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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
婀栧崡甯寖澶у(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岃€冭│澶х侗
鑰冭│绉戠洰浠ｇ⒓锛� 014- 鑰冭│绉戠洰锛氭櫘閫氶伜鍌冲(xu茅)
涓€銆佽€冭│褰㈠紡鑸囪│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
1锛� 鑰冭│鎴愮妇(j墨)鍙婅€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�
鏈│鍗锋豢鍒嗙偤 100 鍒�锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撶偤 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
2锛� 绛旈鏂瑰紡
绛旈鏂瑰紡鐐洪枆鍗枫€佺瓎瑭�銆�
3锛� 瑭﹀嵎鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鏅€氶伜鍌冲(xu茅) 100 鍒�
4锛� 椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鍚嶈瑙ｉ噵 10 鍊�(g猫)锛�30 鍒�
濉┖椤� 20 鍊�(g猫)锛�20 鍒�
绨�(ji菐n)绛旈 5 鍊�(g猫)锛� 50 鍒�
浜�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹硅垏鑰冭│瑕佹眰
0. 绶掕珫
浠€涔堟槸閬哄偝锛熶粈涔堟槸璁婄暟锛熼伜鍌冲(xu茅)瑾曠敓鐨勫勾浠ｃ€�
1. 閬哄偝鐗╄唱(zh矛)
閬哄偝鐗╄唱(zh矛)鏄� DNA 鐨勮瓑鏄�銆傝綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫殑姒傚康銆侱NA 鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)绲勬垚锛孯NA 鐨�
鐗╄唱(zh矛)绲勬垚銆侱NA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑鍩烘湰瑕�(gu墨)寰�銆備腑蹇冩硶鍓囩殑鍩烘湰鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆傛湁绲插垎瑁傚拰
娓涙暩(sh霉)鍒嗚鐨勬蹇点€� 娓涙暩(sh霉)鍒嗚鐨勬檪(sh铆)鏈熻垏鐗归粸(di菐n)銆傛湁绲插垎瑁傜殑閬庣▼鑸囩壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
2. Mendel 瀹氬緥鍙婂叾鎿�(ku貌)灞�
绱斿悎楂�銆侀洔鍚堥珨鐨勬蹇�?锛涗簾?銆侀洔浜ゃ€佽嚜浜�銆佹脯(c猫)浜ょ殑姒傚康銆傚瓱寰�
鐖惧垎闆㈠畾寰嬭垏鑷敱绲勫悎瀹氬緥鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�?锛涱媰铔愬洟c琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍨嬬殑姒傚康銆傚绯荤殑
璀�(sh铆)鍒�銆傞’鎬ф€х媭鑸囬毐鎬ф€х媭鐨勬蹇�?锛熐氱稇z椹�(y脿n)鐨勬柟娉�銆傚苟椤€�銆侀懖宓�
椤€ц垏涓嶅畬鍏ㄩ’鎬х殑姒傚康銆傜瓑浣嶅熀鍥犺垏寰�(f霉)绛変綅鍩哄洜鐨勬蹇�銆備粈涔堟槸鍩�
鍥犱簰瑁�(b菙)浣滅敤锛熶粈涔堟槸鎶戝埗浣滅敤锛熶粈涔堟槸椤€т笂浣嶄互鍙婁粈涔堟槸闅辨€т笂
浣�锛熶粈涔堟槸鍩哄洜鐨勭枈鍔犱綔鐢紵
3. 閫ｉ帠浜掓彌鑸囧熀鍥犱綔鍦�
閫ｉ帠鑸囦簰鎻涚殑姒傚康銆備氦鎻涘€艰垏閲嶇祫鍊肩殑瑷�(j矛)绠�銆備笁榛�(di菐n)娓�(c猫)浜ょ殑姒傚康锛�
涓夐粸(di菐n)娓�(c猫)浜ょ殑瑷�(j矛)绠椼€備粈涔堟槸閫ｉ帠鍦�锛熼€ｉ帠鍦栫殑鍒朵綔鏂规硶銆傚苟鐧�(f膩)绯绘暩(sh霉)鑸囧共
娑夌郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆傞€ｉ帠鍦栧湒璺濆柈浣嶆槸浠€涔�锛熶粈涔堟槸浜洪鍩哄洜绲勮▓(j矛)鍔冿紵
4. 鎬у垾姹哄畾鑸囦即鎬ч伜鍌�
鎬у垾姹哄畾鏈夊摢浜涢鍨�锛熶粈涔堟槸浼存€ч伜鍌�锛熶粈涔堟槸闄愭€ч伜鍌�锛熶粈
涔堟槸寰炴€ч伜鍌�锛熶即鎬ч伜鍌崇殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆備氦鍙夐伜鍌崇殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆俋 鏌撹壊楂旈毐鎬ч伜
鍌崇梾鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
5. 绱�(x矛)鑿岃垏鍣弻楂旂殑閬哄偝
鎺ュ悎鐢熸畺鐨勬蹇�銆備粈涔堟槸 F 鍥犲瓙銆丗鈥欏洜瀛愬拰 Hfr 鑿屾牚锛熶笁鑰呮湁
