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绗竴绔� 绶掕珫......................................................................................................................................... 1
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 1
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 1
绗簩绔� 鐑风兇......................................................................................................................................... 1
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 1
浜屻€佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 1
绗笁绔� 鍠儻鐑�.................................................................................................................................... 1
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 1
浜屻€佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 1
绗洓绔� 鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇........................................................................................................................... 2
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 2
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 2
绗簲绔� 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�...................................................................................................................................... 3
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 3
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 3
绗叚绔� 鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u).................................................................................................................................. 3
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 3
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 3
绗竷绔� 鑺崇兇......................................................................................................................................... 4
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 4
浜屻€佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 4
绗叓绔� 楣典唬鐑�...................................................................................................................................... 4
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 4
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 4
绗節绔� 閱� 閰� 閱�.................................................................................................................................. 4
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 4
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 5
绗崄绔� 閱� 閰�........................................................................................................................................ 5
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 5
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 5
绗崄涓€绔� 缇ч吀...................................................................................................................................... 6
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 6
浜屻€佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 6
绗崄浜岀珷 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗�........................................................................................................................... 6
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 6
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 6
绗崄涓夌珷 鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�........................................................................................................................... 7
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 7
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 7
绗崄鍥涚珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�........................................................................................................................... 7
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 7
浜屻€佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 7
绗崄浜旂珷 鍛ㄧ挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng).............................................................................................................................. 7
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 7
浜� 銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................. 7
