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锛�5锛塃thernet 鍩烘湰宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊
Ethernet 鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭爺绌惰垏鐧�(f膩)灞曪紱Ethernet 鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐧�(f膩)閫佹祦绋嬪垎鏋�锛汦thernet 骞€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛汦thernet 鎺�
鏀舵祦绋嬬殑鍒嗘瀽锛汦thernet 缍�(w菐ng)鍗¤ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鑸囩墿鐞嗗湴鍧€锛� Ethernet 鐗╃悊灞ゆ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍛藉悕鏂规硶銆�
锛�6锛夊眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)浜掕伅(li谩n)鑸囩恫(w菐ng)姗�
灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)浜掕伅(li谩n)鑸囩恫(w菐ng)姗嬬殑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛涚恫(w菐ng)姗嬬殑宸ヤ綔娴佺▼锛涚敓鎴愭ü鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛涚恫(w菐ng)姗嬭垏涓辜鍣ㄣ€侀泦绶氬櫒銆佷氦
鎻涙(j墨)鐨勬瘮杓冦€�
锛�7锛夐珮閫� Ethernet
Fast Ethernet锛汫igabit Ethernet锛�10 Gigabit Ethernet锛�40 Gigabit Ethernet 鑸� 100
Gigabit Ethernet锛涘厜浠ュお缍�(w菐ng)鑸囧煄鍩熶互澶恫(w菐ng)銆�
锛�8锛変氦鎻涘紡灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)銆佽櫅鎿眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鍜岀劇绶氬眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鎶€琛�(sh霉)
浜ゆ彌寮忓眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛涜櫅鎿眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛涚劇绶氬眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鐧�(f膩)灞曡儗鏅紱鐒＄窔灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng) IEEE 802.11 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�
3.鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�
鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)閺堣矾灞や腑瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)閺堣矾鎺у埗鑸囧樊閷�(cu貌)鎺у埗鐨勪富瑕佹柟娉�锛� PPP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊鍙婂叾骞€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涗粙璩�(zh矛)
瑷晱鎺у埗鏂规硶 CSMA/CD 鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛汦thernet 灞€鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鐨勫熀鏈伐浣滃師鐞�锛涚恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)浜掗€ｅ熀鏈蹇佃垏缍�(w菐ng)姗�
鐨勫熀鏈伐浣滃師鐞�锛涢珮閫熷眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)銆佷氦鎻涘眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)銆佽櫅鎿眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鍜岀劇绶氬眬鍩熺恫(w菐ng)鐨勫熀鏈伐浣滃師鐞�銆�
5 缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞�
1.鐩殑鍜岃姹傦細
浜嗚В璺敱鍣ㄧ殑浣滅敤鍙婂叾宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊锛涚悊瑙� IP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑浣滅敤鍙� IP 鍦板潃鍒嗛锛涚悊瑙� ARP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑浣滅敤
鍙婂叾宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊锛涢噸榛�(di菐n)鐞嗚В骞剁啛绶存帉鎻″妰鍒嗗瓙缍�(w菐ng)鍜� CIDR 鍦板潃濉婂妰鍒嗙殑鏂规硶锛屽瓙缍�(w菐ng)鎺╃⒓鐨勪綔鐢�锛涚悊
瑙ｅ垎绲勮綁(zhu菐n)鐧�(f膩)鐨勬祦绋�锛涚悊瑙� ICMP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑浣滅敤浠ュ強 ICMP 鍫�(b脿o)鏂囩殑浣跨敤锛涚悊瑙� RIP 鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆丱SPF 鍗�(xi茅)璀板拰
BGP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛涙帉鎻� RIP 鍗�(xi茅)璀伴噰鐢ㄨ窛闆㈠悜閲忕畻娉曟洿鏂拌矾鐢辫〃鐨勯亷绋�锛涗簡瑙� OSPF 鍫�(b脿o)鏂囧拰 BGP 鍫�(b脿o)鏂�
鐨勪娇鐢�锛�
2.鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�
