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锛�3锛夋帉鎻￠浕鍫�銆侀浕鍫村挤搴︾殑姒傚康鍙婂牬鐨勭枈鍔犲師鐞嗭紝鎺屾彙闆婚€氶噺鐨勬蹇靛拰瑷�
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锛�6锛夋帉鎻″皫(d菐o)楂旈潨闆诲钩琛＄殑姊濅欢鍙婂钩琛℃檪灏�(d菐o)楂旂殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻″皫(d菐o)楂旈潨闆诲钩琛℃檪
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锛�7锛夋帉鎻″皝闁夊皫(d菐o)楂旀鍏�(n猫i)銆佸鐨勯浕鍫寸殑鐗归粸锛岀悊瑙ｉ潨闆诲睆钄界殑鍘熺悊鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
锛�8锛夌悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙闆诲鍣ㄧ殑姒傚康鍙婇浕瀹圭殑瑷堢畻锛屾帉鎻￠浕瀹瑰櫒鑱�(li谩n)鎺ョ殑鍩烘湰鏂规硶
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锛�9锛夋帉鎻″付闆婚珨绯荤殑闈滈浕鑳界殑姒傚康鍜屽付闆诲皫(d菐o)楂�銆侀浕瀹瑰櫒鐨勯潨闆昏兘鐨勮▓绠�锛�
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鍒嗘尟骞呰杽鑶滃共娑� 椤嶅绋嬪樊 绛夊偩骞叉秹鐨勫師鐞嗗強鍏跺共娑夎姳妯� 绛夊帤骞叉秹鐨勫師
鐞嗗強鍏跺共娑夎姳妯� 钖勮啘骞叉秹鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
閭佸厠鑰冲骞叉秹鍎€ 鍘熺悊 骞叉秹鑺辨ǎ 鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
鐗涢爴鐠�(hu谩n) 鍘熺悊 骞叉秹鑺辨ǎ 鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
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锛�2锛夌悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙鍏夋尝鐨勭浉骞叉浠躲€佸崐娉㈡悕澶卞拰椤嶅绋嬪樊鐨勬蹇�
锛�3锛夌悊瑙ｆ姘忛洐绺共娑夊師鐞�锛岀悊瑙ｇ浉浣嶅拰鍏夌▼宸殑姒傚康鍙婂叾涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝鎺�
鎻℃绱嬮枔璺濈殑瑷堢畻鍏紡
锛�4锛夌悊瑙ｈ杽鑶滃共娑夛紙绛夊偩鍜岀瓑鍘氬共娑夛級鐨勫師鐞嗗強鍏跺共娑夎姳妯�锛屾帉鎻″厜绋嬪樊鐨�
瑷堢畻鍏紡銆�
锛�5锛変簡瑙ｈ杽鑶滃共娑夌殑涓€浜涙噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
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锛�7锛変簡瑙ｇ墰闋撶挵(hu谩n)鐨勫師鐞嗗拰骞叉秹鑺辨ǎ銆�
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鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
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鑰冭│瑕佹眰
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锛�2锛夋帉鎻″湏瀛旇灏勪腑娉㈠付鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮▓绠楀叕寮�銆�
锛�3锛夌悊瑙ｇ洿绶氬偝鎾拰琛嶅皠鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒ワ紝鐞嗚В骞叉秹鍜岃灏勭殑鑱�(li谩n)绯诲拰鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆�
锛�4锛夋帉鎻″柈绺灏勭殑妤靛皬浣嶇疆鍏紡锛屾帉鎻″湏瀛旇灏勭殑绗竴妤靛皬浣嶇疆鍏紡銆�
锛�5锛夋帉鎻″厜鏌垫柟绋�銆佺己绱�锛屽埄鐢ㄥ厜鏌垫柟绋嬫眰鐧藉厜鍏ュ皠鐨勮灏勮姳妯ｄ腑涓嶅悓娉�
闀峰皪鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勪綅缃紝鎴栧睆涓婄殑鍏ㄩ儴姊濈磱鏁�(sh霉)鐩�銆�
3銆佸厜鐨勫亸鎸�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鍏夌殑浜旂ó鍋忔尟鐙€鎱�(t脿i) 鑷劧鍏� 绶氬亸鎸厜 閮ㄥ垎鍋忔尟鍏� 姗㈠湏鍋忔尟鍏� 鍦撳亸鎸厜
鍋忔尟鐗� 棣憘鏂畾寰� 娑堝厜鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
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娉㈡櫠鐗� 鍗婃尝鐗� 鍥涘垎涔嬩竴娉㈢墖
鍋忔尟鍏夌殑妾㈠畾 鍋忔尟鍏夌殑骞叉秹 椤壊鍋忔尟
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
锛�1锛変簡瑙ｆ鍦撳亸鎸厜鍜屽湏鍋忔尟鍏�锛岀悊瑙ｈ嚜鐒跺厜銆佺窔鍋忔尟鍏変互鍙婇儴鍒嗗亸鎸厜
涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
锛�2锛夋帉鎻″苟鑳界啛绶撮亱鐢ㄩΜ鍛傛柉瀹氬緥鍜屽竷鍎掓柉鐗瑰畾寰�銆�
锛�3锛夌悊瑙ｅ厜杌搞€佷富鎴潰鐨勬蹇�锛岀悊瑙� o 鍏夊拰 e 鍏夌殑鐗规€�锛岀悊瑙ｅ叐鍊嬩富鎶樺皠
鐜�锛屾帉鎻″亸鎸湒锛堝厜鐨勬尟鍕曞垎瑙ｅ湒锛夌殑鐣硶銆�
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锛堜笁锛夊師瀛愮墿鐞嗗(xu茅)
1銆佸師瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸師瀛愮殑鑳界礆鍜岃蓟灏�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
