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娌冲崡鐞嗗伐澶у(xu茅) 2017 骞村叏鍦�(gu贸)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆�
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涓夈€佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹圭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鍩虹(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)锛堝熀鏈蹇�銆佸熀鏈悊璜�銆佸熀鏈弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛夌磩 60%
鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚 绱� 25%
姗�(j墨)鐞嗛 绱� 10%
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鍛藉悕鎴�?q奴)鎳(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忥紙15锝�20 鍒嗭級
閬告搰椤岋紙25锝�30 鍒嗭級
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姗�(j墨)鐞嗛锛�8锝�15 鍒嗭級
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浜�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
锛�銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅強鐗╂€�
锛�1锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣扮墿鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
锛�2锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忕殑鍚勭ó琛ㄧず鏂规硶
锛�3锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏅€氬懡鍚嶅強鍦�(gu贸)闅� IUPAC 鍛藉悕鍘熷墖鍜屼腑鍦�(gu贸)鍖栧(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)
鍛藉悕鍘熷墖鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
锛�4锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯�
2銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
锛�1锛夐噸瑕佸畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍏稿瀷鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婄浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鎻涚殑甯哥敤鏂规硶
閲嶈瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鐑风兇銆佺儻鐑�銆佺倲鐑�銆侀沟浠ｇ兇銆佽姵鐑�銆侀唶銆侀厷銆侀啔銆侀啗 閰�銆侀唽銆�
缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗�銆佽兒鍙婂叾浠栧惈姘寲鍚堢墿銆佺啊(ji菐n)鍠殑闆滅挵(hu谩n)楂旂郴
锛�2锛変富瑕佹湁姗�(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀噸鎺掑弽
鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸懆鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
3銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栧強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�
锛�1锛夎獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽秴鍏辫粵鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佺珛楂旀晥鎳�(y墨ng)
锛�2锛夌⒊姝ｉ洟瀛�銆佺⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佺⒊鑷敱鍩�銆佸崱璩�銆佽嫰鐐旂瓑娲绘€т腑闁撻珨
锛�3锛夊叡鎸珫绨�(ji菐n)浠嬨€佹湁姗�(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍕�(sh矛)鑳藉湒鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)姒傚康
锛�5锛夋湁姗�(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑琛ㄩ仈(d谩)
4銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚
锛�1锛夊畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)灏�(d菐o)鍏�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)鎻�銆佷繚璀�(h霉)銆�
锛�2锛夌⒊纰抽嵉褰㈡垚鍙婃柗瑁傜殑鍩烘湰鏂规硶
锛�3锛夐€嗗悜鍚堟垚鍒嗘瀽鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)鍙婂叾鍦ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
2
5銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑甯哥敤鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佺墿鐞嗛憭瀹氭柟娉�
锛�1锛夊父瑕嬪畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸寲瀛�(xu茅)閼掑垾鏂规硶
锛�2锛夊父瑕嬫湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏍哥鍏辨尟璀滐紙HNMR锛�, 绱呭鍏夎瓬(IR),绱鍏夎瓬(UV)鍜岃唱(zh矛)璀�(MS)鐨�
璀滃(xu茅)鐗瑰緛
锛�3锛夐亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ寲瀛�(xu茅)鏂规硶鍙婂洓璀滃皪(du矛)绨�(ji菐n)鍠湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╅€�(j矛n)琛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閼掑畾
6銆佸厓绱犳湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)
鏈夋(j墨)纭�锛岀７銆佺鍖栧悎鐗�
7銆佺⒊姘村寲鍚堢墿銆佹补鑴�銆佹皑鍩洪吀銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)銆佽悳椤�銆佺斁鏃忕瓑澶╃劧鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀敤閫�锛�
鍏�銆佽€冭│瑕佹眰锛堣姹傛帉鎻″拰浜嗚В鐨勫悇绔犲収(n猫i)瀹癸級
绗竴绔� 绶掕珫
浜嗚В鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╁拰鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勬兜缇┿€佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勯噸瑕佹€�銆佷竴鑸殑鐮旂┒鏂规硶鍙婂垎椤�
