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鑰冭│绉戠洰鍚嶇ū锛� 鍖栧(xu茅)鏁欏(xu茅)璜�
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鍙兘鐢ㄥ埌鐨勫師瀛愰噺锛�(C:12.01; Ca:40.08;Mg:24.31;S:32.07;Al:26.98;O:16.00;Fe:55.85)
涓€锛庨伕鎿囬锛� 姣忓皬椤� 3 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒嗭級
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A锛�5 B锛�2 C锛�3 D锛�4
2. 銆婂瀹氬(xu茅)鍫傜珷绋嬨€嬫槸鍝竴骞村埗瀹氱殑锛� 锛�
A锛�1900 B锛�1903 C锛�1901 D锛�1895
3. 1952 骞村湅瀹堕爳甯冧簡锛� 锛�
A锛庛€婁腑瀛�(xu茅)鍖栧(xu茅)鏁欏(xu茅)澶х侗锛堣崏妗堬級銆�
B锛庛€婁腑瀛�(xu茅)鍖栧(xu茅)鏁欏(xu茅)澶х侗銆�
C锛庛€婁腑瀛�(xu茅)鍖栧(xu茅)瑾茬▼妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛堣崏妗堬級銆�
D锛庛€婁腑瀛�(xu茅)鍖栧(xu茅)瑾茬▼妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�
4锛庝笅鍒楄娉曟纰虹殑鏄紙 锛�
A锛庡湪鈥滈崓閶呴惖鐨殑閸嶅堡鍘氬害鐨勬脯瀹氣€濆椹椾腑锛屽皣閸嶉媴閻电毊鏀惧叆绋€纭吀锛屽緟鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸矮姘�
鐨勯€熺巼绐佺劧娓涘皬锛屽彲浠ュ垽鏂烽媴閸嶅堡宸插弽鎳�(y墨ng)瀹屽叏銆�
B锛庡湪鈥滅伀鏌撮牠涓隘鍏冪礌鐨勬椹椻€� 瀵﹂ 涓紝鎽樹笅骞炬牴鏈噧閬庣殑鐏煷闋�锛屽皣鍏舵蹈浜庢按
涓�锛岀◢鍚庡彇灏戦噺婧舵恫浜庤│绠′腑锛屾淮鍔犵閰搁妧婧舵恫鍜岀█纭濋吀鍚�锛屽嵆鍙垽鏂锋隘鍏冪礌鐨勫瓨
鍦�銆�
C锛庡湪鈥滅～閰镐簽閻甸姩鐨勫埗鍌欌€濆椹椾腑锛岀偤浜嗗緱鍒扮～閰镐簽閻甸姩鏅堕珨锛屾噳(y墨ng)灏忕伀鍔犵啽钂哥櫦(f膩)鐨匡紝
鐩村埌鏈夊ぇ閲忔櫠楂旀瀽鍑烘檪鍋滄鍔犵啽銆�
D锛庡彈寮烽吀鎴栧挤鍫胯厫铦曡嚧鍌锋檪锛屾噳(y墨ng)鍏堢敤澶ч噺姘存矕娲�锛屽啀鐢� 2锛呴唻閰告憾娑叉垨椋藉拰纭奸吀
婧舵恫娲�锛屾渶鍚庣敤姘存矕娲�锛屽苟瑕栨儏娉佷綔閫蹭竴姝ヨ檿鐞�
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5锛嶺銆乊銆乑 鏄師瀛愬簭鏁�(sh霉)渚濇閬炲鐨勭煭鍛ㄦ湡鍏冪礌锛�3 绋厓绱犵殑鍘熷瓙鏍稿闆诲瓙鏁�(sh霉)涔嬪拰
鑸� Ca2锛�
鐨勬牳澶栭浕瀛愭暩(sh霉)鐩哥瓑锛孹銆乑 鍒嗗垾寰楀埌涓€鍊嬮浕瀛愬悗鍧囧舰鎴愮█鏈夋埃楂斿師瀛愮殑
绌�(w臎n)瀹氶浕瀛愬堡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆備笅鍒楄娉曟纰虹殑鏄紙 锛�
A锛庡師瀛愬崐寰戯細Z锛瀁锛瀀
B锛嶼 鑸� X 褰㈡垚鍖栧悎鐗╃殑娌搁粸楂樹簬 Z 鐨勫悓鏃忓厓绱犺垏 X 褰㈡垚鍖栧悎鐗╃殑娌搁粸
C锛嶤aY2 鑸囨按鐧�(f膩)鐢熸哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏅傦紝CaY2 鍙綔姘у寲鍔�
D锛嶤aX2銆丆aY2 鍜� CaZ2 绛� 3 绋寲鍚堢墿涓紝闄介洟瀛愯垏闄伴洟瀛愬€嬫暩(sh霉)姣斿潎鐐� 1锔�2
6锛庝笅鍒楄娉曟纰虹殑鏄紙 锛�
A锛庡父婧笅锛屽皣 pH锛�3 鐨勯唻閰告憾娑茬█閲嬪埌鍘熼珨绌嶇殑 10 鍊嶅悗锛屾憾娑茬殑 pH锛�4
B锛庣偤纰哄畾鏌愰吀 H2A 鏄挤閰搁倓鏄急閰�锛屽彲娓� NaHA 婧舵恫鐨� pH銆傝嫢 pH锛�7锛屽墖 H2A
鏄急閰�锛涜嫢 pH锛�7锛屽墖 H2A 鏄挤閰�
C锛庣敤 0.2000 mol/L NaOH 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫婊村畾 HCl 鑸� CH3COOH 鐨勬贩鍚堟憾娑诧紙娣峰悎娑蹭腑
鍏╃ó閰哥殑婵冨害鍧囩磩鐐� 0.1 mol/L锛�,鑷充腑鎬ф檪锛屾憾娑蹭腑鐨勯吀鏈瀹屽叏涓拰
D锛庣浉鍚屾韩搴︿笅锛屽皣瓒抽噺姘寲閵€鍥洪珨鍒嗗垾鏀惧叆鐩稿悓楂旂⿳鐨勨憼钂搁ぞ姘�銆佲憽0.1mol/L 楣�
閰�銆佲憿0.1 mol/L 姘寲閹傛憾娑�銆佲懀0.1mol/L 纭濋吀閵€婧舵恫涓�锛孉g
锛�
婵冨害锛氣憼锛炩懀锛濃憽锛�
鈶�
7锛庨幊姘浕姹�(NiMH)鐩墠宸茬稉(j墨ng)鎴愮偤娣峰悎鍕曞姏姹借粖鐨勪竴绋富瑕侀浕姹犻鍨�銆侼iMH 涓殑
M 琛ㄧず鍎叉矮閲戝爆鎴栧悎閲�銆傝┎闆绘睜鍦ㄥ厖闆婚亷绋嬩腑鐨勭附鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏂圭▼寮忔槸锛歂i(OH)2 + M
锛漀iOOH + MH
宸茬煡锛�6NiOOH + NH3 + H2O + OH
锛�
=6 Ni(OH)2 + NO2
锛�
涓嬪垪瑾硶姝ｇ⒑鐨勬槸锛� 锛�
A锛嶯iMH 闆绘睜鏀鹃浕閬庣▼涓�锛屾妤电殑闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)寮忕偤锛歂iOOH + H2O + e
锛�
= Ni(OH)2 +
OH
锛�
B锛庡厖闆婚亷绋嬩腑 OH
锛�
闆㈠瓙寰為櫧妤靛悜闄版サ閬风Щ
C锛庡厖闆婚亷绋嬩腑闄版サ鐨勯浕妤靛弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮忥細H2O + M + e
锛�
= MH + OH
锛�
锛孒2O 涓殑 H 琚� M
閭勫師
D锛嶯iMH 闆绘睜涓彲浠ョ敤 KOH 婧舵恫銆佹皑姘寸瓑浣滅偤闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫
8. 鍒嗗瓙寮忕偤 C5H10 鐨勭儻鐑村叡鏈�( )
A.5 绋� B.6 绋� C.7 绋� D.8 绋�
9. 鍖栧(xu茅)鍟忛瑙ｆ焙鐨勭瓥鐣ユ湁骞剧ó锛� 锛�
A.3 绋� B.4 绋� C.5 绋� D.6 绋�
10锛庝笅鍒楄娉曚笉姝ｇ⒑鐨勬槸锛� 锛�
A锛庡厜鍌寲閭勫師姘村埗姘瘮闆昏В姘村埗姘洿绡€(ji茅)鑳界挵(hu谩n)淇�銆佹洿缍�(j墨ng)婵�
B锛庢皑姘虎姘�(鍚� NH4
+
鍙� NH3)鍙敤鍖栧(xu茅)姘у寲娉曟垨闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)姘у寲娉曡檿鐞�
鏉� 宸� 甯� 鑼� 澶� 瀛�(xu茅) 纰� 澹� 鐮� 绌� 鐢� 鍏� 瀛�(xu茅) 鑰� 瑭� 鍛� 椤� 绱�
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C锛庢煇绋厜瀛�(xu茅)妾㈡脯鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍏锋湁妤甸珮鐨勯潏鏁忓害锛屽彲妾㈡脯鍒板柈鍊嬬窗鑳�(V=10
锛�12
L)鍏�(n猫i)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鍊�
鐩(bi膩o)鍒嗗瓙锛屾摎(j霉)姝ゅ彲鎺ㄧ畻 瑭叉娓妧琛�(sh霉)鑳芥脯閲忓埌绱拌優鍏�(n猫i)婵冨害绱勭偤 10
锛�12
锝�10
锛�11
mol路L
锛�1
鐨勭洰妯�(bi膩o)鍒嗗瓙
D锛庡悜姹芥补涓坊鍔犵敳閱囧悗锛岃┎娣峰悎鐕冩枡鐨勭啽鍊间笉璁�
浜岋紟濉┖椤岋紙 1 灏忛锛屽叡 15 鍒嗭級
鐐轰簡鎺㈢┒涓€绋劇姗熺う鐗╄唱(zh矛) X(鍍呭惈鍥涚ó鍏冪礌)鐨勭祫鎴愬拰鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾煇鐮旂┒灏忕祫瑷�(sh猫)瑷堝苟瀹�
鎴愬涓嬪椹楋細
鍙﹀彇 10.80gX 鍦ㄦ儼鎬ф埃娴佷腑鍔犵啽鑷冲畬鍏ㄥ垎瑙ｏ紝寰楀埌 6.40g 鍥洪珨
璜嬪洖绛斿涓嬪晱椤岋細
