2021骞存箹鍗椾腑閱�(y墨)钘ュぇ瀛�(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢�鎷涚敓鑰冭│钘ュ(xu茅)缍滃悎

鑰冭│澶х侗

鈪犺€冭│鎬ц唱(zh矛)

钘ュ(xu茅)缍滃悎鑰冭│鏄偤楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鍜岀鐮旈櫌鎵€鎷涙敹钘ュ(xu茅)灏堟キ(y猫)鐨�纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢�鑰岃ō(sh猫)缃叿鏈夐伕鎷旀€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勮€冭│绉戠洰銆傚叾鐩殑鏄瀛�(xu茅)銆佸叕骞炽€佹湁鏁堝湴娓│鑰冪敓鏄惁鍏峰倷绻肩簩(x霉)鏀昏畝纰╁＋瀛�(xu茅)浣嶆墍闇€瑕佽棩瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鍜屽熀绀�(ch菙)鎶€鑳�,瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏄珮绛夊(xu茅)鏍¤棩瀛�(xu茅)灏堟キ(y猫)鍎�(y艒u)绉€鏈鐣㈡キ(y猫)鐢熻兘閬�(d谩)鍒扮殑鍙婃牸鎴栧強鏍间互涓婃按骞�,浠ュ埄浜庡悇楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鍜岀鐮旈櫌鎵€鎿囧劒(y艒u)閬告嫈,纰轰繚纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢�鐨勬嫑鐢熻唱(zh矛)閲�銆�

鈪� 鑰冨療鐩(bi膩o)

钘ュ(xu茅)缍滃悎鑰冭│鑼冨湇鐐烘湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆佽棩鐞嗗(xu茅)鍜屽ぉ鐒惰棩鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)銆傝姹傝€冪敓绯荤当(t菕ng)鎺屾彙涓婅堪钘ュ(xu茅)瀛�(xu茅)绉戜腑鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栥€佸熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)鍜屽熀鏈妧鑳�,鑳藉閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ墍瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈悊璜�銆佸熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)鍜屽熀鏈妧鑳界稖鍚堝垎鏋�銆佸垽鏂峰拰瑙ｆ焙鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐞嗚珫鍟忛鍜屽(sh铆)闅涘晱椤�銆�

鈪� 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鑸囪│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

涓€銆佽│鍗锋垚绺惧強鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�

鏈│鍗锋豢鍒嗙偤 300 鍒嗭紙鍏朵腑銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆�銆併€婅棩鐞嗗(xu茅)銆嬪拰銆婂ぉ鐒惰棩鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬮儴鍒嗗悇鐐�100鍒嗭級,鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撶偤 180 鍒嗛悩銆�

浜�銆佺瓟椤屾柟寮�

绛旈鏂瑰紡鐐洪枆鍗�銆佺瓎瑭�銆�

涓夈€佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹圭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

1銆併€婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆�

锛�1锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍗�30%

锛�2锛夌祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐞嗚珫闂�(gu膩n)绯诲崰20%

锛�3锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍗�30%

锛�4锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍗�20%

2.銆婅棩鐞嗗(xu茅)銆�

锛�1锛夌附璜栭儴鍒嗗崰20%

锛�2锛夊悇璜栭儴鍒嗗崰50%

锛�3锛夊(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐮旂┒閮ㄥ垎鍗�30%

3銆併€婂ぉ鐒惰棩鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

锛�1锛夊ぉ鐒剁敘(ch菐n)鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷銆佺敓鐗╁悎鎴�20%

锛�2锛夊ぉ鐒剁敘(ch菐n)鐗╃悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)鍗�30%

锛�3锛夊ぉ鐒剁敘(ch菐n)鐗╂彁鍙栧垎闆㈠崰30%

锛�4锛夊ぉ鐒剁敘(ch菐n)鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閼掑畾鍗�20%

 鍥�銆佽│鍗烽鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

1銆併€婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆�

锛�1锛夊～绌洪(绱�10鍒�)

锛�2锛夊柈闋�(xi脿ng)閬告搰椤�(绱�20鍒�)

锛�3锛夊懡鍚嶉(绱�15鍒�)

锛�4锛夊畬鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮�(绱�25鍒�)

锛�5锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�(绱�10鍒�)

锛�6锛夊悎鎴愰(绱�10鍒�)

