鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
2018 骞寸ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│鍒濊│鑰冭│澶х侗 绉戠洰浠g⒓锛�804 绉戠洰鍚嶇ū锛氱墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅) 閬╃敤灏堟キ(y猫)锛氱挵(hu谩n)澧冪瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧伐绋嬨€佺挵(hu谩n)澧冨伐绋嬨€佹潗鏂欑瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧伐绋�銆佹潗鏂欏伐绋� 鑰冭│鏅傞枔锛�3 灏忔檪 鑰冭│鏂瑰紡锛氱瓎瑭� 绺� 鍒嗭細150 鍒� 鑰冭│鑼冨湇锛� 涓€銆佹杩� 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)瑾茬▼涓昏鍖呮嫭鍖栧(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)銆侀浕鍖栧(xu茅)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)銆佺晫闈㈢従(xi脿n)璞�銆佽啝楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鍜� 绲�(t菕ng)瑷堢啽鍔涘(xu茅)绛夊叚鍊嬮儴鍒�銆傚叾涓墠鍥涢儴鍒嗙偤涓昏鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆� 鑰冪敓鎳�(y墨ng)姣旇純鐗㈠浐鍦版帉鎻$墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鍩烘湰 姒傚康鍙婅▓绠楁柟娉曪紝鍚屾檪閭勬噳(y墨ng)鎺屾彙鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)涓€鑸柟娉�锛屽強绲�(ji茅)鍚堝叿楂旀浠舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ悊璜栬В姹哄闅涘晱椤� 鐨勮兘鍔涖€� 鍦ㄧ墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)瀵﹂鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛腑锛岃姹傛帉鎻″父鐢ㄧ殑鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)瀵﹂鏂规硶鍜屾脯瑭︽妧琛�(sh霉)銆傚湪 鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勭墿鐞嗛噺瑷堢畻鍜岃〃杩颁腑锛屾敞鎰忛噰鐢ㄥ湅瀹舵(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍠綅鍒讹紙SI 鍒讹級鍙婇伒寰湁鏁堟暩(sh霉)閬嬬畻瑕�(gu墨)鍓囥€� 浜�銆佽绋嬭€冭│鐨勫熀鏈姹� 1銆佺悊璜栭儴鍒嗭紙110 鍒嗭級 涓嬮潰鎸夊寲瀛�(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)銆佺当(t菕ng)瑷堢啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍒濇銆侀浕鍖栧(xu茅)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)銆佺晫闈㈢従(xi脿n)璞″拰鑶犻珨鍖栧(xu茅) 鍏€嬮儴鍒嗗垪鍑哄熀鏈姹�銆傚熀鏈姹傛寜娣卞叆绋嬪害鍒嗏€滀簡瑙b€�銆� 鈥滅悊瑙b€濆拰鈥滄帉鎻♀€濅笁鍊嬪堡 娆°€� 锛�1锛夊寲瀛�(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅) 鈶� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙) 鐞嗚В涓嬪垪鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩烘湰姒傚康锛氬钩琛$媭鎱�(t脿i)锛岀媭鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛屽彲閫嗛亷绋�锛岀啽鍔涘(xu茅)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎱�(t脿i)銆� 鐞嗚В鐔� 鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴銆佺浜屽畾寰嬬殑鏁樿堪鍙婃暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛屾帉鎻$啽鍔涘(xu茅)鑳�銆佺創銆佺喌銆丠elmholtz 鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍜� Gibbs 鍑芥暩(sh霉)绛夌啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍙婃(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐕冪噿鐒撱€佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐢熸垚鐒�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐔�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐢熸垚 Gibbs 鍑芥暩(sh霉)绛� 姒傚康銆傛帉鎻″湪鐗╄唱(zh矛) P銆乂銆乀 璁婂寲銆佺浉璁婂寲鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)璁婂寲閬庣▼涓▓绠楃啽銆佸姛鍜屽悇绋媭鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)璁婂寲 