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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
   
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瀛�銆佺⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙锛夈€佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙栧悜銆佸彇浠h嫰鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰�銆�?-H 鐨勬椿鎬�銆�
閰稿牽鎬х瓑锛涚悊瑙g┖闁撴晥鎳�(y墨ng)灏�(du矛)鍖栧悎鐗╂€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊匡紝濡傞爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)鍙� a/e 閸电暟妲�(g貌u)楂�
鐨勭浉灏�(du矛)绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛屽皪(du矛)瑕牳鍙栦唬鐨勫奖闊�锛屽皪(du矛)閱涢叜鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愮殑褰遍熆绛�锛�
3. 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)椤炲瀷鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�
锛�1锛� 鑷敱鍩哄彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭細涓嶅悓绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐑风兇楣典唬锛岀儻涓欎綅锛埼�-H锛夌殑閬告搰
鎬ц垏娲绘€�锛�
锛�2锛夎嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭細鐑兇鑸� HBr 鐨勮嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚
锛�3锛� 瑕浕鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭細姝g⒑鍒ゆ柗涓嶅皪(du矛)绋辩儻鍜岀倲鐨勫姞鎴愬彇鍚戙€佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)闆f槗锛�
姝g⒑瀵嚭涓昏鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�锛�
锛�4锛夎Κ闆诲彇浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭紝涓€鍙栦唬銆佷簩鍙栦唬鑺崇兇鐨勫彇浠e畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰�锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨�
涓昏鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�锛�
锛�5锛� 椋藉拰纰充笂瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛歋N1銆丼N2 姝风▼鍙婂叾鐗瑰緛锛屽奖闊胯Κ鏍�
鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勪富瑕佸洜绱�锛岃兘澶犳瘮杓冧笉鍚岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)楣典唬鐑� SN1 鎴� SN2 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬椿鎬у強绔�
楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛�
锛�6锛夋秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛欵1銆丒2 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆佺珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙婂叾褰遍熆鍥犵礌锛�
锛�7锛� 閱涢叜鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛岃Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€�锛�
锛�8锛夊垎瀛愰噸鎺掞細鎺屾彙纰虫闆㈠瓙閲嶆帓銆佸毈閭i唶閲嶆帓 銆丅eckmann 閲嶆帓锛�
浜嗚В Wagner-Meerwein 閲嶆帓銆丠ofmann 閲嶆帓銆丆laisen 閲嶆帓绛�锛�
锛�9锛変簡瑙i叝鍖栧拰姘磋В姝风▼锛�
锛堜簲锛夊熀鏈弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂埗鍌欐柟娉曪級
1. 鐑风兇锛氶沟浠e弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀兎鐑寸殑鍒舵硶锛堟鎱堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼笉椋藉拰鐑村姞姘級锛�
2. 鐑兇锛氬姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝偓鍖栧姞姘�锛屽姞 X2銆丠X銆丠2SO4銆丠2O銆丠OX锛夛紝纭兼矮
鍖�-姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃嚟姘у寲-閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛孠MnO4 姘у寲锛岀挵(hu谩n)姘у寲锛屛�-H 楣典唬銆侀亷
姘у寲鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
鐑兇鍒舵硶锛氱倲鐑撮伕鎿囨€у姞姘�锛孯X銆丷OH 鐨勬秷闄�锛學ittig 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