鎺屾彙浜嗚В鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃壒鎬�
1.1 浜嗚В姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑娑电京銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙婂叾鐧�(f膩)灞曠啊(ji菐n)鍙�銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勯噸瑕佹€�
1.2 鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩壒鎬�
1.2.1 鍏卞児(ji脿)閸电殑鏈唱(zh矛)锛堝児(ji脿)閸垫硶銆佸垎瀛愯粚閬撴硶銆侀畱鏋楀叡鎸珫绨�(ji菐n)浠嬶級
1.2.2 鍏卞児(ji脿)閸电殑鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛氶嵉闀�(zh菐ng)銆侀嵉瑙掋€侀嵉鑳�銆佸厓绱犵殑闆昏矤(f霉)鎬у拰閸电殑妤垫€�
1.2.3 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗规€э細鐗╃悊鐗规€с€佺珛楂旂暟妲�(g貌u)锛屽畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鐣版(g貌u)锛屽悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紙楂旓級锛屾(g貌u)
鍨嬭垏妲�(g貌u)璞�锛屽嚤搴�(k霉) Kekule鈥橝 鐨勫叐鍊�(g猫)鍩烘湰鍘熷墖銆�
1.2.4 鍏卞児(ji脿)閸垫柗瑁傛柟寮忓拰鏈夋(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)椤炲瀷
1.2.5 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閰稿牽姒傚康
1.3 浜嗚В鐮旂┒鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑涓€鑸柟娉�
1.4 浜嗚В鏈夊寲鍚堢墿鐨勫垎椤烇細鎸夌⒊鑳冲垎椤�锛屾寜瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍒嗛
绗簩绔� 鐑风兇鍜岃剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇
2.1 鎺屾彙鐑风兇鐨勫垎椤炪€佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸悓绯诲垪鍜屽悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紙纰冲師瀛愬拰姘師瀛愮殑椤炲瀷锛�銆佺暟
妲�(g貌u)銆佹(g貌u)璞″強妲�(g貌u)璞＄暟妲�(g貌u)楂�銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)璁婂寲瓒ㄥ嫝(sh矛)锛涗簡瑙ｇ敳鐑风殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氱⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫洓闈㈤珨姒傚康
SP
3
闆滃寲銆佄� 閸碉紙妲�(g貌u)鍨嬫蹇碉級锛涗簡瑙ｄ箼鐑�銆佷竵鐑风殑妲�(g貌u)璞″強鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)璁婇棞(gu膩n)绯�
2.2 浜嗚В鐑风兇鐨勯噸瑕佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛氱啍榛�(di菐n)銆佹哺榛�(di菐n)銆佸瘑搴�銆佹憾瑙ｅ害銆佹姌鍏夌巼銆�
鎺屾彙鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)灏�(du矛)鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊�锛涚┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆侀沟浠�銆佹哀鍖栵紙瀹屽叏姘у寲鍜屾帶鍒舵哀鍖栵級銆�
瑁傚寲鍜岃瑙�銆佺暟妲�(g貌u)鍖栫瓑銆�
2.3 鐞嗚В鐑风兇鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐢茬兎鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼銆佹父闆㈠熀銆侀€ｉ帠鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽兘閲忔洸绶氥€侀亷娓＄媭鎱�(t脿i)銆佹父闆�
鍩虹殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫彇鍚戯細鑷敱鍩哄彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺⒊鑷敱鍩哄舰鎴愬強鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆� 閺堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫紩
鐧�(f膩)鑸囩祩姝�
2.4 浜嗚В鐑风兇鐨勪締婧愬強鍒跺倷
2.5 浜嗚В鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鍛藉悕鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婄挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎宸ユキ(y猫)渚嗘簮锛涙帉鎻″皬鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勫嫉鍔涘強绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€с€佹寮�/鑸瑰紡妲�(g貌u)鍨�銆�
鍙栦唬鐠�(hu谩n)宸茬兎鍜屽崄姘寲钀樼殑鐨勬(g貌u)璞★細鑸瑰紡銆佹寮�銆乤 閸�銆乪 閸�銆�
绗笁绔� 鐑�
鎺屾彙鍠儻鐑寸殑閲嶈鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰�
鎺屾彙鍠儻鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
3.1 鐔熸倝鐑殑鍛藉悕銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺暟妲�(g貌u)楂�銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
3.1.1 鐞嗚В鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) SP
2
闆滃寲銆佅€ 閸�
3.1.2 鎺屾彙鐑兇鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)楂斿拰鍛藉悕锛氱⒊鑳崇暟妲�(g貌u)銆佷綅缃暟妲�(g貌u)銆侀爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曪紙鐑�
鍩虹殑鍛藉悕锛�銆侀爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鍛藉悕銆侀爢/鍙嶃€乑/E
3.1.3 浜嗚В鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
3.2 鐑殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
3
鎺屾彙瑕浕鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆佹捍閹撻洟瀛�銆佽Κ闆昏│鍔�銆佺⒊姝ｉ洟瀛愬強鍏剁┅(w臎n)瀹氭€с€侀Μ姘忚(gu墨)鍓�銆佽獦灏�(d菐o)
鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屾父姝峰熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆侀亷姘у寲鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮В閲嬮Μ鐖惧彲灏煎彲澶(gu墨)鍓�銆佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓殑纰�
