|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�
锛堜竴锛夊寲瀛�(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)
1. 鎺屾彙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鍜岃寖寰疯彲姘ｉ珨鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼銆傜悊瑙ｇ啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴銆佷簩銆佷笁瀹氬緥鐨�
鏁樿堪鍙婃暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛屾槑纰� U銆丠銆丼銆丄銆丟 鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍜� 螖cHm胃锛屛攆Hm胃锛屛攆Gm胃
鍜� Sm胃 鍑芥暩(sh霉)绛夋蹇点€傛帉鎻″湪鐗╃郴鐨� p銆乂銆乀 璁婂寲銆佺浉璁婂寲鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)璁婂寲閬�(gu貌)
绋嬩腑瑷�(j矛)绠楃啽銆佸姛鍜屽悇绋媭鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)璁婂寲鍊肩殑鍘熺悊鍜屾柟娉曘€傛帉鎻＄喌澧炲師鐞嗙殑
鍚勭ó骞宠 鍒ゆ摎(j霉)銆傛帉鎻＄啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍏紡鐨勯仼鐢ㄦ浠�锛屾帉鎻＄啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂圭▼鍜�
Maxwell 闂�(gu膩n)绯诲紡銆�
2. 鐞嗚В鍋忔懇鐖鹃噺鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬蹇�銆傝兘鐢� Clapeyron 鍜� Clapeyron-Clausius 鏂圭▼
閫�(j矛n)琛屾湁闂�(gu膩n)鐩稿钩琛＄殑瑷�(j矛)绠�銆傛帉鎻℃媺鐑忕埦瀹氬緥鍜屼酣鍒╁畾寰嬩互鍙婂畠鍊戠殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
鎺屾彙鐞嗘兂婧舵恫鍜岀█婧舵恫涓寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)寮�锛岀悊瑙ｉ€稿害鍜屾椿搴︾殑姒傚康鍜岄€�
搴﹀拰娲诲害鐨勭殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎱�(t脿i)鍜屽皪(du矛)绲勫垎娲诲害鍙婃椿搴︾郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉�銆傛帉鎻″柈绲勫垎
鍜屼簩绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏稿瀷鐩稿湒鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傝兘鐢ㄦ潬妗胯(gu墨)鍓囬€�(j矛n)琛岃▓(j矛)绠楋紝鐔熺反鎺�
鎻＄浉鍦栫殑鍒嗘瀽銆�
3. 鎺屾彙鐢ㄧ啽鍔涘(xu茅)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瑷�(j矛)绠� K胃銆傛帉鎻＄敤绛夋韩鏂圭▼鍜岀瓑澹撴柟绋嬮€�(j矛n)琛屾湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�
鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛岀悊瑙ｆ韩搴�銆佹績搴�銆佸鍔涘皪(du矛)鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勫奖闊裤€�
(浜�)闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)
1. 鐞嗚В鍜屾帉鎻￠浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)闆㈠瓙閬风Щ鏁�(sh霉)銆佺崹(d煤)绔嬮洟瀛愰亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)瀹氬緥銆佹椿搴�銆侀洟瀛愬钩鍧囨椿搴�
绯绘暩(sh霉)鐨勬蹇靛拰瑷�(j矛)绠椼€備簡瑙ｉ洟瀛愭皼鐨勬蹇靛拰 Debye-Hiieckel 妤甸檺鍏紡銆�
2. 鎺屾彙鍚勯闆绘サ鐨勭壒寰佸拰闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)娓�(c猫)瀹氱殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屾帉鎻� Nernst 鏂圭▼瑷�(j矛)绠楀拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
鐞嗚В鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼浕妤垫サ鍖栫殑鍘熷洜鍜岃秴闆诲嫝(sh矛)鐨勬蹇点€�
锛堜笁锛夎啝楂旇垏鐣岄潰鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
1. 鐞嗚В鍜屾帉鎻￠檮鍔犲鍔�銆丩aplace 鍏紡銆並elvin 鍏紡銆乊oung 鏂圭▼鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
2. 鎺屾彙鍥洪珨琛ㄩ潰 Langmuir 鍚搁檮鍜屾憾娑茶〃闈� Gibbs 鍚搁檮妯″瀷鍜屽惛闄勭瓑婧紡銆�
3. 鎺屾彙婧惰啝鐨勯浕瀛�(xu茅)鐗规€у強闆昏В璩�(zh矛)灏�(du矛)婧惰啝鐨勮仛娌夊奖闊�
锛堝洓锛夊寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)
1. 鐞嗚В鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�锛屾帉鎻￠浂銆佷竴銆佷簩绱�(j铆)
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鏂圭▼鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涙帉鎻＄敱鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗗缓绔嬮€熺巼鏂圭▼鐨勮繎浼兼柟娉曪紙绌�(w臎n)
瀹氭厠(t脿i)杩戜技娉�銆佸钩琛℃厠(t脿i)杩戜技娉曪級锛涗簡瑙ｅ鐩稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬椹�锛涚悊瑙ｇ稉(j墨ng)鍏搁亷(gu貌)娓℃厠(t脿i)鐞�
璜栫殑鍩烘湰鎬濇兂銆佸熀鏈叕寮忓強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)姒傚康銆�
2. 鎺屾彙闃夸緰灏肩儚鏂柟绋嬪強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屾槑纰烘椿鍖栬兘鍙婂奖闊垮弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫洜绱犲皪(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫�
鐜囩殑褰遍熆銆�
锛堜簲锛夊弮鑰冩浉(sh奴)鐩細銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬩笂銆佷笅鍐�(c猫)锛岄珮鏁欏嚭鐗堢ぞ锛岀浜旂増锛屽ぉ娲ュぇ瀛�(xu茅)绶�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
