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鐢熺墿缍滃悎鐢辩敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)鍜岄伜鍌冲(xu茅)鍏╅儴鍒嗘(g貌u)鎴�銆�
锛堜竴锛夌敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎
1.铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳斤細
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫畾缇�锛岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭祫鎴�锛岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳界殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛岃偨閸�銆佽偨銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)涓€銆佷簩銆佷笁銆佸洓绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佷簽鍩�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍩�锛岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)璁婃€с€�
2.鏍搁吀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳斤細
RNA鑸嘍NA鐨勫樊鍒�锛孌NA鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳�锛孯NA鐨勭ó椤炶垏鍔熻兘锛屾牳閰哥殑涓€鑸悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)锛孌NA鐨勮畩鎬�銆佸京(f霉)鎬ц垏鍒嗗瓙闆滀氦锛屾牳閰搁叾銆�
3.閰讹細
閰惰垏鐢熺墿鍌寲鍔�锛岄叾鐨勫垎瀛愮祫鎴愶紝閰剁殑娲绘€т腑蹇�锛岄叾淇冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛岄叾鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍜屽奖闊垮洜绱�锛岄叾鐨勮(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)锛屽悓鍔熼叾銆�
4.绯栦唬璎濓細
绯栫殑鐢熺悊鍔熻兘锛岀硸鐨勬秷鍖栧惛鏀�锛岀硸閰佃В锛岀硸鐨勬湁姘ф哀鍖�锛岀７閰告垔绯栭€斿緫锛岀硸鍘熺殑鍚堟垚鑸囧垎瑙�锛岀硸鐣扮敓锛岃绯栧強鍏惰(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)銆�
5.鑴傞浠ｈ瑵锛�
鑴傞鍜屽垎椤�锛岃剛椤炵殑鐢熺悊鍔熻兘锛屼笉椋藉拰鑴傞吀锛岃剛椤炵殑娑堝寲鑸囧惛鏀讹紝鐢樻补涓夐叝鐨勫悎鎴愪唬璎�锛岀敇娌逛笁閰殑鍒嗚В浠ｈ瑵锛岄叜楂旂殑浠ｈ瑵锛岃剛閰哥殑鍚堟垚浠ｈ瑵锛岃喗鍥洪唶浠ｈ瑵锛岃婕胯剛铔嬬櫧浠ｈ瑵銆�
6.鐢熺墿姘у寲锛�
鐢熺墿姘у寲鐨勬蹇靛拰鏂瑰紡锛屽懠鍚搁張锛屾哀鍖栫７閰稿寲锛岄珮鑳藉寲鍚堢墿锛岄€氶亷(gu貌)绶氱矑楂斿収(n猫i)鑶滅殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)杞�(zhu菐n)閬�(y霉n)銆�
7.姘ㄥ熀閰镐唬璎濓細
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勭嚐(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)浣滅敤锛岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勪簰瑁�(b菙)浣滅敤锛岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勬秷鍖�銆佸惛鏀惰垏鑵愭晽锛屾皑鍩洪吀鐨勪竴鑸唬璎�锛屾皑鐨勪唬璎�锛屾皑鍩洪吀鐨勮劔缇у熀浣滅敤锛屼竴纰冲柈浣嶄唬璎�锛屽惈纭皑鍩洪吀鐨勪唬璎�锛岃姵棣欐棌姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑浠ｈ瑵銆�
8. DNA鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴愶細
鍩哄洜锛屼腑蹇冩硶鍓�锛屽京(f霉)鍒剁殑鍩烘湰瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶紝DNA寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑閰跺(xu茅)鍜屾嫇?f霉)閶礧(xu茅)璁婂寲锛孌NA鐢熺墿鍚堟垚閬�(gu貌)绋嬶紝閫嗚綁(zhu菐n)閷勫拰鍏朵粬寰�(f霉)鍒舵柟寮�锛孌NA鐨勬悕鍌凤紙绐佽畩锛夎垏淇京(f霉)銆�
9.RNA鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴愶細
杞�(zhu菐n)閷勶紝寰�(f霉)鍒惰垏杞�(zhu菐n)閷勭殑鐣板悓榛�(di菐n)锛岃綁(zhu菐n)閷勬ā鏉�锛孯NA鑱氬悎閰�锛屾ā鏉胯垏閰剁殑杈ㄨ獚(r猫n)绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛岃綁(zhu菐n)閷勯亷(gu貌)绋�锛岀湡鏍哥敓鐗╃殑杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫悗淇＞銆�
10.铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴愶細
铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚楂旂郴锛岄伜鍌冲瘑纰�锛岃泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚閬�(gu貌)绋�銆�
锛堜簩锛夐伜鍌冲(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎
1銆侀伜鍌崇殑鏌撹壊楂斿(xu茅)瑾�(shu艒)
銆€銆€鐞嗚В绱�(x矛)鑳炲垎瑁傜殑鎰忕京锛屾帉鎻℃湁绲插垎瑁傝垏娓涙暩(sh霉)鍒嗚鐨勭暟鍚�锛屼簡瑙ｆ煋鑹查珨鍦ㄦ湁绲插垎瑁傚拰娓涙暩(sh霉)鍒嗚涓殑琛岀偤锛屾帉鎻℃煋鑹查珨瀛�(xu茅)瑾�(shu艒)鐨勪富瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹�銆�
2銆佺稉(j墨ng)鍏搁伜鍌冲(xu茅)
銆€銆€鐞嗚В瀛熷痉?t墨ng)鏌曞铔泋瀹氬緥銆佽嚜鐢辩祫鍚堝畾寰�銆佷即鎬ч伜鍌崇殑瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛岀啛绶撮亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ熀鍥犵殑閫ｉ帠鑸囦氦鎻涘畾寰嬮€�(j矛n)琛岄噸绲勯牷鐜囩殑瑷�(j矛)绠楋紝鎺屾彙涓夐粸(di菐n)娓�(c猫)浜ゆ硶灏�(du矛)鍩哄洜瀹氫綅銆傜啛绶存帉鎻＄郴璀滅殑閬哄偝鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶锛屼簡瑙ｆ€ф煋鑹查珨姹哄畾鎬у垾鐨勫咕绋鍨�锛岀悊瑙ｅ姂閲忚(b菙)鍎熸晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬蹇碉紝鎺屾彙鍩哄洜鍨�锛岃〃鐝�(xi脿n)鍨�锛屽椤巼锛岃〃鐝�(xi脿n)搴︽蹇�銆備簡瑙ｅ熀鍥犵獊璁婁簰浣滈鍨嬪強鍒嗗瓙鍩虹(ch菙)銆�
3銆佸熀鍥犵殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳�
銆€ 浜嗚В鍩哄洜姒傚康鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曪紝鎺屾彙鍩哄洜鐨勯鍨�锛岀悊瑙ｅ熀鍥犺垏DNA鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€傛帉鎻″熀鍥犵祫绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜屽姛鑳界殑灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傜悊瑙ｇ瓑浣嶅熀鍥犵殑瀵�(sh铆)璩�(zh矛)銆傛帉鎻＄敤閲嶇祫娓�(c猫)椹�(y脿n)纰哄畾绐佽畩鐨勭┖闁撲綅缃棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽強鐢ㄤ簰瑁�(b菙)娓�(c猫)椹�(y脿n)纰哄畾绐佸熀鍥犲姛鑳界殑鍘熺悊鍜屾柟娉�銆� 鎺屾彙缂哄け浣滃湒鐨勫師鐞嗗拰鏂规硶銆�
4銆侀伜鍌冲垎鏋�
銆€ 鎺屾彙鍩哄洜绐佽畩椤炲瀷鍙婂叾鍒嗗瓙鍩虹(ch菙)銆傜悊瑙ｄ簰瑁�(b菙)妾㈡脯(c猫)鐨勬(j墨)鍒跺拰浣滅敤銆備簡瑙ｇ湡銆佸師鏍哥敓鐗╁熀鍥犵祫搴忓垪鐨勯鍨嬪拰鍚勮嚜鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆� 鎺屾彙鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鍩哄洜鐨勫寘瑁濇ā鍨�銆傜悊瑙ｅ熀鍥犲鏃忕殑姒傚康鍜屽姛鑳�锛屼簡瑙ｅ父瑕�(ji脿n)鐨勫熀鍥犲鏃�銆� 浜嗚В鍩哄洜鐨勪笩澶�锛屾摯(ku貌)澧�锛岄噸鎺掔殑鎰忕京銆� 鐞嗚В閬哄偝妯�(bi膩o)瑷樼殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
5銆侀伜鍌抽噸绲�
銆€鎺屾彙鍚屾簮閲嶇祫锛屼綅榛�(di菐n)灏堜竴閲嶇祫鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆傛帉鎻¤綁(zhu菐n)搴у瓙鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)锛岃綁(zhu菐n)搴фā鍨�锛岀悊瑙ｈ綁(zhu菐n)搴х殑閬哄偝鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屼簡瑙ｇ敓鐗╀腑甯歌(ji脿n)鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)搴хず渚嬨€�
6銆佸熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)鍜岃(di脿o)鎺�
銆€ 浜嗚В杞�(zhu菐n)閷勮捣濮�銆佺祩姝㈢殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜屼綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鐞嗐€備簡瑙NA鍔犲伐鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋嬪強鎰忕京銆� 浜嗚В涔崇硸鎿嶇副瀛愮殑瑾�(di脿o)鎺фā鍨�銆備簡瑙NA閲嶆帓灏�(du矛)鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鐨勮(di脿o)鎺�銆� 鎺屾彙鍙嶇京RNA鐨勬蹇�锛屼綔鐢ㄥ強宸ヤ綔姗�(j墨)鍒�銆備簡瑙ｈ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)淇＞锛孌NA鐢插熀鍖栧拰鍘荤敳鍩哄寲鑸囧熀鍥犳椿鍖栬(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傛帉鎻＄湡鏍哥敓鐗╅爢寮�銆佸弽寮忎綔鐢ㄥ厓浠剁殑椤炲瀷鍜屽姛鑳�銆備簡瑙NA鍓嶉珨鍔犲伐鐨勯鍨嬨€佹剰缇�锛屾帉鎻NA绶ㄨ集鐨勬蹇靛拰浣滅敤銆� 鎺屾彙mRNA鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜屼綔鐢�锛屼簡瑙ｇ炕璀捣濮嬪洜瀛愯垏铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍚堟垚璧峰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勮(di脿o)鎺с€�
7銆侀伜鍌崇墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勬敼璁�
鎺屾彙绐佽畩鐨勬蹇�銆佺獊璁婇鍨嬪強鍏跺垎瀛愬熀绀�(ch菙)銆備簡瑙ｆ灉锠呭斁鑵烘煋鑹查珨鐨勭壒寰佸拰褰㈡垚鍘熷洜銆� 鎺屾彙鏌撹壊楂旂己澶便€侀噸寰�(f霉)銆佸€掍綅銆佹槗浣嶇殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛岀櫦(f膩)鐢熺殑姗�(j墨)鍒跺拰閬哄偝鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆� 鎺屾彙鏌撹壊楂旀暩(sh霉)鐩畩鐣扮殑鍩烘湰椤炲瀷锛屽舰鎴愬師鍥犲拰閬哄偝鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆� 浜嗚В鏌撹壊楂旇畩鐣板湪閫�(j矛n)鍖栦腑鐨勬剰缇�銆� 浜嗚В鑷櫦(f膩)绐佽畩锛岃獦鐧�(f膩)绐佽畩鐨勫垎瀛愭(j墨)鍒�銆� 鐔熸倝鍏夊京(f霉)娲伙紝鍒囬櫎淇京(f霉)锛岄噸绲勪慨寰�(f霉)锛孲OS淇京(f霉)鐨勫垎瀛愭ā鍨�銆�
8銆佹暩(sh霉)閲忔€х媭鐨勯伜鍌冲垎鏋�
鎺屾彙鏁�(sh霉)閲忔€х媭鐨勬蹇靛拰鐗瑰緛銆備簡瑙ｅ鍩哄洜?q奴)W瑾�(shu艒)鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰拰澶氬熀鍥犳晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆傜悊瑙ｉ伜鍌崇巼鐨勬蹇碉紝鎺屾彙閬哄偝鐜囩殑瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉�銆備簡瑙ｈ繎浜ょ殑姒傚康锛屾帉鎻¤繎浜ょ郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉�锛岀悊瑙ｉ洔浜ゅ劒(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勫収(n猫i)娑点€�
9銆侀伜鍌宠垏閫�(j矛n)鍖�
鐞嗚В瀛熷痉?t墨ng)鏌稿悗w鍜屽熀鍥犲韩(k霉)鐨勬蹇碉紝鎺屾彙绛変綅鍩哄洜闋荤巼鍜屽熀鍥犲瀷闋荤巼鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉�锛屼簡瑙ｇ獊璁婂拰閬告搰灏�(du矛)鍩哄洜闋荤巼鐨勫奖闊�銆備簡瑙ardy锛峎einberg瀹氬緥鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�銆佸钩琛＄兢楂旂殑鍩烘湰鐗瑰緛銆佸奖闊縃ardy锛峎einberg骞宠 鐨勫洜绱�銆備簡瑙ｉ伜鍌虫紓璁婄殑姒傚康銆備簡瑙ｇ墿绋舰鎴愮殑閬�(gu貌)绋嬪拰鏂瑰紡銆備簡瑙ｆ柊鍩哄洜鐛插緱鐨勬柟寮�銆佸熀鍥犵祫閫�(j矛n)鍖栫殑鏂瑰紡銆備簡瑙ｅ垎瀛愰€�(j矛n)鍖栫殑涓€у(xu茅)瑾�(shu艒)鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹广€�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
