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瀛搁櫌鍚嶇ū(钃嬬珷)锛� 鏂囧闄�
瀛搁櫌璨犺铂浜�(绨藉瓧)锛�
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(绉戠洰浠g⒓锛�934)
涓€銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
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寮曡珫
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█瀛哥殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婁綔鐢�
1. 瑾炶█瀛哥殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鈶� 绨″柈瑾�锛岃獮瑷€瀛告槸灏嶈獮瑷€鐨勭瀛哥殑鐮旂┒銆�
鈶� 瑾炶█瀛告槸鐮旂┒瑾炶█鐝�(xi脿n)璞″強鍏惰(gu墨)寰嬬殑涓€闁€绀炬渻绉戝銆�
鈶� 鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ湅渚�锛岃獮瑷€瀛告槸灏嶈獮瑷€鐞嗚珫鐨勬帰绱㈠拰鐮旂┒锛屼篃鏄皪瑾炶█鐞嗚珫鐨勯棥杩�銆�
2. 瑾炶█瀛哥殑浣滅敤
鈶� 瑾炶█瀛告寚灏庢垜鍊戝缈掕獮瑷€銆�
鈶� 瑾炶█瀛哥殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉銆佺悊璜�銆佹柟娉�銆佸師鍓囩瓑鏄斂搴滃埗瀹氳獮瑷€鏂囧瓧鏀跨瓥鍜屾硶浠ょ殑渚濇摎(j霉)銆�
鈶� 鐩存帴淇冧娇淇℃伅铏曠悊宸ョ▼鐨勭櫦(f膩)鑲插拰椋涢€熺櫦(f膩)灞�銆�
鈶� 鎺ㄥ嫊鐩搁棞(gu膩n)瀛哥鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�锛屸€︹€︿簰鐐烘帹閫茬殑闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█瀛哥殑鍒嗛鍜岀櫦(f膩)灞曡定鍚�
1. 瑾炶█瀛哥殑鍒嗛
鈶� 寰炵爺绌惰寖鍦嶅垎椤�銆�
瀛哥鑼冨湇锛�
鏁撮珨鑸囧€嬪垾锛氭櫘閫氳獮瑷€瀛�銆佸叿楂旇獮瑷€瀛�
鏈珨鑸囬倞绶o細鑻辫獮瑾為煶瀛�銆佽獮瑷€蹇冪悊瀛�
鏁撮珨鑸囬儴闁€锛氭櫘閫氳獮瑷€瀛�銆佽獮闊冲鈥︹€�
鏅傞枔鑼冨湇锛� 姝锋檪瑾炶█瀛�銆佸叡鏅傝獮瑷€瀛�
鈶� 寰炵爺绌舵柟娉曞垎椤�
鎶借薄绋嬪害涓嶅悓锛氱悊璜栬獮瑷€瀛�銆佸韪愯獮瑷€瀛�
鎿嶄綔鏂规硶涓嶅悓锛氭弿瀵獮瑷€瀛搞€佽(gu墨)鑼冭獮瑷€瀛�
姣旇純瑾炶█瀛�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)鎻涜獮瑷€瀛�
鏅€氾紙涓€鑸級瑾炶█瀛革細缍滃悎鍚勭ó瑾炶█鐨勭爺绌舵垚鏋滐紝涓€鑸湴鐮旂┒瑾炶█鐨勬湰璩�(zh矛)銆佽捣婧愩€佺櫦(f膩)灞曞拰瑾為煶銆佽獮缇�銆佽獮娉曘€佽獮鐢ㄧ瓑瑾炶█鐨勫悇鍊嬫柟闈�锛岄倓鐮旂┒瑾炶█鐮旂┒鐨勭壒娈婃柟娉曚互鍙婅獮瑷€瀛稿湪绉戝楂旂郴涓殑鍦颁綅銆�
瑾炶█瀛告璜栧氨鏄櫘閫氳獮瑷€瀛告柟闈㈢殑鍩虹(ch菙)鐞嗚珫瑾�銆備富瑕佽瑳杩板熀鏈悊璜栧拰鍩烘湰鏂规硶銆�
2. 瑾炶█瀛哥殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡粚璺�
鈶� 寰炴浉闈㈣獮鐨勭爺绌跺埌鍙h獮鐨勭爺绌�銆�
鈶� 寰炲閮ㄧ爺绌讹紙鍖呮嫭澶栭儴瑕爆闂�(gu膩n)绯伙級鍒版湰楂旂爺绌讹紙鍖呮嫭鍏�(n猫i)閮ㄧ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯伙級銆�
鈶� 寰炴鍙茶(gu墨)瀹氬埌鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€鎻忓锛堜絾骞朵笉鏄拷鐣ヨ(gu墨)鑼冿級銆�
鈶� 寰炲柈涓€鍒板瀛哥鐮旂┒锛堝緸鏈珨鍒伴倞绶o級銆�
鈶� 寰炶〃灞ゅ埌娣卞堡銆�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█鐮旂┒鍜岃獮瑷€瀵﹁笎鐨勬寚灏庢€濇兂
1. 鍕炲嫊鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犺獮瑷€鏄敮涓€姝g⒑鐨勮В閲�
2. 鍘熷瑾炶█涓€闁嬪灏辨槸鏈夎伈瑾炶█
鎵嬪嫝瑾�銆佹棗瑾炵瓑锛屾槸鍦ㄧ壒娈婄挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑鍜屼竴瀹氳獮瑷€鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓婄敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑锛屾槸鏇村姞鍚庤捣鐨勪氦闅涘伐鍏�銆�
3. 棣厠鎬濅富缇╁摬瀛告槸涓€鍒囩瀛哥爺绌剁殑鍞竴姝g⒑鐨勬寚灏庢€濇兂銆傚敮鐗╄警璀夋硶浠ュ強瀵︿簨姹傛槸鐨勬柟娉曞強鎱�(t脿i)搴︼紝鏄獮瑷€鐮旂┒鐨�銆佷篃鏄獮瑷€鐞嗚珫瀛哥繏鐨勫熀鏈柟娉曞拰鎱�(t脿i)搴�銆�
绗竴绔� 瑾炶█瑙€蹇�
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 涓栫晫涓婄殑瑾炶█
1.姒傛硜
鈶� 2000~4000绋獮瑷€锛屾湁鏂囧瓧褰㈠紡鐨勭磩200绋€�
鈶� 閮ㄥ垎瑾炵ó绋爆涓嶆槑
鈶� 鑱�(li谩n)鍚堝湅宸ヤ綔瑾炶█锛� 鑻辫獮銆佹硶瑾�銆佽タ鐝墮瑾�銆侀樋鎷変集瑾炪€佹饥瑾�銆佷縿瑾�銆�
2. 涓栫晫瑾炶█鐨勮Κ灞垎椤�
鈶� 璀滅郴鍒嗛銆佺櫦(f膩)鐢熷鍒嗛銆�
鈶� 涔濆ぇ瑾炵郴锛氬嵃姝�銆佺儚鎷夌埦銆侀樋鐖炬嘲銆侀杻涓€鍚獮绯汇€佷紛姣斿埄浜炩€斺€旈珮鍔犵储瑾炵郴銆侀仈缇呮瘲鑽艰獮绯�銆佸崡宄惰獮绯�銆佸崡浜炶獮绯�銆佹饥钘忚獮绯汇€�
鈶� 婕㈣棌瑾炵郴鑸囧嵃姝愯獮绯荤殑涓昏鍗€(q奴)鍒ワ細鏈夊惁鑱茶(di脿o)锛涜獮娉曟墜娈垫槸瑾炲簭鍜岃櫅瑭為倓鏄鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)璁婂寲锛涜紩鑱�銆侀噸闊�锛涢噺瑭�銆�
3. 鍗版瓙瑾炵郴
4. 婕㈣棌瑾炵郴
鈶� 婕㈣獮锛屾饥鍥炴豢鐣€氱敤銆�
鈶� 澹緱锛屽/鍌h獮鏀細澹�銆佸竷渚�銆佸偅锛涗緱姘磋獮鏀細渚�銆佹按銆佷猾浣�銆佹瘺鍗椼€佹媺鐝�锛涢粠瑾炴敮锛屼弧浣獮鏀�銆�
鈶� 鑻楃懁锛岃嫍瑾炴敮锛氳嫍銆佸竷鍔紱鐟よ獮鏀細鍕�锛涚暚锛堝緟瀹氾級銆�
鈶� 钘忕番锛氳棌瑾炴敮锛氳棌銆佸槈鎴�銆侀杸宸�锛涙櫙闋楄獮鏀細鏅牀锛涘綕瑾炴敮锛氬倛鍍�銆佸搱灏笺€佹媺绁�銆佺磵瑗�銆佸熀璜�锛涚番瑾炴敮锛氳級鐡�銆侀樋鏄屻€傜彏宸�銆佸儨瑾炪€佺崹榫�銆佹€�銆佸湡瀹�銆佺櫧銆佺緦銆佹櫘绫宠獮锛岃獮鏀緟瀹�銆�
5. 涓栫晫瑾炶█鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗛銆佸舰鎱�(t脿i)瀛稿垎椤�
鈶� 瀛ょ珛瑾烇紝濡傛饥瑾�銆佽秺鍗楄獮銆佽嫍銆佸/銆佸綕绛�銆�
鈶� 绮樿憲瑾�锛屽湡鑰冲叾銆佺董鍚剧埦銆佽姮铇�銆佹棩銆佹湞绛�銆�
鈶� 灞堟姌瑾�锛屼縿瑾炪€佸痉瑾�銆侀樋鎷変集瑾炵瓑銆�
鈶� 澶氬紡缍滃悎瑾�锛屽鍔厠瑾�銆佸嵃绗畨瑾炵瓑銆�
6. 涓栫晫瑾炶█鐨勫彞娉曠壒寰佸垎椤�
鈶� 鍒嗘瀽瑾烇紙鐢ㄨ櫅瑭炶獮搴忚〃閬斿悇绋彞娉曢棞(gu膩n)绯伙級銆�
鈶� 缍滃悎瑾烇紙鐢ㄦ(g貌u)褰㈠舰鎱�(t脿i)琛ㄩ仈鍚勭ó鍙ユ硶闂�(gu膩n)绯伙級銆�
7. 涓湅鐨勮獮瑷€
鈶� 56鍊嬫皯鏃�锛�80浣欑ó瑾炶█銆�
鈶� 鏈夋饥钘�銆侀樋鐖炬嘲銆佸崡浜�銆佸崡宄讹紙棣締-娉㈤噷灏艰タ浜烇級銆佸嵃姝愪簲鍊嬭獮绯�銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 浜洪瑾炶█鐨勭壒榛�
1. 绀炬渻鎬�銆�
2. 姒傛嫭鎬с€�
3. 姘戞棌鎬�銆�
4. 绯荤当(t菕ng)鎬�銆�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 浜洪瑾炶█鑸囧嫊鐗╄獮瑷€鐨勬牴鏈崁(q奴)鍒�
1. 瑾炶█鑳藉姏鍜岃獮瑷€缈掑緱
2. 瑾炶█鏄叾浠栧嫊鐗╃劇娉曢€捐秺鐨勯椿婧�
3. 鏍规湰鍗€(q奴)鍒�
鈶� 鍠綅鐨勬槑鏅版€с€�
鈶� 浠绘剰鎬э紙鍙畩鎬ц垏涓嶈畩鎬э級銆�
鈶� 绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪簩灞ゆ€э紙闊充綅灞ゃ€佺铏熷堡锛�銆�
鈶� 闁嬫斁鎬с€�
鈶� 鍌虫巿鎬�銆�
鈶� 涓嶅彈鏅傚湴闄愬埗銆�
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█鐨勮捣婧�
1. 鍕炲嫊鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犱簡瑾炶█
2. 鍕炲嫊姹哄畾浜嗙敘(ch菐n)鐢熻獮瑷€鐨勯渶瑕佸拰鍙兘
绗簲绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█鐨勫姛鑳斤紙鑱疯兘锛�
1. 瑾炶█鏄汉椤炵ぞ鏈冩渶閲嶈鐨勪氦闅涘伐鍏�
鈶� 瑾炶█鍜岃█瑾炪€�
鈶� 瑾炶█鏄叏姘戠殑浜ら殯宸ュ叿銆�
鈶� 鍦ㄨ浜ら殯宸ュ叿涓獮瑷€鏄渶閲嶈鐨勪氦闅涘伐鍏枫€�
2. 瑾炶█鏄渶閲嶈鐨勬€濈董宸ュ叿
鈶� 鎬濈董闆笉闁嬭獮瑷€锛屾皯鏃�銆佺ぞ鏈冭獮瑷€鍥哄寲浜嗚獚璀樻垚鏋�锛屼竴鏃﹀浐鍖�锛屽氨鍙湪姝ゅ熀榛炰笂绻肩簩(x霉)瑾嶈瓨锛岃€屼笉蹇呭緸闋仛璧�銆備汉鍊戯紙鍊嬩汉锛夊瑭辩殑閬庣▼锛屽闅涗笂鏄獚璀樹笘鐣岀殑閬庣▼锛岀櫦(f膩)灞曟€濈董鑳藉姏鐨勯亷绋�銆�
鈶� 鎬濈董鏈夋娊璞�銆佸舰璞′箣鍒�锛岄兘鏄汉鐨勫ぇ鑵︾殑鏈夋剰璀樼殑娲诲嫊锛屾槸鍙︿竴绋ぞ鏈冪従(xi脿n)璞�銆傚舰璞℃€濈董鏅傦紝鍙互涓嶇敤瑾炶█銆備絾瑕佸皣鍏惰〃閬斿嚭渚�锛屼即闅ㄨ瑭辩殑鎬濈董鍗婚兘鏄娊璞$殑瑭炵殑鎬濈董銆�
鈶� 瑾炶█鑸囨€濈董鏄叐绋笉鍚岀殑绀炬渻鐝�(xi脿n)璞°€�
3. 瑾炶█鏄枃鍖栦俊鎭殑杓夐珨
鈶� 瑾炶█棣栧厛鏄氦闅涘伐鍏�锛屽叾娆℃槸鎬濈董宸ュ叿锛屼氦闅涚殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸紝鏄€濈董鐨勬垚鏋�锛屾槸淇℃伅銆傚嵆鎵€鏈夌殑鎰忕京銆佽獚璀�锛屽繀闋堜互瑾炶█浣滅偤瀹冪殑杓夐珨銆�
鈶� 瑷€瑾炰氦闅涳紝鏄俊鎭唬纰肩殑鎼伔鑸囦氦鎻�銆傚垎鐐虹法纰笺€佺櫦(f膩)閫�銆佸偝閬炪€佹帴鏀�銆佽В纰间簲鍊嬮殠娈碉紝瑾炶█鑷鑷崇祩鍙冭垏鍏ㄩ亷绋�锛岀暥鐒堕倓鍙互鐢辫獮瑷€鐨勪唬鐢ㄥ搧鈥斺€旀枃瀛椼€佸湒褰�銆佹暩(sh霉)纰�銆佽剤娌栫瓑浠g⒓褰㈠紡渚嗗弮鑸�銆�
鈶� 灏嶄竴鍊嬫皯鏃忎締瑾�锛岃獮瑷€鍙堟槸姘戞棌鐨勬鍙�銆佹枃鍖�銆佸偝绲�(t菕ng)銆佺繏淇�銆佸畻鏁欎俊浠�銆佺敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐭ヨ瓨绛夌瓑涓€鍒囦俊鎭殑杓夐珨銆�
鈶� 瑷堢畻姗熸槸浜洪鎬濈董鐨勫欢浼�锛屾帴鍙椾汉鐨勬寚浠や互閬嬭綁(zhu菐n)锛屼粛鐒朵互瑾炶█鐐鸿級楂�銆傝▓绠楁瑾炶█鍚戣嚜鐒惰獮瑷€闈犳攺锛屽洜姝ょ浜斾唬瑷堢畻姗熼棞(gu膩n)閸靛氨鍦ㄤ簬瑾炶█鐨勮瓨鍒ュ拰铏曠悊鏂归潰?锛熷仩顗ょ伨?锛岃獮瑷€鏄汉椤炵壒鏈夌殑浜ら殯宸ュ叿銆佹€濈董宸ュ叿銆佷汉椤炵ぞ鏈冨悇姘戞棌鏂囧寲淇℃伅鐨勬壙杓夊伐鍏枫€傝獮瑷€鏄ぞ鏈冮€叉銆佹皯鏃忕櫦(f膩)灞曠殑閲嶈鍥犵礌銆傝獮瑷€鍦ㄤ汉椤炵ぞ鏈冪殑褰㈡垚鍜岀櫦(f膩)灞曚腑璧蜂簡鑷抽棞(gu膩n)閲嶈鐨勪綔鐢�銆�
绗簩绔� 瑾炶█绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█鑸囪█瑾�
1. 瑾炶█鏄敱瑭炲尟鍜岃獮娉曟(g貌u)鎴愮殑绯荤当(t菕ng)
