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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
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鑰冭│绉戠洰浠ｇ⒓锛歔730] 鑰冭│绉戠洰鍚嶇ū锛氳棩鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙婂垎鏋愬熀绀�(ch菙)
涓€銆佽€冭│褰㈠紡鑸囪│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
1)瑭﹀嵎鎴愮妇鍙婅€冭│鏅傞枔锛�
鏈│鍗锋豢鍒嗙偤 300 鍒�锛岃€冭│鏅傞枔鐐� 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
2)绛旈鏂瑰紡锛氶枆鍗枫€佺瓎瑭�
3)瑭﹀嵎鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
锛堜竴锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎 50%
锛堜簩锛夊垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎 50%
4)椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
a: 鍠伕椤�锛�20 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 2 鍒�锛屽叡 40 鍒�
b: 濉┖椤�锛�10 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 3 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒�
c: 鏇稿鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏂圭▼寮�锛�5 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 4 鍒�锛屽叡 20 鍒�
d: 绨＄瓟椤�锛�5 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 10 鍒�锛屽叡 50 鍒�
e: 姗�(j墨)鐞嗛锛�3 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 10 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒�
f: 鍚堟垚椤�锛�3 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 10 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒�
g: 鎺ㄦ柗椤�锛�3 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 10 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒�
h: 瑷堢畻椤岋紝5 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 12 鍒�锛屽叡 60 鍒�
i: 鍒嗘瀽鏂规瑷�(sh猫)瑷�锛�1 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 10 鍒�锛屽叡 10 鍒�
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锛堜竴锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)
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鍒嗗瓙鎬ц唱(zh矛)闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紝閰稿牽姒傚康锛屽(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勭洰鐨�銆佽姹�锛屾湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)灞曟柟鍚戝強鍏�
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鍖栧(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)灞曟柟鍚戝強鍏舵湭渚�銆�
2銆佺兎鐑�
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鍙婅瑙ｆ柟寮�锛岀兇椤炲拰楣典唬鐑寸殑璩�(zh矛)璀�
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浜嗚В鏍哥鍏辨尟璀滅殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛涚悊瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)瀛愮殑灞忚斀鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ锛涗簡瑙ｈ嚜鏃嬪伓
鍚堝拰鑷棆瑁傚垎锛涙渻鏍规摎(j霉)绨″柈鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏍哥鍏辨尟璀滄彁渚涚殑淇℃伅锛屾帹娓叾绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛�
鐭ラ亾璩�(zh矛)璀滅殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛岃唱(zh矛)璀滄墍鑳芥彁渚涚殑淇℃伅锛孧S 涓殑 M+
鍙婅瑙ｆ柟寮�銆�
13銆佺磪澶栬垏绱鍏夎瓬
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
绱呭鍏夎瓬鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛屽奖闊跨磪澶栧惛鏀剁殑鍥犵礌锛岀传澶栧厜璀滅殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛屽奖闊跨传
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浜嗚В绱呭鍏夎瓬鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鐗瑰緛鍚告敹锛涙帉鎻″奖闊跨磪澶栧惛鏀剁殑鍥犵礌锛涗簡瑙ｇ传澶�
鍏夎瓬鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鐗瑰緛鍚告敹锛涙帉鎻″奖闊跨传澶栧惛鏀剁殑鍥犵礌銆�
14銆佺晶閰�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
缇ч吀鐨勫垎椤�锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛岀晶閰哥殑鍒舵硶锛岀晶閰哥殑鍛藉悕(IUPAC)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬�
璩�(zh矛)锛氶吀鎬�锛屽彇浠ｅ熀灏嶉吀鎬у奖闊�锛岀晶閰哥景鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屛憋紞H 楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
浜屽厓閰哥殑閰告€у強鐔卞垎瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傜晶閰哥殑鍒舵硶锛氭哀鍖栨硶锛岃厛鐨勬按瑙�锛岀敱鏍煎紡瑭﹀姂鍚堟垚