锛�7锛夋帹鏂烽锛堢磩10鍒�)

 2.銆婅棩鐞嗗(xu茅)銆�

锛�1锛夊柈閬搁锛堢磩40鍒嗭級

锛�2锛夊垽鏂烽(绱�20鍒�)

锛�3锛夊悕瑭炶В閲�(绱�10鍒�)

锛�4锛夎珫杩伴(绱�30鍒�)

3銆併€婂ぉ鐒惰棩鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

锛�1锛夊柈閬搁锛堢磩40鍒嗭級

锛�2锛夐憭鍒ラ(绱�15鍒�)

锛�3锛夋瘮杓冮(绱�15鍒�)

锛�4锛夌祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑙ｆ瀽椤�(绱�15鍒�)

锛�5锛夋彁鍙栧垎闆㈤(绱�15鍒�)

鈪� 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

1.銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆�

锛堜竴锛夌煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)瑕佹眰

1銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅強鐗╂€�

(1)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�

(2)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忕殑鍚勭ó琛ㄧず鏂规硶

(3)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏅€氬懡鍚嶅強IUPAC 鍛藉悕鍘熷墖鍜屼腑鍦嬪寲瀛�(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)鍛藉悕鍘熷墖鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�

(4)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯�

2銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

(1)閲嶈瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍏稿瀷鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婄浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鎻涚殑甯哥敤鏂规硶銆�

閲嶈瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鐑风兇銆佺儻鐑淬€佺倲鐑�銆侀沟浠ｇ兇銆佽姵鐑�銆侀唶銆侀厷銆侀啔銆侀啗銆侀叜銆侀唽銆佺晶閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿銆佽兒鍙婂叾浠栧惈姘寲鍚堢墿銆佺啊鍠殑闆滅挵(hu谩n)楂旂郴銆�

(2)涓昏鏈夋(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀噸鎺掑弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸懆鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

3銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栧強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�

(1)瑾樺皫(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽秴鍏辫粵鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佺珛楂旀晥鎳�(y墨ng)

(2)纰虫闆㈠瓙銆佺⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佺⒊鑷敱鍩�銆佸崱璩�銆佽嫰鐐旂瓑娲绘€т腑闁撻珨

(3)鏈夋(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑琛ㄩ仈(d谩)

4銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚

(1)瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)灏�(d菐o)鍏ャ€佽綁(zhu菐n)鎻涖€佷繚璀�(h霉)銆�

(2)纰崇⒊閸靛舰鎴愬強鏂疯鐨勫熀鏈柟娉�

(3)閫嗗悜鍚堟垚鍒嗘瀽鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)鍙婂叾鍦ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�

5銆佹湁姗�(j墨)绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)

(1)骞句綍鐣版(g貌u)銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆佹(g貌u)璞＄暟妲�(g貌u)绛夐潨鎱�(t脿i)绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�

(2)澶栨秷鏃嬮珨鐨勬媶鍒嗘柟娉�銆佷笉灏�(du矛)绋卞悎鎴愮啊浠�

(3)鍙栦唬銆佸姞鎴�銆佹秷闄�銆侀噸鎺�銆佸懆鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)

6銆侀洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╁強鍏冪礌鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍚玁銆丼銆丱 绛夌殑浜�銆佸叚鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�

7銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑甯哥敤鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佺墿鐞嗛憭瀹氭柟娉�

(1)甯歌瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸寲瀛�(xu茅)閼掑垾鏂规硶

(2)甯歌鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏍哥鍏辨尟璀�(1HNMR銆�13CNMR)銆佺磪澶栧厜璀�(IR)銆佺传澶栧厜璀�(UV)鍜岃唱(zh矛)璀�(MS)鐨勮瓬瀛�(xu茅)鐗瑰緛

(3)閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄥ寲瀛�(xu茅)鏂规硶鍙婂洓澶ф尝璀滃皪(du矛)绨″柈鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╅€�(j矛n)琛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閼掑畾

8銆佺⒊姘村寲鍚堢墿銆佹补鑴�銆佽悳椤炪€佺斁鏃忕瓑澶╃劧鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀敤閫�

锛堜簩锛夎€冭│瑕佹眰(瑕佹眰鎺屾彙鍜屼簡瑙ｇ殑鍚勭珷鍏�(n猫i)瀹�)

