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绗竷绔� 楣典唬鐑�
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2銆侀唶鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛� O锛岺 閸电殑鏂疯锛堥吀鎬э級锛孋锛峅 閸电殑鏂疯锛堣Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾垚閱�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾垚閰弽鎳�(y墨ng)绛夛級锛屾哀鍖栧拰鑴矮鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
3銆佷簩鍏冮唶鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶珮纰橀吀鎴栧洓閱嬮吀閴涙哀鍖�锛岄牷鍝唶閲嶆帓锛�
4銆侀唶鐨勫埗鍌�锛�
5銆侀厷鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
6銆侀啔鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬牽鎬�锛岄啔閸电殑鏂疯锛岃嚜鍕�(d貌ng)姘у寲锛�
7銆侀啔鐨勫埗鍌欙細閱囧垎瀛愰枔鑴按锛屽▉寤夊閬滃悎鎴愭硶锛�
8銆佺挵(hu谩n)姘у寲鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶吀銆佸牽姊濅欢涓嬮枊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勬柟鍚戞€у拰绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細閱囬厷閱氱殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂悇鑷殑鍒跺倷鏂规硶銆�
绗節绔� 閱涘拰閰�
1銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕锛�
2銆侀啗銆侀叜鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氱景鍩轰笂鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堣垏 HCN銆丯aHSO3銆丷OH銆丠2O銆佽垏閲戝爆
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍔犳垚銆佽垏鑳哄強姘ㄧ殑琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍔犳垚锛�锛浳扁€旀椿娼戞矮鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傦紙鐑村熀鐨勯沟浠�銆侀沟浠�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佺茎閱涚府鍚�銆佹浖灏煎笇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�锛�
3銆佹哀鍖栧拰閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岋紙Tollens 瑭﹀姂锛孎(xi脿n)ehling 瑭﹀姂锛�锛岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝偓鍖栧姞姘�锛岀敤閲戝爆
姘у寲鐗╅倓鍘�锛孋lemmenson 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�锛孋annizzaro 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
4銆佺董姊笇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸畨鎭绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
5銆佄�锛屛测€斾笉椋藉拰閱涢叜鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝姞鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂銆丠CN銆侀亥鍏嬬埦鍔犳垚锛夛紱
6銆佽Κ鏍稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛氾紙绨″柈鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽姞鎴愨€旀秷鍘诲弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛岀景鍩哄姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛
楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛�锛�
7銆侀啗閰殑鍒跺倷锛氾紙閱囩殑姘у寲鎴栬劔姘紝鐐旂兇鐨勬按鍚�锛屽悓纰充簩楣电兇姘磋В锛孎(xi脿n)riedel鈥擟rafts
閰板寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細閱涢叜鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍒跺倷鏂规硶锛岄啗閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗崄绔� 缇ч吀鍜屽彇浠ｇ晶閰�
1銆佺晶閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕锛�
2銆佺晶閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囬吀鎬э細閲嶉粸(di菐n)浠嬬垂闆诲瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)灏嶉吀鎬х殑褰遍熆锛�
3銆佺晶閰哥殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶噸榛�(di菐n)浠嬬垂缇ч吀杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栫偤缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
4銆佺晶閰哥殑鍒跺倷锛氫粙绱圭晶閰哥殑鍚勭ó鍒跺倷鏂规硶锛�
5銆佸彇浠ｇ晶閰革細閲嶉粸(di菐n)浠嬬垂楣典唬缇ч吀鍜岀茎鍩虹晶閰哥殑鍖栧(xu茅)鐗规€у拰鍒跺倷鏂规硶銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細闆诲瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)灏嶉吀鎬х殑褰遍熆锛岀晶閰稿強鍙栦唬缇ч吀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄涓€绔� 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗�
1銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�锛�
2銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
锛�1锛夎Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氭按瑙�銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
锛�2锛夎垏鏈夋(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氳垏鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂鍜岀兇鍩洪妳閶拌│鍔戠殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
锛�3锛夐倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶噾灞矮瑭﹀姂閭勫師銆丷osenmund 閭勫師銆丅ouveult-Blanc 閭勫師绛�锛�
锛�4锛夐叞鑳虹殑鐗规€э細閰稿牽鎬с€丠ofmann 闄嶈В绛�锛�
3銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉�锛�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄浜岀珷 纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)
1銆侀叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬厠钀婃．绺悎鍙婂叾姝风▼銆佷氦鍙夐叝绺悎銆丏ieckmann 绺悎绛�锛�
2銆佷箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰垏涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍦ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
3銆侀倎鍏嬬埦鍔犳垚銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鐩搁棞(gu膩n)纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄涓夌珷 鏈夋(j墨)鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�
1銆佺鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
2銆佽兒椤炲寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕锛�
3銆佽兒鐨勫埗鍌�锛�
4銆佽兒鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氳兒鐨勫牽鎬у強褰遍熆鑳虹殑鍫挎€х殑鍥犵礌锛涚兇鍩哄寲銆�?锛涱姮顕辩泿閰�锛�?锛涜垏浜�
纭濋吀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涜姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑楣典唬銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�锛涜姵鑳鸿垏閱涢叜鐨勭府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
5銆侀噸姘寲鍚堢墿鍜屽伓姘寲鍚堢墿
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锛�2锛夎姵棣欓噸姘菇鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氳楣电礌銆佹鞍鍩恒€佺鍩�銆佹矮鍘熷瓙鐨勫彇浠�锛涢倓鍘熴€佸伓鍚堜互鍙婂湪鏈�
姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
6銆佸閵ㄩ菇鍜屽閵ㄥ牽锛氬閵ㄩ菇鐨勫懡鍚�銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涘閵ㄥ牽鐨勫埗鍌�銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)(Hofmann 娑堥櫎)銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細姘ㄧ殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鑸囧埗鍌欐柟娉�銆�
绗崄鍥涚珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
1銆侀洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�
2銆佸叚鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
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锛�2锛夊柟鍟夊拰鐣板柟鍟夛細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涘悎鎴�
3銆佷簲鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鍚″挴銆佸憢鍠�銆佸櫥鍚╋細闆诲瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婅姵棣欐€э紱鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鍩烘湰闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍛藉悕銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
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鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎
绗簩绔� 瑾ゅ樊鍜屽垎鏋愭暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铏曠悊
