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涓€銆佽绋嬫€ц唱銆佺洰鐨勫拰浠诲嫏
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涓夈€佽€冭│鑼冨湇
锛堜竴锛� 瀵︽暩鑸囧嚱鏁�
1. 瀵︽暩鐨勫垎椤炶垏涓昏鎬ц唱, 绲曞皪鍊艰垏涓嶇瓑寮� (A)
涓嶈冻杩戜技鍜岄亷鍓╄繎浼煎強鍏舵噳鐢� (B)
2. 鍗€(q奴)闁�銆侀劙鍩�銆佺⒑鐣岀殑姒傚康 (A)
纰虹晫鍘熺悊 (A)
3. 鍑芥暩鐨勭浉闂滄蹇点€佽〃绀烘硶 (A)
鍑芥暩鐨勫洓鍓囬亱绠�銆佸京鍚�銆佸弽鍑芥暩 (B)
鍑芥暩鐨勫湒璞� (C)
鍒濈瓑鍑芥暩 (C)
4. 鍥涢鍏锋湁鐗规畩鎬ц唱鐨勫嚱鏁� (B)
锛堜簩锛� 鏁稿垪妤甸檺
1. 妤甸檺鎬濇兂 (B)
鏁稿垪妤甸檺姒傚康 (A)
2. 鏀舵杺鏁稿垪鐨勬€ц唱 (A)
鏀舵杺鏁稿垪鐨勫洓鍓囬亱绠楁硶鍓� (B)
涓€浜涘父瑕嬬殑妤甸檺 (A)
瀛愬垪鍙婂叾鎬ц唱 (A)
3. 鍠鏈夌晫瀹氱悊銆佹煰瑗挎簴鍓囧強鍏舵噳鐢� (A)
锛堜笁锛� 鍑芥暩妤甸檺
1.鍚勭ó椤炲瀷鐨勫嚱鏁告サ闄愮殑姒傚康 (A)
2.鍑芥暩妤甸檺鐨勬€ц唱鍙婂叾鎳夌敤 (A)
3.姝哥祼鍘熺悊銆佹煰瑗挎簴鍓囧強鍏舵噳鐢� (A)
4.鍏╁€嬮噸瑕佹サ闄� (A)
5.鐒$灏忚垏鐒$澶х殑姒傚康銆佺浉浜掗棞绯� (B)
鐒$灏忕殑姣旇純 (C)
绛夊児鐒$灏忓強鍏舵噳鐢� (A)
鍑芥暩鐨勬几杩戠窔鍙婂叾姹傛硶 (A)
锛堝洓锛� 鍑芥暩鐨勯€g簩(x霉)鎬�
1.閫g簩(x霉)鐨勬蹇� (A)
闁撴柗榛炲強鍏跺垎椤� (B)
2.閫g簩(x霉)鍑芥暩鐨勫眬閮ㄦ€ц唱鍜屾暣楂旀€ц唱 (A)
鍙嶅嚱鏁歌垏寰╁悎鍑芥暩鐨勯€g簩(x霉)鎬� (A)
3.鍒濈瓑鍑芥暩鐨勯€g簩(x霉)鎬� (B)
锛堜簲锛夊皫鏁稿拰寰垎
1.灏庢暩鐨勬蹇�銆佸咕浣曟剰缇� (A)
2.姹傚皫娉曞墖 (A)
3.鍙冭畩閲忓嚱鏁哥殑姹傚皫娉曞墖 (A)
4.寰垎姒傚康銆佸井鍒嗙殑閬嬬畻娉曞墖 (A)
寰垎鍦ㄨ繎浼艰▓绠楃殑鎳夌敤 (B)
5.楂橀殠灏庢暩鑸囬珮闅庡井鍒嗙殑姒傚康銆佹眰娉� (A)
Leibniz鍏紡 (B)
楂橀殠寰垎 (B)