姝ｉ洟瀛�銆佺⒊姝ｉ洟瀛愮殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婃€ц唱(zh矛)銆佷簩鐑殑 1锛�4 鍔犳垚 Diels-Alder[2+4]鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
3.2.1 鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬偓鍖栧姞姘�銆佽垏涔欑〖鐑风殑鍔犳垚銆佸姞 X2 銆佽垏閰哥殑鍔犳垚銆愬姞 HX銆乕棣皬
锛圡arkovnikow锛夎(gu墨)鍓�銆侀亷姘у寲鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)]銆佸姞 H2SO4銆侀吀鍌寲鍔� H2O銆佽垏鏈夋(j墨)閰搁唶
閰氬姞鎴�銆佸姞 HOCl銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚銆�
3.2.2 鑸囧崱璩撶殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佺儻鐑寸殑闋嗗弽鐣版(g貌u)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
3.2.3 姘у寲锛氱挵(hu谩n)姘у寲銆侀珮閷抽吀閴€姘у寲鍜岃嚟姘у寲
3.2.4 伪 鈥�?d煤)婀擃厫鎷ユ煚u浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)
3.2.6 浜嗚В鑱氬悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
3.3 鐑殑渚嗘簮鍜屽埗鍌�
鎺屾彙閱囩殑鑴按銆侀沟浠ｇ兇鑴沟鍖栨矮銆侀劙浜岄沟浠ｇ兎鑴沟绱�
鎺屾彙涔欑儻銆佷笝鐑殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婂埗鍌欐柟娉�銆佷富瑕佺敤閫�
浜嗚В鐭虫补鐨勮瑙ｅ拰鐔辫姘ｇ殑鍒嗛洟
浜嗚В閲嶈鐨勭儻鐑达細涔欑儻銆佷笝鐑�
绗洓绔� 鐐旂兇鍜屽叡杌涗簩鐑兇
4.1 鎺屾彙鐐旂兇銆佷簩鐑兇鐨勫垎椤�銆佸懡鍚�锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
4.2 鎺屾彙鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇鐨勯噸瑕佺墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬬倲鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬姞鎴愩€佹哀鍖栧強鏈 H 鐨勬椿
鎬�
4.2.1 鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬偓鍖栧姞姘�銆佷箼纭肩兎銆佸姞 X2銆佸姞 HX銆佸姞 H2O銆丠CN銆丠OCl锛涜垏鍚€滄椿
鎬ф矮鈥濈殑鏈夋(j墨)鐗╃殑瑕牳鍔犳垚锛涜垏鍫块噾灞紙K,Na,Li锛夊強娑叉皑閭勫師鍔犳垚锛涚倲鐑村拰鐑兇
鍔犲弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€х殑姣旇純
4.2.2 鑱氬悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堜簩鑱�銆佷笁鑱氾級
4.2.3 姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
4.2.4 鐐旈嵉纰充笂鐨勬矮鍘熷瓙鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岄憭瀹氾細寮遍吀鎬с€侀噾灞倲鍖栫墿鍙婄兇鍖栵紙纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙锛�
4.3 浜嗚В鐐旂殑鍒跺倷涔欑倲鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸埗鍌欐柟娉曞強鐢ㄩ€�
4.4 浜嗚В鐐旂兇鑸囩儻鐑寸殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€у崁(q奴)鍒�
4.5 鎺屾彙鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸壒鍒ユ槸 1锛�3鈥斾竵浜岀儻鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婄敤閫�
4.4.1 鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�銆佸叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勫垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氶洟鍩熼嵉銆侀洟鍩熻兘銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)
4.4.2 鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鐗规€э細鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�1锛�2 鍜� 1锛�4鈥斿姞鎴愶級銆佺媱鑰虫柉鈥旈樋鐖惧痉锛圖ieis
锛岮lder锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)
4.4.3 閲嶈鐨勪簩鐑兇锛氫竵浜岀儻鍜岀暟鎴婁簩鐑締婧愯垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
绗簲绔� 鑻強鑺抽鐑�
鎺屾彙鑺抽鐑撮鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍛藉悕鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰垾鏄嫰鐨勭壒鎬у強鑺抽鎬�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鎺屾彙鑺崇兇椤炲寲鍚堢墿鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)锛氳嫰鍙婂悓鍒嗙墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬨€佸彇浠ｆ晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮В閲�锛�
骞惰兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓�銆�
浜嗚В鑻�銆佺敳鑻�銆佽悩鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婇噸瑕佺敤閫�锛屼簡瑙ｅ鐠�(hu谩n)鑺抽鍖栧悎鐗╁拰闈炶嫰鑺抽楂旂郴
5.1 鑺抽鐑�
5.1.1 鐔熸倝鑻殑鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氬嚤搴�(k霉)鍕掞紙Kekule锛夊紡銆佸垎瀛愯粚閬撴硶銆佸叡鎸珫绨�(ji菐n)浠嬶紝鑺抽鎬цВ閲�
5.1.2 浜嗚В鍠挵(hu谩n)鑺抽鐑寸殑鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞″拰鍛藉悕
5.1.3 鎺屾彙鑻強鍏跺悓绯荤墿鐨勭墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
5.1.1.1 鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶沟浠�銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�銆佸倕鈥斿厠锛團ridel-Crafts锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜嫰鐠�(hu谩n)瑕浕鍙�
浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛埼� 鈥旂怠(lu貌)鍚堢墿锛�锛涜嫰鐠�(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬶紙鐞嗚珫瑙ｉ噵鍜屽悎鎴愪笂
鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢級瓒呭叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
4
