2021骞�鍗椾含宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熸嫑鐢熻€冭│澶х侗

712钘ュ(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)缍滃悎 鑰冭│澶х侗

712钘ュ(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)缍滃悎 鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎 鑰冭│澶х侗

涓€銆佽€冭│鐨勫熀鏈姹�

鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│钘ュ(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)缍滃悎鑰冨嵎涓垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│閮ㄥ垎瑕佹眰瀛�(xu茅)鐢熸瘮杓冪郴绲�(t菕ng)鍦扮悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)鍜屽剙鍣ㄥ垎鏋愮殑鍩烘湰姒傚康鍜屽熀鏈悊璜�锛涙帉鎻″悇椤炲垎鏋愭柟娉曠殑鍘熺悊鍜屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍒嗘瀽鐨勮姹傦紱鐞嗚В鍚勭ó鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑瑕佺礌锛涜兘缍滃悎閬嬬敤鎵€瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭煡璀樺垎鏋愬晱椤屽拰瑙ｆ焙鍟忛銆�

浜屻€佽€冭│鏂瑰紡鍜岃€冭│鏅傞枔

纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)銆婅棩瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)缍滃悎銆嬭€冭│鐐虹瓎瑭�锛岀附鍒�300鍒�锛岃€冭│鏅傞枔鐐�3灏忔檪銆傚叾涓€婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬮儴鍒嗙附鍒�60鍒�銆�

涓�銆佸弮鑰冩浉鐩紙鍍呬緵鍙冭€冿級

銆婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)銆� 绗�6鐗� 涓婁笅鍐婏紝姝︽饥澶у(xu茅)涓荤法锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2016

銆婂剙鍣ㄥ垎鏋愩€� 绗�4鐗�锛屾湵鏄庤彲 涓荤法锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2008

鍥�銆佽│椤岄鍨�

涓昏鍖呮嫭濉┖椤�銆侀伕鎿囬銆佸悕瑭炶В閲嬨€佸垽鏂烽銆佽▓绠楅銆佸晱绛旈绛夐鍨�锛屽苟鏍规摎(j霉)姣忓勾鐨勮€冭│瑕佹眰鍋氱浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮(di脿o)鏁�銆�

浜斻€佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�鍙婅姹傘€€

绗竴閮ㄥ垎 鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)

鎺屾彙鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶鐨勫垎椤炶垏閬告搰锛屽熀婧栫墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勬蹇靛拰妯�(bi膩o)婧栨憾娑蹭娇鐢ㄨ姹傦紝鍒嗘瀽瑭︽ǎ鐨勯噰闆嗚垏鍒跺倷锛屽垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)涓殑瑾ゅ樊鑸囨暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铏曠悊锛屽垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)涓殑璩�(zh矛)閲忎繚璀夎垏璩�(zh矛)閲忔帶鍒�锛屽洓绋淮瀹氭柟娉�锛岄噸閲忓垎鏋愭硶锛屽垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)涓父鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗛洟鍜屽瘜闆嗘柟娉�锛岃兘閬告搰鍚堥仼鐨勬柟娉曞垎鏋愬叿楂斿晱椤屻€�

绗簩閮ㄥ垎 鍎€鍣ㄥ垎鏋�

鎺屾彙鑹茶瓬鍒嗘瀽鐨勬柟娉曞拰鍘熺悊锛岀啛鎮夋埃鐩歌壊璀滃拰娑茬浉鑹茶瓬鍒嗛洟姊濅欢鐨勯伕鎿�锛岀啛鎮夎壊璀滃剙鍣ㄧ殑妲�(g貌u)鎴愬拰妾㈡脯鍣ㄧ殑鍒嗛锛岃壊璀滃垎鏋愬畾鎬у畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉曪紝鍚勭ó鑹茶瓬鍒嗘瀽鐨勭壒榛炲拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ寖鍦�锛岃杽灞よ壊璀滅殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ瓑锛涚传澶栧惛鏀跺厜璀滃垎鏋愮殑鍘熺悊鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛屽畾鎬у畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉曞強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍎€鍣ㄤ娇鐢�锛涚磪澶栧惛鏀跺厜璀滃垎鏋愮殑鍘熺悊鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍎€鍣�锛涜兘鐔熺反鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ悎閬╃殑鍎€鍣ㄥ垎鏋愬叿楂旂殑鍟忛銆�

712钘ュ(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)缍滃悎 鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎 鑰冭│澶х侗

