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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│銆婂井姗�(j墨)鍘熺悊鑸囨帴鍙ｆ妧琛�(sh霉)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗
涓€銆佽€冩煡鐩(bi膩o)
鎺屾彙寰瀷瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)姗�(j墨)鐨勪富娴佹敮鎾愭妧琛�(sh霉)銆侀珨绯荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)浠ュ強杓稿叆杓稿嚭鎺ュ彛鐨勫伐浣滃師鐞�銆佺‖浠�
绯荤当(t菕ng)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涙帉鎻″井姗�(j墨)鎺ュ彛鐨勪竴鑸伐浣滃師鐞嗭紝灏ゅ叾瑕佹帉鎻″井姗�(j墨)鐨勯€氫俊鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽煿椁�(y菐ng)瀛�(xu茅)鐢熼枊鐧�(f膩)
閬�(y霉n)鐢�銆佺爺绌惰垏缍(h霉)瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭崹(d煤)绔嬪伐浣滆兘鍔�锛岀偤瀛�(xu茅)鐢熶粖鍚庡緸浜嬭▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯枊鐧�(f膩)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
濂犲畾鑹ソ鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)銆�
浜�銆佺煡璀�(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)瑙ｆ瀽
1. 寰瀷瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)姒傝堪
鎺屾彙缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)楂旂郴灏辨槸鐐轰簡瀹屾垚瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)涔嬮枔鐨勯€氫俊鍚堜綔锛屾妸姣忚嚭(t谩i)瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鐩搁€ｇ殑鍔熻兘鍔冨垎
鎴愭湁鏄庣⒑瀹氱京鐨勫堡娆★紝骞跺浐瀹氫簡鍚屽堡娆＄殑閫�(j矛n)绋嬮€氫俊鐨勫崝(xi茅)璀板強鐩搁劙涔嬮枔鐨勬帴鍙ｅ強鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆傞€�
鍊�(g猫)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)瑕佹眰鎴戝€戝皪(du矛)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勬蹇�銆佺祫鎴�銆佸垎椤�銆佺櫦(f膩)灞曢亷绋嬬瓑鍏�(n猫i)瀹硅鏈夋墍浜嗚В锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)閭勮
鐞嗚В缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍒嗗堡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)灞ゅ崝(xi茅)璀�銆佹帴鍙�銆佹湇鍕�(w霉)绛夋蹇�锛屾帉鎻� ISO/OSI 鍙冭€冩ā鍨嬪拰 TCP/IP
妯″瀷鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒ヨ垏鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆�
2. 80X86 寰檿鐞嗗櫒鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
寰瀷瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鐨勬牳蹇冮儴浠舵槸 CPU锛屽皪(du矛)瑭查儴鍒嗙殑鑰冩牳闈㈣純寤�銆傝閲嶉粸(di菐n)鎺屾彙 8086 鑺墖鐨�
绺界窔鎺ュ彛閮ㄤ欢鐨勭祫鎴�銆佺法绋嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸紩鑵充俊铏�(h脿o)銆佸伐浣滄ā寮忋€佹搷浣滃拰鏅�(sh铆)搴�銆佸瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣ㄧ法鍧€鍜�
I/O 绲勭箶銆�80386 鐨勯珨绯荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佷笁绋伐浣滄ā寮忋€佸瘎瀛樺櫒绲�銆佹祦姘寸窔鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆佺墖鍏�(n猫i)鍏╃礆(j铆)瀛樺劜(ch菙)
鍣ㄧ鐞嗭紞鍒嗘绠＄悊鍜屽垎闋�(y猫)绠＄悊銆�80386 鐨勪繚璀�(h霉)姗�(j墨)鍒跺拰 80386 鐨勪腑鏂锋妧琛�(sh霉)銆�
3. 80X86 鐨勬寚浠ょ郴绲�(t菕ng)鍜屽皨鍧€鏂瑰紡
鎺屾彙 80X86 鐨勫咕绋皨鍧€鏂瑰紡浠ュ強鎸囦护绯荤当(t菕ng)銆�
4. 鍖法瑾炶█绋嬪簭瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)
鍖法瑾炶█鏄竴绋潰鍚戞(j墨)鍣ㄧ殑绋嬪簭瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瑾炶█锛屾槸涓€绋敤绗﹁櫉(h脿o)琛ㄧず鐨勪綆绱�(j铆)绋嬪簭瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)瑾�
瑷€锛岃鎺屾彙鍖法瑾炶█绋嬪簭鐨勬牸寮忋€佹瀹氱京鍋芥搷浣�銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瀹氱京鍙婂瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣ㄥ垎閰嶅伣鎿嶄綔銆佹搷浣�
鏁�(sh霉)闋�(xi脿ng)涓〃閬�(d谩)寮忕殑绲勬垚鍙婇亱(y霉n)绠楁柟娉�銆傛帉鎻″咕绋▼搴忚ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勫熀鏈柟娉�銆�
5. 瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍣ㄥ拰楂橀€熺珐瀛樻妧琛�(sh霉)
瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍣ㄦ槸瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)纭欢绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯噸瑕佺祫鎴愰儴鍒�锛岃鎺屾彙寰(j墨)瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍣ㄧ殑鍩烘湰姒傛硜銆佸瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣�
鐨勫垎椤�銆佸収(n猫i)閮ㄥ瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣ㄧ殑绯荤当(t菕ng)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸嫊(d貌ng)銆侀潨鎱�(t脿i)璁€瀵瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣� RAM 鐨勫熀鏈瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍠厓鑸囪姱鐗囥€�
ROM 鍙婂叾鍩烘湰瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍠厓鑸囪姱鐗�锛涜兘澶犳寜瀵�(sh铆)闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑闇€瑕侊紝鐢变笉鍚岃(gu墨)鏍�銆侀鍨嬬殑瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍣�
鑺墖锛岄€氶亷鑸囩郴绲�(t菕ng)绺界窔鐨勯€ｆ帴锛屾(g貌u)鎴愬瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣ㄧ郴绲�(t菕ng)锛涙帉鎻� Cache 鐨勫熀鏈蹇佃垏浣滅敤銆丆ache
涓诲瓨瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍣ㄧ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)锛孋ache 鐨勫熀鏈搷浣�銆佸湴鍧€鏄犲儚鏂瑰紡銆佹浛鎻涚瓥鐣�锛涙帉鎻¤櫅鎿瓨
鍎�(ch菙)鍣ㄧ殑鍩烘湰姒傚康鍙婂(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鏂规硶銆�
6. 杓稿叆/杓稿嚭
瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鐨勫挤(qi谩ng)澶у姛鑳介兘鏄敱鎺ュ彛鑳藉姏鍜岃檿鐞嗗鐣屼俊鎭殑鑳藉姏楂旂従(xi脿n)鐨�锛屾帴鍙ｅ氨鏄井铏曠悊
鍣ㄨ垏澶栭儴瑷�(sh猫)鍌欑殑閫ｆ帴闆昏矾锛屾槸 CPU 鑸囧閮ㄨō(sh猫)鍌欓€�(j矛n)琛屼俊鎭氦鎻涚殑涓綁(zhu菐n)绔�銆傛帉鎻″井姗�(j墨)绯荤当(t菕ng)