5.1.1.2 楣电礌锛圕l锛夌敳鍩哄寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng),鍔犵壒鏇�(Gatterman)-绉戣但(Koch)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
5.1.1.3 浼锛圔irch锛夐倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)
5.1.1.4 姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氳嫰鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲銆佸伌(c猫)閺堟哀鍖�
5.1.1.5 閲嶈鐨勫柈鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇锛氳嫰銆佺敳鑻€佷簩鐢茶嫰銆佽嫰涔欑儻
5.2 澶氱挵(hu谩n)鍙婄鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇
5.2.1 浜嗚В涓夎嫰鐢插熀鍖栧悎鐗╁強鍏堕洟瀛愬拰鑷敱鍩虹殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛岃伅(li谩n)鑻壒鎬у強鍚堟垚
5.2.2 鎺屾彙钀橈細 绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
5.2.3 浜嗚В钂藉拰鑿诧細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)锛�9銆�10 浣嶇殑娲绘綉鎬э級
5.2.4 浜嗚В鍏朵粬绋犵挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇锛堣嚧鐧岀兇锛�
5.3 浜嗚В鑺抽鐑寸殑渚嗘簮锛氱叅鐒︽补鐨勫垎闆�銆佺煶娌圭殑鑺虫(g貌u)鍖栧拰閲嶆暣
鐭虫补锛氱煶娌圭殑鎴愬洜銆佺祫鎴愬拰鍒嗛锛涚煶娌圭殑鐓夊埗鍜岀煶娌瑰姞宸�
锛�1锛� 鐭虫补鐨勪竴娆″姞宸ワ細甯搞€佹笡澹撹捀椁�
锛�2锛� 鐭虫补鐨勪簩娆″姞宸ワ細瑁傝В鍜岄噸鏁�
姹芥补鍜屾煷娌癸細杈涚兎鍊�銆佹姉鐖嗗姂銆佸崄鍏兎鍊�
5.4 涓€鑸簡瑙ｉ潪鑻姵鐑达細浼戝厠鑰筹紙Huckel锛夎(gu墨)鍓囧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€佷簩鑼傞惖
绗叚绔� 楣靛寲鐑�
浜嗚В楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
鎺屾彙楣典唬鐑寸殑鍛藉悕鍙婇噸瑕佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鎺屾彙骞剧ó閲嶈鐨勯沟浠ｇ兇鍒跺倷鏂规硶,浜嗚В鍏舵€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
6.1 楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍙婂懡鍚嶃€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)
6.2 楣典唬鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
6.2.1 鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)楣典唬鐑寸殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬彇浠ｃ€佹秷闄�銆侀倓鍘�
6.2.2.1 鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭按瑙�銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙�銆佽垏纭濋吀閵€鍙婃鞍鍖栭垑鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)
6.2.2.2 娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭湱渚濆垏澶紙Saytzeff锛夎(gu墨)鍓�
6.2.2.3 鑸囬噾灞弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氭牸姘忥紙Grignard锛夎│鍔�銆佹湁姗�(j墨)閶拌│鍔戙€佹鎱堬紙Wurtz锛夊弽
鎳�(y墨ng)锛堟湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗╃殑姒傚康锛�
6.2.2 鎺屾彙椋藉拰纰冲師瀛愪笂鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)
6.2.2.1 鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯洟瀛愭(j墨)鐞� SN1銆丼N2; 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞� E1銆丒2
6.2.2.2 瑕牳鍙栦唬鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)
6.2.2.3 鐑村熀绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆侀洟鍘诲熀鍦�(tu谩n)灏�(du矛)瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熷害鐨勫奖闊�
6.2.2.4 绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紙鑴傝偑鐑磋垏鑺抽鐑村皪(du矛)姣�,浼徊鍙斿皪(du矛)姣旓級
6.3 鎺屾彙涓€鑸沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫埗娉曪細鐢辩兇鍒跺倷銆佺敱閱囧埗鍌欍€侀沟浠ｇ兇鐨勪簰鎻�
6.4 浜嗚В閲嶈楣典唬鐑达細姘箼鐑�銆佹隘鑻€佹隘鑺愩€佷笁姘敳鐑�銆佸洓姘寲纰炽€佹盁閲屾槀銆佸洓姘熶箼鐑�.
绗竷绔� 閱�銆侀厷鍜岄啔
鐔熸倝閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)锛堝畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鐣版(g貌u)锛夊拰鍏夎瓬鐗规€�
鎺屾彙閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶細姘嵉鈥旈唶鑸囬啔灏�(du矛)姣旈唶鑸囩殑閰氱殑閰告€у皪(du矛)姣�锛�
閱囩殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀啔鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺浠垮弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄唶鐨勯憭鍒ワ細Lucas 瑭﹀姂鍜岄壔閰愮～閰告按娉�
浜嗚В閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔涓噸瑕佺殑鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸悎鎴愭柟娉曞強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
7.1 閱�
7.1.1 閱囩殑鐗╃悊鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鐔熸倝鎺屾彙鍏跺寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳垏娲绘綉閲戝爆鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃垏楣靛寲纾凤紙鎴栦簽纭叞姘級鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃垏鐒℃(j墨)
閰革紙姘沟閰搞€佺～閰�銆佺閰革級閰版隘鍜岄吀閰愮瓑鐨勬垚閰弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾哀鍖栧拰鑴矮鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
鐩搁劙浜岄唶鐗规湁鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng) Cu(OH)2銆丠IO4銆佸彛鐗囧惗閲嶆帓銆佺茎鍩鸿缃彌鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥劙鍩哄弮鑸囨晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
