|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
2019 骞�瑗垮崡绉戞妧澶у纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熸嫑鐢熻€冭│锛堝垵瑭︼級
鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
807 鐗╃悊鍖栧鈪�
鈥� 浣跨敤鏈鐩殑鎷涚敓瀛哥/椤炲垾
瀛哥/椤炲垾鍚嶇ū鍙婁唬纰煎绉�/椤炲垾鎵€鍦ㄥ闄�
0703 鍖栧
0817 鍖栧宸ョ▼鑸囨妧琛撴潗鏂欑瀛歌垏宸ョ▼瀛搁櫌
085216 鍖栧宸ョ▼
涓€銆佺附楂旇姹�
鐗╃悊鍖栧鏄寲瀛稿绉戠殑鐞嗚珫鍩虹锛岃姹傝€冪敓杓冪偤绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦版帉鎻″寲瀛哥啽鍔涘銆佸寲瀛稿嫊
鍔涘銆侀浕鍖栧銆佺晫闈㈠寲瀛稿拰鑶犻珨鍖栧鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�銆佹柟娉曞強鍏舵噳鐢�锛屽叿鏈夋槑纰虹殑鍩烘湰姒�
蹇�锛岀啛绶寸殑瑷堢畻鑳藉姏锛屽悓鏅傚叿鏈変竴鑸瀛告柟娉曠殑瑷撶反鍜岄倧杓€濈董鑳藉姏銆�
浜�銆佸収瀹瑰強姣斾緥
1. 姘ｉ珨锛�3%宸﹀彸
鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼鍜屽垎瀛愭ā鍨嬶紝鎽╃埦姘ｉ珨甯告暩(sh霉)锛� Dalton 鍒嗗瀹氬緥锛屽闅涙埃楂旂殑
pVT 琛岀偤鍙婃櫘閬嶅寲鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼寮�锛寁an der Waals 鏂圭▼寮�锛屽闅涙埃楂旂殑娑插寲锛岃嚚鐣屽弮鏁�(sh霉)锛�
灏嶆瘮鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍜屽绺洜瀛愬湒銆�
2. 鐔卞姏瀛哥涓€瀹氬緥鍜岀啽鍔涘绗簩瀹氬緥锛�27%宸﹀彸
鐔卞姏瀛哥殑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛堢郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧�銆佸唬搴︽€ц唱銆佸挤搴︽€ц唱銆佺啽鍔涘骞宠 鎱�(t脿i)銆佺媭鎱�(t脿i)鍑�
鏁�(sh霉)銆佸姛銆佺啽銆侀亷绋�銆侀€斿緫銆佺啽鍔涘鑳斤級锛岄珨绌嶅姛鐨勮▓绠�锛屾簴闈滄厠(t脿i)閬庣▼銆佸彲閫嗛亷绋嬭垏鍙�
閫嗛珨绌嶅姛锛岀啽鍔涘绗竴瀹氬緥銆佺啽瀹瑰強鐒�锛岀悊鎯虫埃楂旂殑鐔卞姏瀛歌兘鍜岀創銆佺悊鎯虫埃楂旂殑绲曠啽
鍙€嗛亷绋嬫柟绋嬪紡锛孞oule-Thomson 鏁堟噳锛屽寲瀛稿弽鎳夌殑鐔辨晥鎳�锛屽弽鎳夐€插害锛岀墿璩殑妯欐簴鎱�(t脿i)
鍙婂弽鎳夌殑妯欐簴鎽╃埦鐒撹畩銆丠ess 瀹氬緥锛屾婧栨懇鐖剧敓鎴愮創锛屾婧栨懇鐖剧噧鐕掔創锛屽寲瀛歌畩鍖栭亷
绋嬩腑 螖rUm銆佄攔Hm銆佄攔Sm銆丵銆乄 鐨勮▓绠�锛孠irchhoff 瀹氬緥锛岀禃鐔卞弽鎳�銆�
鐔卞姏瀛哥浜屽畾寰嬬殑琛ㄨ堪锛岃嚜鐧�(f膩)璁婂寲鍙婂叾鐗瑰緛锛孋arnot 寰挵(hu谩n)鍙� Carnot 瀹氱悊锛岀啽鍔涘
绗簩瀹氬緥锛岀喌澧炲姞鍘熺悊锛岀喌鍒ゆ摎(j霉)锛岀喌鍜岃兘閲忛€€闄�锛岀啽鍔涘绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勬湰璩拰鐔电殑绲�(t菕ng)瑷�
94
鎰忕京锛岀啽鍔涘绗笁瀹氬緥锛屛擲 鐨勮▓绠�锛孒elmholtz 鑷敱鑳借垏 Gibbs 鑷敱鑳斤紝Helmholtz 鑷�
鐢辫兘鍒ゆ摎(j霉)鑸� Gibbs 鑷敱鑳藉垽鎿�(j霉)锛屾埃楂斿柈绱� pVT 璁婂寲閬庣▼銆佺浉璁婂寲閬庣▼銆佸寲瀛稿弽鎳夐亷绋�
螖A銆佄擥 鐨勮▓绠�锛岀啽鍔涘鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫熀鏈棞绯诲紡鍙婃噳鐢�锛孧axwell 闂滅郴寮�锛孏ibbs-Helmholtz
鏂圭▼銆�
3. 澶氱祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鐔卞姏瀛稿強鍏跺湪婧舵恫涓殑鎳夌敤锛�7%宸﹀彸
鍩烘湰姒傚康锛堢浉銆佸柈鐩哥郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佸鐩哥郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佹憾娑层€佹贩鍚堢墿锛�锛屽绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭祫鎴愯〃绀�
娉�锛屽亸鎽╃埦閲忓拰鍖栧鍕紝Raoult 瀹氬緥鍜� Henry 瀹氬緥锛屽绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭啽鍔涘鍩烘湰闂滅郴
寮�锛屽寲瀛稿嫝鍒ゆ摎(j霉)锛岀悊鎯虫埃楂斿強鍏舵贩鍚堢墿鐨勫寲瀛稿嫝锛岀湡瀵︽埃楂斿強鍏舵贩鍚堢墿鐨勫寲瀛稿嫝锛岀悊
鎯虫恫鎱�(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗╁強鍏堕€氭€�锛岀悊鎯崇█婧舵恫锛岀█婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬�锛岄€稿害鍙婇€稿害鍥犲瓙锛屾椿搴﹀強娲�
搴﹀洜瀛�銆�
4. 鐩稿钩琛★細17%宸﹀彸
澶氱浉楂旂郴骞宠 鐨勪竴鑸浠讹紝鍩烘湰姒傚康锛堢浉鍜岀浉鏁�(sh霉)銆佺墿绋暩(sh霉)銆佺崹绔嬬祫鍒嗘暩(sh霉)銆佽嚜鐢卞害
鍜屾浠惰嚜鐢卞害锛�锛孋lapeyron 鏂圭▼锛孋lausius-Clapeyron 鏂圭▼锛岀浉寰�锛屾潬妗胯(gu墨)鍓�锛屽柈绲勫垎
绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭浉鍦栧強鎳夌敤锛屼簩绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭浉鍦栧強鍏舵噳鐢ㄣ€�
5. 鍖栧骞宠 锛�10%宸﹀彸
鍖栧鍙嶆噳鐨勫钩琛℃浠�锛屽寲瀛稿弽鎳夌殑骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鍜岀瓑婧柟绋嬪紡锛屽钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮〃绀哄紡锛�
寰╃浉鍖栧骞宠 锛屾婧栨懇鐖惧弽鎳� Gibbs 鑷敱鑳�锛屽钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬脯瀹氬拰骞宠 杞夊寲鐜囩殑瑷堢畻锛�
鍖栧骞宠 鐨勫奖闊垮洜绱�锛屽悓鏅傚寲瀛稿钩琛�锛屽弽鎳夌殑鑰﹀悎銆�
6. 闆诲寲瀛革細13%宸﹀彸
鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨锛堢浜岄灏庨珨鐨勫皫闆绘€ц兘锛岄浕瑙ｆ睜鑸囧師闆绘睜锛孎(xi脿n)araday 闆昏В瀹氬緥锛�锛岄洟瀛�
鐨勯浕閬风Щ鐜囧拰閬风Щ鏁�(sh霉)锛岄浕瑙ｈ唱婧舵恫鐨勯浕灏�锛岄洟瀛愮崹绔嬮亱鍕曞畾寰嬭垏闆㈠瓙鐨勬懇鐖鹃浕灏庣巼锛�
闆诲皫鐨勬脯瀹氬強鎳夌敤锛岄浕瑙ｈ唱鐨勫钩鍧囨椿搴﹀強骞冲潎娲诲害鍥犲瓙锛岄洟瀛愬挤搴�锛屽挤闆昏В璩憾娑茬悊
璜栧熀绀庯紝Debye-H眉chel 妤甸檺鍏紡銆�
鍙€嗛浕姹犲拰鍙€嗛浕妤碉紝闆诲嫊鍕㈢殑娓畾锛屽彲閫嗛浕姹犵殑鏇稿鏂规硶鍙婇浕鍕曞嫝鐨勫彇铏燂紝鍙�
閫嗛浕姹犵殑鐔卞姏瀛�锛岄浕鍕曞嫝鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑姗熺悊锛岄浕妤甸浕鍕㈠拰闆绘睜鐨勯浕鍕曞嫝锛岄浕鍕曞嫝娓畾鐨勬噳