绗崄鍏珷 鏈夋鍚堟垚.............................................................................................................................. 8
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 8
浜屻€佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 8
绗崄涓冪珷 鏈夋娉㈣瓬.............................................................................................................................. 8
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�................................................................................................................................ 8
浜屻€佽€冩牳瑕佹眰.................................................................................................................................... 8
1
绗竴绔� 绶掕珫
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 鍏卞児閸电悊璜栫殑瑕侀粸銆佸叡鍍归嵉鐨勫爆鎬у強閲嶈鍙冩暩(sh霉)
2. 涓昏鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╁畼鑳藉湗鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮�
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 閬嬬敤鍏卞児閸靛爆鎬у垽鏂峰叡鍍归嵉鐨勬柗瑁傛柟寮忓強鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)椤炲瀷
绗簩绔� 鐑风兇
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 鐑风兇鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曘€佸父瑕嬬兎鍩虹殑鍚嶇ū
2. 鐑风兇鐨勫悓绯诲垪鍜屽悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
3. 鐑风兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛堢⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫洓闈㈤珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆乻p3 闆滃寲銆佅� 閸碉級
4. 鐑风兇鐨勬(g貌u)璞�銆侀嫺鏋跺紡銆佹褰㈠紡鍜岀磹鏇煎紡鐨勫娉�
5. 鐑风兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
6. 鐑风兇鍏夌収涓嬮沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€ф搴忔瘮杓�
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 鐑风兇鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉�
2. 鐑风兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛�1锛夌啍榛�銆佹哺榛炲ぇ灏忔瘮杓冿紝锛�2锛夌悊瑙ｆ憾瑙ｆ€ц垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
3. 鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
锛�1锛� 鐑风兇鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆佽瑙�銆佹哀鍖栧強鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸悇绋矮鐨勭浉灏嶆椿娼戞€�
锛�2锛� 鐑风兇楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€ф瘮杓�
锛�3锛� 鐑风兇鐨勫埗鍌�
绗笁绔� 鍠儻鐑�
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 鐑兇鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂懡鍚嶏紙妲�(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆侀爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)锛孼銆丒 鍛藉悕锛�锛�
2. 鐑兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氾紙1锛夊偓鍖栨矮鍖栵紙2锛夎Κ闆诲姞鎴愶紙鑸囬吀鍔犳垚銆佽垏楣电礌鍔犳垚銆佺〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛夛紙3锛壩�-H
鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�4锛夋哀鍖栵紙5锛夎仛鍚�
3. 鐑兇鐨勫埗鍌�锛�
4. 瑾樺皫(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛涚⒊姝ｉ洟瀛愮┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�
5. 鐑兇鐨勮Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼鍜岃嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 鐑兇鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曪紝鍖呮嫭鐑兇鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂懡鍚嶏紙妲�(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆侀爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)锛孼銆丒 鍛藉悕锛�
2
2. 鐑兇鐨勫垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛坰p2
闆滃寲銆佅€ 閸碉級
3. 鐑兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
锛�1锛� 鐔旈粸銆佹哺榛炶垏鐑风兇姣旇純锛涙哺榛炪€佺啍榛為珮浣庤垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
锛�2锛� 鐞嗚В婧惰В鎬�
4. 鐑兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
锛�1锛� 鍌寲姘寲銆佽Κ闆诲姞鎴愶紙鑸囬吀鍔犳垚銆佽垏楣电礌鍔犳垚銆佺〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛夈€佄�-H 鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栥€佽仛鍚�
锛�2锛� 瑾樺皫(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鑸囧叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀Μ鐖惧彲澶凹鍙か瑕�(gu墨)鍓�
5. 鐑兇鐨勮Κ闆诲姞鎴愭绋嬪拰鑷敱鍩哄弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼
锛�1锛� 瑕浕鍔犳垚姝风▼鍜岃嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼
锛�2锛� 纰虫闆㈠瓙绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�
锛�3锛� 鍒╃敤鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍒跺倷鐑兇
绗洓绔� 鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 鐐旂兇鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婄郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕锛�
2. 鐐旂兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�(1)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬姞姘�銆佸姞楣电礌銆佸姞楣靛寲姘�銆佸姞姘淬€佸姞閱�銆佸姞姘鞍閰�(2)鑱氬悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(3)
姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(4)鐐斿寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚
3. 鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1,4-鍔犳垚鑸� 1,2-鍔犳垚銆侀洐鐑悎鎴�銆佽仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婄郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕銆佺倲鐑寸殑鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆乻p 闆滃寲
2. 鐐旂兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
3. 闆昏矤鎬ц垏闆滃寲杌岄亾鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆佺倲姘殑閰告€�
4. 鐐旂兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
锛�1锛夊姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬姞姘�銆佸姞楣电礌銆佸姞楣靛寲姘�銆佸姞姘�銆佸姞閱�銆佸姞姘鞍閰革紙2锛夎仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�3锛夋哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
锛�4锛夌倲鍖栫墿鐨勭敓鎴愶紙5锛夎獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鑸囧叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀Μ鐖惧彲澶凹鍙か瑕�(gu墨)鍓�
5. 鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
锛�1锛� 鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑 1,4-鍔犳垚鑸� 1,2-鍔犳垚銆侀洐鐑悎鎴愩€佽仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)
锛�2锛� 鐞嗚В鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涢亱鐢ㄨ獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀浕瀛愰洟鍩熻В閲嬪叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨� 1,4-鍔犳垚鑸�
1,2-鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傜啽鍔涘(xu茅)鎺у埗鍜屽嫊鍔涘(xu茅)鎺у埗
6. 绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細锛�1锛夊埄鐢ㄧ倲鍖栭垑鍜岄沟浠ｇ兇鍚堟垚鐐旂兇锛�2锛夌倲鐑寸殑閮ㄥ垎鍔犳矮鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍚堟垚闋嗗紡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎴栧弽寮忕祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鐨勭儻鐑�
3
绗簲绔� 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 姗嬬挵(hu谩n)鍜岃灪鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绯荤当(t菕ng)鍛藉悕
2. 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堝皬鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑涓嶇┅(w臎n)瀹氭€э級
3. 纰崇挵(hu谩n)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛堝嫉鍔涘拰鐒″嫉鍔涚挵(hu谩n)锛�
4. 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑寸殑绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
5. 鐠�(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞�锛岃埞寮忓拰妞呭紡銆佺洿绔嬮嵉鍜屽钩浼忛嵉
6. 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑村埗鍌欐柟娉�
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 姗嬬挵(hu谩n)鍜岃灪鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╁懡鍚嶅強鍛藉悕鍘熷墖
2. 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
3. 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑寸殑涓嶉＝鍜屾€�锛屽皬鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑涓嶇┅(w臎n)瀹氭€э紝灏忕挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑瑕浕鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閬靛惊棣皬瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛屽皬鐠�(hu谩n)鍖�
鍚堢墿鍏锋湁鎶楁哀鍖栨€�
4. 鐠�(hu谩n)寮靛姏銆佽剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑闋嗗弽鐣版(g貌u)銆佺挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞″紡锛氳埞寮忓拰妞呭紡妲�(g貌u)璞�锛岀洿绔嬮嵉鍜屽钩浼忛嵉
5. 绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細鍚堟垚绨″柈鐨勭挵(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗�
绗叚绔� 鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬棆鍏夋€с€丗ischer 鎶曞奖鐨勮(gu墨)鍓囧強浣跨敤瑭叉姇褰卞紡鐨勮(gu墨)瀹�锛屼互鍙� Fischer
2. 鎶曞奖寮忓拰 Newman 寮�锛屾褰㈠紡鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鎻�
3. 鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙銆佹墜鎬у寲鍚堢墿妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪垽鏂凤紙R銆丼 鍛藉悕鍘熷墖锛�
4. 灏嶆槧楂�銆侀潪灏嶆槧楂斻€佸収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂�銆佸娑堟棆楂�
5. 鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绔嬮珨鐣版(g貌u)
6. 涓嶅惈鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑灏嶆槧鐣版(g貌u)锛堣伅(li谩n)鑻瀷銆佷笝浜岀儻鍨�銆佽灪鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋級
7. 瑕浕鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙銆佹墜鎬у寲鍚堢墿妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪垽鏂凤紙R銆丼 鍛藉悕鍘熷墖锛�
2. 灏嶆槧鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞″拰鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€佸皪鏄犻珨銆侀潪灏嶆槧楂�銆佸収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂�銆佸娑堟棆楂�銆佷互鍙婄挵(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╃殑
绔嬮珨鐣版(g貌u)
3. 涓嶅惈鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑灏嶆槧鐣版(g貌u)锛氳伅(li谩n)鑻瀷銆佷笝浜岀儻鍨�銆佽灪鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�銆佸皪绋卞厓绱犲皪绋辨搷浣滃垽鏂锋墜