涓绘(j墨)鑸囧閮ㄨō(sh猫)鍌欎箣闁撶殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌抽€�锛屽寘鎷� I/O 绔彛鐨勫皨鍧€鏂瑰紡銆佽几鍏�/杓稿嚭鐨勫偝閫佹帶鍒舵柟
寮忥紱DMA 鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛孌MA 鎺у埗鍣ㄨ姱鐗� 8237 鐨勬€ц兘姒傝堪锛屽収(n猫i)銆佸閮ㄧ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽伐浣滃懆鏈�锛�
宸ヤ綔鏂瑰紡锛岄€氶亾鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍏堢礆(j铆)鍙婃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几閫熺巼锛汥MA 鎺у埗鍣ㄨ姱鐗� 8237 鐨勫収(n猫i)閮ㄥ瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣紝绔�
鍙ｅ湴鍧€锛岀法绋嬭垏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
7. 涓柗鎶€琛�(sh霉)
鎺屾彙涓柗鐨勬蹇�锛屽寘鎷腑鏂锋簮銆佷腑鏂烽鍨嬨€佷腑鏂疯珛(q菒ng)姹�銆佷腑鏂烽熆鎳�(y墨ng)銆佷腑鏂峰劒(y艒u)鍏堢礆(j铆)鎺掗殜(du矛)
鏂规硶鍙婁腑鏂疯檿鐞嗙瓑锛涙帉鎻� 8086CPU 鐨勪腑鏂风ó椤�銆侀熆鎳�(y墨ng)閬庣▼銆佷腑鏂峰悜閲忚垏涓柗鍚戦噺鎸囬嚌銆�
涓柗鍚戦噺鐨勮鍏ョ瓑锛涙帉鎻′腑鏂疯檿鐞嗗櫒 8259A 鐨勫垵濮嬪寲銆佸伐浣滄柟寮忓強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
8. 鍙法绋嬫帴鍙ｈ姱鐗囧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�
鎺屾彙涓茶鎺ュ彛鍜屽苟琛屾帴鍙ｇ殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�锛屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)瀹氭檪(sh铆)鐨勪笁绋柟娉曪紝A/D 鍜� D/A 杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涚殑鍩烘湰
鍘熺悊鍜屾妧琛�(sh霉)鎸囨(bi膩o)锛�8255A 鑺墖鐨勫伐浣滄柟寮忓強鎺у埗瀛楃殑瑷�(sh猫)瀹氾紱8251A 鐨勫姛鑳藉強绶ㄧ▼锛�8254
鐨勫姛鑳藉強绶ㄧ▼銆�
9. 绺界窔
绺界窔鏄井鍨嬭▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)绯荤当(t菕ng)涓悇閮ㄤ欢浠ュ強绯荤当(t菕ng)涔嬮枔鍌抽仦淇℃伅鐨勫叕鍏遍€氶亾锛岃鎺屾彙绺界窔鐨�
姒傚康銆佸垎椤炪€佺附绶氭(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍌宠几鏂瑰紡绛�锛汸CI 绺界窔鍜� USB 绺界窔鐨勪俊铏�(h脿o)瀹氱京銆佸懡浠�銆�
鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆侀厤缃瓑锛汸C 绺界窔锛汻S-232 涓茶閫氫俊绺界窔鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
10. 浜烘(j墨)浜や簰鎺ュ彛
鎺屾彙閸电洡鎺ュ彛鍘熺悊銆佹帴鍙ｉ浕璺強涓柗瑾�(di脿o)鐢�锛涢紶妯�(bi膩o)宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊锛涢’绀哄櫒鎬ц兘鍙冩暩(sh霉)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鍙婂悇閮ㄥ垎鍔熻兘銆�
11. 涓绘(j墨)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽伐浣滃師鐞�
鎺屾彙 16 浣嶆(j墨)鐨勫熀鏈祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂悇閮ㄥ垎鐨勫姛鑳斤紱Pentium 姗�(j墨)绯荤当(t菕ng)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婁富姗�(j墨)鏉跨殑涓昏妲�(g貌u)
鎴�銆�
涓�銆佹暀鏉愰伕鎿�
銆婂井姗�(j墨)鍘熺悊鑸囨帴鍙ｆ妧琛�(sh霉)銆�(鏉庨暦(zh菐ng)闈掍富绶紝涓湅(gu贸)绀︽キ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鍑虹増绀惧嚭鐗�)鏄垜闄㈣€冪爺鏁欐潗銆�
鑰冭│鍒嗗€肩偤 100 鍒嗭紝鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撶偤 120 鍒嗛悩銆�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