锛堝叚锛� 寰垎涓€煎畾鐞嗗強鍏舵噳鐢�
1.缇呯埦瀹氱悊銆佹媺鏍兼湕鏃ュ畾鐞嗚垏鍑芥暩鐨勫柈瑾挎€� (A)
2.鏌タ涓€煎畾鐞� (A)
3.娉板嫆鍏紡鍙婂叾鎳夌敤 (A)
甯哥敤鐨勫咕鍊嬪嚱鏁哥殑棣厠鍕炴灄灞曞紡 (A)
4.娲涙瘮閬旀硶鍓囧強鍏舵噳鐢� (A)
5.鍑芥暩妤靛€肩殑瀛樺湪鎬у強姹傛硶銆佹渶鍊煎強鍏舵噳鐢� (A)
6.鍑芥暩鐨勫嚫鎬у拰鎷愰粸 (B)
7.鍑芥暩鐨勫湒褰㈣◣璜� (B)
锛堜竷锛� 瀵︽暩鐨勫畬鍌欐€�
1.鍗€(q奴)闁撳瀹氱悊銆佹煰瑗挎簴鍓囥€佽仛榛炲畾鐞�銆佹湁闄愯钃嬪畾鐞� (A)
瀹屽倷鎬у畾鐞嗙殑绛夊児鎬� (B)
2.鍗€(q奴)闁撲笂閫g簩(x霉)鍑芥暩鐨勬€ц唱鐨勮瓑鏄� (B)
锛堝叓锛� 涓嶅畾绌嶅垎
1.鍘熷嚱鏁歌垏涓嶅畾绌嶅叕鐨勬蹇点€佹€ц唱 (A)
鍩烘湰绌嶅垎鍏紡 (A)
2.鍒嗛儴绌嶅叕娉曡垏鎻涘厓绌嶅垎娉� (A)
3.鏈夌悊鍑芥暩鐨勪笉瀹氱⿳鍒� (A)
绨″柈鐒$悊鍑芥暩鑸囦笁瑙掑嚱鏁哥殑涓嶅畾绌嶅垎 (B)
锛堜節锛� 瀹氱⿳鍒�
1. 瀹氱⿳鍒嗙殑瀹氱京 (B)
2. 鐗涢爴锛嶈悐甯冨凹鑼ㄥ叕寮� (A)
3. 灏忓拰鑸囧ぇ鍜岀殑姒傚康 (B)
瀹氱⿳鍒嗗瓨鍦ㄧ殑姊濅欢 (B)
鍙⿳鍑芥暩鐨勫垎椤� (A)
4. 瀹氱⿳鍒嗙殑鎬ц唱鑸囩⿳鍒嗕腑鍊煎畾鐞� (A)
5. 璁婇檺绌嶅垎鍙婂叾鎬ц唱 (A)
绗簩绌嶅垎涓€煎畾鐞� (C)
瀹氱⿳鍒嗙殑鎻涘厓娉曡垏鍒嗛儴绌嶅垎娉曞強鍏舵噳鐢� (A)
娉板嫆鍏紡鐨勭⿳鍒嗗瀷浣欓爡 (B)
6. 涓婂拰鑸囦笅鍜岀殑鎬ц唱銆佺⿳鍒嗗瓨鍦ㄧ殑鍏呭垎蹇呰姊濅欢 (B)
锛堝崄锛� 瀹氱⿳鍒嗙殑鎳夌敤
1.姹傚钩闈㈠湒褰㈢殑闈㈢⿳ (A)
2.姹傛埅闈㈤潰绌嶅凡鐭ョ殑绔嬮珨鍦栧舰鐨勯珨绌�銆佹棆杞夐珨鐨勯珨绌� (A)
3.骞抽潰鏇茬窔鐨勫姬闀� (A)
鏇茬巼 锛圕)
4. 寰厓娉�銆佹眰鏃嬭綁鏇查潰鐨勯潰绌� (A)
5. 鍒╃敤瀹氱⿳鍒嗘眰娑查珨鐨勯潨澹撳姏銆佸紩鍔�銆佽畩鍔涘仛鍔� (A)
锛堝崄锛夊弽甯哥⿳鍒�
1. 鍙嶅父绌嶅垎鍙婂叾鏀舵杺鎬х殑姒傚康 (B)
2. 鐒$绌嶅垎鐨勬€ц唱鍙婂叾鏀舵杺鍒ゅ垾娉� (A)
3. 鐟曠⿳鍒嗙殑鎬ц唱鍙婂叾鏂傛暎鎬у垽鍒ユ硶 (A)
锛堝崄浜岋級 鏁搁爡绱氭暩
