2021骞�婀栧崡甯寖澶у(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗

鑰冭│绉戠洰浠ｇ⒓锛歔848]               鑰冭│绉戠洰鍚嶇ū锛氭湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)

涓€銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹硅垏鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

绗竴绔�  绶掕珫

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

鐔熸倝鍜屾帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鍜屾蹇�锛屼互鍙婃湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚銆佸垎闆㈠拰鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶锛屼簡瑙ｆ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)閸�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛屾帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚銆佸垎闆㈠拰鍒嗘瀽鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶锛屼簡瑙ｆ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)灞曟柟鍚戝強鍏舵湭渚�锛岃兘鍒╃敤鎵€瀛�(xu茅)鐨勬湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)瑙ｆ焙鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚銆佸垎闆㈠拰鍒嗘瀽鏂归潰鐨勫(sh铆)闅涘晱椤�銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1. 鎺屾彙鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鍜屾蹇�锛�

2. 浜嗚В鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚銆佸垎闆㈠拰鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶锛�

3.浜嗚В鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╂€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)閸佃垏鍏跺弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎬ц兘鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛�

4. 浜嗚В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛�

5锛庢帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚銆佸垎闆㈠拰鍒嗘瀽鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶锛�

6.浜嗚В鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)灞曟柟鍚戝強鍏舵湭渚�銆�

7锛庤兘鍒╃敤鎵€瀛�(xu茅)鐨勬湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)瑙ｆ焙鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚銆佸垎闆㈠拰鍒嗘瀽鏂归潰鐨勫(sh铆)闅涘晱椤�

绗簩绔�  鐑风兇

     鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

甯歌鐑峰熀鐨勪腑鑻辨枃鍚嶇ū锛屽懡鍚嶆硶(IUPAC)锛屽悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紝鐑风兇鍒嗗瓙鐨勬垚閸垫柟寮�锛岄€忚寮忓拰绱愭浖鎶曞奖寮忕殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛屾哺榛�(di菐n)銆佺啍榛�(di菐n)銆佺浉灏�(du矛)瀵嗗害鍜屾憾瑙ｅ害锛岄沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞�锛岀鍖�銆佺：鍖栥€佹哀鍖�銆佺暟妲�(g貌u)鍖�銆佽鍖�銆佽瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.鎺屾彙甯歌鐑峰熀鐨勪腑鑻辨枃鍚嶇ū銆�

2.鎺屾彙鍛藉悕娉�(IUPAC)銆�

3.鎺屾彙娆″簭瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆�

4.鐞嗚В鐑风兇鍒嗗瓙鐨勬垚閸垫柟寮�銆傛帉鎻￠€忚寮忓拰鎶曞奖寮忕殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆�

5.浜嗚В娌搁粸(di菐n)銆佺啍榛�(di菐n)銆佺浉灏�(du矛)瀵嗗害鍜屾憾瑙ｅ害鐨勪竴鑸(gu墨)寰�銆�

6.鎺屾彙楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞�銆�

7.鐭ラ亾纭濆寲銆佺：鍖�銆佹哀鍖�銆佺暟妲�(g貌u)鍖�銆佽鍖�銆佽瑙ｇ瓑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

8.浜嗚В鐑风兇鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)楂旂噧鐕掔啽鍊煎拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�

绗笁绔�  鐑兇

    鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屜€閸电殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛岄爢鍙嶅懡鍚嶆硶锛孼/E妯�(bi膩o)瑷樻硶锛屽懡鍚嶏紝鐢辩儻鐑寸殑鐕冪噿鐔辨垨姘寲鐔辨帹娓�(c猫)鍏剁浉灏�(du矛)绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛岀儻鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽偓鍖栧姞姘垏浣嶉樆鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛岀儻鐑寸殑瑕浕鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬姞楣电礌銆佸姞楣靛寲姘�銆佸拰纭吀鐨勫姞鎴�銆佸姞姘�銆佹憾鍔戞睘鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸姞娆￠沟閰�锛岀儻鐑寸殑鑷敱鍩哄姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀儻鐑村姞鎴愮殑瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛屽弽棣皬瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛岀〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀儻鐑寸殑姘у寲锛屛遍沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀景鍩哄悎鎴�銆傜儻鐑寸殑鍚堟垚銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屜€閸电殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�

2.鎺屾彙闋嗗弽鍛藉悕娉�锛孼/E妯�(bi膩o)瑷樻硶銆�

3.浜嗚В鐢辩儻鐑寸殑鐕冪噿鐔辨垨姘寲鐔辨帹娓�(c猫)鍏剁浉灏�(du矛)绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆�