绗竴绔�  绶掕珫

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╁拰鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)

2銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氬嚤搴嫆绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忋€侀洟瀛愰嵉鍜屽叡鍍�(ji脿)閸�銆佺従(xi脿n)浠ｅ叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电悊璜栥€佸叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑灞€�

3銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜岃〃绀烘柟娉�

4銆佹湁姗�(j墨)閰稿牽鐨勬蹇碉細闃跨疮灏肩儚鏂殑闆婚洟璜�銆佸媰鏈楁柉寰风殑璩�(zh矛)瀛愮悊璜�銆佽矾鏄撴柉鐨勯浕瀛愯珫

5銆佽Κ闆昏│鍔�銆佽Κ鏍歌│鍔戠殑瀹氱京

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜岃〃绀烘柟娉�

2銆佹帉鎻★細鏈夋(j墨)閰稿牽鐨勬蹇�銆佺従(xi脿n)浠ｅ叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电悊璜栦互鍙婂叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑灞€�

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氭湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╁拰鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)锛涙湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

绗簩绔�  鐑风兇

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆佸悓绯诲垪鍜屾(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛氬悓绯诲垪鍜屽悓绯荤墿銆佹(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)

2銆佸懡鍚嶏細鏅€氬懡鍚嶆硶銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉�

3銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

4銆佹(g貌u)璞★細涔欑兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞�銆佷竵鐑风殑妲�(g貌u)璞�

5銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛氬垎瀛愪箣闁撶殑浣滅敤鍔�銆佹哺榛�(di菐n)銆佺啍榛�(di菐n)銆佸瘑搴�銆佹憾瑙ｅ害

6銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氭哀鍖栧拰鐕冪噿銆佺啽瑁傚弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀沟鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夌兎鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)

2銆佹帉鎻★細鐑风兇鐨勬哀鍖�銆佺噧鐕掑拰鐔辫鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氱兎鐑寸殑鍛藉悕銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹(g貌u)璞″拰楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婃(j墨)鐞嗭紱鑷敱鍩虹殑姒傚康銆�

4銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

绗笁绔�  鐑兇

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆佺儻鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

2銆佺儻鐑寸殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)锛氭(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆侀爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)

3銆佺儻鐑寸殑鍛藉悕

4銆佺儻鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)

5銆佺儻鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬偓鍖栧姞姘€佽Κ闆绘€у姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佺〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆乤-H鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)

6銆侀浕瀛愭晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛氳獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)

7銆佺儻鐑寸殑鍒跺倷锛氱倲鐑撮倓鍘熴€侀唶鑴按銆侀沟浠ｇ兎鑴沟浠ｆ矮

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鐑兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆佽獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佽仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)

2銆佹帉鎻★細閬庨吀姘у寲銆佺〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氱儻鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚�锛涢爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)楂斿強鍏舵(g貌u)鍨嬫(bi膩o)瑷樻硶銆佺儻鐑寸殑鍌寲鍔犳矮锛涜Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝姞HX,鍔燲2锛屽姞H2SO4,鍔燞OX锛岀〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛夛紱瑕浕鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭紙鍔燲2锛屽姞HX锛�锛涜Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯Μ姘忥紙Markovnikov锛夎(gu墨)鍓�锛涚儻鐑寸殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堣KMnO4姘у寲锛岃嚟姘у寲锛夛紱a-H鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)

绗洓绔�  鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆佺倲鐑达細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚嶏紱鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸埗鍌�

2銆佷簩鐑兇锛氬垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕銆佸叡杌涗簩鐑兇銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)浠ュ強瓒呭叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸叡鎸珫

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鍏辫粵鏁堟噳(y墨ng)浠ュ強瓒呭叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸叡鎸珫鐨勬蹇�

2銆佹帉鎻★細浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氱倲鐑�銆佸叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚�锛涚倲鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堢倲姘殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀⒊纰冲弫閸电殑閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛夛紱鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑1,2鍜�1,4-鍔犳垚銆丏-A鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛沺-p鍏辫粵銆乸-p鍏辫粵

绗簲绔� 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�

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1銆佽剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佹(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�

2銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

3銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳垏闁嬮張鐑风兇鐩镐技鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佺挵(hu谩n)涓欑兎鍜岀挵(hu谩n)涓佺兎鐨勯枊鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