1.鏁搁爡绱氭暩, 閮ㄥ垎鍜�, 鏀舵杺鑸囩櫦(f膩)鏁�, 浣欓爡绛夋蹇� (B)
鏌タ鏀舵杺婧栧墖, 鏀舵杺绱氭暩鐨勬€ц唱 (A)
2. 姝i爡绱氭暩鍙婂叾鏀舵杺鍒ゅ垾娉� (A)
3. 涓€鑸爡绱氭暩鐨勬敹鏂傚垽鍒ユ硶 (A)
锛堝崄涓夛級 鍑芥暩鍒楄垏鍑芥暩闋呯礆鏁�
1.鍑芥暩鍒楄垏鍑芥暩闋呯礆鏁哥殑姒傚康 (B)
鏀舵杺鑸囦竴鑷存敹鏂傜殑姒傚康, 鍑芥暩绱氭暩鐨勬敹鏂傚煙 (A)
鍑芥暩鍒楄垏鍑芥暩闋呯礆鏁镐竴鑷存敹鏂傜殑鍒ゅ垾娉� (A)
2.涓€鑷存敹鏂傚嚱鏁稿垪鍜屽嚱鏁搁爡绱氭暩鐨勬€ц唱 (A)
锛堝崄鍥涳級鍐礆鏁�
1.鍐礆鏁哥殑鏀舵杺鍗€(q奴)闁�, 鏀舵杺鍗婂緫 (B)
鍐礆鏁哥殑鎬ц唱 (A)
2.鍐礆鏁哥殑娉板嫆灞曢枊鍜岄亥鍏嬪嫗鏋楀睍闁嬪紡 (A)
鍩烘湰鍒濈瓑鍑芥暩鐨勫啰绱氭暩灞曢枊 (A)
3.寰╄畩閲忕殑鎸囨暩鍑芥暩, 姝愭媺鍏紡 (C)
锛堝崄浜旓級 鍌呯珛钁夌礆鏁�
1. 涓夎绱氭暩,鍌呯珛钁夌礆鏁哥殑姒傚康 (C)
浠�2p鐐哄懆鏈熺殑鍑芥暩鐨勫倕绔嬭憠绱氭暩鐨勫睍闁嬪紡 (A)
2. 浠�2l鐐哄懆鏈熺殑鍑芥暩鐨勫倕绔嬭憠绱氭暩灞曢枊 (A)
锛堝崄鍏級 澶氬厓鍑芥暩鐨勬サ闄愪簬閫g簩(x霉)
1. 澶氬厓鍑芥暩
骞抽潰榛為泦鐨勭浉闂滄蹇� (B)
鏌タ婧栧墖, 鍗€(q奴)鍩熷瀹氱悊,鑱氶粸瀹氱悊 (B)
澶氬厓鍑芥暩鐨勬蹇� (B)
2. 浜屽厓鍑芥暩鐨勬サ闄� (A)
3. 浜屽厓鍑芥暩鐨勯€g簩(x霉)鎬у強鍏舵€ц唱 (A)
锛堝崄涓冿級 澶氬厓鍑芥暩鐨勫井鍒嗗
1. 澶氬厓鍑芥暩鐨勫亸灏庢暩鍜屽叏寰垎鐨勬蹇�, 鑱�(li谩n)绯�; 鍙井鐨勬浠�; 鍋忓皫鏁哥殑鎳夌敤 (A)
鍏ㄥ井鍒嗙殑骞句綍鎰忕京 (B)
2. 澶氬厓寰╁悎鍑芥暩鐨勫亸灏庢暩鑸囧叏寰垎 (A)
3.鏂瑰悜灏庢暩鑸囨搴︾殑姒傚康, 瑷堢畻鏂规硶 (B)
4.楂橀殠鍋忓皫鏁�, 涓€煎畾鐞嗗強娉板嫆鍏紡 (A)
浜屽厓鍑芥暩鐨勬サ鍊� (A)
锛堝崄鍏級 闅卞嚱鏁�
1. 闅卞嚱鏁哥殑姒傚康 (B)
闅卞嚱鏁稿亸灏庢暩鍜岄珮闅庡亸灏庢暩 (A)
2.闅卞嚱鏁哥祫鐨勬蹇�,瀛樺湪鎬� (A)
3.闅卞嚱鏁哥殑骞句綍鎳夌敤 (A)
4.鐢ㄦ媺鏍兼湕鏃ヤ箻鏁告眰姊濅欢妤靛€� (A)
锛堝崄涔濓級 鍚弮閲忕⿳鍒�
1.鍚弮閲忕⿳鍒嗙殑姒傚康 (B)