锛�1锛夌恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞よ垏 IP 鍗�(xi茅)璀�
缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞ゅ熀鏈蹇碉紱IP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡垏婕旇畩锛汭P 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑涓昏鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�
锛�2锛塈Pv4 鍗�(xi茅)璀�
IPv4 鍒嗙祫鏍煎紡锛汭Pv4 鍦板潃鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛涙(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍒嗛 IP 鍦板潃锛涘妰鍒嗗瓙缍�(w菐ng)鐨勪笁绱�(j铆)鍦板潃绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涚劇椤�
鍒ュ煙闁撹矾鐢� CIDR锛涚恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍦板潃杞�(zhu菐n)鎻� NAT銆�
锛�3锛夎矾鐢遍伕鎿囧崝(xi茅)璀�
璺敱琛ㄧ殑寤虹珛銆佹洿鏂拌垏璺敱閬告搰鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛涜矾鐢变俊鎭崝(xi茅)璀� RIP锛涙渶鐭矾寰戝劒(y艒u)鍏堝崝(xi茅)璀� OSPF锛涘閮ㄧ恫(w菐ng)
闂�(gu膩n)鍗�(xi茅)璀� BGP锛涜矾鐢卞櫒鑸囩涓夊堡浜ゆ彌鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�
锛�4锛塈nternet 鎺у埗鍫�(b脿o)鏂囧崝(xi茅)璀�--ICMP
ICMP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑浣滅敤鑸囩壒榛�(di菐n)锛汭CMP 鍫�(b脿o)鏂囬鍨�锛汸ing 鑸� Traceroute 鍛戒护銆�
锛�5锛夊湴鍧€瑙ｆ瀽鍗�(xi茅)璀� ARP
IP 鍦板潃鑸囩墿鐞嗗湴鍧€鐨勬槧灏�锛涘湴鍧€瑙ｆ瀽宸ヤ綔閬庣▼銆�
锛�6锛塈Pv6 鍗�(xi茅)璀�
IPv6 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛汭Pv6 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑涓昏鐗瑰緛锛汭Pv6 鍦板潃锛汭Pv6 鍒嗙祫绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧熀鏈牨(b脿o)闋�锛汭Pv4
鍒� IPv6 閬庢浮鐨勫熀鏈柟娉曘€�
3.鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�
璺敱鍣ㄧ殑浣滅敤锛涘垎椤炵殑 IP 鍦板潃锛汭P 鍦板潃鑸囩‖浠跺湴鍧€鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛汚RP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊锛涘瓙缍�(w菐ng)鍔�
鍒嗗拰瀛愮恫(w菐ng)鎺╃⒓鐨勪娇鐢紝杞�(zhu菐n)鐧�(f膩)鍒嗙祫鐨勬祦绋� 锛汣IDR 鍦板潃濉婄殑鍔冨垎锛屾枩绶氳〃绀烘硶锛屾渶闀风恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍓嶇洞锛汭CMP
鍫�(b脿o)鏂囧強鍏堕仼鐢ㄦ儏娉�锛涜矾鐢遍伕鎿囩瓥鐣ョ殑鍒嗛锛孖nternet 鍒嗗堡璺敱鎬濇兂锛汻IP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鍎�(y艒u)缂洪粸(di菐n)鍙婂叾瑕侀粸(di菐n)锛�
璺濋洟鍚戦噺绠楁硶鏇存柊璺敱琛�锛汷SPF 鍗�(xi茅)璀板拰 BGP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑瑕侀粸(di菐n)銆�
6 鍌宠几灞�
1.鐩殑鍜岃姹傦細
浜嗚В鍌宠几灞ょ殑浣滅敤锛屾帉鎻″偝杓稿堡鑸囩恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞ょ殑涓昏鍗€(q奴)鍒ワ紝閲嶉粸(di菐n)鐞嗚В绔彛鐨勬蹇�銆佷綔鐢�銆佸垎椤烇紱
鐞嗚В UDP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)锛屼簡瑙� TCP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆乀CP 鍫�(b脿o)鏂囨鐨勯閮ㄥ瓧娈�锛屾帉鎻� TCP 鎺у埗鍫�(b脿o)鏂囨鐧�(f膩)閫�
鐨� 3 绋熀鏈(j墨)鍒�锛岀悊瑙ｅ苟鎺屾彙 TCP 鐨勬祦閲忔帶鍒舵柟娉�銆佸彲闈犲偝杓告(j墨)鍒朵互鍙婃搧濉炴帶鍒剁殑 4 绋柟娉曪紝鎺�
鎻� TCP 閫ｆ帴鐨勫缓绔嬪拰閲嬫斁閬庣▼銆�
2.鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�
锛�1锛夊偝杓稿堡鍜屽偝杓稿堡鍗�(xi茅)璀�
鍌宠几灞ょ殑鍩烘湰鍔熻兘锛涘偝杓稿崝(xi茅)璀版暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍠厓鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ€�(j矛n)绋嬨€佸偝杓稿堡鎺ュ彛鑸囧鎺ュ瓧锛涚恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)
鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧腑鍒嗗竷寮忛€�(j矛n)绋嬫(bi膩o)璀�(sh铆)鏂规硶锛涘偝杓稿堡鐨勫璺京(f霉)鐢ㄨ垏澶氳矾鍒嗚В锛汿CP銆乁DP 鍗�(xi茅)璀拌垏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ堡鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑闂�(gu膩n)
绯�
锛�2锛夌敤鎴舵暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍫�(b脿o)鍗�(xi茅)璀� UDP