4銆佹嫓鐖惧嫉鍔涘(xu茅)瑾�

5銆佺挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勬(g貌u)璞★細鐠�(hu谩n)涓欑兎銆佺挵(hu谩n)涓佺兎銆佺挵(hu谩n)鎴婄兎鍜岀挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞�

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

2銆佹帉鎻★細鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佺挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚挵(hu谩n)涓欑兎銆佺挵(hu谩n)涓佺兎銆佺挵(hu谩n)鎴婄兎鍜屽叚鍏冪挵(hu谩n)鐨勭挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇妲�(g貌u)璞�

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氱挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇銆佹⿱鐠�(hu谩n)鐑村拰铻虹挵(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍛藉悕锛涜剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑妲�(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛涚挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞�銆乤閸靛拰e閸电殑姒傚康锛涚挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)

绗叚绔�  绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛氬钩闈㈠亸鎸厜鍜屾瘮鏃嬪厜搴︺€佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂斿拰鎵嬫€�銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆佹(g貌u)鍨嬬殑鍛藉悕銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸娑堟棆楂�銆侀潪灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂斿拰鍏�(n猫i)娑堟棆楂斻€佹(g貌u)璞＄暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屾(g貌u)鍨嬬暟妲�(g貌u)

2銆佺挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭珛楂旂暟妲�(g貌u)锛氬咕浣曠暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屽皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆佷竴鍙栦唬鐠�(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞�銆佷簩鍙栦唬鐠�(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞�

3銆佽仛闆嗕簩鐑兇鐨勭珛楂旂暟妲�(g貌u)

4銆佸崄姘悩鐨勭珛楂旂暟妲�(g貌u)

5銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鍚堟垚鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)锛氭墜鎬т腑蹇冪殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�銆佸娑堟棆楂旂殑鎷嗗垎銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旇垏鎵嬫€ц│鍔戠殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹墜鎬у垎瀛愬湪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓殑绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鍋忔尟鍏夌殑鏈夐棞(gu膩n)姒傚康锛涘娑堟棆楂旀媶鍒�锛涙墜鎬у垎瀛愬湪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓殑绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)

2銆佹帉鎻★細鎵嬫€т腑蹇冪殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氬皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂斿拰鎵嬫€х殑姒傚康锛涘皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶鍙婃(g貌u)鍨嬬殑鍛藉悕锛涘皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涘娑堟棆楂�銆佸収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂旂殑姒傚康锛涙(g貌u)璞＄暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屾(g貌u)鍨嬬暟妲�(g貌u)

绗竷绔� 鑺抽鐑�

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1銆佽嫰鍙婂叾鍚岀郴鐗╋細鑻殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涜嫰琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涜嫰鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涗竴鍙栦唬鑻殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬椿鎬у拰瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛涜嫰鐨勫叾浠栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涚兎鍩鸿嫰鍋�(c猫)閺堢殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涢沟浠ｈ姵鐑�

2銆佸鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鍜岄潪鑻姵鐑达細绋犵挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇銆佽伅(li谩n)鑻�銆侀潪鑻姵鐑村強浼戝厠鐖捐(gu墨)鍓�

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鑻殑鍒嗗瓙杌岄亾妯″瀷锛岃捊鍜岃彶鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)

2銆佹帉鎻★細鑻殑鍔犳垚銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涘叡鎸珫灏�(du矛)瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰嬬殑瑙ｉ噵锛涚墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涜悩鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氳姵棣欐€х殑姒傚康锛涜嫰鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涜嫰鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂懡鍚嶏紱鑻殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥沟浠�銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�銆丗-C鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�锛涜Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涜姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛涜悩鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚�锛涜悩鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜伅(li谩n)鑻殑绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)锛涗紤鍏嬬埦瑕�(gu墨)鍓�

绗叓绔�  楣典唬鐑�

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1銆侀沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕

2銆侀沟浠ｇ兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

3銆侀沟浠ｇ兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

4銆侀沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗╃殑褰㈡垚

5銆佷箼鐑瀷鍜岀儻涓欏瀷楣典唬鐑�

6銆佸楣电兎鍜屾盁浠ｇ兎

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涘楣典唬鐑峰拰姘熶唬鐑�

2銆佹帉鎻★細楣典唬鐑风殑鍒嗛锛涜Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ拰娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭鐖�锛涙湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗╃殑褰㈡垚锛涢沟浠ｇ兎鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涗箼鐑瀷鍜岀儻涓欏瀷楣典唬鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佽嫰鐐�

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氶沟浠ｇ兎鐨勫垎椤炪€佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涜Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佹(j墨)鐞嗗強褰遍熆鍥犵礌锛涙秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婃秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨凷aytzeff瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛涙秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛汦2娑堥櫎鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)

绗節绔�  閱囥€侀厷鍜岄啔

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3銆侀唶鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氫竴鍏冮唶鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佷簩鍏冮唶鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堟哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀牷鍝唶閲嶆帓锛�

4銆侀唶鐨勫埗鍌欙細鐢辩儻鐑村埗鍌�銆侀沟鐑存按瑙ｃ€佹牸姘忚│鍔戣垏閱�銆侀叜鍔犳垚銆佹按瑙ｅ埗鍌�1º銆�2º銆�3º閱�

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3銆侀厷鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氫竴鍏冮厷鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涚憺绌�-姊浖鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾煰鐖炬煆-鏂瘑鐗瑰弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸倕鐟炴柉閲嶆帓銆佸厠钀婃．閲嶆帓锛涢厷鑸� FeCl3鐨勫憟鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

4銆侀厷鐨勫埗鍌欙細鐣颁笝鑻硶鍒跺倷閰氱瓑

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1銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕

2銆侀啔鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

3銆侀啔鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳┏楣界殑褰㈡垚銆侀啔閸电殑鏂疯銆佽嚜鍕�(d貌ng)姘у寲

4銆侀啔鐨勫埗鍌欙細閱囧垎瀛愰枔鑴按銆佸▉寤夊閬滃悎鎴愭硶

5銆佸啝閱�

6銆佺挵(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿锛氱挵(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺挵(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細纭啔

2銆佹帉鎻★細閱囪垏HX鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涘彇浠ｉ厷閰告€х殑瑙ｉ噵锛汣laisen閲嶆帓姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涢厷鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢啔鐨勮嚜鍕�(d貌ng)姘у寲銆佸啝閱�

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氶唶銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涙矮閸电殑姒傚康锛涗竴鍏冮唶鑸嘚a鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涘彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀敓鎴愮～閰搁叝锛岄唶鐨勬哀鍖栵紙Sarrett瑭﹀姂銆丣ones瑭﹀姂銆佹椿鎬nO2銆丱ppenauer姘у寲銆並MnO4銆並2Cr2O7/H2SO4锛�锛涗簩鍏冮唶鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄牷鍝唶閲嶆帓锛涢厷鐨勯吀鎬�锛涢厷鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涢厷閰殑褰㈡垚鍜孎ries閲嶆帓锛涢厷閱氱殑褰㈡垚鍜孋laisen閲嶆帓锛涢啔閸电殑鏂疯鍜岀儕楣界殑褰㈡垚锛涚挵(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿鐨勯枊鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆傞唶銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉�銆�

绗崄绔�  閱涘拰閰�

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆侀啗鍜岄叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�

2銆侀啗鍜岄叜鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

3銆侀啗鍜岄叜鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆乤-H鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栧拰閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸叾瀹冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)

4銆侀啗鍜岄叜鐨勫埗鍌欙細瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栨硶銆佸悜鍒嗗瓙涓洿鎺ュ紩鍏ョ景鍩�

5銆佷笉椋藉拰閱�銆侀叜锛歛,b-涓嶉＝鍜岄啗銆侀叜鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺儻閰�

6銆侀唽椤炲寲鍚堢墿锛氶洐閸电殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佺景鍩鸿垏姘ㄨ鐢熺墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�1,4-鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�1,6-鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細閱�銆侀叜鑸囨按鐨勫姞鎴愶紝缇ラ啗绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯吀鍌寲姗�(j墨)鐞�锛岄唽鐨�1,6-鍔犳垚锛涜仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)