鍙婃补鑴傜殑姘磋В銆傞厷閰哥殑鍒跺倷锛�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В缇ч吀鐨勫垎椤�銆傜悊瑙ｇ晶鍩虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涚煡閬撶晶閰哥殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涙帉鎻＄晶閰哥殑鍛藉悕
(IUPAC)锛涙帉鎻＄晶閰哥殑閰告€у強褰遍熆閰告€х殑鍥犵礌锛涙帉鎻＄晶閰哥殑鍒舵硶锛涙帉鎻＄晶閰搁倓鍘�
鐐洪唶锛岃劔缇э紝伪锛岺 楣典唬绛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涙帉鎻′簩鍏冮吀鐨勯吀鎬у強鐔卞垎瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涗簡瑙ｉ厷閰哥殑
鍒跺倷锛涗簡瑙ｇ茎鍩洪吀鐨勫埗鍌欏強鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
15銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿
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缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽懡鍚嶏紝鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岄叝銆侀叞楣�銆侀吀閰�銆侀叞鑳哄拰鑵堢殑鍙栦唬鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婄浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖�锛岃Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗗拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€�銆傞叞姘€侀叝銆佽厛鑸囬噾灞│鍔戠殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
閰�銆侀叞楣点€侀叞鑳哄拰鑵堢殑閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞叝鐨勭啽娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涙帉鎻￠叝銆侀叞楣�銆侀吀閰�銆侀叞鑳哄拰鑵�
鐨勫彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婄浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖�锛涙帉鎻¤Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗗拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€�锛涙帉鎻￠叞姘€侀叝銆佽厛
鑸囬噾灞│鍔戠殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涙帉鎻￠叝銆侀叞楣�銆侀叞鑳哄拰鑵堢殑閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涗簡瑙ｉ叝鐨勭啽娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
16銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿娑夊強纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
?姘殑閰告€у拰浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)锛岄叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛屼箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰拰
涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍜屽叾瀹冮吀鎬у寲鍚堢墿鐨�?姘⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)
鍙婂湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В?姘殑閰告€у拰浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)锛涙帉鎻￠叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涙帉鎻′箼
閰颁箼閰镐箼閰拰涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍜屽叾瀹冮吀鎬у寲鍚堢墿鐨�?姘⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)
鍙婂湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涗箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰拰涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍜屽叾瀹冮吀鎬у寲鍚堢墿鐨�?姘�
纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紱鎺屾彙鍏嬭叇鏂囪搵鐖惧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀亥鍏嬬埦
鍔犳垚銆佺憺浣涢Μ鏂熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀仈(d谩)鐖炬．鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婃櫘鐖鹃噾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
17銆佽兒
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鑳虹殑鍒嗛锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岃兒鐨勫懡鍚�锛屼富瑕佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛岃兒鐨勫埗娉�锛岃兒鐨勫牽鎬у強褰遍熆鍫�
鎬х殑鍥犵礌銆傝兒鐨勫埗鍌欙細楣典唬鐑存皑瑙ｏ紝钃嬪竷鐟炵埦鍚堟垚锛岀鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘�锛岃厛鍙婂叾
浠栧惈姘寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘�锛岄湇澶浖閲嶆帓锛屽竷姝囩埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾浖灏艰ū鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傝兒鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�
鑳虹殑鐑峰熀鍖�锛屽竟搴曠敳鍩哄寲鍜岄湇澶浖娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽彅鑳烘哀鍖栧拰绉戞郸娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄叞鍖栧拰
纾�?锛涱嚞纾�?y墨ng)锛屼集銆佷徊銆佸彅鑳鸿垏 HNO2 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傜儻鑳虹殑鐢熸垚鍙婂叾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傝姵鑳虹挵(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)銆傞噸姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄噸姘菇锛岄噸姘敳鐑风殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