瑾炶█鏄敱瑭炲尟鍜岃獮娉曟(g貌u)鎴愮殑绯荤当(t菕ng)锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)涓殑姣忓€嬭獮瑷€鎴愬垎锛堝柈浣嶏級閮芥槸闊崇京绲�(ji茅)鍚堥珨銆傚熀鏈鍖拰瑾炴硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏄獮瑷€鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)锛屾焙瀹氫簡瑾炶█鐨勫熀鏈潰璨�銆�
2. 瑷€瑾炴槸瑾┍鍜屾墍瑾殑瑭�
瑷€瑾炴槸瑾┍锛堟垨?q奴)鎳介硯鈹栭€€顙唂鐨勮┍锛堝寘鎷涓嬩締鐨勮┍锛�锛屾槸灏嶈獮瑷€瑭炲尟鍜岃獮娉曠祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬噳鐢�銆�
3. 瑾炶█鑸囪█瑾炵殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�
瑾炶█瀛樺湪浜庤█瑾炰箣涓紝瑷€瑾炶〃閬旈洟涓嶉枊瑾炶█銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█鍠綅
1. 瑾炵礌
2. 瑭�
3. 鐭獮
4. 鍙ュ瓙
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 绗﹁櫉鑸囪獮瑷€绗﹁櫉
1. 绗﹁櫉
2. 瑾炶█绗﹁櫉
3. 瑾炶█绗﹁櫉鐨勭壒榛烇細
鈶� 浠绘剰鎬�銆�
鈶� 绶氭鎬�銆�
鈶� 寮峰埗鎬�銆�
鈶� 灞ゆ鎬�銆�
鈶� 绯荤当(t菕ng)鎬�銆�
鈶� 绀炬渻鎬�銆�
鈶� 姘戞棌鎬�
4. 瑾炶█鏄竴鍊嬭嚜瓒崇殑闁嬫斁鐨勭铏熺郴绲�(t菕ng)
鈶� 闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�
鈶� 灞ょ礆楂旂郴銆傚緸闊充綅鈫掕獮绱犫啋瑭炩啋鍙ュ瓙銆傚緸骞惧崄銆佹垚鍗冦€佹垚钀埌鐒$锛岄€欏氨鏄堡绱氶珨绯绘墍鎻愪緵鐨勫法澶ф晥鑳�銆傝獮瑷€灏辨槸鐢辫ū瑷卞澶氱铏熷拰绗﹁櫉鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯绘(g貌u)鎴愮殑绗﹁櫉绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽湪閫欏€嬪堡绱氶珨绯讳腑锛岃獮绱犳槸瑭炵殑妲�(g貌u)鎴愮殑姝峰彶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏉愭枡锛岃鏄煭瑾炵殑妲�(g貌u)鎴愬拰鍙ュ瓙妲�(g貌u)鎴愮殑鐝�(xi脿n)瀵︾祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏉愭枡銆傛(g貌u)瑭炶獮绱犳寜涓€瀹氳(gu墨)鍓囨鍙插湴妲�(g貌u)鎴愯锛岃鐝�(xi脿n)瀵﹀湴绲勫悎鎬у湴妲�(g貌u)鎴愮煭瑾炴垨鑰呭彞瀛�銆傛墍浠�锛岃鏄獮娉曢珨绯讳腑鐨勫垎姘村逗锛屾槸鏈€鍩烘湰鐨勭铏�锛屾槸鏈€闂�(gu膩n)閸电殑涓€绱氳獮瑷€鍠綅銆�
5. 绲勫悎闂�(gu膩n)绯诲拰鑱氬悎闂�(gu膩n)绯�
鈶� 绲勫悎闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
鈶� 鑱氬悎闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
鈶� 绲勫悎鍜岃仛鍚堥棞(gu膩n)绯绘槸瑾炶█绯荤当(t菕ng)涓叐绋牴鏈棞(gu膩n)绯汇€�
6. 鍒囧垎寰楀埌鐨勮獮瑷€澶у皬鍠綅
瑾炶█涓殑澶у皬鍠綅锛岄兘鏄緸瑾炴祦涓垏鍒嗗緱鍒扮殑銆傚垏鍒嗗嚭渚嗙殑鍠綅锛屽啀閫茶鍚屼竴銆佹骞�锛屾(g貌u)鎴愯獮瑷€涓殑鍩烘湰鍠綅鈥斺€旇銆傚垏鍒嗕腑锛岄鍏堜笩妫勪簡绲勫悎瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆傚垏鍒嗕腑锛屽叾娆′笩妫勪簡瑾炴埃銆佽獮瑾�(di脿o)绛夈€�
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷
1锛庤獮瑷€鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)瀛稿垎椤�
2锛庤獮瑷€鐨勫彞娉曠壒寰佸垎椤�
绗笁绔� 瑾炶█姗熷埗
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█姗熷埗
浜洪瑾炶█鐐轰綍濡傛缇庡鍦扮偤浜洪鐨勪氦闅涙湇鍕�锛熺瀛稿鍦ㄦ鏂归潰閭勬矑鏈夊畬鍏ㄨВ闁嬪叾涓殑濂х銆傛墍璎傝獮瑷€鐨勬鍒�锛屾槸鎸囦汉鍊戜娇鐢ㄨ獮瑷€閫茶瑷€瑾炰氦闅涙檪鎵€閬靛惊鐨勬渶鍩烘湰鐨勫師鍓�銆佸叕鐞嗘垨瑕�(gu墨)瀹�锛屾垨鑰呰鏄叾鏁撮珨鍙婂叾妲�(g貌u)鎴愯浠剁殑妲�(g貌u)閫�銆佸姛鑳姐€佸伐浣滃師鐞�锛屼篃鍗宠獮瑷€鏄浣曢亱杞�(zhu菐n)鐨勮(gu墨)寰�銆傞櫎浜嗙祫鍚堣(gu墨)寰嬨€佽仛鍚堣(gu墨)寰嬮€欏叐姊濇牴鏈(gu墨)寰嬩互澶�锛岄倓鍙互鏈変互涓嬪咕鍊嬫柟闈㈢殑瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶細瑾為煶鑱借鲸姗熷埗锛岃獮缇╃悊瑙f鍒�锛岃獮娉曠祫鍚堟鍒讹紝瑾炵敤鎺ㄧ悊姗熷埗锛岃獮澧冮檺鍒舵鍒讹紝瑾炶█婕旇畩瑕�(gu墨)寰嬬瓑銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 瑾炵京鐞嗚В姗熷埗
1. 闋愯ō姗熷埗
鈶� 瀹氱京銆�
鈶� 渚嬭瓑銆�
鈶� 闋愯ō鐞嗚珫鐨勪締婧�銆�
鈶� 浣滅敤銆�
鈶� 鍒嗛锛氱禃灏嶉爯瑷�锛岀浉灏嶉爯瑷�銆�
鈶� 闂�(gu膩n)绯伙細姊濅欢闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽墠鎻愭浠躲€侾 涓嶅瓨鍦�锛屽墖 A 蹇呬笉瀛樺湪锛孭 鐐篈鐨勫繀瑕佹浠躲€傚锛氬嫉涓夌殑鍝ュ摜鍙堣卜浜嗕竴寮垫瀛�銆傚鏋淧锛堝嫉涓夌殑鍝ュ摜浠ュ墠璨烽亷妗屽瓙锛変笉瀛樺湪锛岄偅涔� A 锛堝嫉涓夌殑鍝ュ摜鍙堣卜浜嗕竴寮垫瀛愶級蹇呬笉瀛樺湪銆�
2. 鎺掗櫎姗熷埗銆�
3. 瑁滃劅姗熷埗銆�
4. 澶氫綑姗熷埗銆�
5. 椤炴帹姗熷埗銆�
6. 灏嶇ū姗熷埗銆�
7. 缍�(j墨ng)婵熸鍒�銆�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█姗熷埗鐨勭煕鐩鹃棞(gu膩n)绯�
1. 瑾炶█鏄悇绋煕鐩惧皪绔嬬殑绲�(t菕ng)涓€楂�
瑾炶█涔熸槸涓€灏嶅皪鐭涚浘灏嶇珛鐨勭当(t菕ng)涓€楂�銆傜煕鐩惧皪绔嬬殑鍚勫€嬫柟闈㈠叡铏曚簬涓€鍊嬬当(t菕ng)涓€楂斾腑锛屽父甯稿悓鏅傝捣浣滅敤锛屾槸鍚勭ó鐭涚浘鐨勫皪绔嬪拰绲�(t菕ng)涓€锛屾槸鍚勭ó鐭涚浘鐨勭浉浜掑埗绱勫拰鍏卞悓鐧�(f膩)灞�锛屽緸鑰屾(g貌u)鎴愬苟璞愬瘜鍜岀櫦(f膩)灞曚簡瑾炶█绯荤当(t菕ng)銆�
2. 鐭涚浘灏嶇珛闈㈠強鍏剁浉浜掍綔鐢�
鍚勭ó鐭涚浘灏嶇珛闈㈠強鍏剁浉浜掍綔鐢�,鏄(g貌u)鎴愯獮瑷€姗熷埗鐨勯噸瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹�銆�
绗洓绔� 瑾為煶鍘熺悊
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 瑾為煶鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
1. 鐗╃悊灞€�
2. 鐢熺悊灞€�
3. 蹇冪悊灞€�
4. 绀炬渻灞€�
绀炬渻灞€ф槸瑾為煶鐨勬湰璩�(zh矛)灞€�銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 瑾為煶鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑涓€鑸師鐞�
1. 瑾為煶鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鐗╃悊姗熷埗
鈶� 涓€瀹氳唱(zh矛)閲忓拰涓€瀹氭暩(sh霉)閲忕殑鎸嫊寮曡捣鐨勮伈娉㈢殑鍌虫挱銆�
鈶� 鑷敱鎸嫊鑸囧彈杩尟鍕�銆�
鈶� 闋荤巼闊挎噳銆�
鈶� 闊虫尝銆�
鈶� 绨″柈娉㈣垏寰╁悎娉�銆�
鈶� 寰╁悎娉㈠彲鍒嗙偤鍛ㄦ湡娉�銆侀潪鍛ㄦ湡娉�銆�
鈶� 鍩洪牷鑸囪娉€€�
鈶� 妯傞煶鑸囧櫔闊�銆傦紙鍛ㄦ湡娉€€侀潪鍛ㄦ湡娉�銆傦級
鈶� 鍏冮煶鑸囪紨闊炽€�
鈶� 闊抽珮銆侀煶寮枫€侀煶闀疯垏闊宠唱(zh矛)銆�
2. 瑾為煶鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鐢熺悊姗熷埗
鈶� 鐧�(f膩)闊冲櫒瀹�銆�
鈶� 鑱茶兘鑸囦汉灏嶅懠鍚搁亱鍕曠殑瑾�(di脿o)瑙c€�
鈶� 鑱插付闊虫尝鏄獮闊崇殑鍘熷鑱叉尝銆�
鈶� 鑱插付闋荤巼銆�
鈶� 瑾為煶銆�
鈶� 鍜借厰銆�
鈶� 鍙h厰鐨勮伈瀛镐綔鐢細妯傞煶鐨勮伈婧�锛屽櫔闊崇殑鑱叉簮銆�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 瑾為煶鐨勫咕绲勫熀鏈蹇�
1. 闊崇瘈(ji茅)
2. 闊崇礌
3. 闊虫
4. 鏂规硶
5. 閮ㄤ綅
6. 闊冲緛
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 鐧�(f膩)闊虫柟娉�
1. 杓旈煶
鈶� 闃荤鏂瑰紡锛氬闊�銆佹摝闊�銆佸鎿﹂煶銆侀~闊�銆侀杻闊�銆侀€氶煶銆�
鈶� 姘f祦鏄惁閫氶亷榧昏厰锛氶蓟闊�銆佸彛闊�銆�
鈶� 鑱插付鎸嫊鑸囧惁锛屾竻闊�銆佹縼闊�銆�
鈶� 姘f祦鏈夊惁寮峰急涔嬪垾锛岄€佹埃闊�銆佷笉閫佹埃闊炽€�
鈶� 鍏朵粬闄勫姞鐗瑰緛锛岃叚鍖栭煶锛屽攪鍖栭煶锛岃垖鏍瑰寲闊�銆�
鈶� 杓旈煶琛�銆�
2. 鍏冮煶
鈶� 鑸岄潰鍏冮煶銆�
鈶� 鑸屽皷鍏冮煶銆�
鈶� 鍏掑寲鍏冮煶銆侀蓟鍖栧厓闊�銆�
鈶� 鑸岄潰鍏冮煶鍦�銆�
绗簲绡€(ji茅) 闈為煶璩�(zh矛)瑕佺礌
1. 鑱茶(di脿o)
2. 杓�銆侀噸闊�
3. 闀�銆佺煭闊�
4. 瑾炶(di脿o)
绗簲绔� 闊充綅绯荤当(t菕ng)
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 闊充綅鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
1. 闊充綅鏄爆浜庝竴瀹氳獮瑷€鐨�
2. 闊充綅鍏锋湁鍗€(q奴)鍒ユ剰缇╃殑浣滅敤
3. 闊充綅鏄渶灏忕殑瑾為煶鍠綅
4. 闊崇礌鍜岄煶浣嶇殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�
5. 闊崇礌鑸囬煶浣嶇殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�
6. 闊充綅璁婇珨
7. 闊充綅鐨勫垎椤�
鈶� 闊宠唱(zh矛)闊充綅锛屼竴鑸敤鈥滈煶浣嶁€濅締鎸囩ū锛屽張绋遍煶娈甸煶浣嶃€�
鈶� 闈為煶璩�(zh矛)闊充綅锛岀敱瑭炰腑闊抽珮銆侀煶寮�銆侀煶闀锋(g貌u)鎴愮殑闊充綅鍙仛闈為煶璩�(zh矛)闊充綅锛屼篃绋辩偤瓒呴煶娈甸煶浣�锛屽寘鎷(di脿o)浣嶃€侀噸浣�銆佹檪浣�銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 闊充綅鐨勫皪绔嬪師鍓�
1. 灏嶇珛 / 涓嶅皪绔�
2. 闊充綅灏嶇珛鐨勭ó绋儏娉侊紙褰㈠紡锛�
鈶� 闆欓倞鑸囧閭�銆�
鈶� 骞宠灏嶇珛鑸囧绔嬪皪绔�銆�
鈶� 鐭涚浘灏嶇珛鑸囩▼搴﹀皪绔�銆�
3. 闊充綅璨犳摂
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 闊充綅鐨勫叾浠栧師鍓�
1. 浜掕鍘熷墖
2. 姝峰彶鍘熷墖
3. 鍕荤ū鍘熷墖
4. 缍�(j墨ng)婵熷師鍓�
5. 鐩镐技鍘熷墖
6. 浜掓贩鍘熷墖
7. 绯荤当(t菕ng)鍘熷墖
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 闊充綅璁婇珨
1. 姝哥磵姒傛嫭
鐞嗚珫涓婅瑳锛屼换浣曚竴鍊嬮煶浣�锛岀禃灏嶄笉鏈冨彧鏈変竴鍊嬭畩楂�銆佸叐鍊嬭畩楂斻€備絾鎴戝€戝父甯稿張鑱藉埌閫欓瑾硶锛屼簨瀵︿笂锛岄€欏凡缍�(j墨ng)鏄皪璁婇珨鐨勬绱嶅拰姒傛嫭銆�
2. 甯哥敤璁婇珨
涓嶅繀鍗€(q奴)鍒嗗吀鍨嬭畩楂�锛屼絾鍙互鏈夊父鐢ㄩ潪甯哥敤涔嬪垎銆�
3. 璁婇珨閲嶅悎