2銆佹帉鎻★細閰告垨鍫垮偓鍖栦笅楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涚儻閰殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涢唽鐨勫懡鍚�锛涢唽鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氶啗銆侀叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶃€佽Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婃椿鎬э紙鑸嘓CN銆丯aHSO3銆丷MgX銆佹皑鐨勮鐢熺墿鐨勫姞鎴愶級锛涜Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞嗭紱缇ラ啗绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝垎瀛愰枔锛屽垎瀛愬収(n猫i)鍙婁氦鍙夌茎閱涚府鍚堬級鍙婂牽鍌寲姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涙哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛圞MnO4/H+锛汿ollens瑭﹀姂锛孎(xi脿n)ehling瑭﹀姂锛夊拰閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛圕lemmensen閭勫師锛學olff-Kishner-榛冮炒榫嶉倓鍘燂紝鍌寲姘寲锛孧eerwein-Ponndorf閭勫師锛涢噾灞矮鍖栫墿閭勫師鍙婄珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛涢叜鐨勯洐鍒嗗瓙閭勫師锛�锛涙鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛沇itting鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涢啗閰殑鍒跺倷鏂规硶锛汳annich鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛沘 ,b-涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰殑1,4鍜�1,2-鍔犳垚锛汳ichael鍔犳垚锛汥iels-Alder鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

绗崄涓€绔�    缇ч吀鍜屽彇浠ｇ晶閰�

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕

2銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

3銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岄吀鎬у強闆绘€ф晥鎳�(y墨ng)灏忕祼(ji茅)

4銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氭垚楣藉弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺晶鍩轰腑缇ュ熀鐨勫彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆乤-H鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佷簩鍏冮吀鐨勭啽瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)

5銆佸埗鍌欙細姘у寲娉�銆佽厛姘磋В娉曘€佹牸姘忚│鍔戠殑缇у寲銆佷笝浜岄吀閰悎鎴愭硶銆佷笉椋藉拰缇ч吀鐨勫埗鍌�

6銆佸彇浠ｇ晶閰革細楣典唬閰稿拰缇ュ熀閰哥殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀劙鍩哄弮鑸囨晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺茎鍩洪吀鐨勫埗鍌欍€侀厷閰�

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細a-H琚沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�

2銆佹帉鎻★細鍙栦唬鑺抽吀閰告€х殑瑙ｉ噵銆侀劙鍩哄弮鑸囨晥鎳�(y墨ng)

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氱晶閰稿強鍙栦唬缇ч吀鐨勫懡鍚�锛涚晶鍩虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涘奖闊跨晶閰搁吀鎬х殑鍥犵礌锛涚晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫舰鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄叝鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涢沟浠ｉ吀銆佺茎鍩洪吀鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛沚-缇板熀閰哥殑鑴晶锛涗簩鍏冮吀鍙楃啽鏅�(sh铆)鐨勮畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬶紱缇ч吀鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉�

绗崄浜岀珷  缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗�

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�

2銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

3銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氭按瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀唶瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹皑瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽垏鏈夋(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀叝缇у悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀叞鑳虹殑鐗规€�

4銆佸埗鍌欙細鐢辩晶閰稿埗鍌欍€佺敱缇ч吀鐨勮鐢熺墿闁撶浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖栧埗鍌�銆佺敱閰偀閲嶆帓鍒跺倷N-鍙栦唬閰拌兒

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

涓€銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細娌硅剛鍙婂叾鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸師閰搁叝

浜�銆佹帉鎻★細鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涚⒊閰歌鐢熺墿锛涢叝鐨勯吀鎬ф按瑙ｆ(j墨)鐞�

涓夈€侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氱晶閰哥殑琛嶇敓鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚�锛涚晶閰哥殑琛嶇敓鐗╃殑姘磋В銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€�锛涢叝鍫挎€ф按瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涢叝鑸囨牸姘忚│鍔戠殑鍔犳垚锛涚晶閰哥殑琛嶇敓鐗╃殑閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堟矮鍖栭嫲閶侀倓鍘�锛孯osenmund閭勫師锛孊ouveault-Blanc閭勫師锛夈€侀叞鑳虹殑 Hoffmann 闄嶈В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛汢eckmann閲嶆帓銆丅aeyer-Villiger姘у寲閲嶆帓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

绗崄涓夌珷 纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆乤-H鐨勯吀鎬у拰浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)

2銆佺府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氱茎閱涚府鍚堝瀷鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

3銆乥-浜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭兎鍩哄寲銆�?锛涱姮顕遍湼璇ら摚鑺嶆鑶�?y墨ng)鐢細涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝锛屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰�

