2020骞�鍖椾含鑸┖鑸ぉ澶у961瑷堢畻姗熷熀绀庣稖鍚堣€冪爺澶х侗

涓€銆佽€冭│绲勬垚

961瑷堢畻姗熷熀绀庣稖鍚堝叡鍖呮嫭涓夐杸瑾茬▼鐨勫収瀹癸細瑷堢畻姗熺祫鎴愬師鐞�銆佹搷浣滅郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佽▓绠楁缍�(w菐ng)绲℃妧琛�锛屽垎鍒ュ崰60鍒�锛�50鍒�銆�40鍒�銆傛墍鏈夎绋嬪潎涓嶆寚瀹氬弮鑰冩浉銆�

浜�銆佽▓绠楁绲勬垚鍘熺悊閮ㄥ垎鐨勮€冭│澶х侗锛�60鍒嗭級

<涓€>銆佹暣楂旇姹�

(涓€).鐞嗚В鍠檿鐞嗗櫒瑷堢畻姗熺郴绲�(t菕ng)涓悇閮ㄤ欢鐨勫収閮ㄥ伐浣滃師鐞�銆佺祫鎴愮祼妲嬩互鍙婄浉浜掗€ｆ帴鏂瑰紡锛屽叿鏈夊畬鏁寸殑瑷堢畻姗熺郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬暣姗熸蹇�锛�

(浜�).鐞嗚В瑷堢畻姗熺郴绲�(t菕ng)灞ゆ鍖栫祼妲嬫蹇�锛屾帉鎻′互MIPS鐐轰唬琛ㄧ殑RISC鎸囦护闆嗛珨绯荤祼妲嬬殑鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨锛岃兘灏峂IPS鍖法绋嬪簭瑷▓瑾炶█鐨勭浉闂滃晱椤岄€茶鍒嗘瀽锛�

(涓�).鐞嗚В瑷堢畻姗熷瓨鍎茬郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫堡娆″寲绲愭锛屾帉鎻″堡娆″寲瀛樺劜绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勮ō瑷�銆佸垎鏋愬拰鎬ц兘瑷堢畻锛�

(鍥�).鑳芥牴鎿�(j霉)鎸囦护瑾炵京閫茶鍠懆鏈�銆佸鍛ㄦ湡鎴栨祦姘寸窔MIPS铏曠悊鍣ㄧ殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閫氳矾鍙婂叾鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑鍒嗘瀽鍜岀啊鍠ō瑷�锛�

(浜�).鐞嗚В骞舵帉鎻¤几鍏ヨ几鍑虹郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈煡璀樸€�

< 浜�>銆佺煡璀樿榛�

(涓€)銆佽▓绠楁绯荤当(t菕ng)姒傝堪

锛�1锛夎▓绠楁绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈祫鎴愯垏灞ゆ绲愭

锛�2锛夎▓绠楁绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬€ц兘鎸囨锛氬悶鍚愰噺銆侀熆鎳夋檪闁�銆佸付瀵�銆佸欢閬�锛汣PU鏅傞悩鍛ㄦ湡銆佷富闋�銆丆PI銆丆PU鍩�(zh铆)琛屾檪闁�锛汳IPS銆丮FLOPS銆丟FLOPS銆乀FLOPS銆丳FLOPS銆�

(浜�)銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勮〃绀哄拰閬嬬畻

锛�1锛夋暩(sh霉)鍒惰垏绶ㄧ⒓

锛�2锛夊畾榛炴暩(sh霉)鍜屾诞榛炴暩(sh霉)鐨勮〃绀哄拰閬嬬畻

锛�3锛夌畻琛撻倧杓柈鍏傾LU

l涓茶鍔犳硶鍣ㄥ拰骞惰鍔犳硶鍣�

l绠楄閭忚集鍠厓ALU鐨勫姛鑳藉拰绲愭

(涓�)銆佸瓨鍎插櫒灞ゆ绲愭

锛�1锛夊瓨鍎插櫒鐨勫堡娆″寲绲愭

锛�2锛変富瀛樺劜鍣ㄨ垏CPU鐨勯€ｆ帴

锛�3锛夐珮閫熺珐娌栧瓨鍎插櫒(Cache)

lCache鐨勫熀鏈伐浣滃師鐞�

lCach鍜屼富瀛樹箣闁撶殑鏄犲皠鏂瑰紡

lCache涓富瀛樺鐨勬浛鎻涚畻娉曡垏瀵瓥鐣�

l澶氬堡娆ache鎬ц兘瑷堢畻

锛�4锛夎櫅鎿瓨鍎插櫒

l铏涙摤瀛樺劜鍣ㄧ殑鍩烘湰姒傚康

l闋佸紡铏涙摤瀛樺劜鍣�

lTLB(蹇〃)