涓€銆佽€冭│鐨勫熀鏈姹�

銆婄敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗閬╃敤浜庡崡浜伐妤�(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐢熷伐瀛�(xu茅)绉戠兢鐩搁棞(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)鐨勭ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│銆傜敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)鏄敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐨勯噸瑕佺祫鎴愰儴鍒嗭紝鏄敓鐗╁伐绋�銆佺敓鐗╁寲宸ャ€佽棩瀛�(xu茅)鍙婇鍝佺瓑瀛�(xu茅)绉戠殑鍩虹(ch菙)鐞嗚珫瑾茬▼锛屼富瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺㈣◣鐢熺墿楂旂殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)绲勬垚浠ュ強鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鑸囧姛鑳斤紝鐗╄唱(zh矛)浠ｈ瑵鐨勮(gu墨)寰�銆佽兘閲忚綁(zhu菐n)鍖栧強鍏惰(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鎺у埗绛夈€傝姹傝€冪敓绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦扮悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫锛屾帉鎻″悇椤炵敓鍖栫墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽姛鑳藉強鍏跺悎鎴愪唬璎濆拰鍒嗚В浠ｈ瑵鐨勫熀鏈€斿緫鍙婅(di脿o)鎺ф柟娉�锛岀悊瑙ｅ熀鍥犺〃閬旇(di脿o)鎺у拰鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栵紝浜嗚В鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勬渶鏂伴€插睍锛岃兘缍滃悎閬嬬敤鎵€瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭煡璀樺垎鏋愬晱椤屽拰瑙ｆ焙鍟忛銆�

浜�銆佽€冭│鏂瑰紡鍜岃€冭│鏅傞枔

纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)銆婅棩瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)缍滃悎銆嬭€冭│鐐虹瓎瑭︼紝绺藉垎300鍒�锛岃€冭│鏅傞枔鐐�3灏忔檪銆傚叾涓€婄敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬮儴鍒嗙附鍒�120鍒�銆�

涓�銆佸弮鑰冩浉鐩紙鍍呬緵鍙冭€冿級

銆婄敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)鍘熺悊銆� 绗�3鐗堬紝妤婃Ξ姝�锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2018

銆婄従(xi脿n)浠ｅ垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)銆嬬5鐗�锛屾湵鐜夎尝锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2019

銆婄敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)瀵﹂澶氬獟楂旀暀绋嬨€嬶紝璎濆鏄�锛岃彲鏉辩悊宸ュぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀撅紝2006

鍥�銆佽│椤岄鍨�

涓昏鍖呮嫭濉┖椤�銆侀伕鎿囬銆佸悕瑭炶В閲�銆佽▓绠楄垏绨＄瓟椤�銆佽珫杩伴绛夐鍨�锛屽苟鏍规摎(j霉)姣忓勾鐨勮€冭│瑕佹眰鍋氱浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮(di脿o)鏁�銆�

浜�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰強瑕佹眰銆€

1. 铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍖栧(xu茅)

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚锛�22绋皑鍩洪吀鐨勭啊瀵铏燂紱姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛堜竴绱�銆佷簩绱�銆侀珮绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬蹇靛強褰㈠紡锛夛紱铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)涓€绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娓畾锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂垎闆㈢磾鍖栧拰绱斿害閼掑畾鐨勬柟娉�锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勮畩鎬т綔鐢�锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳界殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�

2. 鏍搁吀鍖栧(xu茅)

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鏍搁吀鐨勫熀鏈寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚鍙婂垎椤�锛涙牳鑻烽吀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛汥NA鍜孯NA涓€绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佷簩绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜孌NA鐨勪笁绱氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛汻NA鐨勫垎椤炲強鍚勯RNA鐨勭敓鐗╁(xu茅)鍔熻兘锛涙牳閰哥殑涓昏鐞嗗寲鐗规€�锛涙牳閰哥殑鐮旂┒鏂规硶

3. 绯栭绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細绯栫殑涓昏鍒嗛鍙婂叾鍚勮嚜鐨勪唬琛�锛涚硸鑱氬悎鐗╁強瀹冨€戠殑鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鍔熻兘锛涚硸閺堝拰绯栬泲鐧界殑鐢熺墿娲绘€�

4. 鑴傝唱(zh矛)鑸囩敓鐗╄啘

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鐢熺墿楂斿収(n猫i)鑴傝唱(zh矛)鐨勫垎椤�锛涚敇娌硅剛銆佺７鑴備互鍙婅剛鑲吀鐗规€�锛涚敓鐗╄啘鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屸€滄祦楂旈懖宓屾ā鍨嬧€濈殑瑕侀粸