鐢�銆�
鍒嗚В闆诲锛屾サ鍖栦綔鐢ㄨ垏瓒呴浕鍕紝闆昏В鏅傞浕妤典笂鐨勭鐖弽鎳夛紝閲戝爆鐨勯浕鍖栧鑵愯潟銆�
闃茶厫鑸囬噾灞殑閳嶅寲锛屽寲瀛搁浕婧愩€�
7. 鍖栧鍕曞姏瀛稿熀绀庯細16%宸﹀彸
鍖栧鍕曞姏瀛哥殑浠诲嫏鍜岀洰鐨�锛屽寲瀛稿弽鎳夐€熺巼琛ㄧず娉�锛屽熀鏈蹇碉紙鍖栧鍙嶆噳閫熺巼锛屽熀
95
鍏冨弽鎳夊拰闈炲熀鍏冨弽鎳夈€佸弽鎳夊垎瀛愭暩(sh霉)銆佸弽鎳夌礆鏁�(sh霉)銆佸弽鎳夌殑閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)锛夛紝璩噺浣滅敤瀹氬緥锛�
鍖栧鍙嶆噳鐨勯€熺巼鏂圭▼锛屽叿鏈夌啊鍠礆鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫弽鎳夛紝鍙嶆噳绱氭暩(sh霉)鐨勭⒑瀹氾紝涓夌ó鍏稿瀷鐨勫京闆滃弽鎳�
锛堝皪宄欏弽鎳�銆佸钩琛屽弽鎳夈€侀€ｇ簩(x霉)鍙嶆噳锛�锛屾韩搴﹀皪鍙嶆噳閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�锛孉rrhenius 鍏紡锛屾椿鍖�
鑳� Ea 灏嶅弽鎳夐€熺巼鐨勫奖闊�锛岄張鍙嶆噳锛屾摤瀹氬弽鎳夋绋嬩竴鑸柟娉�锛岀鎾炵悊璜栵紝閬庢浮鎱�(t脿i)鐞嗚珫锛�
鍌寲鍙嶆噳鍕曞姏瀛�銆�
8. 琛ㄩ潰鐗╃悊鍖栧锛�4%宸﹀彸
琛ㄩ潰 Gibbs 鑷敱鑳藉拰琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏锛屽綆鏇茶〃闈笂鐨勯檮鍔犲鍔涘拰钂告埃澹�锛屾憾娑茬殑琛ㄩ潰鍚�
闄勶紝娑�-娑茬晫闈㈢殑鎬ц唱锛岃啘锛屾恫-鍥虹晫闈㈢従(xi脿n)璞�锛岃〃闈㈡椿鎬у姂鍙婂叾浣滅敤锛屽浐楂旇〃闈㈢殑鍚搁檮锛�
Langmuir 鍚搁檮寮�锛屾埃-鍥虹浉琛ㄩ潰鍌寲鍙嶆噳銆�
9. 鑶犻珨鍒嗘暎绯荤当(t菕ng)鍜屽ぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫锛�3%宸﹀彸
鑶犻珨鍜岃啝楂旂殑鍩烘湰鐗规€�锛屾憾鑶犵殑鍒跺倷鍜屽噲鍖�锛屾憾鑶犵殑鍕曞姏鎬ц唱锛屾憾鑶犵殑鍏夊鎬�
璩�锛屾憾鑶犵殑闆诲鎬ц唱锛岄洐闆诲堡鐞嗚珫鍜� 味 闆讳綅锛屾憾鑶犵殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰鑱氭矇浣滅敤锛屼钩鐙€娑�锛屽嚌鑶�锛�
澶у垎瀛愭憾娑�锛孌onnan 骞宠 鍜岃仛闆昏В璩憾娑茬殑婊查€忓銆�
涓�銆侀鍨嬪強鍒嗗€兼瘮渚�
1. 閬告搰椤岋細40 鍒嗗乏鍙筹紙27%锛�
2. 濉┖椤岋細45 鍒嗗乏鍙筹紙30%锛�
3. 瑷堢畻椤岋細35 鍒嗗乏鍙筹紙23%锛�
4. 璀夋槑椤岋細5 鍒嗗乏鍙筹紙3%锛�
5. 鐩稿湒椤岋細20 鍒嗗乏鍙筹紙14%锛�
6. 绨＄瓟椤岋細5 鍒嗗乏鍙筹紙3%锛�
鍥涖€佸弮闁辨浉鐩�
鍗椾含澶у鍖栧鍖栧伐瀛搁櫌 鍌呯嵒褰╃瓑绶細銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛搞€嬶紙涓�銆佷笅鍐婏級锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗�
绀�锛�2005 骞� 7 鏈堢 5 鐗�
.
.
鍏嶈铂鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞夎級鑷恫(w菐ng)绲�锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛烇紝鑸囨湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏у鏈稉(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂滃収瀹广€�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