4. 鐞嗚В鐑兇鐨勮Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

5. 鐞嗚В鐑兇鐨勮嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

6. 鐞嗚В鐑兇鍔犳垚鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰�銆�

7. 鎺屾彙棣皬瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧拰鍙嶉Μ姘忚(gu墨)鍓�銆�

8. 浜嗚В鐑兇鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

10. 鎺屾彙伪楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

11.鎺屾彙鐑兇鐨勫埗娉�銆�

绗洓绔� 鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

鍙侀嵉鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)锛岀倲鐑寸殑鍛藉悕锛圛UPAC锛�锛岀倲鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛孡indlar鍌寲鍔戝姞姘殑绔嬮珨閬告搰鎬�锛岀倲鐑寸殑瑕浕鍔犳垚锛堝姞楣电礌銆侀沟鍖栨矮銆佹按锛夊拰瑕牳鍔犳垚锛岀〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾哀鍖栭倓鍘�锛岃仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽弫閸电⒊涓婃矮鍘熷瓙鐨勬椿娼戞€э紝鐐旂兇鐨勫埗娉�銆備簩鐑兇鐨勫垎椤�锛屽叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛�1锛�4锛嶅姞鎴愬拰闆欑儻鍚堟垚锛堢珛楂斿皥涓€鎬х殑闋嗗紡鍔犳垚锛�锛屼簩鐑兇鐨勮仛鍚�銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В鍙侀嵉鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�

2.鎺屾彙鐐旂兇鐨勫懡鍚嶏紙IUPAC锛夈€�

3.鐭ラ亾鐐旂兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�

4.鐭ラ亾Lindlar鍌寲鍔戝姞姘殑绔嬮珨閬告搰鎬�銆�

5.鐞嗚В鐐旂兇鐨勮Κ闆诲姞鎴愶紙鍔犻沟绱犮€侀沟鍖栨矮銆佹按锛夈€�

6.鐭ラ亾鐐旂兇鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴�銆�

7.鐭ラ亾鐐旂兇鐨勭〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熴€佽仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

8.鎺屾彙鍙侀嵉纰充笂姘師瀛愮殑娲绘綉鎬�銆�

9. 鎺屾彙鐐旂兇鐨勫埗娉�銆�

10.浜嗚В浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆�

11.鐞嗚В鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

12.鐔熺反鎺屾彙1锛�4锛嶅姞鎴愬拰闆欑儻鍚堟垚锛堢珛楂斿皥涓€鎬х殑闋嗗紡鍔犳垚锛�銆�

13.鐭ラ亾浜岀儻鐑寸殑鑱氬悎銆�

绗簲绔�  鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫畾缇�锛岄爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛岄洐鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍛藉悕锛� Baeyer寮靛姏瀛�(xu茅)瑾紝褰遍熆鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╃┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑鍥犵礌锛岀挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎妞呭紡妲�(g貌u)璞＄殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛屽钩浼忛嵉鍜岀洿绔嬮嵉鐨勭暙娉�锛岀挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎妞呭紡妲�(g貌u)璞＄殑缈昏綁(zhu菐n)鍜屽彇浠ｇ挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鏈€绌�(w臎n)瀹氭(g貌u)璞＄殑纰哄畾銆傚崄姘寲钀樼殑妲�(g貌u)璞�銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫畾缇�銆�

2.鎺屾彙闆欑挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍛藉悕銆�

3.浜嗚ВBaeyer寮靛姏瀛�(xu茅)瑾�銆�

4. 鎺屾彙褰遍熆鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╃┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑鍥犵礌銆�

5.鎺屾彙鐠�(hu谩n)宸辩兎妞呭紡妲�(g貌u)璞＄殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛屽钩浼忛嵉鍜岀洿绔嬮嵉鐨勭暙娉�銆�

6.浜嗚В鐠�(hu谩n)宸辩兎妞呭紡妲�(g貌u)璞＄殑缈昏綁(zhu菐n)鍜屽彇浠ｇ挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鏈€绌�(w臎n)瀹氭(g貌u)璞＄殑纰哄畾銆�

 7锛庝簡瑙ｅ崄姘寲钀樼殑妲�(g貌u)璞°€�

绗叚绔� 鑺崇兇

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

鑻殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽叡鎸珫鐨勮(gu墨)瀹�锛岃姵鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堝伌(c猫)閲嶆姌鍏夌巼锛�锛岃姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶沟浠�銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�銆佸紬鈥斿厠鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傚伌(c猫)閺堜笂鐨勯沟浠ｅ拰姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞劙灏�(du矛)浣嶅畾浣嶅熀鍜岄枔浣嶅畾浣嶅熀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屽叾灏�(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)鐨勬椿鍖栧拰閳嶅寲锛岃嫰鐨勪簩鍏冨彇浠ｇ墿鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰�锛屽畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬬殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傝伅(li谩n)鑻強绋犵挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鐨勫懡鍚嶅拰鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岃悩銆佽捊銆佽彶鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃姵鎬т互鍙婁竴浜涙湁鎵嬫€х殑鑺崇兇銆備紤鍏嬬埦瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛岀挵(hu谩n)涓佷簩鐑拰鐠�(hu谩n)杈涘洓鐑殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀挵(hu谩n)涓欑儻姝ｉ洟瀛�銆佺挵(hu谩n)鎴婁簩鐑矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佺挵(hu谩n)杈涘洓鐑矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佽吉鐑殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.鐞嗚В鑻殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

    2.鐭ラ亾鍏辨尟璜栫殑瑕�(gu墨)瀹�銆�

    3.鐭ラ亾鑺崇兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�

    4.鐔熺反鎺屾彙鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婄殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

5浜嗚В鍋�(c猫)閺堜笂鐨勯沟浠ｅ拰姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

    6. 浜嗚В閯板皪(du矛)浣嶅畾浣嶅熀鍜岄枔浣嶅畾浣嶅熀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)锛岀悊瑙ｅ叾灏�(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)鐨勬椿鍖栧拰閳嶅寲銆�

7. 鎺屾彙鑻殑浜屽厓鍙栦唬鐗╃殑瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰�銆�

8. 浜嗚В钀�銆佽捊銆佽彶鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃姵鎬т互鍙婁竴浜涙湁鎵嬫€х殑鑺崇兇銆�

9. 鎺屾彙瑙ｄ紤鍏嬬埦瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧強鑺冲悜鎬с€�

10. 鐠�(hu谩n)涓欑儻姝ｉ洟瀛�銆佺挵(hu谩n)鎴婁簩鐑矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佺挵(hu谩n)搴氫笁鐑闆㈠瓙銆佺挵(hu谩n)杈涘洓鐑矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佽吉鐑殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

绗竷绔� 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄殑鍒嗛娉�锛屽垎瀛愮殑鎵嬫€э紝灏�(du矛)鏄犻珨锛屽垎瀛愮殑鍥涚ó灏�(du矛)绋卞洜绱狅細灏�(du矛)绋遍潰銆佸皪(du矛)绋变腑蹇冦€佸皪(du矛)绋辫桓銆佹洿鐤婂皪(du矛)绋辫桓锛屾棆鍏夋€�銆佹棆鍏夊害銆佹瘮鏃嬪厜搴�锛屽娑堟棆楂斿拰鍏�(n猫i)娑堟棆楂�锛岃不(f猫i)姝囩埦鎶曞奖寮忕殑鎶曞奖鍘熷墖锛孯/S妯�(bi膩o)瑷樻硶锛屽惈涓€鍊�(g猫)銆佸叐鍊�(g猫)鎴栦笁鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勭珛楂旂暟妲�(g貌u)锛岀挵(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绔嬮珨鐣版(g貌u)锛屼笉鍚墜鎬х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛堟墜鎬т腑蹇�銆佸叾瀹冩墜鎬у師瀛愩€佷笝浜岀儻鍨嬪寲鍚堢墿銆佽伅(li谩n)鑻瀷锛夈€傚埗鍌欐墜鎬у寲鍚堢墿鐨勬柟娉曞強鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)鍦ㄧ爺绌惰嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄沟绱犺垏鐑兇鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼涓噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В鍒嗗瓙鐨勬墜鎬�锛屽皪(du矛)鏄犻珨銆�

2.浜嗚В鍒嗗瓙鐨勫洓绋皪(du矛)绋卞洜绱狅細灏�(du矛)绋遍潰銆佸皪(du矛)绋变腑蹇�銆佸皪(du矛)绋辫桓銆佹洿鐤婂皪(du矛)绋辫桓銆�

3.鐞嗚В鏃嬪厜鎬�銆佹棆鍏夊害銆佹瘮鏃嬪厜搴︺€佸娑堟棆楂斿拰鍏�(n猫i)娑堟棆楂旂殑娑电京銆�

4.鎺屾彙璨�(f猫i)姝囩埦鎶曞奖寮忕殑鎶曞奖鍘熷墖鍜孯/S妯�(bi膩o)瑷樻硶銆�

5.鎺屾彙鍚竴鍊�(g猫)銆佸叐鍊�(g猫)鎴栦笁鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勭珛楂旂暟妲�(g貌u)銆�

6. 浜嗘彙鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绔嬮珨鐣版(g貌u)銆�

7.浜嗚В涓嶅惈鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛堟墜鎬т腑蹇�銆佸叾瀹冩墜鎬у師瀛�銆佷笝浜岀儻鍨嬪寲鍚堢墿銆佽伅(li谩n)鑻瀷锛�銆�

8. 浜嗚В鍒跺倷鎵嬫€у寲鍚堢墿鐨勬柟娉曘€�

9. 鎺屾彙鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)鍦ㄧ爺绌惰嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄沟绱犺垏鐑兇鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼涓噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

绗叓绔� 楣典唬鐑�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

楣典唬鐑寸殑鏅€氬懡鍚嶆硶锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉�锛岄沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫垎椤炲拰鍒舵硶銆傞沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹椿娼戦噾灞殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傝Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛歋N1鍜孲N2鍏╃ó姝风▼鐨勫奖闊垮洜绱�锛孲N1鍜孲N2鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛岄洟瀛愬皪(du矛)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭紝閯板熀鍙冭垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗗強鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗐€傛秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛欵2鍜孍1鍏╃ó姝风▼鐨勫奖闊垮洜绱�锛孍2鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩熼伕鎿囨€э紝E2鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В楣典唬鐑寸殑鏅€氬懡鍚嶆硶锛屾帉鎻＄郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉�銆�

2.鐔熸倝楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜屽埗娉�銆�

3.鎺屾彙楣典唬鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�

4.鐞嗚ВSN1鍜孲N2鍏╃ó姝风▼鐨勫奖闊垮洜绱�銆�

5.鎺屾彙SN1鍜孲N2鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

6.鐞嗚В娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛欵2鍜孍1銆�

7.鎺屾彙E2鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩熼伕鎿囨€�銆傛帉鎻2鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

8.浜嗚В闆㈠瓙灏�(du矛)姗�(j墨)鐞嗐€�

9.浜嗚В閯板熀鍙冭垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�銆�

10.浜嗚В鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗐€�

绗節绔� 閱囧拰閰�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

閱囩殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽垎椤�锛屽懡鍚�锛屾矮閸靛皪(du矛)鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊匡紝閱囩殑楣典唬銆佽劔姘淬€侀叝鍖�銆佹哀鍖�銆佽劔姘瓑鍩烘湰鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽彇浠ｅ拰娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓殑閲嶆帓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄牷鍝唶閲嶆帓銆傞唶鐨勫埗娉曪細鐧�(f膩)閰垫硶銆侀沟浠ｇ兇姘磋В銆佺儻鐑村姞鎴愶紝鍙婄敱鏍煎紡瑭﹀姂鎴栭啗閰埗鍌�銆�1锛�2锛嶄簩閱囩殑鍒舵硶銆傞厷鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽懡鍚�锛屽埗娉曪紝鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岄厷鐨勯吀鎬э紝閰氱茎鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄厷鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞厷鐨勫埗鍌�銆佷締婧愬拰鐢ㄩ€�銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В閱囩殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炪€傛帉鎻￠唶鐨勫懡鍚嶏紙IUPAC锛夊拰鍒舵硶銆�

2.鐞嗚В姘嵉灏�(du矛)娌搁粸(di菐n)鍜屾憾瑙ｅ害鐨勫奖闊�銆�

3.鎺屾彙閱囩殑楣典唬銆佽劔姘�銆侀叝鍖�銆佹哀鍖栫瓑鍩烘湰鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�

4.浜嗚В閱囧彇浠ｅ拰娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓殑閲嶆帓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

5. 鎺屾彙闋诲摢閱囬噸鎺�銆�

6.鎺屾彙閱囧埗娉曪紙楣典唬鐑存按瑙�锛岀敱鐑兇銆佹牸寮忚│鍔�銆侀啗銆侀叜鍚堟垚閱囷級銆�

7.浜嗚В1锛�2锛嶄簩閱囩殑鍒舵硶銆�

8.鐞嗚В閰氱殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾帉鎻￠厷鐨勫懡鍚嶅拰鍒舵硶銆�

9.鎺屾彙閰氱茎鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄厷鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

10.浜嗚В閰氱殑鍒舵硶鍜岀敤閫斻€�

绗崄绔� 閱氬拰鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

閱氱殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�锛岄啔鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛岄啔鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氫蒋楣界殑褰㈡垚銆侀啔閸电殑鏂疯銆侀亷姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛屽厠钀婃．閲嶆帓锛岄啔鐨勫埗鍌欙細閱囧垎瀛愰枔鑴按銆佸▉寤夊閬滃悎鎴愭硶銆佺兎姘ф睘鍖�-鑴睘鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佷箼鐑熀閱氬埗娉曘€傚啝閱氱殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚�銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽悎鎴愶紝鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿锛氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸埗娉曘€佺浉闂�(gu膩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婇枊鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛岄枊鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.鎺屾彙鍚勭ó鍛藉悕娉�銆�

2.鐞嗚В閱氱殑鍒舵硶锛氶唶鍒嗗瓙闁撹劔姘淬€佸▉寤夊閬滃悎鎴愭硶銆佺兎姘ф睘鍖�-鑴睘鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

3.浜嗚В閱氱殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�

4.鎺屾彙閱氱殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氱敓鎴�     楣姐€侀啔閸电殑鏂疯銆侀亷姘у寲鐗╃殑褰㈡垚銆佸厠钀婃．閲嶆帓銆�

5.浜嗚В鍐犻啔鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶃€佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽悎鎴�銆�

6. 鎺屾彙鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿闁嬬挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞�銆侀枊鐠�(hu谩n)鏂瑰悜鍜岀珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

7浜嗚В 鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿鐨勫埗娉�銆�

绗崄涓€绔� 閱涘拰閰�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

閱涢叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�锛岄啗閰殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岄啗閰殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽垏姘ㄨ鐢熺墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屛�-H鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸叾浠栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傜景鍩哄姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆傞啗閰殑鍒跺倷锛氱倲鐑寸殑姘村悎锛岃優浜岄沟浠ｇ墿鐨勬按瑙�锛岀敱鐑兇銆佽姵閰兇鍜岄唶鍒跺倷锛屽倕-鍏嬮叞鍩哄寲锛岃搵寰锋浖-鏌但鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀緟妫瓱寰烽倓鍘�锛岄叞姘垏閲戝爆鏈夋(j墨)瑭﹀姂浣滅敤銆偽�锛屛�-涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂埗鍌�銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1. 閱涢叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚嶏紝閱涢叜鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�

2. 鎺屾彙閱涢叜鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�

3. 鎺屾彙閱涢叜瑕牳鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婃椿鎬э紙鑸嘓CN銆丯aSO3銆丷OH銆丷MgX銆佹皑鐨勮鐢熺墿鐨勫姞鎴愶級銆�

4. 鎺屾彙閱涢叜瑕牳鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�銆�

5. 鎺屾彙伪-H鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

6. 鎺屾彙閱涢叜姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛圞MnO4/H+銆乀ollens瑭﹀姂銆丗ehling瑭﹀姂銆佹嫓鑰剁埦-缍珛鏍兼哀鍖栵級銆�

7. 鎺屾彙閱涢叜閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝偓鍖栨矮鍖�銆丩iAlH4,NaBH4閭勫師銆丆lemmensen閭勫師銆乄olff-kishner-榛冮炒榫嶉倓鍘�銆丮eerwein-Ponndorf閭勫師銆侀噾灞倓鍘�銆佹鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�

8. 鎺屾彙閱涢叜鐨刉ittig鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽畨鎭绺悎锛孊eckman閲嶆帓鍙婅垏PCl5鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

9. 鎺屾彙缇板熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

10.浜嗚В伪锛屛�-涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂埗鍌�銆�

11.鎺屾彙閱涢叜鐨勫埗鍌欙細鐐旂兇鐨勬按鍚堬紝鑳炰簩楣典唬鐗╃殑姘磋В锛岀敱鐑兇銆佽姵閰兇鍜岄唶鍒跺倷锛屽倕-鍏�?锛涱姮?锛岃搵寰锋浖-鏌但鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀緟妫瓱寰烽倓鍘�锛岄叞姘垏閲戝爆鏈夋(j墨)瑭﹀姂浣滅敤銆�

绗崄浜岀珷 鏍哥鍏辨尟鍜岃唱(zh矛)璀�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

鏍哥鍏辨尟璀滅殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛岃唱(zh矛)瀛愮殑灞忚斀鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ锛屽奖闊垮寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ鐨勫洜绱�锛岃嚜鏃嬪伓鍚堝拰鑷棆瑁傚垎锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)绨�(ji菐n)鍠湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏍哥鍏辨尟璀滄帹娓�(c猫)鍏剁祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆傝唱(zh矛)璀滅殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛岃唱(zh矛)璀滄墍鑳芥彁渚涚殑淇℃伅锛孧S涓殑M+鍙婅瑙ｆ柟寮�锛岀兇椤炲拰楣典唬鐑寸殑璩�(zh矛)璀滅壒寰�銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В鏍哥鍏辨尟璀滅殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆�

2.鐞嗚В璩�(zh矛)瀛愮殑灞忚斀鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ銆�

3.浜嗚В鑷棆鍋跺悎鍜岃嚜鏃嬭鍒�銆�

4.鏈�(hu矛)鏍规摎(j霉)绨�(ji菐n)鍠湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏍哥鍏辨尟璀滄彁渚涚殑淇℃伅锛屾帹娓�(c猫)鍏剁祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