5. 閰跺(xu茅)

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鐔熸倝閰剁殑鍦嬮殯鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�锛涢叾鐨勪綔鐢ㄧ壒榛烇紱閰剁殑浣滅敤姗熺悊锛涘奖闊块叾淇冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫洜绱狅紱閰剁殑鎻愮磾鑸囨椿鍔涢憭瀹氱殑鍩烘湰鏂规硶锛涗簡瑙ｆ姉楂旈叾銆佹牳閰跺拰鍥哄畾鍖栭叾鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�

6. 缍敓绱犲拰杓旈叾

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細缍敓绱犵殑鍒嗛鍙婃€ц唱(zh矛)锛涘悇绋董鐢熺礌鐨勬椿鎬у舰寮�銆佺敓鐞嗗姛鑳�锛涜垏杓旈叾鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勭董鐢熺礌鍚岃紨閰剁殑闂�(gu膩n)绯诲強鍏朵綔鐢�

7. 婵€绱�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細婵€绱犵殑鍒嗛锛涘父瑕嬫縺绱犵殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽姛鑳斤紱婵€绱犱綔鐢ㄦ鐞�锛涚浜屼俊浣垮(xu茅)瑾�

8锛庢柊闄充唬璎濆拰鐢熺墿鑳藉(xu茅)

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鏂伴櫝浠ｈ瑵鐨勬蹇�銆侀鍨嬪強鍏剁壒榛�锛汚TP鑸囬珮鑳界７閰稿寲鍚堢墿锛汚TP鐨勭敓鐗╁(xu茅)鍔熻兘锛涢浕瀛愬偝閬為亷绋嬭垏ATP鐨勭敓鎴�锛涘懠鍚搁張鐨勭祫鍒�銆佸懠鍚搁張涓偝閬為珨鐨勬帓鍒楅爢搴�

9. 绯栫殑鍒嗚В浠ｈ瑵鍜屽悎鎴愪唬璎�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細绯栫殑浠ｈ瑵閫斿緫鍜屾湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勯叾锛涚硸鐨勭劇姘у垎瑙ｃ€佹湁姘ф哀鍖栫殑姒傚康銆侀儴浣嶅拰閬庣▼锛涚硸鐣扮敓浣滅敤鐨勬蹇�銆佸牬鎵€銆佸師鏂欏強涓昏閫斿緫锛涚硸鍘熷悎鎴愪綔鐢ㄧ殑姒傚康銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝ラ鍙婇檺閫熼叾锛涚硸閰佃В銆佷笝閰吀鐨勬哀鍖栬劔缇у拰涓夌晶閰稿惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)閬庣▼鍙婂偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸甸叾

10. 鑴傞鐨勪唬璎濊垏鍚堟垚

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鑴傝偑鍕曞摗鐨勬蹇�銆侀檺閫熼叾锛涚敇娌逛唬璎濓紱鑴傝偑閰哥殑-姘у寲閬庣▼鍙婂叾鑳介噺鐨勮▓绠�锛涢叜楂旂殑鐢熸垚鍜屽埄鐢�锛涜喗鍥洪唶鍚堟垚鐨勯儴浣�銆佸師鏂欏強鑶藉浐閱囩殑杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栧強鎺掓硠锛涜鑴傚強琛€婕胯剛铔嬬櫧

11. 鏍搁吀鐨勪唬璎�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鍢屽懁銆佸槯鍟舵牳鑻烽吀鐨勫垎瑙ｄ唬璎濊垏鍚堟垚浠ｈ瑵鐨勯€斿緫锛涘婧愭牳閰哥殑娑堝寲鍜屽惛鏀讹紱鍫垮熀鐨勫垎瑙�锛涙牳鑻烽吀鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴�

12. 铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍜屾皑鍩洪吀鐨勪唬璎�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勯檷瑙ｅ拰姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑鍒嗚В浠ｈ瑵锛涘翱绱犵殑褰㈡垚锛涙皑鍩洪吀纰抽鏋剁殑姘у寲閫斿緫锛涙皑鍩洪吀鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴愬拰瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)锛涙皑鍩洪吀琛嶇敓鐗�

13. DNA锛孯NA鍜岄伜鍌冲瘑纰�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細DNA寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰�锛涘弮鑸嘍NA寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑閰堕鑸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍥犲瓙鐨勭ó椤炲拰浣滅敤锛汥NA寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑鍩烘湰閬庣▼锛涚湡鏍哥敓鐗╄垏鍘熸牳鐢熺墿DNA寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑姣旇純锛涜綁(zhu菐n)閷勫熀鏈蹇�锛涘弮鑸囪綁(zhu菐n)閷勭殑閰跺強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍥犲瓙锛涘師鏍哥敓鐗╃殑杞�(zhu菐n)閷勯亷绋�锛汻NA杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫悗鍔犲伐鐨勬剰缇�锛沵RNA銆乼RNA銆乺RNA鍜岄潪绶ㄧ⒓RNA鐨勫悗鍔犲伐锛涢€嗚綁(zhu菐n)閷勭殑閬庣▼锛涙煋鑹查珨鑸嘍NA

14. 铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勫悎鎴愬拰杞�(zhu菐n)閬�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細mRNA鍦ㄨ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚涓殑浣滅敤銆佸瘑纰煎瓙鐨勬蹇佃垏鐗归粸锛泃RNA銆佹牳绯栭珨鍦ㄨ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚涓殑浣滅敤锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勯亷绋嬶紱缈昏鍚庣殑鍔犲伐閬庣▼锛涚湡鏍哥敓鐗╄垏鍘熸牳鐢熺墿铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍚堟垚鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒�锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍚堟垚鐨勬姂鍒跺姂锛涘垎瀛愪即渚剁殑鍔熻兘

15. 绱拌優浠ｈ瑵鍜屽熀鍥犺〃閬旇(di脿o)鎺�

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細绱拌優浠ｈ瑵鐨勮(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛涢叾娲绘€х殑瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)锛涚窗鑳炰俊铏熷偝閬炵郴绲�(t菕ng)锛涘師鏍哥敓鐗╁拰鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈瑾�(di脿o)鎺х殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�锛涙搷绺卞瓙瀛�(xu茅)瑾�锛涘師鏍稿熀鍥犺〃閬旇(di脿o)鎺э紙涔崇硸鎿嶇副瀛�锛岃壊姘ㄩ吀鎿嶇副瀛愶級

16锛庡熀鍥犲伐绋嬪拰铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)宸ョ▼

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細DNA鍏嬮殕鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛涘熀鍥犵殑鍒嗛洟銆佸悎鎴愬拰娓簭锛涘厠闅嗗熀鍥犵殑琛ㄩ仈锛涘熀鍥犵殑鍔熻兘鐮旂┒锛堝熀鍥犳暡闄�锛孯NA骞叉摼绛夛級锛涜泲鐧借唱(zh矛)宸ョ▼锛涘熀鍥犵法杓�

鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)瀵﹂

鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細

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瀵﹂浜� 绱㈡皬鎻愬彇娉曟脯瀹氱矖鑴傝偑

瀵﹂涓� 姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑鍒嗛洟閼掑畾-绱欏堡鏋愭硶

瀵﹂鍥� 琛€娓呰泲鐧介唻閰哥簴缍杽鑶滈浕娉�

瀵﹂浜� 铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨勬績搴︽脯瀹氣€斺€擝radford娉�

瀵﹂鍏� 鏍搁吀鐨勭传澶栨巸鎻忓強鍚噺娓畾

鑰冭│瑕佹眰锛�

鎺屾彙瀵﹂鎿嶄綔銆佸剙鍣ㄧ殑浣跨敤鏂规硶锛�

鐔熸倝瀵﹂鍘熺悊銆佽▓绠楁柟娉�銆�

712钘ュ(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)缍滃悎 鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎 鑰冭│澶х侗

涓€銆佽€冭│鎬ц唱(zh矛)

銆婅棩瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)缍滃悎銆嬬爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│绉戠洰鏄偤鎴戞牎鎷涙敹钘ュ(xu茅)涓€绱氬(xu茅)绉戠ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鑰屽鏂界殑姘村钩鑰冭│锛岄伕鎷斿叿鏈夎純鍏ㄩ潰鐨勮棩瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鐞嗚珫鐭ヨ瓨鍜岀瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒鎶€鑳界殑瀛�(xu茅)鐢�銆傚叾鎸囧皫(d菐o)鎬濇兂鏄棦瑕佹湁鍒╀簬鍦嬪灏嶉珮灞ゆ浜烘墠鐨勯伕鎷�锛屽張瑕佹豢瓒冲皥妤�(y猫)鍩归(y菐ng)灏嶅(xu茅)鐢熸墍鍏峰倷鐨勫皥妤�(y猫)鍩虹(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨鐨勮姹傦紝鑰冭│灏嶈薄鐐哄弮鍔犳垜鏍¤棩瀛�(xu茅)涓€绱氬(xu茅)绉戠ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)銆婅棩瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)缍滃悎銆嬭€冭│鐨勮€冪敓銆傝€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰拰瑕佹眰绨¤堪濡備笅锛�

浜�銆佽€冭│鐨勫熀鏈姹�

瑕佹眰瀛�(xu茅)鐢熸瘮杓冪郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆佸熀鏈煡璀�銆佸熀鏈悊璜栥€佸熀鏈柟娉曞拰鍩烘湰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傛帉鎻″悇椤炴湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎬ч棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝灏嶅悇椤為噸瑕佺殑鏈夋鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熺悊鏈夎純濂界殑鐞嗚В锛屽皪鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€鍙婂叾鑸囪棩瀛�(xu茅)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯绘湁鎵€浜嗚В绛夛紝鎺屾彙鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈椹楁妧鑳�銆佷簡瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙涓€浜涜В姹鸿垏鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勫闅涘晱椤岀殑鍒濇鐭ヨ瓨绛夈€傛帉鎻″悇椤炴湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿鐨勫熀鏈€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸埗鍌欐柟娉曞強鍒嗘瀽閼掑畾鐨勬墜娈电瓑锛岀偤瑙ｆ焙鍚勯鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鍟忛鍜屼粖鍚庡緸浜嬭棩瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒绛夋墦涓嬪熀绀�(ch菙)銆傜瓎瑭﹀収(n猫i)瀹瑰寘鎷叿楂斿椹楁柟娉曠瓑銆傝兘缍滃悎閬嬬敤鎵€瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭煡璀樺垎鏋愬晱椤屽拰瑙ｆ焙鍟忛銆�

涓夈€佽€冭│鏂规硶鍜岃€冭│鏅傞枔

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鍥涖€佸弮鑰冩浉

銆婃湁姗熷寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�绗笁鐗� 涓婁笅鍐�锛岀帇绌嶆郡锛屽崡闁嬪ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2009

銆婃湁姗熷寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬬鍥涚増 涓婁笅鍐�锛岃儭瀹忕磱锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2013

浜�銆佽│椤岄鍨�

涓昏鍖呮嫭閬告搰椤�銆佸～绌洪锛堝洖绛斿晱椤屾垨瀹屾垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�銆佽В閲嬮锛堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗熺悊锛夈€佸悎鎴愰銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)椤岀瓑椤炲瀷锛屽苟鏍规摎(j霉)姣忓勾鐨勮€冭│瑕佹眰鍋氱浉鎳�(y墨ng)瑾�(di脿o)鏁�銆�

鍏�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆佽€冭│瑕佹眰

绗竴閮ㄥ垎  绶掕珫

浜嗚В锛堢悊瑙ｏ級锛氭湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿鐧�(f膩)灞曞彶銆佸垎椤炲強绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娓畾

鎺屾彙锛氭湁姗熼吀鍫跨殑姒傚康

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氭湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐞嗚珫鍜屽叾鐗规€�

绗簩閮ㄥ垎  鐑风兇

浜嗚В锛堢悊瑙ｏ級锛氱兎鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)

鎺屾彙锛氱兎鐑寸殑姘у寲銆佺噧鐕掑拰鐔辫鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀沟绱犳椿鎬ц垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閬告搰鎬�

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氾紙1锛夌兎鐑寸殑鍛藉悕銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹(g貌u)鍨嬪強妲�(g貌u)璞★紱锛�2锛夐沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熺悊锛涳紙3锛夎嚜鐢卞熀鐨勬蹇靛強绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€ц垏鑷敱鍩虹┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛岄亷娓℃厠(t脿i)鑸囨椿娲昏兘銆�

绗笁閮ㄥ垎  鐑兇

浜嗚В锛堢悊瑙ｏ級锛氱儻鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佽仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)

鎺屾彙锛氶亷閰告哀鍖�锛岀〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熺悊銆佺茎姹炲寲-鑴睘鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熺悊

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绗洓閮ㄥ垎  鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇

浜嗚В锛堢悊瑙ｏ級锛氳秴鍏辫粵鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勬蹇�

鎺屾彙锛氱墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涚倲鐑寸殑瑕牳鍔犳垚锛涗簩鐑兇鐨勫垎椤�锛涜仛闆嗕簩鐑兇锛涘叡鎸珫锛涚儻鐑村強浜岀儻鐑寸殑鑱氬悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氾紙1锛夌倲鐑�銆佸叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶏紱锛�2锛夌倲鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氱倲姘殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀倲閸电殑鍌寲姘寲銆侀伕鎿囨€ч倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃垏楣电礌銆佹隘鍖栨矮绛夎Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀倲閸电殑姘村悎锛涳紙3锛夊叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨�1锛�2鍜�1锛�4鍔犳垚锛涚媱鐖炬柉-闃垮痉鐖撅紙Diels-Alder锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涳紙4锛夊叡鎸珫鐨勫熀鏈煡璀橈紝鐑笝鍨嬬⒊姝ｉ洟瀛�锛宲-蟺鍏辫粵銆�

绗簲閮ㄥ垎 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�

浜嗚В锛堢悊瑙ｏ級锛氱挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

鎺屾彙锛氳剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍒嗛锛岀挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚挵(hu谩n)涓欑兎銆佺挵(hu谩n)涓佺兎銆佺挵(hu谩n)鎴婄兎鍜屽叚鍏冪挵(hu谩n)浠ヤ笂鐨勭挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勬(g貌u)璞�

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氳剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑�銆佹⿱鐠�(hu谩n)鍜岃灪鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勫懡鍚�锛涜剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑妲�(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)鑸囬爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)锛涚挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞�銆乤閸靛拰e閸电殑姒傚康銆佸彇浠ｇ挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍕㈡(g貌u)璞�銆傝剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑村寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�

绗叚閮ㄥ垎  鑺崇兇

浜嗚В锛堢悊瑙ｏ級锛氳嫰鐨勫垎瀛愯粚閬撴ā鍨�锛岃捊鍜岃彶鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃嚧鐧岃姵鐑达紝楣典唬鑻殑瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽嫰鐐旀鐞�

鎺屾彙锛氳嫰鐨勫姞鎴�銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涘叡鎸珫灏嶈Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪強娲诲寲浣滅敤鐨勮В閲�锛涚墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涘鑻熀鍙栦唬鐑风兇鐨勫埗鍌欏強鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涜悩鐨勬哀鍖栧拰閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氾紙1锛夎嫰鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岃姵棣欐€х殑姒傚康锛岃嫰琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)鍙婂懡鍚嶏紱锛�2锛夎嫰鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽寘鎷沟浠ｃ€佺鍖�銆佺：鍖栧強鍌咃紞鍏嬪弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涳紙3锛夎Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗熺悊锛涳紙4锛夎姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€�銆佷簩鍙栦唬鑻殑瀹氫綅鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佸畾浣嶆晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涳紙5锛夌兎鍩鸿嫰鑺抽鍋�(c猫)閺堢殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽伌(c猫)閺堢殑姘у寲鍙婂伌(c猫)閺堥沟浠�锛涳紙6锛夌儻鍩鸿嫰鐨勫埗娉曞強鍏跺弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涳紙7锛夎伅(li谩n)鑻殑鍛藉悕銆佽Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婄珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛涳紙8锛夎悩銆佽捊銆佽彶鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍛藉悕锛岃悩鐨勯沟浠�銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖栥€佸倕锛嶅厠?锛涱姮顕墧H闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼竴鍙栦唬钀樼殑瀹氫綅鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛涳紙9锛夎姵棣欐€ц垏浼戝厠鐖�(H眉ckel)瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛涳紙10锛夐潪鑻姵棣欏寲鍚堢墿锛氱儻涓欏熀姝ｉ洟瀛�銆佺挵(hu谩n)鎴婁簩鐑熀璨犻洟瀛愩€佺挵(hu谩n)搴氫笁鐑闆㈠瓙銆佺挵(hu谩n)杈涘洓鐑洐璨犻洟瀛�銆佽吉鐑€佽杹銆�

绗竷閮ㄥ垎  绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)

浜嗚В锛堢悊瑙ｏ級锛氬亸鎸厜鏈夐棞(gu膩n)姒傚康锛涙棆鍏夊剙鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽娑堟棆楂旀媶鍒�锛屼笉灏嶇ū鍚堟垚