(鍥�)銆丮IPS鎸囦护绯荤当(t菕ng)鍙婂尟绶ㄨ獮瑷€

锛�1锛夋寚浠ょ郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈煡璀橈紙鎸囦护鏍煎紡銆佸皨鍧€鏂瑰紡锛�

锛�2锛塎IPS鍖法瑾炶█

(浜�)銆丮IPS铏曠悊鍣�

锛�1锛塁PU鐨勫姛鑳藉拰鍩烘湰绲愭

锛�2锛夊柈鍛ㄦ湡銆佸鍛ㄦ湡MIPS铏曠悊鍣ㄦ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閫氳矾鐨勫姛鑳藉拰鍩烘湰绲愭

锛�3锛夌‖甯冪窔鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑鍔熻兘鍜屽伐浣滃師鐞�

l鍠懆鏈熻檿鐞嗗櫒鎺у埗鍣�

l澶氬懆鏈熻檿鐞嗗櫒鎺у埗鍣�

锛�4锛夋寚浠ゆ祦姘寸窔

l鎸囦护娴佹按绶氱殑鍩烘湰姒傚康

l娴佹按绶氬啋闅強铏曠悊绛栫暐

l鎸囦护娴佹按绶氱殑鍩烘湰瀵︾従(xi脿n)

锛堝叚锛�銆佺附绶氳垏杓稿叆杓稿嚭(I/O)绯荤当(t菕ng)

锛�1锛夌附绶氱殑鍩烘湰姒傚康

锛�2锛夌鐩ゅ瓨鍎插櫒

锛�3锛塈/O鎺у埗鍣�

lI/O鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑鍔熻兘鍜屽熀鏈祼妲�

l瀛樺劜鏄犲皠I/O绶ㄥ潃

锛�4锛夊熀鏈琁/O鏂瑰紡

l绋嬪簭鏌ヨ鏂瑰紡

l绋嬪簭涓柗鏂瑰紡锛氫腑鏂风殑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛屼腑鏂烽熆鎳夐亷绋�锛屼腑鏂疯檿鐞嗛亷绋�锛屽閲嶄腑鏂峰拰涓柗灞忚斀鐨勬蹇�锛�

lDMA鏂瑰紡锛孌MA鎺у埗鍣ㄧ祫鎴�锛孌MA鍌抽€侀亷绋�锛岃ō鍌欏偝杓告€ц兘瑷堢畻銆�

涓�銆佹搷浣滅郴绲�(t菕ng)閮ㄥ垎鐨勮€冭│澶х侗锛�50鍒嗭級

锛堜竴锛夊彲鍙冭€冩浉鐩�

1.鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)瀵︾敤鏁欑▼锛堢涓夌増锛�锛屼换鎰涜彲锛屾竻鑿ぇ瀛稿嚭鐗堢ぞ銆�

2.鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｆ搷浣滅郴绲�(t菕ng)(Modern Operating System) (The 3rd Edition),闄冲悜缇�,棣椽鍏电瓑璀�,Andrew S. Tanenbaum钁�,姗熸宸ユキ(y猫)鍑虹増绀�銆�

锛堜簩锛夊京缈掑収瀹�

1.鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)姒傝堪

a)鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛涘収鏍告厠(t脿i)鑸囩敤鎴舵厠(t脿i)銆佷腑鏂�銆佺暟甯稿拰绯荤当(t菕ng)瑾跨敤銆�

2.閫茬▼绠＄悊

a)閫茬▼銆佺窔绋嬬殑鍩烘湰姒傚康浠ュ強鍏╄€呯殑鍗€(q奴)鍒ワ紱

b)閫茬▼鎺у埗濉�銆侀€茬▼鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)鑸囪綁鎻�锛�

c)閫茬▼鍚屾鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛涘鐝�(xi脿n)鑷ㄧ晫鍗€(q奴)浜掓枼鐨勫熀鏈柟娉曪紱淇¤櫉閲忔鍒跺強P銆乂鎿嶄綔锛涗簡瑙ｇ稉(j墨ng)鍏稿悓姝ュ晱椤�锛屽苟閫氶亷淇¤櫉閲忔鍒惰В姹洪€茬▼鍚屾鍟忛銆�

d)閫茬▼闁撻€氫俊锛屽寘鎷叡浜瓨鍎茬郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佹秷鎭偝閬炵郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佺閬�銆�

e)閫茬▼瑾垮害鐨勫熀鏈簴鍓�锛涘吀鍨嬭搴︾畻娉曪細鍏堜締鍏堟湇鍕欒搴︾畻娉�銆佺煭浣滄キ(y猫)(鐭€茬▼銆佺煭绶氱▼)鍎�(y艒u)鍏堣搴︾畻娉曘€佹檪闁撶墖杓綁瑾垮害绠楁硶銆佸劒(y艒u)鍏堢礆瑾垮害绠楁硶銆�

f)姝婚帠鐨勫舰鎴愬師鍥犺垏蹇呰姊濅欢锛涙閹栭爯闃�銆佹閹栭伩鍏�銆佹閹栨娓拰瑙ｉ櫎銆�

3.鍏у瓨绠＄悊

a)绋嬪簭瑁濆叆鑸囬張鎺�锛涢倧杓湴鍧€鑸囩墿鐞嗗湴鍧€绌洪枔锛涢噸瀹氫綅锛涘収瀛樹繚璀�銆�

b)鍒嗗崁(q奴)绠＄悊锛涗氦鎻涜垏瑕嗚搵鎶€琛擄紱

c)鍒嗛爜绠＄悊鏂瑰紡锛涘垎娈电鐞嗘柟寮�锛涙闋佸紡绠＄悊鏂瑰紡銆�

d)铏涙摤鍏у瓨鍩烘湰姒傚康鍜屽眬閮ㄦ€у師鐞�锛涚己闋佷腑鏂�锛涘湴鍧€璁婃彌閬庣▼锛�

e)闋侀潰缃彌绠楁硶锛氭渶浣崇疆鎻涚畻娉�(OPT)銆佸厛閫插厛鍑虹疆鎻涚畻娉�(FIFO)銆佹渶杩戞渶灏戜娇鐢ㄧ疆鎻涚畻娉�(LRU)銆佹檪閻樼疆鎻涚畻娉�(CLOCK)锛涘伐浣滈泦妯″瀷銆�

4.瑷倷绠＄悊

a) I/O鎺у埗鏂瑰紡锛氱▼搴忔帶鍒�銆佷腑鏂枫€丏MA銆侀€氶亾锛涚珐娌栨妧琛�锛涘亣鑴鎶€琛�(SPOOLing)銆�

5.鏂囦欢绯荤当(t菕ng)

a)鏂囦欢鑸囨枃浠剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛涚祫绻旀柟寮�锛涙枃浠舵帶鍒跺锛涚洰閷勭祼妲�锛涙枃浠跺瓨鍙栨帶鍒讹紱鏂囦欢绯荤当(t菕ng)灞ゆ绲愭銆�

b锛夌鐩ょ殑绲愭锛涚鐩よ搴︾畻娉曪紱寤夊児鍐椾綑纾佺洡闄ｅ垪銆�

鍥涖€佽▓绠楁缍�(w菐ng)绲￠儴鍒嗙殑鑰冭│澶х侗锛�40鍒嗭級

锛堜竴锛夊彲鍙冭€冩浉鐩�

1銆併€婅▓绠楁缍�(w菐ng)绲°€�(绗�7鐗�)锛岃瑵甯屼粊绶ㄨ憲锛岄浕瀛愬伐妤�(y猫)鍑虹増绀撅紝2017

2銆併€婅▓绠楁缍�(w菐ng)绲°€�(绗�5鐗�)锛孉ndrew S. Tanenbaum锛屽毚鍋�锛屾綐鎰涙皯璀�锛屾竻鑿ぇ瀛稿嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2012