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寮忕祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)妯″瀷 ? 绮掑瓙鏁ｅ皠瀵﹂ 澶ц鏁ｅ皠
姘師瀛愬厜璀� 閲屽痉鍫℃柟绋� 璩存浖绯� 宸寸埦鏈郴 姘師瀛愮幓鐖剧悊璜� 鐜荤埦鐞嗚珫鐨�
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鐖剧殑灏嶆噳(y墨ng)鍘熺悊
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
锛�1锛変簡瑙ｅ師瀛愮殑璩�(zh矛)閲�锛屾帉鎻′竴鍊嬪師瀛愯唱(zh矛)閲忓柈浣�锛屼簡瑙ｅ師瀛愮殑澶у皬锛岀悊瑙ｇ洤鐟�
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锛�2锛夌悊瑙ｆ矮鍘熷瓙鍏夎瓬鐨勯噷寰峰牎鏂圭▼锛屾帉鎻¤炒鏇肩郴鍜屽反鐖炬湯绯荤殑鍏夎瓬鍏紡锛屽苟
鑳界敤鍏紡姹傚厜娉㈤暦銆�
锛�3锛夌悊瑙ｇ幓鐖剧殑涓夊€嬪亣瑷�(sh猫)锛屾帉鎻℃矮鍘熷瓙婵€鐧�(f膩)鑳�銆侀浕闆㈣兘鐨勮▓绠楁柟娉曪紝鏈冪暙鑳�
绱氬湒銆�
锛�4锛夌悊瑙ｉ姘洟瀛愮殑鍏夎瓬鏂圭▼锛屾帉鎻￠噷寰峰牎甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勪慨姝ｅ叕寮�銆�
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绌洪枔鍙栧悜閲忓瓙鍖栫殑姒傚康锛屼簡瑙ｇ幓鐖剧殑灏嶆噳(y墨ng)鍘熺悊銆�
2銆佸牽閲戝爆鍘熷瓙銆佸闆诲瓙鍘熷瓙
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
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瀛愭暩(sh霉) s 闆诲瓙鐨勮嚜鏃嬭鍕曢噺鍙婂皪澶栧牬鐨勬姇褰� 闆诲瓙鐨勮嚜鏃嬬鐭╁強灏嶅鍫寸殑鎶曞奖
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瑙掑嫊閲忚垏杌岄亾瑙掑嫊閲忕殑鑰﹀悎 闆诲瓙鑷棆鑸囪粚閬撻亱鍕曠殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤鍙婄敱姝ょ敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑闄勫姞
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鑰冭│瑕佹眰
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j锛屼簡瑙ｅ牽閲戝爆鍘熷瓙鍏夎瓬鐨勭簿绱扮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
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绱氬湒銆�
锛�3锛変簡瑙ｉ浕瀛愯嚜鏃嬭垏杌岄亾閬嬪嫊鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢ㄥ強鐢辨鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑闄勫姞鑳�锛屼簡瑙ｅ柈闆�
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锛�4锛夌悊瑙ｆ唉鍘熷瓙鍙婄浜屾棌鍏冪礌鐨勫柈閲嶈兘绱氳垏涓夐噸鑳界礆姘﹀師瀛愬強绗簩鏃忓厓绱�
鐨勫柈閲嶈兘绱氳垏涓夐噸鑳界礆锛屾帉鎻″€嬭鍕曢噺鑰﹀悎鐨勬櫘閬嶈(gu墨)鍓�锛屾帉鎻� L-S 鑰﹀悎妯″瀷骞惰兘
姹傚嚭闆诲瓙绲勬厠(t脿i)鐨勫師瀛愭厠(t脿i)锛岀悊瑙ｆ椽寰峰畾鍓� 浜嗚В J-J 鑰﹀悎妯″瀷鍙婂叾閬╃敤鑼冨湇 鏈冪暙鐩�
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鍓�銆�
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鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
闆诲瓙鐨勮嚜鏃嬬鐭╁拰杌岄亾纾佺煩 鍘熷瓙鐨勬湁鏁堢鐭╄垏绺借鍕曢噺涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
鏈楀痉鍥犲瓙 g 纾佸牬灏嶅師瀛愮殑褰遍熆 鎷夎帿鐖鹃€插嫊 鍙茬壒鎭┾€旇搵鎷夎但瀵﹂ 闋嗙鍘熷瓙
闋嗙鍏辨尟 鍘熷瓙鑳界礆鍦ㄧ鍫翠腑鐨勫垎瑁� 濉炴浖鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛堣瓬绶氬湪纾佸牬涓垎瑁傜殑鐝�(xi脿n)璞★級
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鎶楃鎬� 鎶楃鍘熷瓙
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
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[1] 姊佺嚘褰瓑.闆荤瀛�(xu茅)锛堢浜岀増锛�. 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�锛�2004.
[2] 濮氬暉鍧�. 鍏夊(xu茅)锛堢鍥涚増锛�. 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀撅紝2012.
[3] 璜稿湥楹�. 鍘熷瓙鐗╃悊瀛�(xu茅). 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�锛�2012.
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛烇紝鑸囨湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂�(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