3. 鐐旂兇锛氬姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝姞姘�锛屽姞 X2銆丠X銆丷OH銆丠CN銆丆H3COOH锛�锛屾哀鍖�锛�
閲戝爆鐐斿寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚鍙婄兇鍩哄寲锛�
4. 鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑达細1,2-鍔犳垚鍜� 1,4-鍔犳垚锛岄洐鐑悎鎴愶紙Diels-Alder 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�锛�
5. 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑达細楣典唬锛岀挵(hu谩n)涓欑兎琛嶇敓鐗╃殑闁嬬挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚锛堝鍔� HX锛�锛涘埗娉曪細闆欑儻鍚堟垚锛�
尾 -浜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
6. 鑺崇兇锛氱挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠o紙楣典唬銆佺鍖�銆佺:鍖栥€佸倕-鍏嬬兎鍩哄寲鍜屽倕-鍏�?锛涱姮?銆�
姘敳鍩哄寲锛夛紝姘у寲锛堝伌(c猫)閺堟哀鍖�锛岀挵(hu谩n)鐨勭牬瑁傦級锛涚兎鍩鸿嫰 伪-H 鐨勯沟浠�锛涚兎鍩鸿嫰
鍒舵硶锛�
7. 楣典唬鐑达細瑕牳鍙栦唬锛堟按瑙�銆侀唶瑙c€佹皑瑙�銆佽垏 NaCN 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽垏 AgNO3 鐨�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀沟绱犵疆鎻涳級锛孲N1銆丼N2锛涙秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛圗1銆丒2锛�锛涜垏閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堟牸
姘忚│鍔戝強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆佹鎱堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽垏閶扮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�锛�
楣典唬鐑村埗娉曪細鐢辩儻鐑村埗鍌�锛岀敱閱囧埗鍌�锛�
8. 閱囷細鑸囨椿娼戦噾灞殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃垏 HX銆丳X3銆丳Cl5銆丼OCl2 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽垎瀛愬収(n猫i)鑴�
姘�锛屽垎瀛愰枔鑴按锛岄叝鐨勭敓鎴�锛屾哀鍖栧拰鑴矮锛屛�-浜屽厓閱囩殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛圚IO4 姘у寲銆�
Pinacol 閲嶆帓锛夛紱
閱囩殑鍒舵硶锛氱儻鐑存按鍚�锛岀〖姘寲-姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄沟浠g兇姘磋В銆佹牸姘忓悎鎴�锛岄啗閰�銆�
缇ч吀銆侀叝鐨勯倓鍘�
9. 閱氾細缇婇菇鐨勭敓鎴�锛岄啔閸电殑鏂疯锛涚挵(hu谩n)姘т箼鐑峰埗娉曞強鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�
閱氱殑鍒舵硶锛氶唶鍒嗗瓙闁撹劔姘�锛學iliammson 鍚堟垚娉曪紱
10. 閰氾細閰告€�锛屾哀鍖栵紝閰氶啔銆侀厷閰殑鐢熸垚锛岀挵(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠�锛岃垏涓夋隘鍖栭惖鐨勯’鑹插弽
鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
閰氱殑鍒舵硶锛氱暟涓欒嫰姘у寲娉�锛岀:鍖栧牽鐔旀硶锛岄噸姘菇姘磋В锛�
11. 閱�銆侀叜锛氳Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝姞 HCN銆丯aHSO3銆丷OH銆丷MgX銆佹皑鍙婂叾琛嶇敓
鐗╋級锛學ittig 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屛�-H 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堥沟浠�銆侀沟浠垮弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺茎閱涚府鍚堬級锛屾哀鍖栵紙K2Cr2O7
鎴� KMnO4 姘у寲銆侀妧閺″弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀妳閺″弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�锛岄倓鍘燂紙閲戝爆姘寲鐗╅倓鍘�銆�
Clemmensen 閭勫師銆乄olf-Kishner-榛冮炒榫嶅弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�锛孋annizzaro 姝у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝寘
鎷氦鍙夋鍖栧強鍒嗗瓙鍏�(n猫i)姝у寲锛�锛�
閱�銆侀叜鍒舵硶锛氱倲鐑存按鍚堬紝閱囨哀鍖�锛屽倕-鍏嬮叞鍩哄寲锛孯osenmund 閭勫師锛屼箼
閰颁箼閰镐箼閰強涓欎簩閰搁叝鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ瓑锛�
12. 缇ч吀锛氶吀鎬�锛岃鐢熺墿鐨勭敓鎴�锛岃劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屛�-H 鐨勯沟浠�锛屼簩鍏冮吀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
楣典唬閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚茎鍩洪吀鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛�