锛�1锛夌暙鍑虹櫧鑹叉矇娣€ 1 涓噾灞厓绱犵殑鍘熷瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绀烘剰鍦朹______锛屽鍑烘埃楂旂敳鐨勯浕
瀛愬紡_______銆�
锛�2锛塜 鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)寮忔槸______锛屽湪鎯版€ф埃娴佷腑鍔犵啽 X 鑷冲畬鍏ㄥ垎瑙ｇ殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏂圭▼
寮忕偤_______銆�
锛�3锛夛紙3锛夌櫧鑹叉矇娣€ 2 鍦ㄧ┖姘ｄ腑璁婃垚绱呰鑹叉矇娣€鐨勫師鍥犳槸_______(鐢ㄥ寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鏂圭▼寮忚〃绀�)銆�
锛�4锛夛紙4锛変竴瀹氭浠朵笅锛屾埃楂旂敳鑸囧浐楂� 1 涓殑鏌愮ó鎴愬垎鍙兘鐧�(f膩)鐢熸哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
瀵嚭涓€鍊嬪彲鑳界殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏂圭▼寮廮______锛屽苟瑷�(sh猫)瑷堝椹楁柟妗堥璀夎┎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐗�
_______銆�
涓夛紟绨＄瓟椤岋細锛堟瘡灏忛 12 鍒�锛屽叡 48 鍒嗭級
1. 鍖栧(xu茅)鏁欏(xu茅)涓父鐢ㄧ殑鍩烘湰鏁欏(xu茅)妯″紡鏄粈涔�锛�
2. 鍖栧(xu茅)瀵﹁笎娲诲嫊鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ湁鍝簺锛�
3. 鍖栧(xu茅)瀵﹂鍖呮嫭鍝咕鍊嬫柟闈㈢殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛�
4. 鏁欏(xu茅)瑷�(sh猫)瑷堟湁鍝洓绋笉鍚屾按骞崇殑椤炲瀷锛�
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鍥涳紟杈ㄦ瀽椤岋細锛�1 灏忛锛屽叡 15 鍒嗭級
1. 鏅傝嚦浠婃棩锛屽(xu茅)缈�(x铆)绛栫暐閭勬矑鏈変竴鍊嬪叕瑾�(r猫n)鐨勫畾缇�锛屼笉鍚岀殑瀛�(xu茅)鑰呭緸涓嶅悓鐨勮搴﹀皪瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)
绛栫暐鎻愬嚭浜嗗悇鑷殑瑙€榛�锛屽锛�
锛�1锛夊(xu茅)缈�(x铆)绛栫暐鏄収(n猫i)闅辩殑瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩郴绲�(t菕ng)锛圖uffy锛�;
锛�2锛夊(xu茅)缈�(x铆)绛栫暐鏄湪瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)閬庣▼涓敤浠ユ彁楂樺(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏁堢巼鐨勪换浣曟椿鍕曪紙Mayer锛�;
锛�3锛夊(xu茅)缈�(x铆)绛栫暐鏄(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鑰呯偤浜嗘彁楂樺(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐨勬晥鏋滃拰鏁堢巼锛屾湁鐩殑鏈夋剰璀樺湴鍒跺畾鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)
瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)閬庣▼鐨勫京(f霉)闆滅殑鏂规锛堥櫝鐞︼紝鍔夊剴寰凤級銆�
浣犺獚(r猫n)鐐洪€欎簺瑙€榛炵殑鐣板悓榛炲湪鍝噷锛�
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