7.1.2 鎺屾彙娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼
5
a)銆佄� 鈥旀秷鍘诲弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼ E1銆丒2锛� 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫彇鍚戯細鏈緷鍒囧か瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑瑙ｉ噵锛�
鑸囪Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)
b)銆佄� 鈥旀秷鍘诲弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬崱璩撶殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)
7.1.3 鎺屾彙閱囩殑鍒舵硶锛氶沟浠ｇ兇姘磋В锛岄啗銆侀叜鐨勯倓鍘�锛岀敱鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂鍚堟垚锛岀儻鐑寸殑缇ユ睘鍖�銆�
7.1.4 浜嗚В閲嶈鐨勯唶锛氱敳閱�銆佷箼閱囥€佷笁鍗佺兎閱�銆佽嫰鐢查唶銆佷箼浜岄唶銆佷笝涓夐唶锛堢敇娌圭殑鍖栧(xu茅)寮忥級銆�
鑲岄唶
7.2 閰�
7.2.1 鎺屾彙閰氱殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐗╃悊銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)
锛�1锛� 閰氱茎鍩虹殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬急閰告€�銆侀厷閱氱殑鐢熸垚銆侀’鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛團eCl3锛�
锛�2锛� 鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
7.2.2 浜嗚В閲嶈鐨勯厷: 鑻厷锛堢暟涓欒嫰姘у寲鍒跺倷鍜岀敤閫旓級銆佺敳鑻厷銆佽嫰浜岄厷銆佽悩閰�
7.3 閱�
7.3.1 鎺屾彙閱氱殑鍒舵硶锛� 閱囩殑鑴按锛屽▉寤夊閬滐紙Williamson锛�
7.3.2 鎺屾彙閱氱殑鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶菇鐨勭敓鎴愩€侀啔閸电殑鏂疯銆侀亷姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚
7.3.3 浜嗚В骞剧ó閲嶈鐨勯啔鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢細涔欓啔銆佷簩鑻啔锛堝偝鐔辫級楂旓級銆佺挵(hu谩n)姘т箼鐑�銆佸啝閱氾紙鐩�
杞�(zhu菐n)绉诲偓鍖栵級
绗叓绔� 閱�銆侀叜椤炵景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿
鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婄暟妲�(g貌u)銆佺墿鎬у強鍏夎瓬鐗规€�
鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜椤炵景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰�
鐔熸倝閲嶈閱�銆侀叜鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸悎鎴愭柟娉曞拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
8.1 閱�銆侀叜椤炵景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
8.1.1 鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻¤垏鍚哀銆佸惈纭�銆佸惈纰�銆佸惈姘Κ鏍歌│鍔戠殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽姞鎴愨€�
娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽奖闊跨景鍩烘椿鎬х殑鍥犵礌锛氬姞 HCN銆丯aHSO3銆丷SH銆丷MgX銆丷OH銆�
H2O锛岃垏鏈夋(j墨)鑳哄強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勫姞鎴愮府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃垏姘ㄥ強琛嶇敓鐗┿€�
8.1.2 伪 鈥�?d煤)婀擃厫鎷ュ纾�?y墨ng)锛氶沟浠ｏ紙楣典豢鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�銆佺茎閱涚府鍚�
8.1.3 鎺屾彙鍏舵哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)
a),姘у寲锛涙墭鍊紙Tollens锛夎│鍔戙€佽不(f猫i)鏋楋紙Fehling锛夎│鍔�銆佸挤(qi谩ng)姘у寲鍔�
b),閭勫師锛欻2, LiAlH4,NaBH4,B2H6,Me2CHOAl,Zn/Hg/H+,NH2NH2/KOH 绛夐倓鍘熸垚閱�
锛堥洐鍒嗗瓙閭勫師锛�銆侀倓鍘熸垚鐑�銆佸厠閲岄杸閬滐紙Clemmensen锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹鐖惧か鈥斺€旈枊姝囩磵
锛圵ollf-Kishner锛夆€旈粌槌撮緧鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
c),姝у寲锛氬悍灏兼煡缇咃紙Cannizzaro锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
8.1.4 浜嗚В閱涚殑鑷韩鍔犳垚绺拰
8.1.5 浜嗚В閱涚殑椤壊鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬笇澶紙Schiff锛夎│椹�(y脿n)
8.2 鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜鐨勫埗娉曪細閱囩殑姘у寲銆佺兇鐨勬哀鍖�锛屽仌浜岄沟浠ｇ墿鐨勬按瑙�锛屽倕鈥斿厠?锛涱姮顕；?y墨ng)锛� 鐐�
鐑寸殑缇板熀鍖�锛岀晶閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勯倓鍘�銆�
8.3 鐔熸倝閲嶈鐨勯啗銆侀叜锛氱敳閱�銆佷箼閱涳紙涔欑儻姘у寲鍚堟垚涔欓啗锛変笁姘箼閱�銆佽嫰鐢查啗锛堝畨鎭绺悎锛�銆�
涓欓叜銆佷竵浜岄叜锛堥幊瑭﹀姂锛�銆佺挵(hu谩n)宸遍叜[璨濆厠鏇硷紙Bechmann锛塢閲嶆帓
8.4 浜嗚В涔欑儻閰�锛岄唽绛変笉椋藉拰缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗�锛岀啛鎮壩� 锛屛� 鈥斾笉椋藉拰閱涢叜鐨勭壒鎬э細1锛�4鈥斿姞鎴�銆�
鎻掔儻瑕�(gu墨)寰�銆�
绗節绔� 缇ч吀鍙婄晶閰歌鐢熺墿
浜嗚В缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�
鎺屾彙缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑閲嶈鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鐔熸倝鎺屾彙涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鍜屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰湪鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
6
9.1 缇ч吀鐨勫懡鍚�銆佺墿鎬у強鍏夎瓬鐗规€�
9.2 鐔熸倝缇ч吀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囬吀鎬э紙瑾樺皫(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂牬(ch菐ng)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊匡級