鎺屾彙锛氭墜鎬т腑蹇冪殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�锛涚珛楂旈伕鎿囨€ц垏绔嬮珨灏堜竴鎬э紝鎵嬫€у垎瀛愬湪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓殑绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氾紙1锛夌暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鍒嗛銆佸皪鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂斿拰鎵嬫€х殑姒傚康锛氾紙2锛夊垎瀛愮殑鎵嬫€у拰灏嶇ū鍥犵礌锛屽皪绋遍潰銆佸皪绋变腑蹇�銆佸洓閲嶆洿鏇垮皪绋辫桓銆佹墜鎬т腑蹇冪瓑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛涳紙3锛夋(g貌u)鍨嬪拰妲�(g貌u)鍨嬫(bi膩o)瑷橈細灏嶆槧鐣扮墿楂旂殑琛ㄧず娉曞強妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬殑鍛藉悕锛屽寘鎷琑/S銆丏/L娉�銆佽不姝囩埦锛團ischer锛夋姇褰卞紡銆佸倶褰㈡姇褰卞紡銆佺磹鏇硷紙Newman锛夋姇褰卞紡銆侀嫺鏋跺紡锛涳紙4锛夊惈鏈変竴鍊嬫墜鎬х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫寲鍚堢墿锛屽皪鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽娑堟棆楂�锛涳紙5锛夊惈鏈夊叐鍊嬫墜鎬х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫寲鍚堢墿锛岄潪灏嶆槧鐣版(g貌u)楂�銆佸収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂旂殑姒傚康鍙婂叾鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)宸暟锛岃槆鍨�銆佽丹鍨嬬殑姒傚康锛涳紙6锛夌挵(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╂(g貌u)鍨嬬殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶鍙婃(g貌u)鍨嬬殑鍛藉悕锛屾(g貌u)璞＄暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屾(g貌u)鍨嬬暟妲�(g貌u)锛涳紙7锛変笉鍚墜鎬х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)锛屼笝浜岀儻鍨�銆佽伅(li谩n)鑻瀷銆佽灪鐠�(hu谩n)鍨嬬瓑鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绔嬮珨鐣版(g貌u)锛涳紙8锛夎嚜鐢卞熀鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛涳紙9锛夋秹鍙婄⒊姝ｉ洟瀛愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛涳紙10锛夌儻鐑磋垏楣电礌鍔犳垚銆佺儻鐑寸殑鍌寲姘寲銆佺儻鐑寸殑纭兼矮鍖栨哀鍖栥€佺儻鐑寸殑閯颁簩缇ュ熀鍖栥€佺儻鐑磋垏娆￠沟閰哥殑鍔犳垚銆佺儻鐑寸殑鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲銆佺媱鐖炬柉锛嶉樋寰风埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�

绗叓閮ㄥ垎  楣典唬鐑�

浜嗚В锛氱墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涢洟瀛愬皪姗熺悊锛涢劙鍩哄弮鑸�锛涜姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑瑕牳鍙栦唬锛涜嫰鐐斿弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗熺悊锛涘楣电兎鍜屾盁浠ｇ兎

鎺屾彙锛氶沟浠ｇ兎鐨勫垎椤�锛浳辨秷闄�锛涢沟浠ｇ兎鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ拰娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭鐖�

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氾紙1锛夐沟鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涳紙2锛夐沟浠ｇ兇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€х殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰嬶紱锛�2锛夋按瑙�銆侀唶瑙ｃ€佹皑瑙�銆佹鞍瑙ｃ€侀吀瑙�銆佽垏鐐斿弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽垏纭濋吀閵€鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婇沟绱犱氦鎻涘弽鎳�(y墨ng)绛夐噸瑕佺殑瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涳紙4锛夋秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓殑鑴隘鍖栨矮銆佽劔楣电礌绛�锛涳紙5锛夎垏娲绘綉閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽寘鎷垏閹�銆侀垑銆侀嫲鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃€冮浄锛嶈豹鏂紙Corey锛岺ouse锛夌兎鐑村悎鎴愭硶锛涳紙6锛夎Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬鐞嗗強褰遍熆鍥犵礌锛涳紙7锛夋秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬鐞�銆丼aytzeff瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧強E2娑堥櫎鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛涳紙8锛夐沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫埗娉曘€�

绗節閮ㄥ垎  閱囧拰閰�

浜嗚В锛堢悊瑙ｏ級锛氶唶鐨勭７閰搁叝銆侀唶鐨勫偓鍖栬劔姘�

鎺屾彙锛氱墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涢唶鑸嘓X鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熺悊銆�

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氾紙1锛夐唶鍜岄厷鐨勫懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨尝璀滄€ц唱(zh矛)锛涳紙2锛夋矮閸电殑姒傚康锛涳紙3锛変竴鍏冮唶鑸嘚a銆丮g銆丄l绛夐噾灞殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涢唶琚沟绱犲彇浠ｇ殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛圚X锛孡ucas瑭﹀姂锛孭X3锛孲OCl2锛�锛涢唶鑴按褰㈡垚鐑強閱氱殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚敓鎴愮～閰搁叝銆佺：閰搁叝鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涢唶鐨勬哀鍖栵紙Jones瑭﹀姂銆佹椿鎬nO2銆丱ppenauer姘у寲銆並MnO4銆並2Cr2O7/H2SO4銆丼arrett瑭﹀姂锛�锛涳紙4锛夐唶鍙栦唬鍜屾秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓殑閲嶆帓锛涳紙5锛変簩鍏冮唶鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涳紙6锛夊毈鍝唶閲嶆帓锛涳紙7锛夐唶鐨勫埗娉�锛涳紙8锛夐厷鐨勯吀鎬э紱閰氳姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涢厷閰殑褰㈡垚鍜孎ries閲嶆帓锛涢厷閱氱殑褰㈡垚鍜孋laisen閲嶆帓锛涳紙9锛夐厷鐨勫埗娉�锛涳紙10锛夌～閱囩殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�

绗崄閮ㄥ垎  閱氬拰鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鐗�

浜嗚В锛堢悊瑙ｏ級锛氱～閱囧拰纭啔鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛岄啔鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)

鎺屾彙锛氱墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛汣laisen閲嶆帓姗熺悊锛涘洓姘悺鍠冮啔鐨勫舰鎴愬拰鏂疯銆侀啔閸电殑淇濊閱氱殑鑷嫊姘у寲锛涘啝閱氱殑鍛藉悕銆佸悎鎴愬強鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涚浉杞�(zhu菐n)绉诲偓鍖�銆�

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氾紙1锛夐啔鐨勫懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨尝璀滄€ц唱(zh矛)锛涳紙2锛夐拝缇�        楣界殑褰㈡垚鍜岄啔閸电殑鏂疯锛屽彅涓佸熀閱氱殑鏂疯銆佺兎鍩猴紞鑺冲熀閱氱殑鏂疯銆佷箼鐑熀鍨嬮啔鐨勬柗瑁�锛涳紙3锛塁laisen閲嶆帓鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紱锛�4锛夌挵(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿鐨勯枊鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗熺悊銆侀枊鐠�(hu谩n)鏂瑰悜鍙婄珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛涳紙5锛夐唶鑴按鍒跺倷閱氥€佸▉寤夊閬滈啔鍚堟垚娉曘€佺兎姘ф睘鍖栵紞鑴睘鍒跺倷閱�銆佷箼鐑熀閱氱殑鍒舵硶锛涳紙6锛夌挵(hu谩n)姘у寲鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒跺倷銆�

绗崄涓€閮ㄥ垎   閱涘拰閰�

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绗崄浜岄儴鍒�  鏍�纾佸叡鎸拰璩�(zh矛)璀�

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绗崄涓夐儴鍒�  绱呭鑸囩传澶栧厜璀�

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绗崄鍥涢儴鍒�  缇ч吀

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鎺屾彙锛氱墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛屽彇浠ｈ姵閰搁吀鎬х殑瑙ｉ噵锛屾补鑴傜殑姘磋В銆�

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绗崄浜旈儴鍒�  缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗�

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绗崄鍏儴鍒�  缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╂秹鍙婄⒊璨犻洟瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�

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鎺屾彙锛氱墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涚⒊閰歌鐢熺墿锛涢叝鐨勯吀鎬ф按瑙ｆ鐞�

閲嶉粸鎺屾彙锛氾紙1锛壩辨矮鐨勯吀鎬у拰浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)锛岋紙2锛夐叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀仼鐢ㄨ寖鍦�銆佺敘(ch菐n)鐗╃壒寰佸強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熺悊銆丏ieckmann閰府鍚�銆侀叝绺悎鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涳紙3锛変箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰殑鐑村寲銆�?锛涱姮?銆侀吀寮忓垎瑙ｃ€侀叜寮忓垎瑙ｅ強鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涳紙4锛変笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰殑鍒跺倷銆佺兇鍖栥€�?锛涱姮?銆佽劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涳紙5锛夌府鍚堢敘(ch菐n)鐗╁拰鍏跺畠闆欓噸伪姘寲鍚堢墿鐨勭兇鍩哄寲鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涳紙6锛夋秹鍙娢辩⒊璨犻洟瀛愮殑鍏跺畠瑕牳鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛孠noevenagel鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆丮ichael鍔犳垚銆丷eformatsky鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆丏arzen鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆丳erkin鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�

绗崄涓冮儴鍒�  鏈夋鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�

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