5.鐭ラ亾璩�(zh矛)璀滅殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛岃唱(zh矛)璀滄墍鑳芥彁渚涚殑淇℃伅锛孧S涓殑M+鍙婅瑙ｆ柟寮�銆�

绗崄涓夌珷  绱呭鑸囩传澶栧厜璀�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

绱呭鍏夎瓬鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛屽奖闊跨磪澶栧惛鏀剁殑鍥犵礌锛岀传澶栧厜璀滅殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛屽奖闊跨传澶栧惛鏀剁殑鍥犵礌銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1. 浜嗚В绱呭鍏夎瓬鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鐗瑰緛鍚告敹銆�

2. 鎺屾彙褰遍熆绱呭鍚告敹鐨勫洜绱�銆�

3. 浜嗚В绱鍏夎瓬鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鐗瑰緛鍚告敹銆�

4. 鎺屾彙褰遍熆绱鍚告敹鐨勫洜绱犮€�

绗崄鍥涚珷  缇ч吀

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

缇ч吀鐨勫垎椤�锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛岀晶閰哥殑鍒舵硶锛岀晶閰哥殑鍛藉悕(IUPAC)銆傚寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶吀鎬�锛屽彇浠ｅ熀灏�(du矛)閰告€у奖闊�锛岀晶閰哥景鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屛憋紞H楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆備簩鍏冮吀鐨勯吀鎬у強鐔卞垎瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傜晶閰哥殑鍒舵硶锛氭哀鍖栨硶锛岃厛鐨勬按瑙�锛岀敱鏍煎紡瑭﹀姂鍚堟垚鍙婃补鑴傜殑姘磋В銆傞厷閰哥殑鍒跺倷锛�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В缇ч吀鐨勫垎椤�銆傜悊瑙ｇ晶鍩虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

2.鐭ラ亾缇ч吀鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�

3. 鎺屾彙缇ч吀鐨勫懡鍚�(IUPAC)銆�

4. 鎺屾彙缇ч吀鐨勯吀鎬у強褰遍熆閰告€х殑鍥犵礌銆�

5. 鎺屾彙缇ч吀鐨勫埗娉�銆�

6. 鎺屾彙缇ч吀閭勫師鐐洪唶锛岃劔缇э紝伪锛岺楣典唬绛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)

7. 鎺屾彙浜屽厓閰哥殑閰告€у強鐔卞垎瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

8. 浜嗚В閰氶吀鐨勫埗鍌�銆�

9.浜嗚В缇ュ熀閰哥殑鍒跺倷鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

绗崄浜旂珷缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽懡鍚�锛岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛岄叝銆侀叞楣�銆侀吀閰�銆侀叞鑳哄拰鑵堢殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婄浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖�锛岃Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗗拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€�銆傞叞姘�銆侀叝銆佽厛鑸囬噾灞│鍔戠殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄叝銆侀叞楣�銆侀叞鑳哄拰鑵堢殑閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞叝鐨勭啽娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�

2.鎺屾彙閰�銆侀叞楣�銆侀吀閰愩€侀叞鑳哄拰鑵堢殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婄浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖�銆�

3. 鎺屾彙瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗗拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€с€�

4. 鎺屾彙閰版隘銆侀叝銆佽厛鑸囬噾灞│鍔戠殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

5. 鎺屾彙閰€侀叞楣�銆侀叞鑳哄拰鑵堢殑閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

6.浜嗚В閰殑鐔辨秷鍘诲弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

绗崄鍏珷  缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╂秹鍙婄⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

a 姘殑閰告€у拰浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)锛岄叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢紝涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鍜屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰拰鍏跺畠閰告€у寲鍚堢墿鐨刟 姘⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.鐞嗚Вa 姘殑閰告€у拰浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)銆�

2.鎺屾彙閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

3. 鎺屾彙涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鍜屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰拰鍏跺畠閰告€у寲鍚堢墿鐨刟 姘⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

4. 鎺屾彙涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鍜屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰拰鍏跺畠閰告€у寲鍚堢墿鐨刟 姘⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�

5.鎺屾彙鍏嬭叇鏂囪搵鐖惧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀亥鍏嬬埦鍔犳垚銆佺憺浣涢Μ鏂熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀仈(d谩)鐖炬．鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婃櫘鐖鹃噾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