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佹帉鎻＄景鍩篴-鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�銆�

2銆佹帉鎻＄府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�銆�

3銆佹帉鎻′箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰殑浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞″強閰稿紡銆侀叜寮忓垎瑙�銆�

4銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙Claisen閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝垎瀛愰枔鍙婂垎瀛愬収(n猫i)鐨凞ieckmann绺悎锛夊強姗�(j墨)鐞�锛汥arzen鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛汸erkin鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛汯noevenagel鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛汳ichael鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涗箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰€佷笝浜岄吀閰湪鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

绗崄鍥涚珷  鏈夋(j墨)鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�

銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�

1銆佺鍩哄寲鍚堢墿锛氶倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堥吀鎬�銆佷腑鎬у熀鍫挎€ч倓鍘�锛涜伅(li谩n)鑻兒閲嶆帓锛夈€佺鍩哄皪(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鏄犵殑褰遍熆銆佸惈a-H鐨勭鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)

2銆佽兒鐨勫垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕

3銆佽兒鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

4銆佽兒鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬牽鎬у拰閵ㄩ菇鐨勭敓鎴�銆佺茎鍩哄寲銆�?锛涱嚡绐侀厠锛�?銆佷簽纭濆寲銆佽姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸叾瀹冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)

5銆佽兒鐨勫埗娉曪細姘ㄦ垨鑳虹殑缇ュ熀鍖栥€佺鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘�銆佽厛鍜岄叞鑳虹殑閭勫師銆侀倓鍘熸皑鍖�銆侀湇澶浖闄嶈В銆佸姞甯冪憺鐖惧悎鎴愭硶銆佹浖灏煎笇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

6銆佸閵ㄩ菇鍜屽閵ㄥ牽鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)

7銆侀噸姘寲鍚堢墿鍜屽伓姘寲鍚堢墿锛氳姵棣欓噸姘菇銆佸伓姘寲鍚堢墿銆侀噸姘敳鐑�

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鍋舵爱鍖栧悎鐗╂€ц唱(zh矛)

2銆佹帉鎻＄鍩虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涚鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鍙婅兒鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛汼N2Ar锛涢噸姘菇鐨勫伓鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢噸姘菇鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢噸姘敳鐑风殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸崱璩�

3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙纭濆熀灏�(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婇劙銆佸皪(du矛)浣嶄笂鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鎬х殑褰遍熆鍜岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜伅(li谩n)鑻兒閲嶆帓鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涜兒鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲強鍛藉悕锛涜兒鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堝牽鎬у強鎴愰菇锛�?锛涱嚤鐩庨厠锛�?锛涗簽纭濆寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涜姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涜兒鐨勫埗娉�锛涚儻鑳虹殑鐑峰熀鍖栧拰閰板熀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)浠ュ強鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涘閵ㄩ菇鍜屽閵ㄥ牽鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛圚ofmann娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鑳虹祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娓畾涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢級锛涢噸姘菇鐨勫彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�

绗崄浜旂珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�

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1銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕

2銆佸叚鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鍚″暥锛屽柟鍟夊拰鐣板柟鍟�銆佸惈姘у叚鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)銆佸惈鍏╁€�(g猫)闆滃師瀛愮殑鍏厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)

3銆佷簲鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鍛嬪杻銆佸櫥鍚╁拰鍚″挴锛涘惈鍏╁€�(g猫)闆滃師瀛愮殑浜斿厓鐠�(hu谩n)锛氬惒鍝氬拰鍢屽懁

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夊惒鍝�銆佸槍鍛ょ殑姣嶆牳鍙婄法铏�(h脿o)銆�

2銆佹帉鎻″悺鍠冮叜鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛屽悺鍡�銆佸櫊鍡殑鍛藉悕锛屽槯鍟剁殑瑕浕鍙婅Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�3銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氬憢鍠�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍜殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涜姵棣欐€с€侀吀鍫挎€�銆佽Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涘憢鍠冪敳閱涚殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涘挭鍞�銆佸悺鍞�銆佸櫥鍞戠殑鍛藉悕锛屼簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涘惒鍝氱殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涘悺鍟剁殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅強鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涘柟鍟夊強鐣板柟鍟夌殑鍛藉悕鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涘柟鍟夌殑Skraup鍚堟垚娉�锛涘槯鍟剁殑鍚堟垚锛涘惒鍝氱殑Fischer鍚堟垚娉曘€�

绗崄鍏珷  绯栭

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2銆侀亥鑺界硸銆佺簴缍簩绯�銆佷钩绯�銆佽敆绯栫瓑浜岀硸鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

3銆佺挵(hu谩n)绯婄簿銆佹穩绮夈€佺簴缍礌鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�

1銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夌⒊姘村寲鍚堢墿(绯�)鐨勬兜缇�銆佸垎椤炪€佸瓨鍦�锛涘咕绋⒊姘村寲鍚堢墿(钁¤悇绯栥€佹灉绯�銆佽敆绯栦互鍙婃穩绮夈€佺簴缍礌)鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀敤閫�锛涚挵(hu谩n)绯婄簿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涙穩绮夌殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)锛涚簴缍礌绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽埄鐢�

2銆佹帉鎻-绯诲垪鍠硸鐨勯噸瑕佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堝柈绯栫殑宸悜鐣版(g貌u)鍖�銆佹哀鍖栬垏閭勫師銆佹垚鑴庡弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹垚鑻峰弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺硸鑴庤垏绯栬厵锛�锛涘柈绯栫殑鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岄張鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)浠ュ強宸悜鐣板寲浣滅敤鍜岃畩鏃嬪師鐞嗭紱閭勫師鎬ч洐绯�锛涢潪閭勫師鎬ч洐绯�

绗崄涓冪珷  姘ㄥ熀閰�

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绗崄鍏珷  钀滈鍜岀斁鏃忓寲鍚堢墿

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2銆佺斁楂斿寲鍚堢墿鐨勫熀鏈鏋跺強鍏剁法铏�(h脿o)銆佸懡鍚�銆佺斁鏃忓寲鍚堢墿鐨勬(g貌u)鍨嬪拰妲�(g貌u)璞�銆佽喗鍥洪唶銆�

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2銆佹帉鎻¤悳鐨勭祫鎴愬強鐣版垔浜岀儻瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛涚斁鏃忓寲鍚堢墿鐨勫熀鏈祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺法铏�(h脿o)銆佹(g貌u)鍨�銆�

绗崄涔濈珷 鍛ㄧ挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

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1銆侀浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

2銆佸垎瀛愯粚閬撳皪(du矛)绋卞畧鎭掑師鐞嗭細鍒嗗瓙杌岄亾銆佹垚閸佃粚閬撳拰鍙嶉嵉杌岄亾銆�1,3-涓佷簩鐑殑p闆诲瓙杌岄亾銆佸垎瀛愯粚閬撳皪(du矛)绋卞畧鎭掑師鐞�銆佸墠绶氳粚閬撶悊璜�銆侀浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭悊璜栬В閲�

3銆佺挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氱挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佺挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭悊璜栬В閲�

4銆乻-閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛歔1,j]閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆乕i,j]閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

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2銆佹帉鎻￠浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勮(gu墨)寰�锛涘父瑕媠-閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛圚鐨� [1,j]閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆丆鐨刐1,j]閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆丆laisen閲嶆帓銆丆ope閲嶆帓锛�

鍙冭€冩浉绫嶏細

[1] 闄告郡涓荤法锛涜儭婵わ紝闋�(xi脿ng)鍏変簽鍓富绶�锛涜憠鏇夐湠绛夌法.鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅) 绗�8鐗圼M].鍖椾含锛氫汉姘戣(w猫i)鐢熷嚭鐗堢ぞ.2016.

[2] 閭㈠叾姣呯瓑涓荤法.鍩虹(ch菙)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)绗�4鐗圼M].鍖椾含锛氬寳浜ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�.2016.

浜�.銆婅棩鐞嗗(xu茅)銆�

锛堜竴锛夌附璜栭儴鍒�

1.鎺屾彙钘ョ悊瀛�(xu茅)瑾茬▼鍙婂(xu茅)绉戠浉闂�(gu膩n)鍩烘湰姒傚康銆�

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3.鎺屾彙钘ヤ唬鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)姒傚康锛�

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锛堜簩锛夊悇璜栭儴鍒�

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锛堜笁锛夊(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐮旂┒閮ㄥ垎

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鑷ㄥ簥钘ョ悊瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒鏂规硶锛�

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