棣栭兘缍�(j墨ng)婵熻部(m脿o)鏄撳ぇ瀛�(xu茅)  

纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鍒濊│銆婂叕鍏辩鐞嗙稖鍚堛€�916鑰冭│澶х侗

绗竴閮ㄥ垎   鑰冭│瑾槑

涓€銆佽€冭│鐩殑

鍏叡绠＄悊鏄爺绌朵互鏀垮簻鐐烘牳蹇冪殑鍏叡绲勭箶鍙婇潪鐕熷埄绲勭箶灏嶅湅瀹� 鍜岀ぞ鏈冨叕鍏变簨鍕�(w霉)閫茶绠＄悊鐨勮(gu墨)寰嬬殑绉戝(xu茅)锛屽寘鎷鐞嗙殑鍍瑰€笺€佷富楂�銆佸皪璞�銆佹柟寮忎互鍙婄鐞嗕緷鎿�(j霉)绛夌浉闂�(gu膩n)鍟忛锛屾槸鍏叡绠＄悊灏堟キ(y猫)瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷繀闋堟帉鎻＄殑 鍩虹(ch菙)鐞嗚珫瑾茬▼涔嬩竴銆�

鏈绋嬬殑鑰冭│鐩殑鏄脯瑭﹁€冪敓灏嶄竴鑸鐞嗗(xu茅)鍜屽叕鍏辩鐞嗗(xu茅)鐨勫熀 鏈蹇�銆佸熀鏈寖鐤�銆佸熀鏈師鐞�銆佸熀鏈柟娉曟帉鎻＄殑绋嬪害锛岃€冨療鑰冪敓閬嬬敤涓婅堪鐭ヨ瓨鍜岀悊璜栧垎鏋愬拰瑙ｆ焙鐝�(xi脿n)瀵﹀叕鍏辩鐞嗗晱椤岀殑鑳藉姏锛屽苟鐢辨鍒ゆ柗瀛�(xu茅) 鐢熸槸鍚﹀叿鏈夐€蹭竴姝ユ繁閫犵殑鍩烘湰绱犺唱(zh矛)鍜屽煿椁�(y菐ng)娼涘姏銆�

浜�銆佽€冭│鑼冨湇

鑰冭│鑼冨湇浠ュ弮鑰冩浉鐩偤渚濇摎(j霉)锛屽垎鐐哄叐澶ч儴鍒嗭細

绗竴閮ㄥ垎鐐虹鐞嗗(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鍘熺悊锛岄噸榛炶€冨療鑰冪敓灏嶄簬绠＄悊鎬濇兂鍜岀鐞嗙悊璜栫簿鑿殑鐞嗚В锛岃姹傝€冪敓寰炵鐞嗛亷绋嬬殑瑙掑害锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)鎺屾彙鍏ㄧ悆鍖栬儗 鏅笅绲勭箶绠＄悊鐨勬焙绛�銆佺祫绻�銆侀牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)銆佹帶鍒朵互鍙婂壍(chu脿ng)鏂扮瓑鑱疯兘鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗐€�

绗簩閮ㄥ垎鐐哄叕鍏辩鐞嗗(xu茅)鐨勭悊璜栫煡璀樺強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛岄噸榛炶€冨療鑰冪敓灏嶄簬鍏叡绲勭箶琛岀偤鍙婂叕鍏辨斂绛栧煼(zh铆)琛岀瓑闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺浉闂�(gu膩n)閲嶉粸鐞嗚珫瑕侀粸鍙婃湰璩�(zh矛)鐨勬帉 鎻�锛屾脯瑭﹁€冪敓閬嬬敤鍏叡绠＄悊鐭ヨ瓨鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍟忛銆佸垎鏋愬晱椤屽拰瑙ｆ焙鍟忛鐨勭郴 绲�(t菕ng)鍖栫爺绌惰兘鍔�銆�

涓�銆佽€冭│鍩烘湰瑕佹眰

瑕佹眰鑰冪敓鍒濇浣嗚純鐐哄叏闈㈠湴鎺屾彙涓€鑸鐞嗗(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇点€佸熀鏈悊璜�銆佸熀鏈柟娉曠瓑鍩虹(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨锛涘叿鍌欒純寮风殑鍏叡绠＄悊瀛�(xu茅)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐞嗚珫鐭ヨ瓨鐨勭稖 鍚堝垎鏋愯兘鍔�锛涘垵姝ュ叿鍌欓亱鐢ㄥ叕鍏辩鐞嗗(xu茅)鐞嗚珫鍒嗘瀽鑸囪В姹哄叕鍏辩鐞嗗闅� 鍟忛鐨勮兘鍔�銆�

鍥涖€佽€冭│褰㈠紡鑸囪│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)

锛堜竴锛夌瓟鍗锋柟寮忥細闁夊嵎锛岀瓎瑭�

锛堜簩锛夌瓟椤屾檪闁擄細180 鍒嗛悩

锛堜笁锛夋豢鍒嗭細150鍒�

锛堝洓锛夊悇閮ㄥ垎鍏�(n猫i)瀹硅€冩煡姣斾緥锛氱鐞嗗(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鍘熺悊鍗� 70 鍒�锛涘叕鍏辩鐞嗗(xu茅)鐞嗚珫鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ崰 80 鍒�銆傚叾涓�锛岄渶瑕佹帉鎻＄殑閮ㄥ垎鍗冲皥妤�(y猫)鍩虹(ch菙)姒傚康鑸囩悊璜栵紝鍗犳瘮60%锛涢渶瑕佺啛鎮夌殑閮ㄥ垎闆ｅ害鏈夋墍澧炲姞锛屽崰姣�20%-30%锛涢渶瑕佷簡瑙ｇ殑鎷旈珮閮ㄥ垎锛屽崰姣�10%-20%銆�

 锛堜簲锛夐鍨嬪強鍒嗗€�

1锛庡悕瑭炶В閲嬶細姣忛 6 鍒嗭紝鍏� 5 椤�锛屽悎瑷� 30 鍒�

2锛庣啊绛旈锛氭瘡椤� 12 鍒�锛屽叡 5 椤�锛屽悎瑷� 60 鍒�

3锛庤珫杩伴锛氭瘡椤� 15 鍒�锛屽叡 2 椤岋紝鍚堣▓ 30 鍒�

4锛庢渚嬪垎鏋愶細姣忛 30 鍒�锛屽叡 1 椤�锛屽叡瑷� 30 鍒�

浜�銆佸弮鑰冩浉鐩�

[1] 鍛ㄤ笁澶�锛岀鐞嗗(xu茅)锛堢涓夌増锛�锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2012

[2] 姝愭枃路浼戞柉锛圤wen E.Hughes锛夛紝鍏叡绠＄悊灏�(d菐o)璜栵紙绗洓鐗�锛屼腑 鏂囩増鍜岃嫳鏂囩増锛�锛屼腑鍦嬩汉姘戝ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2015骞�

绗簩閮ㄥ垎   鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�

涓€銆佺鐞嗗(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鍘熺悊

锛堜竴锛夌鐞嗘椿鍕曡垏绠＄悊鍘熺悊

1銆� 绠＄悊鐨勬蹇佃垏鑱疯兘锛涘悇绠＄悊鑱疯兘闁撶殑鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛涚鐞嗚€呯殑 瑙掕壊鑸囨妧鑳�锛�

2銆� 绠＄悊鐞嗚珫鐨勫舰鎴愯垏鐧�(f膩)灞�

3銆� 骞剧ó鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勯亾寰疯锛涘奖闊跨鐞嗛亾寰风殑鍥犵礌锛涗紒妤�(y猫)绀炬渻璨�(z茅)浠�

鐨勯珨鐝�(xi脿n)锛涙敼鍠勪紒妤�(y猫)閬撳痉琛岀偤鐨勯€斿緫锛�

4銆� 鍏叡閮ㄩ杸鑸囩鐕熼儴闁€绠＄悊鐨勭暟鍚�銆�

锛堜簩锛夋焙绛栬垏瑷堝妰

1銆� 姹虹瓥鐨勯亷绋嬨€佸師鍓�銆佸奖闊垮洜绱犮€佸垎椤�锛�

2銆� 瀹氭€ф焙绛栫殑鏂规硶锛�

3銆� 棰�(f膿ng)闅瀷姹虹瓥鏂规硶鑸囦笉纰哄畾鎬ф焙绛栨柟娉曪紙瑷堢畻椤� 姹虹瓥妯广€� 妯傝娉曘€佹偛瑙€娉�銆佹渶灏忔渶澶у悗鎮斿€兼硶锛�

4銆佽▓鍔冪殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�

5銆佸瓟鑼ㄧ殑瑷堝妰灞ゆ楂旂郴锛�

6銆佽▓鍔冪殑绶ㄥ埗閬庣▼锛�

7銆佹埌(zh脿n)鐣ョ挵(hu谩n)澧冨垎鏋�锛�

8銆佹埌(zh脿n)鐣ユ€ц▓鍔冮伕鎿�锛�

9銆佺洰妯�(bi膩o)绠＄悊鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂銆�

锛堜笁锛夌祫绻�

1銆佺祫绻旇ō(sh猫)瑷堢殑褰遍熆鍥犵礌鍙婂師鍓�锛�

2銆佺祫绻旈儴闁€鍖栫殑鍩烘湰褰㈠紡鍙婂悇鑷殑鐗归粸锛�

3銆佺鐞嗗箙搴﹁垏灞ゆ锛�

4銆侀泦娆�(qu谩n)鑸囧垎娆�(qu谩n)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涘奖闊跨祫绻斿垎娆�(qu谩n)绋嬪害鐨勪富瑕佸洜绱�锛�

5銆佷汉鍔涜硣婧愬煿瑷�(x霉n)鍙婄妇鏁堣⿻浼扮殑鏂规硶锛涘収(n猫i)閮ㄦ彁鍗囪垏澶栭儴鎷涜仒鐨勫惈 缇╁強鍎�(y艒u)缂洪粸锛�

6銆佺祫绻旇畩闈╃殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰嬨€佺鐞嗙祫绻旇畩闈�銆佺祫绻旀枃鍖栧強鍏剁櫦(f膩)灞�銆� 锛堝洓锛夐牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)

1銆侀牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鑸囩鐞嗛棞(gu膩n)绯�锛�

2銆侀牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鑰呭叿鍌欑殑瑕佺礌鍜屼綔鐢紱

3銆侀牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)娆�(qu谩n)鍔涚殑渚嗘簮锛�

4銆侀牁(l菒ng)灏�(d菐o)鐞嗚珫鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�锛�

5銆佹縺鍕电悊璜栵細棣柉娲涚殑闇€姹傚堡娆¤珫锛沊 鐞嗚珫鑸� Y 鐞嗚珫锛� 闆欏洜绱犵悊璜�锛涘叕骞崇悊璜�銆佹湡鏈涚悊璜栥€佸挤鍖栫悊璜�锛�

6銆佹簼閫氱殑椤炲垾锛涘厠鏈嶆簼閫氫腑鐨勯殰绀欎竴鑸簴(zh菙n)鍓�銆�

锛堜簲锛夋帶鍒�

1銆佹帶鍒剁殑蹇呰鎬у拰鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛�

2銆佹帶鍒剁殑椤炲瀷鑸囨柟娉�銆�

锛堝叚锛夊壍(chu脿ng)鏂�

1銆佸壍(chu脿ng)鏂板強鍏朵綔鐢�銆佸壍(chu脿ng)鏂拌垏缍寔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紱

2銆佸壍(chu脿ng)鏂拌伔鑳界殑鍩烘湰鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛�

3銆佸壍(chu脿ng)鏂扮殑閬庣▼鍜岀祫绻斻€�

浜�銆�    鍏叡绠＄悊瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭悊璜栫煡璀樺強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�

锛堜竴锛夎畩闈╃殑鏅備唬

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2銆�    鍏叡閮ㄩ杸鏀归潻锛�

3銆�    鍏叡閮ㄩ杸璁婇潻鐨勫嫊鍔涳紱

4銆�    鍏叡绠＄悊瀛�(xu茅)銆�

锛堜簩锛夋斂搴滅殑瑙掕壊

1銆�    鍏叡閮ㄩ杸鐨勫繀瑕佹€�锛�

2銆�    鏀垮簻宸ュ叿锛�

3銆�    浣滅偤鍏叡鏀跨瓥鍩虹(ch菙)鐨勫競鍫村け闈堬紱

4銆�    鏀垮簻骞查爯(y霉)鐨勯殠娈�锛�

5銆�    鏀垮簻鐨勮(gu墨)妯�銆�

锛堜笁锛夊偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫叕鍏辫鏀挎ā寮�

1銆�  鏃╂湡鐨勮鏀�锛�

2銆�  9涓栫磤(j矛)鐨勬敼闈�锛�

3銆�  闊嬩集鐨勫畼鍍氬埗鐞嗚珫锛�

4銆�  濞佺埦閬滆垏鏀挎不鎺у埗锛�

5銆�  娉板嫆鑸囧叕鍏辫鏀匡紱

6銆�  鍌崇当(t菕ng)妯″紡瀛樺湪鐨勫晱椤�銆�

锛堝洓锛夋柊鍏叡绠＄悊

1銆�  绠＄悊鐨勫収(n猫i)娑�锛�

2銆�  绠＄悊鏂规硶鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢燂紱

3銆�  绠＄悊鐨勭悊璜栧熀绀�(ch菙)锛�

4銆�  鏂板叕鍏辩鐞嗙殑鍟忛锛�

5銆�  鍏叡閮ㄩ杸鏀归潻锛�

6銆�  灏嶇鐞嗕富缇╃殑鎵瑰垽銆�

锛堜簲锛夊叕鍏辨斂绛�

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2銆�    鏀跨瓥鍒嗘瀽锛�

3銆�    缍�(j墨ng)婵熸€у叕鍏辨斂绛栵紱

4銆�    鏀挎不鎬у叕鍏辨斂绛�锛�

5銆�    鍩轰簬璀夋摎(j霉)鐨勬斂绛栵紱

6銆�    鏀跨瓥鍒嗘瀽鐨勫眬闄愩€�

锛堝叚锛夋不鐞�

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2銆�    鏂板叕鍏辩鐞嗙殑娌荤悊锛�

3銆�    娌荤悊鑸囩恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)銆�

锛堜竷锛夌鍒�銆佸鍖呭拰鍏叡浼佹キ(y猫)

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2銆�    绨界磩澶栧寘锛�

3銆�    鍏叡浼佹キ(y猫)锛氫綔鐐虹敓鐢�(ch菐n)鑰呯殑鏀垮簻锛�

4銆�    闂�(gu膩n)浜庢皯鐕熷寲鐨勭埈璜栥€�

锛堝叓锛夊埄瀹抽棞(gu膩n)绯讳汉鍜屽閮ㄧ挵(hu谩n)澧�

1銆� 澶栭儴闂�(gu膩n)娉ㄧ殑蹇呰鎬�锛�

2銆� 鍌崇当(t菕ng)妯″紡涓嬬殑澶栭儴闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紱

3銆� 浣滅偤涓€绋鐞嗚伔鑳界殑澶栭儴闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛�

4銆� 鍒╃泭闆嗗湗锛�

5銆� 瓒呰秺鏀跨瓥绀剧兢锛�

6銆� 澶栭儴渚濊炒閬庡害鐨勮獦鐧�(f膩)鍟忛銆�

锛堜節锛夎铂(z茅)浠�

1銆�    璨�(z茅)浠荤殑姒傚康锛�

2銆�    鍏叡閮ㄩ杸鐨勮铂(z茅)浠�锛�

3銆�    鍌崇当(t菕ng)妯″紡涓嬬殑璨�(z茅)浠�锛�

4銆�    绠＄悊涓荤京妯″紡涓嬬殑璨�(z茅)浠�锛�

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