9.3 鐔熸倝缇ч吀鐨勫埗鍌欙細鐢辩兇銆佷集閱囨垨閱涚殑姘у寲銆佺敱閰埗鍌欍€佺敱鑵堟按瑙ｅ強閲戝爆鏈夋(j墨)瑭﹀姂鍚�
鎴愬鏍煎紡瑭﹀姂鍒跺倷
9.4 鎺屾彙缇ч吀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)
閰告€х晶鍩轰腑姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝彇浠ｅ熀灏�(du矛)閰告€х殑褰遍熆銆佽獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛�銆佸舰鎴愰吀楣�銆侀叝銆侀叞鑳恒€�
鑴晶銆佄� 鈥擧 鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀倓鍘燂紙琚矮鍖栭媮閶伴倓鍘燂級銆侀叝鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞嗙晶鍩轰腑鐨勭晶鍩虹殑
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥叝鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬绋嬶細闂℃槑姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑鍚屼綅绱犳硶锛�
9.5 浜嗚В閲嶈鐨勭晶閰革細鐢查吀銆佷箼閰搞€佷笝鐑吀銆佽嫰鐢查吀銆佽悩涔欓吀銆�
浜嗚В閲嶈浜屽厓缇ч吀鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氫箼浜岄吀銆佸繁浜岄吀銆佺櫢浜岄吀銆佷竵鐑簩閰�銆佽嫰浜岀敳閰�
9.6 鐔熸倝缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╅叞楣点€侀叝銆侀叞鑳�銆佹湀闈掔殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)姣旇純銆佺墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸弽
鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽埗鍌�锛涙帉鎻＄晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栵細瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝姞鎴愨€旀秷鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
姝风▼锛�銆佹按瑙ｃ€侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙ｉ叝鐨勬按瑙ｅ強姝风▼锛涜垏閲戝爆瑭﹀姂鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涚晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勯倓鍘燂紱
閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢叞姘ㄧ殑鑴按鍜岄湇澶浖锛圚offfmann锛夐檷瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
9.7 鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻′箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰拰涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鐨勫埗鍌欒垏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
a),涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝锛氬埗鍌�銆佷簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
b),涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
c),纰抽吀鍙婅鐢熺墿锛氬厜姘�銆佸翱绱�銆佹皑鍩虹敳閰搁叝
9.8 涔欑儻閰�
9.10 鐔熸倝鍙栦唬缇ч吀锛堝楣典唬閰�銆佺茎閰�銆侀叜閰革級鐨勫悎鎴愯垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屼簡瑙ｅ鍏冪晶閰哥殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
9.11 浜嗚В鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╄垏妞嶇墿鑴傝偑鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒ワ細娌硅剛銆佽牊鍙婂悎鎴愭礂婊屽姂鍘绘薄鍘熺悊
鐗瑰垾鏄补鑴傜殑绲勬垚鑸囩祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婃€ц唱(zh矛)锛氱殏鍖�銆佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹补鑴傞吀?銆傘剫宥傛媴鈹栭€忓皻?br/>绗崄绔� 鑳哄強鍏朵粬鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�
鎺屾彙鑳洪鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪拰閲嶈鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
鎺屾彙纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶅拰閲嶈鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
10.1 鑳虹殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗╂€у拰鍏夎瓬鐗瑰緛
10.2 鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻¤兒鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鐗╃悊鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
10.2.1 鑳虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽牽鎬э紙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佹墜鎬с€佸牽鎬у強褰遍熆鍫挎€уぇ灏忕殑鍥犵礌锛�
10.2.2 鎴愰菇銆佸洓绱�(j铆)閵ㄩ菇鐨勫舰鎴�銆佺壒榛�(di菐n)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢紙寰瑰簳鐢插熀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸洓绱�(j铆)閵ㄥ牽鐨勫舰鎴�锛岀浉杞�(zhu菐n)
绉诲偓鍖栧姂锛�銆丠ofmann 娑堥櫎锛堣(gu墨)寰嬨€佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭級
10.2.3 ?锛涱姮顕橀槀闃达紱?銆侀叞楣点€侀吀閰�銆佽嫰纾洪叞姘紙鑸堟柉鍫� Hinsberg 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
10.2.4 鑳虹殑姘у寲鍜� Cope 娑堥櫎锛堥爢鍨嬫秷闄わ級
10.2.5 鑳鸿垏浜炵閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥噸姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃拏鑺瓙涓€鎹峰鎻�(y谩ng)璜惧か鐨勭挵(hu谩n)鎿�(ku貌)澶ч噸鎺掑弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
10.2.6 鑳虹殑鐗规畩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭槗姘у寲銆佽嫰鐠�(hu谩n)涓婃槗鍙栦唬锛� Mannich 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