绗崄涓冪珷 鑳�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

鑳虹殑鍒嗛锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岃兒鐨勫懡鍚�锛屼富瑕佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛岃兒鐨勫埗娉�锛岃兒鐨勫牽鎬у強褰遍熆鍫挎€х殑鍥犵礌銆傝兒鐨勫埗鍌欙細楣典唬鐑存皑瑙�锛岃搵甯冪憺鐖惧悎鎴�锛岀鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘燂紝鑵堝強鍏朵粬鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師锛岄湇澶浖閲嶆帓锛屽竷姝囩埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾浖灏艰ū鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傝兒鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳兒鐨勭兎鍩哄寲锛屽竟搴曠敳鍩哄寲鍜岄湇澶浖娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽彅鑳烘哀鍖栧拰绉戞郸娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄叞鍖栧拰纾�?锛涱嚞纾�?y墨ng)锛屼集銆佷徊銆佸彅鑳鸿垏HNO2鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傜儻鑳虹殑鐢熸垚鍙婂叾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傝姵鑳虹挵(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞噸姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄噸姘菇锛岄噸姘敳鐑风殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.鐞嗚В鑳虹殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�

2.鎺屾彙鑳虹殑鍛藉悕(绯荤当(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曡垏鍦�(gu贸)闅涘懡鍚嶆硶鏈夊垾)銆�

3.鐞嗚В鑳轰富瑕佺殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�

4.鎺屾彙鑳虹殑鍒舵硶锛氶沟浠ｇ兇姘ㄨВ锛岃搵甯冪憺鐖惧悎鎴愶紝纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師锛岃厛鍙婂叾浠栧惈姘寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘�锛岄湇澶浖閲嶆帓锛屽竷姝囩埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾浖灏艰ū鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

5. 鎺屾彙鑳虹殑鍫挎€у強褰遍熆鍫挎€х殑鍥犵礌锛屼簡瑙ｆ媶鍒嗘墜鎬ц兒鐨勬柟娉�銆�

6.鐞嗚В鑳虹殑鐑峰熀鍖�锛屽竟搴曠敳鍩哄寲鍜岄湇澶浖娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽彅鑳烘哀鍖栧拰绉戞郸娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�?锛涱嚡绐侀厠锛涱嚞纾�?y墨ng)銆�

7. 鎺屾彙浼�銆佷徊銆佸彅鑳鸿垏HNO2鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒�銆�

8. 鎺屾彙鑺宠兒鐨勭壒娈婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

9. 鎺屾彙鐑兒鐨勭敓鎴愬強鍏跺弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�

10. 鎺屾彙閲嶆爱鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄噸姘菇銆�

绗崄鍏珷  鍗�(xi茅)鍚屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

鍗�(xi茅)鍚屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屽墠绶氳粚閬撴硶锛岃粚閬撳皪(du矛)绋辨€у畧鎭掑師鍓囷紝绔嬮珨閬告搰鎬х殑瑙ｉ噵銆�4n蟺鍜�(4n+2)蟺闆诲瓙楂旂郴鐨勯浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍖�锛岀挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勪竴鑸(gu墨)寰嬶紝姘拰纰崇殑[l,j]閬风Щ鍙奫3,3]閬风Щ銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В鍗�(xi茅)鍚屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆�

2.浜嗚В鍓嶇窔杌岄亾娉曘€�

3.浜嗚В杌岄亾灏�(du矛)绋辨€у畧鎭掑師鍓�銆�

4.鎺屾彙鍗�(xi茅)鍚屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂旈伕鎿囨€с€�

5.浜嗚В4n蟺鍜� (4n+2)蟺闆诲瓙楂旂郴鐨勯浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍖�銆�

6.鐞嗚В鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勪竴鑸(gu墨)寰嬨€�

7. 姘拰纰崇殑[l,j]閬风Щ鍙奫3,3]閬风Щ銆�

绗崄涔濈珷  纰虫按鍖栧悎鐗�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

纰虫按鍖栧悎鐗╃殑瀹氱京鍜屽垎椤烇紝鍠硸鐨凞/L妲�(g貌u)鍨�锛岃憽钀勭硸鍜屾灉绯栫殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃畩鏃嬪厜鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紝鍠硸鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛欶ehling 瑭﹀姂銆乀ollens瑭﹀姂銆佹捍姘�銆佺閰�銆侀珮纰橀吀锛岄倓鍘�锛岄啔鐨勭敓鎴�锛岄叝鐨勭敓鎴愶紝閱涚硸鐨勯仦鍗囧拰閬為檷锛屾湀娈�銆佽嫹鐨勭敓鎴�銆傞噸瑕佺殑鍠硸: 钁¤悇绯�銆佹灉绯栥€佹牳绯�銆�2锛嶅幓姘ф牳绯�銆�

钄楃硸銆侀亥鑺界硸銆佺簴缍簩绯栫殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婄⒑瀹氬叾妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏍规摎(j霉)銆�

娣€绮夌殑姘磋В鍜屽垎闆�锛岀洿閺堟穩绮�銆佹敮閺堟穩绮夌殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)锛岀硦绮剧殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾穩绮夌殑鏀规€�銆傜簴缍礌鐨勪締婧�锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍔犲伐鏂规硶銆�

鑰冭│瑕侀粸(di菐n)

1.浜嗚В纰虫按鍖栧悎鐗╃殑瀹氱京鍜屽垎椤�銆�

2.浜嗚В鍠硸鐨凞/L妲�(g貌u)鍨嬨€�

3.鐞嗚В钁¤悇绯栧拰鏋滅硸鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃畩鏃嬪厜鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆�

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6.浜嗚В閱涚硸鐨勯仦鍗囧拰閬為檷銆�

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2. 鎺屾彙钂搁ぞ銆佸垎椁�銆佹按钂告埃钂搁ぞ銆佹笡澹撹捀椁俱€侀噸绲�(ji茅)鏅�銆佸崌鑿€佽悆鍙�銆佺啊(ji菐n)鍠亷婵俱€佽杽灞よ壊璀�銆佹煴灞よ壊璀滅瓑鍒嗛洟鎻愮磾鎿嶄綔鍙婃敞鎰忎簨闋�(xi脿ng)銆�

3. 鎺屾彙鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)娓�(c猫)瀹氭妧琛�(sh霉)锛氬鎶樺厜娓�(c猫)瀹�銆佹姌鍏夌巼銆佺啍榛�(di菐n)銆佹哺榛�(di菐n)鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹氱瓑銆�

4. 鎺屾彙鐑殑鍚堟垚锛堢挵(hu谩n)宸辩儻銆�3-婧寸挵(hu谩n)宸辩儻鍚堟垚锛�锛岄沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫悎鎴愶紙鍙斾竵鍩烘隘銆�1-婧翠竵鐑风殑鍚堟垚锛�锛岄唶鐨勫悎鎴愶紙2-鐢插熀-2-涓侀唶銆佷笁鑻敳閱囩殑鍚堟垚锛�锛岄叜鐨勫悎鎴愶紙灏�(du矛)鐢插熀鑻箼閰�銆佺挵(hu谩n)宸遍叜鍜岃姁鍙変笝閰殑鍚堟垚锛�锛孌iels-Alder鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堢挵(hu谩n)鎴婁簩鐑垏棣締閰搁厫鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�7-姘ч洔闆欑挵(hu谩n)-銆�2,2,1銆�-搴�-5-鐑�-2,3-浜岀晶閰搁厫鍒跺倷锛夛紝閲嶆爱鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堢敳鍩烘銆侀劙姘敳鑻悎鎴愶級锛屽悍灏兼煡缇咃紙Cannizzaro锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝憢鍠冪敳閱囪垏鍛嬪杻鐢查吀鍒跺倷銆佽嫰鐢查吀鑸囪嫰鐢查唶鍒跺倷锛�锛岄啔鐨勫悎鎴愶紙涔欓啔銆佹涓侀啔鍚堟垚锛夛紝閰殑鍚堟垚锛堜箼閰镐箼閰�銆佷箼閰告涓侀叝銆佷箼閰版按妤婇吀鐨勫悎鎴愶級锛屼箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰殑鍚堟垚锛岃緵鐑啗鍒跺倷銆佽嫰浜炵敳鍩鸿嫰涔欓叜鍚堟垚锛岃倝妗傞吀鐨勫悎鎴愶紝1,2-浜岃嫰涔欑儻鍚堟垚锛�7,7-浜屾隘浜岀挵(hu谩n)銆�4,1,0銆戝簹鐑风殑鍚堟垚锛屽皪(du矛)姘ㄥ熀鑻敳閰镐箼閰殑鍚堟垚锛�1-姘�-3-婧�-5-纰樿嫰鍚堟垚绛夊(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)?z膩i)搴�?銆�?sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍘熺悊銆佸(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)姝ラ銆佸(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娉ㄦ剰浜嬮爡(xi脿ng)銆�

浜屻€佸弮鑰冩浉鐩�

[1] 鐜嬬⿳婵�锛屽嫉瀵剁敵锛岀帇姘告锛岃儭闈掔湁銆傛湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)锛堢浜岀増锛�锛� 鍗楅枊澶у(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�, 2003銆�

[2] 浣曠磪閬�(y霉n)绛夌法锛屾湰绉戝寲瀛�(xu茅)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)锛堜竴锛�锛屾箹鍗楀斧鑼冨ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀撅紝2008銆