鎬�
4. 绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細閬嬬敤绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨瑙ｉ噵鐑兇瑕浕鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼
4
绗竷绔� 鑺崇兇
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 鑻殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆侀洔鍖栬粚閬撶悊璜栧拰鍒嗗瓙杌岄亾娉曞畾鎬цВ閲�锛岃悩銆佽捊鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
2. 鍠挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂懡鍚�
3. 鍠挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
4. 鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬪強鍏剁悊璜栬В閲嬪拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
5. 鐞嗚В鑺抽鎬ф蹇�銆佷紤鍏嬬埦瑕�(gu墨)鍓�
6. 澶氱挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)銆佽悩鐨勭：鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸嫊鍔涘(xu茅)鎺у埗鍜岀啽鍔涘(xu茅)鎺у埗
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 鍠挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂懡鍚嶏紝钀�銆佽捊鐨勫懡鍚�
2. 闆滃寲杌岄亾鐞嗚珫鍜屽垎瀛愯粚閬撴硶灏嶈嫰銆佽悩銆佽捊绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫畾鎬цВ閲�
3. 鍠挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鍙婅悩鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氾紙1锛夎Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶紙2锛夊姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�3锛夋哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
4. 閬嬬敤鍏辨尟璜栬В閲嬭Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼
5. 绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細閬嬬敤鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪悎鎴愮浉鎳�(y墨ng)鍖栧悎鐗�
6. 闈炶嫰鑺崇兇鍜屼紤鍏嬬埦瑕�(gu墨)鍓囷細鍒╃敤浼戝厠鐖捐(gu墨)鍓囧垽鏂疯姵棣欐€�
绗叓绔� 楣典唬鐑�
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚嶅強鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)
2. 楣典唬鐑寸殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
3. 瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼鍙婂叾褰遍熆鍥犵礌
4. 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 楣典唬鐑寸殑鍛藉悕娉曘€侀沟鍘熷瓙鐨勪綅缃笉鍚�锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷村悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)楂旀暩(sh霉)姣旂浉鍚岀⒊鏁�(sh霉)鐨勭兎鐑村
2. 楣典唬鐑寸殑瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
锛�1锛� SN1銆丼N2 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊鍔涘(xu茅)锛岀珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙婂叾褰遍熆鍥犵礌
锛�2锛� 楣典唬鐑寸殑娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜屾湱渚濆垏澶�(Satyzeff)瑕�(gu墨)鍓�
锛�3锛� E1銆丒2 鍏╃ó娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆佸奖闊垮洜绱犲強绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鐗瑰緛
3. 閲戝爆鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛氭牸鏋楅泤瑭﹀姂鐨勫埗娉曞拰鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涙湁姗熼嫲[RLi]瑭﹀姂鍙婇妳閶拌│鍔戠殑鍒舵硶鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�
4. 绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細鍒╃敤閲戝爆鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╅€茶鏈夋鍚堟垚
绗節绔� 閱� 閰� 閱�
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤炲強鍏跺懡鍚嶆硶
5
2. 姘嵉灏嶇啍榛炪€佹哺榛�銆佹按婧舵€х殑褰遍熆
3. 閱囧拰閰氱殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸锛屾瘮杓冮唶鍜岄厷鐨勯吀鎬�
4. 閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
5. 閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉�
浜屻€佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤炲強鍏跺懡鍚嶆硶锛屾帉鎻￠唶銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸
2. 閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
锛�1锛� 閱囩殑鑴按鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾姝风▼锛涢厷鐨勯吀鎬э紱閱氶嵉鐨勬柗瑁傚強鍏舵绋嬬瓑閲嶈鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
锛�2锛� 涓嶅悓椤炲瀷閱�銆侀厷鐨勯憭鍒�
锛�3锛� 閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉�
3. 绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細鐢ㄦ牸鏋楅泤锛圙rignard锛夎│鍔戝拰涓嶅悓鐨勯啗鎴栭叜鍚堟垚涓嶅悓椤炲瀷鐨勯唶锛涢唶閳夋垨閰氶垑鍜岄沟浠ｇ兇
缍�(j墨ng)(Williamson)娉曞悎鎴愰啔锛堟敞鎰忎笉鑳界敤涓夌礆楣典唬鐑凤級
绗崄绔� 閱� 閰�
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 閱涢叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佸悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂懡鍚�
2. 閱涢叜鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
3. 瑕牳鍔犳垚姝风▼
4. 閱涢叜鍒舵硶
4. 涓嶉＝鍜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 閱涢叜鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶啗閰垏閱囥€佹矮姘伴吀銆佷簽纭吀姘垑銆佹牸鏋楅泤锛圙rignard锛夎│鍔�銆侀瓘鎮屽笇(Wittig)瑭�
鍔�銆佹皑鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
2. 瑕牳鍔犳垚鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛岀啊鍠殑瑕牳鍔犳垚姝风▼鍜屽姞鎴愨€旀秷闄ゆ绋�
3. 閱涢叜?-H 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)
锛�1锛� 缇ラ啗绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑姊濅欢锛涢沟浠垮弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬浠�
锛�2锛� 缇ラ啗绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼
4. 绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ茎閱涚府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍚堟垚 伪,尾-涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰�锛涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ沟浠垮弽鎳�(y墨ng)閼掑垾鍙婂悎鎴愬皯涓€鍊嬬⒊鐨勭晶閰�
5. 閱涢叜鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶啗閰寲鍚堢墿鍚勭ó閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂悇绋倓鍘熷姂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ寖鍦�
6. 閱涢叜鍖栧悎鐗╃殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氳垏鎵樺€�(Tollens)瑭﹀姂鍜屾枑鏋�(Fehling)瑭﹀姂鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑕佹眰鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢紙閱涜垏閰�
鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒ワ級锛涢叜鐨勬嫓鐖�-缍珛鏍�(Baeyer-Villiger)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
7. 锛圕annizzaro锛夊悍灏兼煡缇呭弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬悍灏兼煡缇呭弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬浠跺強浜ら尟搴峰凹鏌ョ緟鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
8. 椋藉拰涓€鍏冮啗閰殑甯哥敤鍒跺倷鏂规硶鍜屼笉椋藉拰缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗╂€ц唱(zh矛)
锛�1锛� 椋藉拰涓€鍏冮啗閰殑甯哥敤鍒跺倷鏂规硶
6
锛�2锛� 伪銆佄�-涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰殑 1,2-鍔犳垚鍜� 1,4-鍔犳垚锛圡icheal锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)
绗崄涓€绔� 缇ч吀
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 缇ч吀鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曞強鏌愪簺淇楀悕
2. 缇ч吀鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
3. 缇ч吀鐨勫埗鍌�
4. 浜屽厓缇ч吀鍜屽彇浠ｉ吀
5. 閰稿牽鐞嗚珫
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 缇ч吀鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曞強鏌愪簺淇楀悕锛氭敞鎰忎笉椋藉拰閰镐腑闆欓嵉浣嶆鐨勮〃绀烘硶
2. 缇ч吀鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆侀吀鎬у強鐔旈粸娌搁粸鐨勬瘮杓�
3. 鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氱晶閰镐笂 OH 鐨勫彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佄�-H 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)浠ュ強閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
4. 缇ч吀鐨勫埗鍌欙細姘у寲娉曘€佹按瑙ｆ硶鍜岀晶鍖栨硶鍒跺倷涓€鍏冪晶閰�
5. 浜屽厓缇ч吀鍜屽彇浠ｉ吀鐨勪富瑕佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氳劔缇у拰鑴按鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╁強鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
绗崄浜岀珷 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗�
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�
2. 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑姘磋В銆侀唶瑙ｅ拰姘ㄨВ
3. 閰殑姘磋В鍜屽厠钀婃．(C1aisen)閰府鍚堟绋�
4. 涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鍜屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰湪鏈夋鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
5. 閰拌兒鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 閰伴沟鍜岄吀閰愮殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
锛�1锛� 鎺屾彙鍜屾瘮杓冪晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勬按瑙ｃ€侀唶瑙ｅ拰姘ㄨВ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€�
锛�2锛� 鑸囨牸鏋楅泤瑭﹀姂鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)
2. 閰稿牽鍌寲閰殑姘磋В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼
3. 鍏嬭悐妫�(C1aisen)閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼鍙婅开鍏嬫浖锛圖ickman锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)骞堕亱鐢ㄨ开鍏嬫浖鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍚堟垚鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗�
4. 鍒╃敤涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鍜屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰悎鎴愭湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿
5. 閰拌兒鐨勯吀鍫挎€у強闇嶅か鏇硷紙Hofmann锛夐檷绱氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)
7
绗崄涓夌珷 鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒跺倷鍙婂叾鎬ц唱(zh矛)
2. 鑳虹殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚嶆硶鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
3. 鑳虹殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
4. 閲嶆爱楣界殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鍦ㄦ湁姗熷悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
5. 鍒嗗瓙閲嶆帓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒跺倷鍙婂叾鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佷笉鍚岀鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勯憭鍒�
2. 鑳虹殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬牽鎬�(绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾憾鍔戝寲鏁堟噳(y墨ng))锛涜兒鐨勯憭鍒�锛涘閵ㄩ菇鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婇湇澶浖锛圚ofmann锛夎(gu墨)鍓�锛�
鑳虹殑鍒跺倷锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ寖鍦�
3. 閲嶆爱鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶噸姘菇鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鍦ㄦ湁姗熷悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆佸彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽伓鑱�(li谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
4. 鍒嗗瓙閲嶆帓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氫富瑕佺殑瑕牳閲嶆帓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婅Κ闆婚噸鎺掑弽鎳�(y墨ng)
绗崄鍥涚珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 浜斿厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╁憢鍠�銆佸櫥鍚┿€佸悺鍜殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨€ц唱(zh矛)
2. 鍏厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╁悺鍟剁殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨€ц唱(zh矛)
3. 绋犵挵(hu谩n)闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╁柟鍟夌殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鑸囧悎鎴�
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 鍛嬪杻銆佸櫥鍚┿€佸悺鍜�銆佸悺鍟剁殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨€ц唱(zh矛)
2. 灏嶆瘮鑻瘮杓冭姵棣欐€уぇ灏忓強瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€уぇ灏�
3. 鍠瑰晧鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婄敱鑺宠兒鍜屼笉椋藉拰閱涖€侀叜鍚堟垚鍠瑰晧椤炲寲鍚堢墿
绗崄浜旂珷 鍛ㄧ挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 闆荤挵(hu谩n)鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
2. 鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
3. 蟽-閸甸伔绉诲弽鎳�(y墨ng)
4. 閬嬬敤鍓嶇窔杌岄亾鐞嗚珫鍜屽皪绋辨€цВ閲嬭鏄庡弽鎳�(y墨ng)閬庣▼
浜� 銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 4n蟺 鍜�(4n+2)蟺 闆诲瓙楂旂郴闆荤挵(hu谩n)鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╁強绔嬮珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
2. [2+2]鍜孾4+2] 椤炲瀷鐨勭挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╁強绔嬮珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
8
3. 绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細鎳�(y墨ng)鐢� Diels-Alder 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍚堟垚鍏厓鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗�
4. [3,3] 蟽-閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛圕laisen 閲嶆帓銆丆ope 閲嶆帓锛�
5. [1,3]銆乕1,5]鍜孾3,3] 蟽-閬风Щ鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
绗崄鍏珷 鏈夋鍚堟垚
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 褰㈡垚纰崇⒊閸电殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
2. 瀹樿兘鍦樺紩鍏ュ拰杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�
3. 瀹樿兘鍦樹繚璀�
4. 绔嬮珨閬告搰鎺у埗
浜�銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 妲�(g貌u)鎴愮⒊纰抽嵉鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佺⒊纰抽嵉鐨勫闀锋垨绺煭
2. 瀹樿兘鍦樺紩鍏�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)鎻�銆佷繚璀峰強绔嬮珨閬告搰鎺у埗銆佸畼鑳藉湗寮曞叆姊濅欢鍙婂厛鍚庨爢搴�
3. 绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細缍滃悎閬嬬敤鍩虹(ch菙)鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨閫茶绨″柈鐨勬湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿鍚堟垚
绗崄涓冪珷 鏈夋娉㈣瓬
涓€銆佽€冩牳鐭ヨ瓨榛�
1. 绱鍏夎瓬鑸囧叡杌涘垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰�
2. 绱呭鍚告敹闋荤巼鑸囧寲瀛�(xu茅)閸典笁绋洔鍖栨厠(t脿i)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯诲強绱呭鍗€(q奴)鍚告敹鍒嗗瓙鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛
3.
1
HNMR 涓殑鍖栧(xu茅)浣嶇Щ锛岃嚜鏃�-鑷棆鍋跺悎鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷強鍏惰垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰�
浜屻€佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1. 绱鍏夎瓬锛氭帉鎻″悇绋浕瀛愯簫閬�銆並 甯�銆丅 甯躲€丷 甯�銆佺磪绉�銆佽棈绉荤殑姒傚康锛屽垽鏂峰寲鍚堢墿
2. 绱呭鍏夎瓬锛氱磪澶栧惛鏀堕牷鐜囪垏鍖栧(xu茅)閸典笁绋洔鍖栨厠(t脿i)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯诲強甯歌鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绱呭鐗瑰緛鍚告敹銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧惛鏀�
闋荤巼鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
3. 鏍哥鍏辨尟锛�
1
HNMR 涓殑鍖栧(xu茅)浣嶇Щ锛岃嚜鏃�-鑷棆鍋跺悎鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷強鍏惰垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰�銆�
鍚勭ó璩�(zh矛)瀛愮殑鍖栧(xu茅)浣嶇Щ鑼冨湇銆傜祼(ji茅)鍚堢传澶�銆佺磪澶栧厜璀�锛岄亱鐢�
1
HNMR 涓寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ銆佸嘲鐨勮鍒�銆佸嘲闈㈢⿳
姣旂瓑涓€绱氳瓬鐨勮(gu墨)寰嬫帹鏂风啊鍠湁姗熷垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛烇紝鑸囨湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