涓€鍊嬮煶浣嶇殑璁婇珨锛屽彲鑳戒篃鏄彟涓€鍊嬮煶浣嶇殑璁婇珨銆傚洜鐐虹櫦(f膩)闊冲崁(q奴)鍩熷彲鑳芥湁鐩镐氦閲嶅悎鐨勬儏娉併€傚洜姝�锛屽彧鐪嬩竴鍊嬭畩楂旂殑鎯呮硜锛屾槸鐒℃硶纰哄畾瀹冩槸灞簬閭e€嬮煶浣嶇殑锛岄渶瑕佽€冨療瀹冪殑鍏ㄩ儴璁婇珨銆�
绗簲绡€(ji茅) 鍗€(q奴)鍒ョ壒寰�
1. 鏈夐樆 / 鐒¢樆
2. 榧婚煶 / 鍙i煶
3. 鍞囬煶 / 鑸岄煶
4. 鑸屽皷 / 鑸岄潰
5. 濉為煶 / 鎿﹂煶
6. 閫佹埃 / 涓嶉€佹埃
7. 鍓� / 鍚�
8. 楂� / 浣�
9. 鍦� / 灞�
10. 娓� / 婵�
11. 闁� / 闁�
12. 鍗� / 闄�
绗叚绡€(ji茅) 闊充綅绯荤当(t菕ng)
1. 姣忎竴绋皯鏃忚獮瑷€鐨勯煶浣嶈嚜鎴愮郴绲�(t菕ng)
闊充綅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰寘鎷細
鈶� 鍏ㄩ儴闊宠唱(zh矛)闊充綅鍜岄潪闊宠唱(zh矛)闊充綅銆�
鈶� 闊充綅鐨勪富瑕佽畩楂斿強鍏跺嚭鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬浠�銆�
鈶� 闊充綅涔嬮枔鐨勮仛鍚堥棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
鈶� 闊充綅鍜岄煶浣嶇殑绲勫悎闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�
2. 鐝�(xi脿n)浠f饥瑾為煶浣嶇郴绲�(t菕ng)
婕㈣獮涓�10鍊嬪厓闊抽煶浣�锛�22鍊嬭紨闊抽煶浣嶏紝39鍊嬮熁浣�锛�4鍊嬭(di脿o)浣�銆�
3. 鑱氬悎闂�(gu膩n)绯�
浠ユ饥瑾� / p p鈥� m t t鈥� n k k鈥�ŋ / 鐐轰緥锛�
p p鈥� m
t t鈥� n
k k鈥� ŋ
姗湅锛屽畠鍊戜箣闁撶殑灏嶇珛鏄櫦(f膩)闊虫柟娉曠殑灏嶇珛锛屽悓鏅傚張浠ョ櫦(f膩)闊抽儴浣嶇殑鐩稿悓鑰屽舰鎴愰洐鍞囬煶銆佽垖灏栭煶銆佽垖鏍归煶涓夌祫锛涜睅鐪嬶紝鏄櫦(f膩)闊抽儴浣嶇殑灏嶇珛锛屽悓鏅傚張浠ョ櫦(f膩)闊虫柟娉曠殑鐩稿悓鑰岀祫鎴愪笉閫佹埃濉為煶銆侀€佹埃濉為煶銆侀蓟闊充笁绲勩€�
4. 绲勫悎闂�(gu膩n)绯�
鍚勮獮瑷€闊充綅绲勫悎鐨勬儏娉�锛屽彈瑭茶獮瑷€闊充綅绲勫悎瑕�(gu墨)寰嬬殑褰遍熆鑰屼笉鍚�锛屽畠鍖呮嫭瑭茶獮瑷€鎵€鏈夐煶浣嶇祫鍚堢殑鑼冨湇鍜屼綅缃�銆�
婕㈣獮涓紝杓旈煶闊充綅闄や簡[ n ] [ŋ ]澶�锛屽彧鍑虹従(xi脿n)浜庨煶绡€(ji茅)鐨勯枊闋紱鑻辫獮涓櫎浜哰 h ] [ŋ ]鍙嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜庨煶绡€(ji茅)鐨勯牠灏惧锛屽叾浠栫殑鍙互鍑虹従(xi脿n)浜庨煶绡€(ji茅)涓枔鐨勪笉鍚屼綅缃�銆傜祫鍚堢殑鑼冨湇锛屽婕㈣獮涓�锛�/ f / 鍙嫾鍚堝彛鍛奸熁姣嶇瓑锛堝弮闁便€婃饥瑾炶伈闊婚厤鍚堣〃銆嬶級銆傝嫳瑾炰腑锛孾s][i]鍙互绲勫悎锛屽锛� see [si: ] 鐪嬭锛沞ast [i:st ] 鏉辨柟銆�
绗竷绡€(ji茅) 瑾炴祦闊宠畩
1. 鍚屽寲
2. 鐣板寲
3. 鎻涗綅
4. 寮卞寲
5. 鑴惤
6. 鍔犻煶
绗叚绔� 瑾炵京绯荤当(t菕ng)
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 瑾炵京绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰鍩烘湰鏂规硶
1锛庤獮缇╁柈浣嶏細瑾炵礌锛堢京绱狅級銆佽锛堢京浣嶏級銆佺煭瑾烇紙缇╁彚锛�銆佸彞瀛愶紙缇╁彞锛夈€�
2锛庤獮绱犵殑纰鸿獚
鈶� 瑾炵礌銆佽銆佺煭瑾炵殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆�
鈶� 鍗€(q奴)鍒嗚獮绱犵殑鏂规硶锛氳獮绱犲垎鍓诧紱瑾炵礌姝稿苟锛堝悓涓€锛�锛涜獮绱犲垎椤炪€�
3. 瑭炵殑纰鸿獚
鈶� 瑭炴槸涓€鍊嬬浉灏嶆蹇�銆�
鈶� 鐢ㄦ摯灞曟硶鍗€(q奴)鍒嗚銆�
鈶� 瑭炵敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鏂规硶銆�
鈶� 瑭炵殑鍚屼竴銆�
鈶� 瑭炵殑鍒嗛銆傚垎椤炴柟娉曞緢澶氾紝寰炶鍖湴浣�銆佸緸闊崇瘈(ji茅)鐨勩€佽獮绱犵殑銆佹墍鎸囩殑銆佺京闋呯殑銆侀棞(gu膩n)绯荤殑銆佺繏鐢ㄧ殑銆佽獮楂旂殑鈥︹€︿絾鏈€涓昏鐨勬槸瀹冪殑瑾炴硶鍒嗛銆�
4. 鐭獮鐨勮瓨鍒�
鈶� 鑷ㄦ檪绲勫悎銆�
鈶� 鍥哄畾绲勫悎銆�
5. 瑾�
鏈夌殑瑾炵瓑鍚屼簬鐭獮銆佽锛屽鐔熻獮涓殑鎴愯獮锛涙湁鐨勮獮绛夊悓浜庡彞瀛�锛屽嵆缈掔敤绋嬪害寰堥珮鐨勫彞瀛愶細淇楄獮銆佹瓏鍚庤獮銆佽瑾�銆佹牸瑷€銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 瑭炲尟
1. 瑭炵殑绺藉尟
瑭炲尟鏄敱瑾炶█绗﹁櫉妲�(g貌u)鎴愮殑绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽彨鍋氱附鍖�銆�
2. 鍩烘湰瑭炲尟
瑭炲尟涓�锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑锛堝叏姘戝父鐢ㄦ€с€佸唬娉涙€э級銆佽畩鍖栦笉澶х殑锛堢┅(w臎n)瀹氭€э級銆佹湁寰堝挤妲�(g貌u)瑭炶兘鍔涚殑瑭炲彨鍋氬熀鏈鍖�锛屽叾涓兘鐢�(ch菐n)鎬у緢楂樼殑鍙仛鏍硅銆�
3. 涓€鑸鍖�
瑾炶█瑭炲尟涓熀鏈鍖互澶栫殑瑭炴(g貌u)鎴愯獮瑷€鐨勪竴鑸鍖�銆�
4. 楂橀牷瑭�
瑭炲尟閭勫彲浠ヤ互鍏舵垚鍝$殑缈掔敤闋诲害鍒嗙偤楂橀牷瑭炲拰闈為珮闋昏锛堜綆闋昏锛夈€傚崁(q奴)鍒嗛珮浣庨牷瑭�锛屼富瑕佹槸楂橀牷瑭烇紝灏嶄俊鎭檿鐞�銆佽獮鏂囨暀瀛稿緢鏈夋剰缇�銆�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 瑭炵京
1. 瑭炵京鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
2. 瑭炵京鐨勯鍨�
3. 瑭炵京鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
4. 缇╀綅鍜屽缇╄
鈶� 浣滃搧缇�銆佸彞缇ょ京銆佺京鍙�銆佺京鍙€€佺京浣�銆佺京绱狅紝閮芥槸涓嶅悓澶у皬鍜岀礆鍒ョ殑瑾炵京鍠綅銆�
鈶� 鍙湁涓€鍊嬬京浣嶇殑瑭炴槸鍠京瑭烇紝鏈夊叐鍊嬫垨鍏╁€嬩互涓婄京浣嶇殑鏄缇╄銆�
鈶� 缇╁緛鍒嗘瀽銆�
5. 瑾炵京鍫�
鈶� 瀹氱京锛氳獮缇╁牬鏄惈鏈夊叡鍚岀殑鏍稿績缇╃礌鐨勪竴绲勭京浣�銆傚皪鍚嶈渚嗚锛屾寚鏈€閯拌繎鐨勯灞京绱�锛涘皪鍕曡渚嗚锛屾寚琛ㄧず鍕曚綔鐨勭京绱�锛涘皪褰㈠瑭炰締瑾�锛屾寚灞€ф墍鎸囩殑鏂归潰銆傛墍璎傝獮缇╁牬锛屽氨鏄互鏌愪竴姒傛嫭鐨勮獮缇╃偤鏍稿績锛屽悓鍏朵粬鑸囦箣鏈夎伅(li谩n)绯荤殑瑾炵京鎵€褰㈡垚鐨勮獮缇╄寖鍦�銆�
鈶� 瑾炵京鍫寸殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶珨绯绘€�锛涗緷瀛樻€э紱宸暟鎬�锛涘堡绱氭€�銆�
鈶� 瑾炵京鍫寸殑椤炲瀷锛氬垎椤炵京鍫�锛涢爢搴忕京鍫达紱闂�(gu膩n)绯荤京鍫�锛涘弽缇╃京鍫达紱鍚岀京缇╁牬銆�
6. 瑾炵京鍫寸殑鏂囧寲鑳屾櫙
7. 瑾炲灏嶈缇╃殑闄愬埗
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 鍙ョ京
1. 瀹氱京锛�
鍙ョ京锛岀京鍙�锛屾槸涓€瀹氳獮澧冧笅锛屼竴瀹氳獮姘�銆佽獮瑾�(di脿o)涓�锛屽悇鍊嬬京浣嶃€佺京鍙㈢浉浜掑埗绱�銆佺浉浜掍綔鐢ㄨ€岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鎰忕京銆傛槸鍚勭ó瑕佺礌鐨勭稖鍚堣〃鐝�(xi脿n)銆�
2. 缇╁彞鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�
鈶� 鎵€鎸囩ū鐨勪簨鐗╁強鍏剁祼(ji茅)鎴愮殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
鈶� 瑾┍浜哄皪閫欎簺浜嬬墿鍙婂叾闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑绺界殑鎱�(t脿i)搴︺€�
3. 缇╁彞鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
4. 缇╁彞鐨勯鍨�
绗竷绔� 瑾炴硶绯荤当(t菕ng)
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 瑾炴硶鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
1. 瑾炴硶鐨勫咕鍊嬪熀鏈蹇�
鈶� 瑾炴硶鏄粈涔�锛�
鈶� 瑾炴硶鍠綅銆�
鈶� 瑾炴硶鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�銆傚垎鐐鸿娉曞拰鍙ユ硶銆�
鈶� 瑾炴硶褰㈠紡銆佽獮娉曟剰缇�銆佽獮娉曟墜娈�銆佽獮娉曡寖鐤�銆�
鈶よ娉曡垏鍙ユ硶鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙細瑭炵附鏄互纰哄畾鐨勮獮娉曞舰寮忛€插叆鍙ュ瓙锛涚祫瑭炴垚鍙ョ殑鏌愪簺鐗归粸姹哄畾浜庤娉�锛涜娉曡垏鍙ユ硶浜掔偤瑁滃厖锛屽淇勮獮鐨勫彞娉曚緷璩翠簬瑭炴硶锛屾饥瑾炵殑鍙ユ硶鍙堟湁寰堝ぇ鐨勭崹绔嬫€�銆�
2. 瑾炴硶鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
鈶� 姒傛嫭鎬с€�
鈶� 绯荤当(t菕ng)鎬�銆�
鈶� 姘戞棌鎬�銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 瑾炴硶鎵嬫
1. 澶栭儴闄勫姞
2. 鍏�(n猫i)閮ㄥ眻鎶�
3. 鐣版牴
4. 閲嶉煶
5. 閲嶇枈
6. 铏涜
7. 瑾炲簭
8. 瑾炶(di脿o)
9. 闆跺舰寮�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 瑾炴硶鑼冪枃
1. 鎬�
2. 鏁�(sh霉)
3. 鏍�
4. 鏅�
5. 楂�
6. 鎱�(t脿i)
7. 寮�
8. 浜虹ū
9. 绱�
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 瑾炴硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
1. 瑾炴硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
瑭炲収(n猫i)鐨勮娉曠祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛堥€欐槸姝峰彶鐨勶級锛屽閮ㄧ殑鍙ユ硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛堥€欐槸鐝�(xi脿n)瀵︾殑锛屾槸瑾炶█浣跨敤鐨勫闅涢亷绋嬶級銆傝獮娉曠祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閫氬父鎸囩煭瑾炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽彞瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
2. 瑾炴硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬剰缇�
鎸囪鍦ㄧ祫鍚堜腑鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鍚勭ó绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紝閫欎簺闂�(gu膩n)绯诲舰鎴愪簡瑾炴硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬剰缇�銆傝獮娉曟剰缇╁垎鐐猴細
鈶� 椤€э細涓昏瑐銆佸嫊璩撯€︹€�
鈶� 闅辨€э細鏂戒簨銆佸彈浜�銆佸嫊浣溾€︹€�
3. 瑾炴硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫舰寮�
鈶� 绶氭鎬�銆�
鈶� 灞ゆ鎬�銆�
4. 瑭炴(g貌u)
鈶� 瑭炵殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍠綅锛氳鏍广€佽缍�銆佽骞�銆佽灏锯€︹€�
鈶� 瑭炵殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏂瑰紡锛氬京鍚堝紡銆佹淳鐢熷紡銆�
鈶� 瑭炵殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯伙細涓昏瑐鈥︹€�
5. 鍙ユ(g貌u)
鈶� 鍠彞銆�
鈶� 寰╁彞銆�
绗簲绡€(ji茅) 瑾炴硶鏂规硶鍜岃獮娉曠悊璜�
瑾炴硶鏂规硶鍜岃獮娉曠悊璜栵紝鍙互绲�(t菕ng)绋辩偤鏂规硶銆傚鏋滃啀鍒�锛屾妸閭d簺灏堥杸鍒嗘瀽瑭炴(g貌u)鍙ユ(g貌u)鐨勬柟娉曞彲浠ョū涔嬬偤鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶銆佹搷浣滄柟娉曠瓑锛涜€屽皥闁€鐮旂┒灏嶅悇绋獮娉曠従(xi脿n)璞$殑瑾嶈瓨銆佽В閲嬬殑锛屽彲浠ョū涔嬬偤瑾炴硶鐞嗚珫銆佺悊璜栨柟娉曠瓑?锛熸ⅱ鍝塮锛屼竴鍊嬪彧璨犺铂鎿嶄綔锛屼竴鍊嬩笉鍍呰矤璨搷浣滆€屼笖閭勮矤璨獚鐭�銆�
1. 鎿嶄綔鏂规硶
鎸囧皪瑾炴硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閫茶鍒嗘瀽鐨勫悇绋悇妯g殑鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶銆傞€氬父鏈変互涓嬪咕绋細
鍒嗗竷鍒嗘瀽锛堟弿瀵級娉�
灞ゆ鍒嗘瀽娉�
璁婃彌鍒嗘瀽娉�
2. 鐞嗚珫鏂规硶
鍦ㄨ獮娉曠爺绌堕亷绋嬩腑锛岄€愭几褰㈡垚鐨勫皪鏌愮ó瑾炴硶鐝�(xi脿n)璞′簣浠ヨВ閲嬬殑鏂规硶銆傞€氬父鎸囦互涓嬪咕绋細
姝峰彶姣旇純
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑾炴硶
鍏辨檪鎻忓
鐢熸垚瑾炴硶
绯荤当(t菕ng)瑾炴硶
鏍艰獮娉�
灞ゆ瑾炴硶
閰嶅児瑾炴硶
鍔熻兘瑾炴硶鈥︹€�
绗叚绡€(ji茅) 鍙ュ瓙鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶鍜屾缇╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫垎鍖�
1. 鍒嗗竷鍒嗘瀽娉�
2. 灞ゆ鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶
3. 璁婃彌鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶
4. 瑭辫獮姝х京鐨勬秷闄ゆ柟娉�
鈶� 瑾為珨涓嶅悓鍙兘鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸缇┿€�
鈶� 澶氱京瑭炰篃鍙兘寮曡捣姝х京銆�
鈶� 瑾炴硶绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓嶅悓锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熸缇�銆�
鈶� 瑾炵京绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓嶅悓涔熷彲鑳界敘(ch菐n)鐢熸缇�銆�
绗竷绡€(ji茅) 鐝�(xi脿n)浠f饥瑾炶獮娉曠郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭壒榛�
1. 姘戞棌瑾炶█瑾炴硶鐨勫叡鎬�
2. 鐝�(xi脿n)浠f饥瑾炶獮娉曠殑鐗归粸
绗叓绔� 瑾炶█鐨勮獮鐢ㄥ钩闈�
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 瑾炵敤鍜岃獮鐢ㄥ
1. 灏嶈獮鐢ㄥ鐨勭啊鍠В閲�
2. 瑾炵敤瀛哥殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷拰鐧�(f膩)灞�
鈶� 瑾炵敤瀛告簮浜庤獮瑷€鍝插瀹惰帿閲屾柉銆佸崱鐖剧磵鏅瓑瀛歌€呭皪瑾炶█鐨勬帰绱�銆�
鈶� 瑾炵敤瀛哥殑鐧�(f膩)灞�銆傚崱鐖剧磵鏅殑瀛哥敓宸寸埦-甯屽嫆鐖撅紙Bar-Hillel 1911-1960) 1954骞存彁鍑鸿獮鐢ㄥ鐨勫叿楂旂爺绌跺皪璞℃槸鎸囧紩瑭炶獮銆傝嫳鍦嬬殑濂ф柉姹€(John Langxhaw Austin)1955骞存彁鍑鸿█瑾炶鐐虹悊璜�銆傜編鍦嬬殑鏍艰炒鏂�(H.P.Grice)1967骞存彁鍑烘渻瑭卞惈缇╃悊璜栦互鍙婂悎浣滃師鍓囷紙閬╅噺銆佽唱(zh矛)鐪熴€佺浉闂�(gu膩n)銆佹柟寮忥級銆傜編鍦嬬殑濉炵埦锛圝ohn R. Searle)1969 骞淬€婅█瑾炶鐐恒€�銆�1975骞淬€婇枔鎺ヨ█瑾炶鐐恒€嬩娇涔嬬郴绲�(t菕ng)鍖�銆佸畬鍠勫寲銆傚ェ鏂眬鍜屽鐖剧殑鐨勮█瑾炶鐐虹悊璜�锛屾牸璩存柉鐨勬渻瑭卞惈缇╃悊璜栨垚鐐鸿獮鐢ㄥ鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栥€�1977骞�锛屻€婅獮鐢ㄥ闆滃織銆嬪湪鑽疯槶鐨勯樋濮嗘柉鐗逛腹姝e紡鍑虹増鐧�(f膩)琛岋紝鏄獮鐢ㄥ鎴愮偤瑾炶█瀛哥殑涓€闁€鐛ㄧ珛鐨勬柊鑸堝绉戠殑閲嶈妯欏織銆�
鈶� 瑾炵敤瀛哥殑瀹屽杽銆�20涓栫磤80骞翠唬浠ュ悗锛岃獮鐢ㄥ寰楀埌閫蹭竴姝ョ殑绯荤当(t菕ng)鍖栥€佸畬鍠勫寲銆備富瑕佽〃鐝�(xi脿n)鐐猴細1983骞村垪鏂囨.锛圫tephen C.Levinson锛夈€婅獮鐢ㄥ銆嬪拰鍒╁銆婅獮鐢ㄥ鍘熷墖銆嬨€�1986骞�锛屽湅闅涜獮鐢ㄥ瀛告渻鎴愮珛銆�1987骞�锛屽垪鏂囨.鎻愬嚭鏂版牸璩存柉鏈冭┍鍚京鐞嗚珫锛岃寖鍙斿€€婅獮鐢ㄥ锛氳獮瑷€閬╂噳鐞嗚珫銆�銆�1993骞存锛� Jacob L. Mey 锛� 銆婅獮鐢ㄥ姒傝珫銆�銆�1995骞存墭棣柉锛圱homas锛夈€婅█瑾炰氦闅涗腑鐨勬剰缇╋細瑾炵敤瀛告璜栥€�銆�1996骞村挨鐖撅紙George Yule锛夈€婅獮鐢ㄥ銆嬨€�21涓栫磤瑾炵敤瀛哥爺绌舵垚鐐鸿獮瑷€鐮旂┒鐨勪富娴�銆�
3. 瑾炵敤瀛哥殑瀛哥灞€�
4. 瑾炵敤瀛哥殑瀹氱京
瑾炵敤瀛哥爺绌跺湪涓嶅悓瑾炲涓┍瑾炴剰缇╃殑鎭扮暥?sh霉)涔囩_鍜屾簴纰哄湴鐞嗚В锛屽皨鎵惧苟纰虹珛浣胯┍瑾炴剰缇╁緱浠ユ伆鐣�?sh霉)涔囩_鍜屾簴纰哄湴鐞嗚В鐨勫熀鏈師鍓囧拰婧栧墖銆傜爺绌跺湪涓嶅悓鐨勮獮瑷€浜ら殯鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧腑濡備綍鐞嗚В鍜岄亱鐢ㄨ獮瑷€锛屽寘鎷┍瑾炵殑瀛楅潰鎰忕京鍜岃槉娑垫剰缇�锛屼互鍙婂彲鑳界敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鏁堟灉鐨勫绉戝氨鏄獮鐢ㄥ銆�
5. 鐮旂┒鏂规硶
鈶� 绱旇獮鐢ㄥ銆傜敤鐞嗚珫鐨勭爺绌舵柟娉�锛岀爺绌惰獮鐢ㄥ鐨勫舰寮忓拰鑼冪枃锛岀爺绌惰獮鐢ㄥ褰㈠紡鍖栫殑鏈€閬╁疁鐨勬柟娉�銆�
鈶� 鎻忓瑾炵敤瀛�銆傜敤鎻忓鐨勭爺绌舵柟娉曪紝鎻忓浜哄€戜締鑷嚜鐒惰獮瑷€鐨勭稉(j墨ng)椹楀拰閬嬬敤鍘熷墖銆�
鈶� 鎳夌敤瑾炵敤瀛搞€傝垏瀵︾敤绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛岀爺绌惰獮瑷€鏁欏銆佷汉姗熷皪瑭便€佷汉宸ユ櫤鑳�銆佷笉鍚岃獮瑷€鐨勫皪姣旂爺绌剁瓑銆�
6. 瑾炵敤瀛哥殑鐮旂┒鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鈶� 瑾炲銆�
鈶� 鎸囩ず瑭炶獮銆�
鈶� 鏈冭┍鍚京銆�
鈶� 闋愯ō銆�
鈶� 瑷€瑾炶鐐恒€�
鈶� 鏈冭┍绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
7. 鐞嗚珫鎰忕京鍙婂鐢ㄥ児鍊�
鍙爺绌惰獮瑷€绯荤当(t菕ng)銆佽獮瑷€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏄笉澶犵殑銆傞倓蹇呴爤灏嶈獮瑷€鐨勫闅涗娇鐢ㄩ€茶鐮旂┒銆傝獮鐢ㄥ鐮旂┒鐐鸿█瑾炰氦闅涗腑瑭辫獮鎰忕京鐨勬伆鐣惰〃閬斿拰婧栫⒑鐞嗚В鎻愬嚭浜嗙悊璜�銆佹柟娉�銆佸師鍓�銆佹簴鍓�锛屾湁鍒╀簬鎻愰珮浜哄€戠殑瑾炵敤鑳藉姏鍜岃獮瑷€淇(y菐ng)銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 瑷€瑾炶鐐猴紙鐩存帴鐨�銆侀枔鎺ョ殑锛�
1. 琛ㄨ堪鎬ц鐐�
2. 鏂界偤鎬ц鐐�
3. 鎴愪簨鎬ц鐐�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 瑷€瑾為亷绋�
1. 鐩存帴鍛介鏂界偤鎰忕京
2. 闁撴帴鍛介鏂界偤鎰忕京
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 鍚堜綔鍘熷墖銆佹渻瑭卞惈缇╁強瑾炵敤鎺ㄧ悊
1. 鍚堜綔鍘熷墖鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�
鈶� 鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勫悎浣滃師鍓�銆�
鈶� 绮剧鐨勫悎浣滃師鍓�銆�
2. 鏈冭┍鍚京鑸囪(gu墨)绱勫惈缇�
鈶犳渻瑭卞惈缇�銆備竴鑸惈缇╋細鍦ㄧ湡瑾犻伒瀹堝悎浣滃師鍓囩殑鍩虹(ch菙)涓婃帹灏庡嚭渚嗙殑瑾炵敤鍚京銆傦紙閫欐槸鍩烘湰鐨�銆傦級鐗规畩鍚京锛氬湪鐗规畩鐨勮獮澧冧腑閫氶亷鏁呮剰閬曞弽鍚堜綔鍘熷墖鑰屾帹灏庡嚭渚嗙殑瑾炵敤鍚京銆�
鈶¤(gu墨)绱勫惈缇�銆傚畠涓嶅爆浜庤獮鐢ㄥ惈缇╋紝鑰屾槸灞簬瑾炵京鍚京銆傚畠鑸囨槸鍚﹂伒瀹堝悎浣滃師鍓囩劇闂�(gu膩n)锛屼篃涓嶄緷璩翠簬瑾炲锛屾槸鍙ュ瓙鐨勮鎴栫煭瑾炵殑鎰忕京锛屼織绋卞瓧闈㈡剰缇╋紝鏈夋柊鑸婁俊鎭�銆佽〃缇�銆佸惈缇╋紙鑳屾櫙闋愯ō銆佸墠鏅槉鍚級绛夛紝鏄獮缇╁涓墍瑾殑鍙ュ瓙鐨勭铏熻垏鐝�(xi脿n)瀵︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯诲拰鎰忕京銆�
3. 瑾炵敤鎺ㄧ悊鑸囬倧杓帹鐞�
鈶� 閭忚集鎺ㄧ悊銆�
鈶� 瑾炵敤鎺ㄧ悊銆�
绗簲绡€(ji茅) 瑾炲浣滅敤
1. 瑾炲鍥犵礌
涓昏鐨�銆佸瑙€鐨勩€佺洿鎺ョ殑銆侀枔鎺ョ殑銆佽獮瑷€鐨�銆侀潪瑾炶█鐨勭瓑绛�銆�
2. 瑾炲鐨勪綔鐢�
闄愬畾浣滅敤銆佽(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)浣滅敤銆佺敓鎴愪綔鐢ㄣ€佺⒑瀹氫綔鐢�銆佽瓒充綔鐢ㄣ€�
绗叚绡€(ji茅) 瑾炵敤鎶€宸ц垏涓嶈櫈鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
1. 瑾炵敤鎶€宸�
瑾炵敤鎶€宸ф槸鎸囧湪瑷€瑾炰氦闅涢亷绋嬩腑瑾┍鑰呬竴鏂圭偤闋愭湡鐨勮█瑾炴晥鏋滅殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸墍閲囩敤鐨勪竴绯诲垪鐨勬柟娉曞拰鎵嬫銆備竴鑸湁锛氳獮纰艰綁(zhu菐n)鎻涖€侀檺鍒惰寖鍦�銆侀噸寰╄鍏�銆佹彌鐢ㄨ┍椤屻€佹挀褰庡瓙銆佷笅绲�(ji茅)璜栫瓑鏂规硶銆�
2. 涓嶈櫈鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
瑾炵京灞ょ殑涓嶈櫈鐝�(xi脿n)璞″拰瑾炵敤灞ょ殑涓嶈櫈鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆傝獮缇╃殑锛岀敱濮嬫枡涓嶅強鐨勬矑鏈夊強鏅傛帓闄ょ殑鍙ュ瓙姝х京鎵€鐢�(ch菐n)鐢燂紝瑾炵敤鐨�锛岀敱瑾炵敤澶辫鑰岀敘(ch菐n)鐢�銆�
绗節绔� 瑾炶█鐨勬紨璁�
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 瑾炶█婕旇畩鐨勫師鍥犲拰鐗归粸
1. 浠€涔堟槸瑾炶█鐨勬紨璁�锛�
鈶� 瑾炶█瑕佺礌鐨勬鍙茶畩鍖�銆�
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