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鑳轰富瑕佺殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涙帉鎻¤兒鐨勫埗娉曪細楣典唬鐑存皑瑙ｏ紝钃嬪竷鐟炵埦鍚堟垚锛岀鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨�
閭勫師锛岃厛鍙婂叾浠栧惈姘寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘燂紝闇嶅か鏇奸噸鎺�锛屽竷姝囩埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾浖灏艰ū鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涙帉
鎻¤兒鐨勫牽鎬у強褰遍熆鍫挎€х殑鍥犵礌锛屼簡瑙ｆ媶鍒嗘墜鎬ц兒鐨勬柟娉�锛涚悊瑙ｈ兒鐨勭兎鍩哄寲锛屽竟搴�
鐢插熀鍖栧拰闇嶅か鏇兼秷鍘诲弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽彅鑳烘哀鍖栧拰绉戞郸娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�?锛涱嚡绐侀厠锛涱嚞纾�?y墨ng)锛涙帉鎻�
浼�銆佷徊銆佸彅鑳鸿垏 HNO2 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒�锛涙帉鎻¤姵鑳虹殑鐗规畩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涙帉鎻＄儻鑳虹殑鐢熸垚鍙婂叾
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涙帉鎻￠噸姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄噸姘菇銆�
18銆佸崝(xi茅)鍚屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)
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鍗�(xi茅)鍚屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛烇紝鍓嶇窔杌岄亾娉�锛岃粚閬撳皪绋辨€у畧鎭掑師鍓囷紝绔嬮珨閬告搰鎬х殑瑙ｉ噵銆�
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[3,3]閬风Щ銆�
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鍚屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂旈伕鎿囨€�锛涗簡瑙� 4n蟺 鍜� (4n+2)蟺 闆诲瓙楂旂郴鐨勯浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍖�锛涚悊瑙ｇ挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鐨勪竴鑸(gu墨)寰�锛涙矮鍜岀⒊鐨刐l,j]閬风Щ鍙奫3,3]閬风Щ銆�
19銆佺⒊姘村寲鍚堢墿
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纰虫按鍖栧悎鐗╃殑瀹氱京鍜屽垎椤�锛屽柈绯栫殑 D/L 妲�(g貌u)鍨�锛岃憽钀勭硸鍜屾灉绯栫殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃畩鏃�
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钀勭硸銆佹灉绯�銆佹牳绯�銆�2锛嶅幓姘ф牳绯�銆傝敆绯�銆侀亥鑺界硸銆佺簴缍簩绯栫殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婄⒑瀹氬叾妲�(g貌u)
鍨嬬殑瀵﹂鏍规摎(j霉)銆傛穩绮夌殑姘磋В鍜屽垎闆�锛岀洿閺堟穩绮夈€佹敮閺堟穩绮夌殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)锛岀硦绮剧殑
鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾穩绮夌殑鏀规€�銆傜簴缍礌鐨勪締婧�锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍔犲伐鏂规硶銆�
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浜嗚В纰虫按鍖栧悎鐗╃殑瀹氱京鍜屽垎椤�锛涗簡瑙ｅ柈绯栫殑 D/L 妲�(g貌u)鍨�锛涚悊瑙ｈ憽钀勭硸鍜屾灉绯�
鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃畩鏃嬪厜鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛涗簡瑙ｅ柈绯栫殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛欶ehling 瑭﹀姂锛孴ollens 瑭﹀姂锛屾捍姘达紝
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闄�锛涚悊瑙ｆ湀娈�锛岃嫹鐨勭敓鎴�锛涗簡瑙ｉ噸瑕佺殑鍠硸锛氳憽钀勭硸銆佹灉绯�銆佹牳绯�銆�2锛嶅幓姘ф牳绯�锛�
浜嗚В钄楃硸銆侀亥鑺界硸銆佺簴缍簩绯栫殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婄⒑瀹氬叾妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬殑瀵﹂鏍规摎(j霉)锛涚煡閬撴穩绮夌殑姘磋В
鍜屽垎闆紱鐭ラ亾鐩撮張娣€绮�銆佹敮閺堟穩绮夌殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)锛涚煡閬撶硦绮剧殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾穩绮夌殑
鏀规€�锛涚煡閬撶簴缍礌鐨勪締婧�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍔犲伐鏂规硶銆�
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鑳藉鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ互涓婂垎鏋愭柟娉曡В姹轰竴浜涘闅涘晱椤�銆�
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[1] 鐜嬬⿳婵�, 寮靛鐢�, 鐜嬫案姊�, 鑳￠潚鐪�, 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)锛堢浜岀増锛�, 鍗楅枊澶у(xu茅)鍑虹増
绀�, 2003.
[2] 姝︽饥澶у(xu茅)涓荤法, 鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)锛堢浜旂増锛�, 涓婂唺, 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 2006.
[3] 鏈辨槑鑿�, 鑳″潽, 鍎€鍣ㄥ垎鏋愶紙绗洓鐗堬級, 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�, 2008.
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛烇紝鑸囨湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬с€佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂�(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
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