸闈㈢⿳鍒嗙殑瀹氱京銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆佽▓(j矛)绠�                               (A)

      鍏╅鏇查潰绌嶅垎涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�                                         (B)

   3.楂樻柉鍏紡鑸囨柉鎵樺厠鏂叕寮忓強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�                                 (A)

鍥�銆佷富瑕佹暀鏉愬強鍙冭€冩浉

   1. 鏁欐潗:

     鑿澅甯寖澶у(xu茅)鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)绯�. 鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽锛堢涓夌増锛塠M]. 鍖椾含: 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 2001.

   2. 涓昏鍙冭€冩浉

    [1] 闄冲偝鐠�. 鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽[M]. 鍖椾含: 浜烘皯鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 1992.

    [2]  袘.袩.鍚夌背澶氱董濂�. 鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽缈�(x铆)椤岄泦[M]. 鍖椾含:  浜烘皯鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 1997.

[3] 瑁寸Ξ鏂�. 鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽涓殑鍏稿瀷鍟忛鑸囨柟娉昜M].  鍖椾含: 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 1993.

浜�銆佽鏄�

    灏�(du矛)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)灞ゆ鐨勮姹傚惈缇╂槸锛孉锛�­鎺屾彙锛汢锛氱悊瑙�锛汣锛氫簡瑙�銆