浠€涔堝崁(q奴)鍒ュ拰鑱�(li谩n)绯�锛熶腑鏂烽洔浜や綔鍦栫殑鍘熺悊銆傛櫘閬嶆€ц綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)鍜屽眬闄愭€ц綁(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)鐨�
姒傚康銆傚櫖鑿岄珨閲嶇祫鍊肩殑瑷�(j矛)绠�銆傞爢鍙嶅瓙銆佺獊璁婂瓙銆侀噸绲勫瓙鐨勬蹇�?锛涱媰?br/>姒傚康鏄浣曠櫦(f膩)灞曠殑锛�
7 鏌撹壊楂旂暩璁�
鏌撹壊楂旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)璁婄暟鏈夊摢浜涢鍨�锛熺己澶遍€犳垚鍝簺绱�(x矛)鑳炲(xu茅)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜岄伜鍌�
瀛�(xu茅)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛熼噸寰�(f霉)閫犳垚鍝簺绱�(x矛)鑳炲(xu茅)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜岄伜鍌冲(xu茅)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛熷€掍綅閫犳垚鍝簺绱�(x矛)
鑳炲(xu茅)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜岄伜鍌冲(xu茅)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛熺浉浜掓槗浣嶉€犳垚鍝簺绱�(x矛)鑳炲(xu茅)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜岄伜鍌冲(xu茅)鏁�
鎳�(y墨ng)锛熸摤椤€х殑姒傚康銆傚钩琛¤嚧姝荤郴鐨勬蹇点€傚悓婧愬鍊嶉珨鍜岀暟婧愬鍊嶉珨鐨�
姒傚康銆備粈涔堟槸鍠珨銆佷笁楂�銆佺己楂斻€佸洓楂�銆侀洐涓夐珨鍜岄洐鍠珨锛�
8.鍩哄洜绐佽畩
鍩哄洜绐佽畩鐨勬蹇�銆備粈涔堟槸鑷櫦(f膩)绐佽畩锛屼粈涔堟槸瑾樼櫦(f膩)绐佽畩锛熺獊璁婂叿鏈�
鍝簺鐗归粸(di菐n)锛熷洖寰�(f霉)绐佽畩鐨勬蹇�銆傚柂澶卞姛鑳界獊璁婄殑姒傚康銆傚畬鍏ㄧ己澶辩獊璁婄殑
姒傚康銆傜Щ纰肩獊璁婄殑姒傚康銆傚悓缇╃獊璁娿€侀尟(cu貌)缇╃獊璁婂拰鐒＄京绐佽畩鐨勬蹇�銆�
9.绱�(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)閬哄偝
绱�(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)閬哄偝鐨勬蹇点€傜窗(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)閬哄偝鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆傞泟鎬т笉鑲茬郴銆佹仮寰�(f霉)绯诲拰
淇濇寔绯荤殑鍩哄洜鍨嬪垎鍒ユ槸浠€涔�锛熸瘝鎬у奖闊跨殑姒傚康銆傛瀵�(sh铆)铻哄娈艰灪鏃嬫柟鍚�
鐨勯伜鍌崇壒寰併€�
10.鏁�(sh霉)閲忔€х媭鐨勯伜鍌�
浠€涔堟槸璩�(zh矛)閲忔€х媭銆佷粈涔堟槸鏁�(sh霉)閲忔€х媭锛熸暩(sh霉)閲忔€х媭閬哄偝鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆傚鍩�
鍥犲亣瑾殑涓昏鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆傞伜鍌崇巼銆佸唬缇╅伜鍌崇巼鍜岀嫻缇╅伜鍌崇巼鐨勬蹇�銆�
11.鍩哄洜瑾�(di脿o)鎺ц垏鐧�(f膩)鑲�
涔崇硸鎿嶇副瀛愮殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆備钩绯栨搷绺卞瓙鐨勬璨�(f霉)瑾�(di脿o)鎺у師鐞�銆傜湡鏍哥敓鐗╄(di脿o)鎺�
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闋嗗紡浣滅敤鍏冧欢鍜屽弽寮忎綔鐢ㄥ洜瀛愮殑姒傚康銆傚寮�(qi谩ng)瀛�銆佽“娓涘瓙銆佺祩姝㈠瓙鐨勬
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12.缇ら珨閬哄偝鑸囬€�(j矛n)鍖�
浠€涔堟槸 Hardy-Weinberg 瀹氬緥锛熼伜鍌冲钩琛＄兢楂旂殑涓昏鐗归粸(di菐n)鏄粈
涔堬紵鍩哄洜鍨嬮牷鐜�銆佸熀鍥犻牷鐜囩殑姒傚康鑸囪▓(j矛)绠�?锛涱媰椹囨枔姣嶆媿?銆�
涓�銆佸弮鑰冩浉鐩細
1. 寮甸闆勪富绶紝鏅€氶伜鍌冲(xu茅)銆傚寳浜�锛岀瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�銆�2004 骞淬€�
2. 鍔夌娲炰富绶�銆傞伜鍌冲(xu茅)锛屼笂涓嬪唺(c猫)锛岀浜岀増銆傚寳浜�锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗�
绀�銆�1990 骞�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬с€佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