鍚弮閲忕⿳鍒嗙殑閫g簩(x霉)鎬у拰鍙皫鎬� (A)
2.鍚弮閲忓弽甯哥⿳鍒嗙殑鎬ц唱, 鏀舵杺鍒ゅ垾娉� (A)
3.袚鍑芥暩鍜屝掑嚱鏁哥殑瀹氱京锛屾€ц唱鍙婂叾鎳夌敤 (B)
锛堜簩鍗侊級鏇茬窔绌嶅垎
1.绗竴鍨嬫洸绶氱⿳鍒嗙殑姒傚康鑸囨眰娉� (A)
2.绗簩鍨嬫洸绶氱⿳鍒嗙殑姒傚康鑸囪▓绠� (A)
锛堜簩鍗佷竴锛夐噸绌嶅垎
1.骞抽潰鍦栧舰鐨勫収,澶栭潰绌�; 浜岄噸绌嶅垎鐨勫畾缇�銆佸彲绌嶆浠�銆佹€ц唱 (A)
2.鍖栦簩閲嶇⿳鍒嗙偤绱绌嶅垎 (A)
鐢ㄤ簩閲嶇⿳鍒嗚▓绠楁洸闈㈢殑闈㈢⿳ (B)
3.鏍兼灄鍏紡,鏇茬窔绌嶅垎鑸囪矾寰戠殑鐒¢棞鎬� (A)
4.浜岄噸绌嶅垎鐨勮畩閲忚畩鎻�, 鐢ㄦサ鍧愭瑷堢畻浜岄噸绌嶅垎 (A)
5.涓夐噸绌嶅垎鐨勫畾缇� (B)
涓夐噸绌嶅垎鐨勮▓绠� (A)
6.涓夐噸绌嶅垎鐨勭啊鍠噳鐢� (B)
锛堜簩鍗佷簩锛� 鏇查潰绌嶅垎
1.绗竴鍨嬫洸绶氱⿳鍒嗙殑姒傚康銆佽▓绠� (A)
2.鏇查潰鐨勫伌 锛圔)
绗簩鍨嬫洸闈㈢⿳鍒嗙殑瀹氱京銆佹€ц唱銆佽▓绠� (A)
鍏╅鏇查潰绌嶅垎涔嬮枔鐨勯棞绯� (B)
3.楂樻柉鍏紡鑸囨柉鎵樺厠鏂叕寮忓強鍏舵噳鐢� (A)
鍥�銆佷富瑕佹暀鏉愬強鍙冭€冩浉
1. 鏁欐潗:
鑿澅甯寖澶у鏁稿绯�. 鏁稿鍒嗘瀽锛堢涓夌増锛塠M]. 鍖椾含: 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 2001.
2. 涓昏鍙冭€冩浉
[1] 闄冲偝鐠�. 鏁稿鍒嗘瀽[M]. 鍖椾含: 浜烘皯鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 1992.
[2] 袘.袩.鍚夌背澶氱董濂�. 鏁稿鍒嗘瀽缈掗闆哰M]. 鍖椾含: 浜烘皯鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 1997.
[3] 瑁寸Ξ鏂�. 鏁稿鍒嗘瀽涓殑鍏稿瀷鍟忛鑸囨柟娉昜M]. 鍖椾含: 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 1993.
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