10.3 鐔熸倝鎺屾彙鑳虹殑鍒跺倷锛氭皑鎴栬兒鐨勭兇鍩哄寲銆佽姵楣电殑姘ㄨВ锛堣嫰鐐旓級; 钃嬪竷鐟炵埦锛圙abriei锛夊悎
鎴愭硶锛岀敤閱囧埗鍌�锛屽惈姘寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘�:纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師, 鑵�銆侀叞鑳�銆佽偀鐨勯倓鍘�, 閱�銆�
閰殑閭勫師鑳哄寲(濡傚妷鍗＄壒鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽焹鏂煁鍕掍竴鍏嬫媺鍏嬪弽鎳�(y墨ng)); 寰炵晶閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿鍒跺倷( 闇嶅か
鏇奸噸鎺�銆佸厠鐖炬彁鏂噸鎺�銆佹柦瀵嗙壒閲嶆帓)
10.4 浜嗚В閲嶈鐨勮兒锛氳嫰鑳恒€佷簩鐢茶兒銆佷箼浜岃兒锛圗DTA锛夈€佸繁浜岃兒銆佸悇绋儻鑳哄寲鍚堢墿銆�
10.5 鎺屾彙閲嶆爱鍜屽伓姘寲鍚堢墿锛氶噸姘敳鐑峰強鍗¤硴銆佹爱鐑�銆佺枈姘寲鐗╃殑鍒跺倷銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)
10.5.1 閲嶆爱楣界殑鍒舵硶
10.5.2 閲嶆爱楣界殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬幓姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堣鈥擧銆丱H銆佲€擷銆佲€擟N 鍙栦唬锛�銆佺暀姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝伓鍚堝拰
閭勫師锛�
7
10.5.3 浜嗚В鏌撴枡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀敤閫旓細鍖栧悎鐗╅鑹插拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紙鐢熻壊鍩哄拰鍔╄壊鍩猴級銆�
鏌撴枡鐨勫垎椤炲強鍋舵爱鏌撴枡鍜屾寚绀哄姂锛堢敳鍩烘銆佸墰鏋滅磪锛�
10.6 纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗�
10.6.1 浜嗚В鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�
10.6.2 鎺屾彙鍏舵€ц唱(zh矛)锛氱鍩哄皪(du矛)伪 鈥�?d煤)婀擃厫鎷ユ尃缁婃噣蓱銉楀労鎮�?g貌u)锛夐倓鍘熴€佺鍩哄皪(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｅ熀
鐨勫奖闊�
10.6.3 鐔熸倝閲嶈鐨勭鍩哄寲鍚堢墿锛氱鍩鸿嫰銆佽嫤鍛抽吀銆乀NT
10.7 鑵堝拰鐣拌厛锛氬垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹按瑙ｅ拰閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
10.8 鎺屾彙鍚爱鑺抽鍖栧悎鐗╃殑浠ヤ笅鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
10.8.1 鑺抽纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺墿鐞嗘€у埗鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬у埗
10.8.2 鑺宠兒鐨勫埗鍌欏拰鑺宠兒鐨勭壒鎬�
10.8.3 鑻倲鐨勫埗鍌欏拰鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
10.8.4 鑺宠兒鐨勯噸姘菇鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
绗崄涓€绔� 鍚～銆佺７銆佺鍖栧悎鐗�
鐔熸倝鍚～鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屼簡瑙ｅ叾鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鐔熸倝鏈夋(j墨)纾峰寲鍚堢墿鐨勫垎椤炪€佸懡鍚嶄互鍙婃湁姗�(j墨)纾疯静(n贸ng)钘ョ殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佹€ц兘鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢�
浜嗚В鍚鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
11.1 纭€佺７鍏冪礌鍘熷瓙鐨勯浕瀛愭(g貌u)鍨嬪拰鎴愰嵉鐗瑰緛
11.2 鐔熸倝鍚～鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷鍜屽懡鍚嶅強鍜屽悎鎴愯垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
纭唶鍜岀～閰�銆佺～閱�銆佷簽鐮滃拰鐮溿€佺：閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿锛堢：鑳鸿棩鐗�銆佺硸绮撅級
11.3 鍚７鍖栧悎鐗�
鎺屾彙閲嶈鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬舰鎴愬纾烽菇鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺董鐙勫笇锛圵ittig锛夎│鍔戝強鍏跺弽鎳�(y墨ng)
11.4 浜嗚В鏈夋(j墨)杈�(n贸ng)钘ュ垎椤�銆佽静(n贸ng)钘ョ殑鍔戝瀷銆佽棩鏁堝拰闃茶(h霉)銆佹湁姗�(j墨)纾疯静(n贸ng)钘ュ強鍏朵粬
11.5 浜嗚В甯歌楣典唬纭呯兎鍙婄閱�銆佺姘х兎鐨勫悎鎴愬強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�
绗崄浜岀珷 绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堢啛鎮夊拰鎺屾彙澶ч儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹癸級
12.1 閱�銆侀啗鍨嬬府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氭豢灏艰但涓€鑳虹敳鍩哄寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀亥鍏嬬埦鍔犳垚銆侀璩撻仠澧炵挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
12.2 閰殑?锛涱姮顕；?y墨ng)锛氶叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝厠钀婃．绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹贩鍚堥叝绺悎銆佸垎瀛愬収(n猫i)鐨勯叝
绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堢媱鍏嬫浖绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�銆佺敤閰版隘鎴栭吀閰愰€�(j矛n)琛岄叞鍩哄寲
12.3 閰殑鐑峰熀鍖�銆侀叞鍩哄寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佺稉(j墨ng)鐑兒鐑峰熀鍖栨垨閰板熀鍖�
12.4 尾 -浜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭壒鎬у強鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢細尾 -浜岀晶鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭壒鎬� 銆佷笝浜岄吀閰悎鎴�
娉�銆佷箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰悎鎴愭硶銆�1.3-浜岀晶鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勎� -鐑峰熀鍖栧拰纬 -?锛涱姮?銆侀叝绺悎鐨勯€�
鍚戝弽鎳�(y墨ng)
12.5 榄忔倢閷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婇瓘鎮岄尗涓€闇嶇磵鐖惧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氫紛鍒╁痉鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺７浼婂埄寰风殑鍒跺倷銆侀瓘鎮岄尗鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