鍊肩殑鍘熺悊鍜屾柟娉�銆傚湪灏囩啽鍔涘(xu茅)涓€鑸棞(gu膩n)绯诲紡鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬鐗瑰畾绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬檪鍊欙紝鏈冩噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ媭鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼(涓昏鏄� 鐞嗘兂姘i珨鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼锛屽叾娆℃槸 Van der Waals 鏂圭▼)鍜岀墿鎬ф暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)(鐔卞銆佺浉璁婄啽銆佽捀姹藉绛�)銆� 鎺屾彙鐔靛鍘熺悊鍜屽悇绋钩琛″垽鎿�(j霉)銆傜悊瑙g啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍏紡鐨勯仼鐢ㄦ浠�銆� 鐞嗚В鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂圭▼鍜� Maxwell 闂�(gu膩n)绯诲紡銆� 鎺屾彙鐢ㄧ啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂圭▼鍜� Maxwell 闂�(gu膩n)绯诲紡鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)閲嶈鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍏紡鐨勬紨绻规柟 娉曘€� 鈶� 婧舵恫鑸囩浉骞宠 鐞嗚В鍋忔懇鐖鹃噺鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕㈢殑姒傚康銆傛帉鎻� Raoult 瀹氬緥鍜� Henry 瀹氬緥浠ュ強瀹冨€戠殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€傜悊瑙� 鐞嗘兂绯荤当(t菕ng)(鐞嗘兂婧舵恫鍙婄悊鎯崇█婧舵恫)涓悇绲勫垎鍖栧(xu茅)鍕㈢殑琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�銆� 鐞嗚В閫稿害鍜屾椿搴︾殑姒傚康銆備簡 瑙i€稿害鍜屾椿搴︾殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎱�(t脿i)銆� 鏈冨緸鐩稿钩琛℃浠舵帹灏�(d菐o) Clapeyron 鍜� Clapeyron鈥擟lausius 鏂圭▼锛屽苟鑳芥噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ€欎簺鏂圭▼閫�(j矛n) 琛屾湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷堢畻銆傜悊瑙g浉寰嬬殑鎰忕京銆� 鎺屾彙鍠祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鍜屼簩绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏稿瀷鐩稿湒鐨勭壒榛炲拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆� 鑳� 鐢ㄦ潬妗胯(gu墨)鍓囬€�(j矛n)琛岃▓绠�銆傝兘鐢ㄧ浉寰嬪垎鏋愮浉鍦栥€� 鈶� 鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐞嗚В妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勫畾缇�銆備簡瑙g瓑婧柟绋嬬殑鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)銆傛帉鎻$敤绛夋韩鏂圭▼鍒ゆ柗 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬柟鍚戝拰闄愬害鐨勬柟娉�銆� 鏈冪敤鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瑷堢畻妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)銆備簡瑙g瓑澹撴柟绋嬬殑鎺� 灏�(d菐o)銆傜悊瑙f韩搴﹀皪妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勫奖闊�銆傛渻鐢ㄧ瓑澹撴柟绋嬭▓绠椾笉鍚屾韩搴︿笅鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)銆� 浜� 瑙f韩搴�銆佸鍔涘拰鎯版€ф埃楂斿皪鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)骞宠 绲勬垚鐨勫奖闊�銆� 锛�2锛夌当(t菕ng)瑷堢啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍒濇 浜嗚В鐛ㄧ珛瀛愮郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫井瑙€鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛岃兘閲忓垎甯冨拰瀹忚鐙€鎱�(t脿i)闁撶殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆� 鐞嗚В绲�(t菕ng)瑷� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈亣瑷�(sh猫)銆� 鐞嗚В Boltzmann 鑳介噺鍒嗗竷鍙婂叾閬╃敤姊濅欢銆� 鐞嗚В閰嶅垎鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫畾缇╁拰鐗� 鐞嗘剰缇�銆傛帉鎻¢洐鍘熷瓙鍒嗗瓙绉诲嫊銆佽綁(zhu菐n)鍕曞拰鎸嫊閰嶅垎鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮▓绠�銆� 鐞嗚В鐛ㄧ珛瀛愮郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮兘閲�銆佺喌 鑸囬厤鍒嗗嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€� 