锛堜簩锛夊京缈掑収瀹�

1銆佽▓绠楁缍�(w菐ng)绲℃杩�

(1)瑷堢畻姗熺恫(w菐ng)绲″畾缇╄垏鍒嗛

(2)瑷堢畻姗熺恫(w菐ng)绲￠珨绯荤祼妲�

(3)缍�(w菐ng)绲℃婧栧寲宸ヤ綔鍙婄浉闂滅祫绻�

2銆佺墿鐞嗗堡

(1)鐗╃悊灞ょ殑鍩烘湰姒傚康

(2)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閫氫俊鐨勫熀绀庣煡璀�

(3)鍌宠几浠嬭唱鍙婂叾鐗规€�

(4)淇￠亾寰╃敤鎶€琛�

(5)鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀偝杓哥郴绲�(t菕ng)

(6)瀵付鎺ュ叆鎶€琛�

3銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閺堣矾灞�

(1)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閺堣矾灞ゅ姛鑳藉拰瑷▓瑕侀粸

(2)閷妾㈡脯鍜岀尘姝�

(3)鍩烘湰鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閺堣矾鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛屽寘鎷細鍋滄-绛夊緟鍗�(xi茅)璀般€佸悗閫€N骞€鍗�(xi茅)璀板拰閬告搰閲嶅偝鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛�

(4)婊戝嫊绐楀彛鍗�(xi茅)璀�

(5)榛炲皪榛炲崝(xi茅)璀癙PP

(6)浠嬭唱瑷晱鎺у埗鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛屽寘鎷粙璩í鍟忔帶鍒跺熀鏈蹇�銆佸崝(xi茅)璀板垎椤�銆丆SMA/CD鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛�

(7)浠ュお缍�(w菐ng)锛屽寘鎷琁EEE灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)妯欐簴銆佷互澶恫(w菐ng)銆侀珮閫熶互澶恫(w菐ng)鎶€琛擄紱

(8)灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)浜掗€ｆ妧琛�锛屽寘鎷墿鐞嗗堡鍙婃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閺堣矾灞や簰閫ｆ妧琛撱€佺恫(w菐ng)姗嬫蹇靛拰宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊銆佸眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)浜ゆ彌姗熷伐浣滃師鐞嗭紱

(9) 鐒＄窔灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)(IEEE802.11)鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨锛屽寘鎷珻SMA/CA鍗�(xi茅)璀板師鐞嗙瓑銆�

4銆佺恫(w菐ng)绲″堡

(1)缍�(w菐ng)绲″堡鎻愪緵鐨勫叐绋湇鍕�

(2) IP鍗�(xi茅)璀�

(3)鍔冨垎瀛愮恫(w菐ng)鍜屾閫犺秴缍�(w菐ng)

(4) ICMP鍗�(xi茅)璀�

(5)璺敱绠楁硶鍙婂崝(xi茅)璀�锛屽寘鎷矾鐢辩畻娉曞垎椤炪€佽窛闆㈠悜閲忚矾鐢辩畻娉曞強RIP鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆侀張璺媭鎱�(t脿i)璺敱绠楁硶鍙奜SPF鍗�(xi茅)璀般€丅GP鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛�

(6) IP绲勬挱鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆佺壒榛炲強鐢ㄩ€�

(7)缍�(w菐ng)绲″湴鍧€杞夋彌NAT鍘熺悊

(8) IPv6鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨锛屽寘鎷細IPv6鐗归粸銆佸湴鍧€銆佸寘绲愭绛�

5銆佸偝杓稿堡

(1)鍌宠几灞ゅ姛鑳藉強鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕�

(2) UDP鍗�(xi茅)璀�

(3) TCP鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛屽寘鎷細鍫辨枃娈垫牸寮�銆佸彲闈犲偝杓�銆佹祦閲忔帶鍒�銆佹搧濉炴帶鍒跺拰閫ｆ帴绠＄悊銆�

6銆佹噳鐢ㄥ堡

(1)濂楁帴瀛楃法绋嬫帴鍙�

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