UDP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑涓昏鐗归粸(di菐n)锛沀DP 鍗�(xi茅)璀板牨(b脿o)鏂囨牸寮�锛沀DP 鏍￠(y脿n)鍜岀殑鍩烘湰姒傚康鑸囪▓(j矛)绠楃ず渚�锛沀DP 鍗�(xi茅)璀�
閬╃敤鐨勮寖鍦�
锛�3锛夊偝杓告帶鍒跺崝(xi茅)璀� TCP
TCP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑涓昏鐗归粸(di菐n)锛汿CP 鍗�(xi茅)璀板牨(b脿o)鏂囨牸寮忥紱TCP 閫ｆ帴寤虹珛鑸囬噵鏀�锛汿CP 鍗�(xi茅)璀版粦鍕�(d貌ng)绐楀彛鑸囩⒑瑾�(r猫n)銆�
閲嶅偝姗�(j墨)鍒�锛汿CP 鍗�(xi茅)璀版粦鍕�(d貌ng)绐楀彛鑸囨祦閲忔帶鍒�銆佹搧濉炴帶鍒�
3.鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�
鍌宠几灞ょ殑浣滅敤锛屽偝杓稿堡鑸囩恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞ょ殑涓昏鍗€(q奴)鍒�锛涚鍙ｇ殑姒傚康銆佷綔鐢�銆佸垎椤�锛沀DP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)锛�
TCP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆乀CP 鍫�(b脿o)鏂囨鐨勯閮ㄥ瓧娈碉紱TCP 鎺у埗鍫�(b脿o)鏂囨鐧�(f膩)閫佺殑 3 绋熀鏈(j墨)鍒�锛涘彲闈犲偝杓告(j墨)鍒�锛�
TCP 鐨勬祦閲忔帶鍒舵柟娉曞拰鎿佸鎺у埗鐨� 4 绋柟娉�锛汿CP 閫ｆ帴鐨勫缓绔嬪拰閲嬫斁閬庣▼銆�
7 鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ堡
1.鐩殑鍜岃姹傦細
浜嗚В鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ堡鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍕�(w霉)銆傞噸榛�(di菐n)鐞嗚В鍥犵壒缍�(w菐ng)鐨勫煙鍚嶇祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽煙鍚嶈В鏋愮殑宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊锛屽湪姝ゅ熀绀�(ch菙)涓婃帉
鎻℃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ堡甯歌骞剧ó鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鎵€浣跨敤鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀帮紝濡� HTTP銆丗TP銆丼MTP 绛夌殑宸ヤ綔鏂瑰紡鑸囧伐浣滃師鐞�锛涙帉鎻″嫊(d貌ng)
鎱�(t脿i)涓绘(j墨)閰嶇疆鍗�(xi茅)璀� DHCP 鍜岀啊鍠恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绠＄悊鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛涗簡瑙ｈ秴鏂囨湰妯�(bi膩o)瑷樿獮瑷€ HTML 鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ€�(j矛n)绋嬭法瓒婄恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)
鐨勯€氫俊銆�
2.鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�
锛�1锛塈nternet 鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ堡鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鍒嗛锛�
Internet 鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ妧琛�(sh霉)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑涓夊€�(g猫)闅庢锛汣/S 妯″紡鑸� P2P 妯″紡鐨勬瘮杓�銆�
锛�2锛夊煙鍚嶇郴绲�(t菕ng) DNS
DNS 鍩熷悕绌洪枔锛涘煙鍚嶆湇鍕�(w霉)鍣�锛涘煙鍚嶈В鏋�
锛�3锛夐仩(yu菐n)绋嬬櫥閷勬湇鍕�(w霉)鑸� TELNET 鍗�(xi茅)璀�
TELNET 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鑳屾櫙锛汿ELNET 鍗�(xi茅)璀板熀鏈伐浣滃師鐞�銆�
锛�4锛夐浕瀛愰兊浠舵湇鍕�(w霉)鑸� SMTP 鍗�(xi茅)璀�
闆诲瓙閮典欢鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛涢浕瀛愰兊浠舵湇鍕�(w霉)鐨勫伐浣滈亷绋�锛汸OP3銆両MAP4 鍗�(xi茅)璀拌垏鍩轰簬 Web 鐨勯浕
瀛愰兊浠�銆�
锛�5锛塛eb 鑸囧熀浜� Web 鐨勭恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
Web 鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐨勫熀鏈蹇碉紱瓒呮枃鏈偝杓稿崝(xi茅)璀� HTTP锛涜秴鏂囨湰妯�(bi膩o)瑷樿獮瑷€ HTML锛沇eb 鐎忚鍣�锛涙悳绱�
寮曟搸
锛�6锛変富姗�(j墨)閰嶇疆鑸囧嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)涓绘(j墨)閰嶇疆鍗�(xi茅)璀� DHCP
鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)涓绘(j墨)閰嶇疆鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛汥HCP 鐨勫熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹�
锛�7锛夌恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绠＄悊鑸囩啊鍠恫(w菐ng)绠″崝(xi茅)璀� SNMP 鍗�(xi茅)璀�
缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)绠＄悊鐨勫熀鏈蹇碉紱SNMP 鍗�(xi茅)璀扮殑鍩烘湰鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
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