榄忔倢閷竴闇嶇磵鐖惧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺～浼婂埄寰�
12.6 鑺抽啗鑸囬吀閰愯Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氳挷鐖鹃噾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸厠鑵︽枃鏍煎弽鎳�(y墨ng)
12.7 閱�銆侀叜鑸� 伪锛嶉沟浠ｇ晶閰搁叝鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶仈(d谩)鍙冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)
12.8 鑻敳閱涚殑姘伴洟瀛愶紙CN-锛夊偓鍖栦笅锛氬畨鎭绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸畨鎭閰搁噸鎺�
12.9 鍚堟垚鍓栨瀽锛氳ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓€鍊�(g猫)鍚堟垚鐨勪緥琛岀▼搴忥蓟璀�(sh铆)鍒ュ畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)锛屽垏鏂凤紙骞惧ぇ椤炴湁姗�(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽咕绋吀鍨�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫垏鏂凤級锛屽師鏂欑殑閬告搰锛屽悎鎴愭椹熺殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)锛岄伕鎿囨€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婁繚璀�(h霉)鍩虹殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛岀珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)
鎺у埗锛�
绗崄涓夌珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
浜嗚В甯歌闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚嶆柟娉�
鐔熸倝闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鑺抽鎬у拰鍚爱闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閰稿牽鎬�
8
鎺屾彙鍛嬪杻銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍜瓑鐨勫悎鎴愬強鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堣Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶級
浜嗚В鍚″暥銆佸柟鍟夌瓑鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰�
13.1 鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚嶏紙闊宠娉曪級
13.2 鐔熸倝浜斿厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鍛嬪杻銆佸悺鍜�銆佸櫥鍚┿€佺碃閱涚殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽埗鍌欏強绨�(ji菐n)鍠弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼簡瑙�
鍏惰鐢熺墿鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛圴B1銆侀潚闇夌礌绛夛級锛屼簡瑙ｅ崯鍟夎鐢熺墿锛氳绱呯礌銆佽憠缍犵礌銆乂B12銆�
13.3 浜嗚В鍏厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
13.3.1 鍚″暥鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂悺鍟惰鐢熺墿锛氱厵閰�銆乂B6銆佺暟鐓欒偧
13.3.2 鍢у暥鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╋細灏垮槯鍟�銆佽優鍢у暥銆佽兏鑵哄槯鍟�
13.4 涓€鑸簡瑙ｇ闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鍚插摎鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗�銆佸柟鍟夊強鍏惰鐢熺墿锛堟柉鍏嬪ェ娴� Skraup 鍚堟垚娉曪級銆�
绗崄鍥涚珷 纰虫按鍖栧悎鐗╋紙绯栵級
浜嗚В纰虫按鍖栧悎鐗╋紙绯栵級鐨勬兜缇┿€佸垎椤�銆佸瓨鍦�
鎺屾彙 D鈥旂郴鍒楀柈绯栫殑閲嶈鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鐔熸倝鍠硸鐨勭挵(hu谩n)鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岄張鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)浠ュ強宸悜鐣板寲浣滅敤鍜岃畩鏃嬪師鐞�
浜嗚В骞剧ó纰虫按鍖栧悎鐗╋紙钁¤悇绯�銆佹灉绯�銆佽敆绯栦互鍙婃穩绮夈€佺簴缍礌锛夌殑閲嶈鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀敤閫�
14.1 鐔熸倝鍠硸绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
14.1.1 鍠硸鐨勭⒊鏋剁祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u): 鍠硸鐨勬(g貌u)閫犲紡鐨勭⒑瀹�銆佺珛楂旀(g貌u)鍨�銆佺挵(hu谩n)鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)[鍝堟鏂紙Haworth锛�
閫忚寮忋€佹(g貌u)璞″紡]
14.1.2 鍠硸鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛氱硸閰哥殑宸悜鐣版(g貌u)鍖�銆佹哀鍖栬垏閭勫師锛堝悙鍊拰鑿叉灄瑭﹀姂锛屾捍姘存垨闆昏В姘�
鍖�锛岀閰告哀鍖�锛屽偓鍖栨矮鍖�锛岄垑姹為倓鍘燂級銆佹垚鑴庡弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹垚鑻峰弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸柈绯栫殑閬為檷锛圧uff
闄嶈В锛學ohl 闄嶈В锛�銆佺硸鑴庤垏绯栬厵銆�
14.1.3 閲嶈鐨勫柈绯栵細钁¤悇绯�銆佹灉绯栥€佸崐涔崇硸銆佹牳绯栥€佽劔姘ф牳绯�
14.1.4 璁婃棆鍏夊強姘х挵(hu谩n)鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹�
14.2 浜嗚В闆欑硸锛� 閭勫師鎬ч洐绯栵細楹ヨ娊绯�銆佺簴缍簩绯�銆佷钩绯�锛涢潪閭勫師鎬ч洐绯栵細钄楃硸锛堢祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) 娓�(c猫)瀹氾級
14.3 浜嗚В澶氱硸锛� 娣€绮夛紙鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)锛夈€佺簴缍礌锛堢祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽埄鐢細閫犵礄銆佷汉閫犵簴缍€佺晶鐢�
鍩虹簴缍礌锛�銆佸崐绾栫董绱�銆佸彸鏃嬬硸閰�
涓冦€佸弮鑰冨湒鏇�
962銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬶紙绗洓鐗堬級楂橀椿璩� 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜�(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