缇ч吀鐨勫埗娉曪細涓嶉=鍜岀兇銆侀唶銆侀啗鐨勬哀鍖栵紝鑵堢殑姘磋В锛屾牸姘忚│鍔戣垏 CO2 鐨�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰拰涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝娉�锛涚茎鍩洪吀鐨勫埗娉曪紱
13. 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╋細閰伴沟銆侀吀閰�銆侀叝銆侀叞鑳虹殑姘磋В銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙�锛岄叝鐨勯倓鍘�锛�
Claisen 绺悎锛堝寘鎷氦鍙夌府鍚堝拰鍒嗗瓙鍏�(n猫i)绺悎锛�锛岄叝鑸� RMgX 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄叞鑳�
鐨� Hofmann 闄嶇礆(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
14. 鑵堬細姘磋В锛岄倓鍘燂紝鍒舵硶锛�
15. 纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╋細纭濆熀鐑风兇鐨勫急閰告€э紱鑺抽鏃忕鍩哄寲鍚堢墿纭濆熀鐨勯倓鍘燂紝鑺崇挵(hu谩n)
涓婄殑鍙栦唬锛�
16. 鑳猴細鑳虹殑鍫挎€�锛岀兇鍩哄寲锛�?锛涱姮?锛岀:閰板寲锛岃垏浜炵閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃姵鑳虹挵(hu谩n)涓�
鐨勫彇浠�锛涘閵ㄥ牽鐨� Hofmann 娑堥櫎锛�
鑳虹殑鍒舵硶锛氭皑鐨勭兇鍩哄寲锛岀鍩哄寲鍚堢墿閭勫師锛岄倓鍘熻兒鍖�锛孒ofmann 闄嶇礆(j铆)鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃搵甯冪憺鐖惧悎鎴愭硶锛�
17. 閲嶆爱楣斤細鍒舵硶锛涙噳(y墨ng)鐢細鏀炬爱鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥噸姘熀琚矮銆佺茎鍩�銆侀沟绱�銆佹鞍鍩哄彇浠o級锛�
淇濈暀姘殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝伓姘寲鍚堢墿鐨勭敓鎴愶級锛�
18. 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細浜斿厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠o紝鍏厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鐨勮Κ闆�銆佽Κ鏍稿彇浠�锛�
锛堝叚锛夊寲鍚堢墿鐨勯憭鍒�
瑕佹眰鐔熸倝涓嶅悓椤炲瀷鍖栧悎鐗╁父瑕嬬殑閼掑垾鏂规硶銆傛瘡绲� 3锝�4 鍊�(g猫)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閼�
鍒�锛屾墍鐢ㄦ柟娉曞繀闋堟湁鏄庨’鐨勭洿瑙€鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紙濡傞鑹茬殑璁婂寲銆佹埃楂旂殑鐢熸垚銆佹矇娣€
鐨勫嚭鐝�(xi脿n)绛夛級锛屾牸寮忕啊(ji菐n)鍠槑浜�銆�
锛堜竷锛夊寲鍚堢墿鐨勫垎闆㈡彁绱�
鑳藉鐔熺反閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜岃畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬪強鍩烘湰瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎶€琛�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛屽父瑕�(gu墨)
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛洟鍜屾彁绱斻€傛瘡绲� 2锝�4 鍊�(g猫)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛洟鎴栨彁绱�锛屽嵆寰炴贩鍚堥珨
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锛堝叓锛夌祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)
1. 鎿�(j霉)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐝�(xi脿n)璞℃帹灏�(d菐o)鏈夋(j墨)鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽苟鑳藉鍑哄悇姝ュ弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮忥紱
2. 浜嗚В绱呭鍜屾牳纾佸叡鎸殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛岃兘澶犵啛绶撮亱(y霉n)鐢ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜岃畩
鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬪強 IR銆丯MR 鍏夎瓬鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鏈夋(j墨)鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽苟鑳藉鍑哄悇姝ュ弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮忋€�
锛堜節锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚
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瑕�(gu墨)澶氭鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚鍟忛銆�
1. 鐢辨寚瀹氬師鏂欏悎鎴愮洰妯�(bi膩o)鍖栧悎鐗╋紱
2. 鑷伕閬╃暥(d膩ng)鍘熸枡鍚堟垚鐩(bi膩o)鍖栧悎鐗�
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