锛�3锛� 闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅) 浜嗚В闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫鐨勫皫(d菐o)闆绘鐞�銆傜悊瑙i洟瀛愰伔绉绘暩(sh霉)銆� 鐞嗚В琛ㄥ緛闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫 灏�(d菐o)闆昏兘鍔涚殑鐗╃悊閲�(闆诲皫(d菐o)鐜囥€佹懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜�)銆� 鐞嗚В闆昏В璩�(zh矛)娲诲害鍜岄洟瀛愬钩鍧囨椿搴︾郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇点€� 浜嗚В闆㈠瓙姘涚殑姒傚康锛屾帉鎻� Debye鈥擧ueckel 妤甸檺鍏紡銆� 鐞嗚В鍘熼浕姹犻浕鍕曞嫝鑸囩啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨� 闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傛帉鎻� Nernst 鏂圭▼鍙婂叾瑷堢畻銆� 鎺屾彙鍚勭ó椤炲瀷闆绘サ鐨勭壒寰佸拰闆诲嫊鍕㈡脯瀹氱殑涓昏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆� 鐞嗚В鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熼浕妤垫サ鍖栫殑鍘熷洜鍜岃秴闆诲嫝鐨勬蹇�銆� 锛�4锛夊寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅) 鐞嗚В鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱氭暩(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆傛帉鎻¢€氶亷瀵﹂寤� 绔嬮€熺巼鏂圭▼鐨勬柟娉曘€� 鎺屾彙涓€绱氬拰浜岀礆鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鏂圭▼鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆� 鐞嗚В灏嶅硻鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀€g簩(x霉)鍙� 鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽钩琛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊鍔涘(xu茅)鐗瑰緛銆� 鐞嗚В鍩哄厓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍒嗗瓙鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆傛帉鎻$敱鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熺悊寤虹珛閫� 鐜囨柟绋嬬殑杩戜技鏂规硶(绌�(w臎n)瀹氭厠(t脿i)杩戜技娉�銆佸钩琛℃厠(t脿i)杩戜技娉�)銆備簡瑙i張鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熺悊鐨勭壒榛炲強鏀張鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑸� 鐖嗙偢鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€備簡瑙e鐩稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬椹燂紝浜嗚В鍌寲浣滅敤銆佸厜鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹憾娑蹭腑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭壒寰�銆傛帉 鎻� Arrhennius 鏂圭▼鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€傛槑浜嗘椿鍖栬兘鍙婃寚鍓嶅洜瀛愮殑瀹氱京鍜岀墿鐞嗘剰缇�銆備簡瑙g啊鍠鎾� 鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂鍜岀祼(ji茅)鏋�銆傜悊瑙g稉(j墨ng)鍏搁亷娓$媭鎱�(t脿i)鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂銆佸熀鏈叕寮忓強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)姒傚康銆� 锛�5锛夌晫闈㈢従(xi脿n)璞� 鐞嗚В琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏鍜岃〃闈� Gibbs 鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆� 鐞嗚В褰庢洸鐣岄潰鐨勯檮鍔犲鍔涙 蹇靛拰 Laplace 鍏紡銆� 鐞嗚В Kelvin 鍏紡鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆備簡瑙i嫪灞曞拰閶睍绯绘暩(sh霉)銆備簡瑙f饯婵�銆佹帴瑙� 瑙掑拰 Young 鏂圭▼銆� 浜嗚В婧舵恫鐣岄潰鐨勫惛闄勫強琛ㄩ潰娲绘€х墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€傜悊瑙� Gibbs 鍚搁檮绛夋韩寮�銆� 浜嗚В鐗╃悊鍚搁檮鑸囧寲瀛�(xu茅)鍚搁檮鐨勫惈缇╁拰鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆傛帉鎻� Langmuir 鍠垎瀛愬堡鍚搁檮妯″瀷鍜屽惛闄勭瓑婧紡銆� 锛�6锛夎啝楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅) 浜嗚В鑶犻珨鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉�銆備簡瑙h啝楂旂殑鑻ュ共閲嶈鎬ц唱(zh矛)(Tyndall 鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆丅rown 閬嬪嫊銆佹矇闄嶅钩琛�銆侀浕娉冲拰闆绘徊)銆� 鐞嗚В鑶犲湗鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾摯鏁i洐闆诲堡姒傚康銆備簡瑙f啂娑叉憾鑶犵殑 DLVO 鐞嗚珫銆傜悊瑙i浕瑙h唱(zh矛)灏嶆憾鑶犲拰楂樺垎瀛愭憾娑茬┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑浣滅敤銆備簡瑙d钩鐙€娑茬殑椤炲瀷鍙婄┅(w臎n)瀹氬拰鐮� 澹炵殑鏂规硶銆� 2銆佸椹楅儴鍒嗭紙40 鍒嗭級 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)瀵﹂鐨勭壒榛炴槸鍒╃敤鐗╃悊鏂规硶鐮旂┒鍖栧(xu茅)绯荤当(t菕ng)璁婂寲瑕�(gu墨)寰嬨€傚椹椾腑甯哥敤澶氱ó鐗╃悊娓� 閲忓剙鍣�锛屽洜姝ゆ噳(y墨ng)娉ㄦ剰鍩烘湰娓噺鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鏂规硶銆� 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)瀵﹂鍖呭惈涓嬪垪鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細 锛�1锛� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎锛� 閲忕啽銆佺浉骞宠 鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 瀵﹂ 銆� 锛�2锛� 闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎锛� 鐢ㄩ浕浣嶅樊瑷堟脯閲忛浕姹犵殑闆诲嫊鍕㈠強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€� 锛�3锛� 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎锛� 娓畾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱氭暩(sh霉)鍙婃椿鍖栬兘銆� 锛�4锛夌晫闈㈢従(xi脿n)璞¤垏鑶犻珨閮ㄥ垎锛� 琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏鐨勬脯瀹�銆� 妯i锛� 涓€銆侀伕鎿囬锛堝湪姣忓皬椤屽洓鍊嬪倷閬哥瓟妗堜腑閬稿嚭涓€鍊嬫纰虹瓟妗堬級锛堝叡 10 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 2 鍒�锛屽叡 20 鍒嗭級 1銆佸湪婧害 T 鏅�锛孉 鍜� B 浠ョ墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勯噺姣旂偤 2:1 鐨勬瘮渚嬬祫鎴愮悊鎯虫恫鎱�(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗�銆傚凡鐭ユ鏅傜殑 PA * 鍜� PB * 鍒嗗垾鐐� 91.192 kPa 鍜� 30.397 kPa锛屽墖骞宠 鏅傚湪姘g浉涓� A 鍜� B鐨勬懇鐖惧垎?j菒n)?sh霉)姣� yA: yB 鎳�(y墨ng) 鐐猴紙 锛夈€� A. 8:1 B. 6:1 C. 4:1 D. 2:1 2銆佷换鎰忛噺鐨� CaCO3 (s), CaO (s)鍜� CO2 (g) 寤虹珛濡備笅鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)骞宠 锛� CaCO3 (s) = CaO(s) + CO2(g) 鍓囧钩琛$郴绲�(t菕ng)涓祫鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)锛岀浉鏁�(sh霉)鍜岃嚜鐢卞害鏄紙 锛�銆� A. C = 1, 桅 = 2锛宖 = 0 B. C = 2, 桅 = 2锛宖 = 2 C. C = 2, 桅 = 3锛宖 = 1 D. C = 4, 桅 = 2锛宖 = 2 3銆佷笅鍒楀弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓�锛屽摢鍊嬪弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨� ? mr H? 绛変簬 AgBr(s) 鐨� ? mf H? 锛� 锛�銆� A. Ag+ (aq) + Br- (aq) = AgBr(s) B. 2Ag(s) + Br2(l) = 2AgBr(s) C. Ag(s) + 1/2 Br2(l) = AgBr(s) D. Ag(s) + 1/2 Br2(g) = AgBr(s) 5銆佹煇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鐐� 4.62?10-2 min-1 锛屽叾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐗╃殑鍒濆婵冨害鐐� 0.1 mol路dm-3 锛屽墖鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫崐 琛版湡鐐猴紙 锛夈€� A. 216 min B. 15 min C. 30 min D. 1.08 min 6銆�1.0 mol路kg-1 鐨� K4[Fe(CN)6]婧舵恫鐨勯洟瀛愬挤搴︾偤锛� 锛�銆� A. 15 mol路kg-1 B. 10 mol路kg-1 C. 7 mol路kg-1 D. 4 mol路kg-1 7銆佸湪鐩稿悓鐨勬韩搴﹀強澹撳姏涓�锛屾妸涓€瀹氶珨绌嶇殑姘村垎鏁f垚瑷卞灏忔按婊�锛岀稉(j墨ng)閬庨€欎竴璁婂寲閬庣▼锛屼互涓� 鎬ц唱(zh矛)淇濇寔涓嶈畩鐨勬槸锛� 锛夈€� A. 绺借〃闈㈣兘 B. 姣旇〃闈� C. 娑查潰涓嬬殑闄勫姞澹撳姏 D. 琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏 8銆佸湪涓€瀹氶噺鐨勪互 KCl鐐虹┅(w臎n)瀹氬姂鐨� AgCl婧惰啝涓姞鍏ラ浕瑙h唱(zh矛)浣垮叾鑱氭矇锛屼笅鍒楅浕瑙h唱(zh矛)鐨勭敤閲忕敱 灏忓埌澶х殑闋嗗簭姝g⒑鐨勬槸锛� 锛�銆� A. AlCl3< ZnSO4
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
|