1銆佽垏瑾ゅ樊鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勫熀鏈蹇碉細婧�(zh菙n)纰哄害鑸囪宸�锛岀簿瀵嗗害鑸囧亸宸�锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)瑾ゅ樊鑸囧伓鐒惰宸�锛涙彁
楂樺垎鏋愮祼(ji茅)鏋滄簴(zh菙n)纰哄害鐨勬柟娉�銆�
2銆佹湁鏁堟暩(sh霉)瀛楀強鍏堕亱(y霉n)绠楁硶鍓�銆�
3銆佸熀鏈当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)姒傚康锛氬伓鐒惰宸殑姝ｆ厠(t脿i)鍒嗗竷鍜� t 鍒嗗竷锛屽钩鍧囧€肩殑绮惧瘑搴﹀拰缃俊鍗€(q奴)闁�锛岄’钁�
鎬ф椹�(y脿n)锛屽彲鐤戞暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勫彇鑸�锛岀浉闂�(gu膩n)鑸囧洖姝搞€�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細绮惧瘑搴﹁垏鍋忓樊锛屾湁鏁堟暩(sh霉)瀛楀強鍏堕亱(y霉n)绠楁硶鍓囥€�
绗笁绔� 婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曟璜�
1銆佹淮瀹氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)蹇呴爤鍏峰倷鐨勬浠讹紱
2銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鍙婂叾婵冨害琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛�
3銆佹淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶涓殑鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
4銆佸悇椤炴淮瀹氬垎鏋愭柟娉曠殑鍩烘湰姒傚康鍜屽熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楋紙婊村畾鍒嗘瀽鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆佹淮瀹氭洸绶�銆佹寚绀哄姂銆�
婊村畾瑾ゅ樊鍜屾灄閭﹁宸▓(j矛)绠楀叕寮�銆佹淮瀹氬垎鏋愪腑鐨勮▓(j矛)閲忛棞(gu膩n)绯�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勬績搴﹀拰婊村畾搴︽湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勮▓(j矛)
绠�銆佸緟娓墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勮唱(zh矛)閲忓拰璩�(zh矛)閲忓垎?j菒n)?sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋級锛�
5銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鍜屽熀婧�(zh菙n)鐗╄唱(zh矛)銆�
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绗洓绔� 閰稿牽婊村畾娉�
1銆佹按婧舵恫涓急閰稿悇鍨嬮珨鐨勫垎甯冨拰鍒嗗竷绯绘暩(sh霉)锛涘悇绋鍨嬫憾娑� pH 鍊肩殑瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱
2銆侀吀鍫挎寚绀哄姂鐨勮畩鑹插師鐞�锛涙寚绀哄姂鐨勮畩鑹茶寖鍦嶅強鍏跺奖闊垮洜绱狅紱鎸囩ず鍔戠殑閬告搰鍘熷墖锛�
3銆佸挤(qi谩ng)閰革紙鍫匡級銆佷竴鍏冨急閰革紙鍫匡級銆佸鍏冮吀锛堝牽锛夌殑婊村畾鏇茬窔鐗瑰緛锛屽強褰遍熆婊村畾绐佽簫鑼�
鍦嶇殑鍥犵礌锛涗竴鍏冨急閰革紙鍫匡級銆佸鍏冮吀锛堝牽锛夎兘鍚︽簴(zh菙n)纰烘淮瀹氬彲琛屾€х殑鍒ゆ柗锛涘挤(qi谩ng)閰革紙鍫匡級銆佷竴鍏�
寮遍吀锛堝牽锛夋淮瀹氱祩榛�(di菐n)瑾ゅ樊鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涢吀鍫挎(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯厤鍒惰垏妯�(bi膩o)瀹�锛涚洿鎺ユ垨闁撴帴娓畾鍘熺悊鍙婃脯瀹�
绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
4銆侀潪姘存憾娑蹭腑閰稿牽婊村畾娉曞熀鏈師鐞�锛涙憾鍔戠殑鍒嗛锛屾憾鍔戠殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堥洟瑙ｆ€�銆侀吀鍫挎€с€佹サ
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閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細
1銆佹寚绀哄姂鐨勯伕鎿囧師鍓�锛�
2銆佸挤(qi谩ng)閰革紙鍫匡級銆佷竴鍏冨急閰革紙鍫匡級銆佸鍏冮吀锛堝牽锛夌殑婊村畾銆�
绗簲绔� 閰嶄綅婊村畾娉�
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2銆侀浕浣嶆淮瀹氭硶鍘熺悊鍜岀壒榛�(di菐n)锛岀⒑瀹氱祩榛�(di菐n)鐨勬柟娉�锛�
3銆佹案鍋滄淮瀹氭硶鐨勫師鐞嗐€両-V 婊村畾鏇茬窔銆�
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2銆佹湕浼紞姣旂埦瀹氬緥锛涘亸闆㈡瘮鐖惧畾寰嬬殑鍥犵礌锛涢€忓厜鐜囩殑娓噺瑾ゅ樊锛�
3銆佺传澶栵紞鍙鍒嗗厜鍏夊害瑷�(j矛)涓昏閮ㄤ欢锛涘垎鍏夊厜搴﹁▓(j矛)鐨勯鍨�锛�
4銆佸畾鎬ч憭鍒�锛岀磾搴︽鏌ワ紝闆滆唱(zh矛)闄愰噺妾㈡煡锛涘柈绲勫垎瀹氶噺銆佸绲勫垎瀹氶噺锛涚传澶栧惛鏀跺厜璀滄硶
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2銆佸惛鏀跺嘲浣嶇疆鍙婂挤(qi谩ng)搴�锛涚壒寰佸嘲鑸囩浉闂�(gu膩n)宄�锛�
3銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍏稿瀷绱呭鍏夎瓬锛�
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3銆佸師瀛愬惛鏀跺垎鍏夊厜搴﹁▓(j矛)鐨勫熀鏈祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂悇閮ㄤ欢鐨勪綔鐢紱
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绗崄浜旂珷 璩�(zh矛)璀滄硶
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2銆佽壊璀滈亷绋�锛涜壊璀滄祦鍑烘洸绶氬拰鏈夐棞(gu膩n)姒傚康锛堜繚鐣欏€�銆佸嘲楂樺拰宄伴潰绌�銆佸崁(q奴)鍩�?q奴)鎸�?銆佸垎闆㈠害锛�锛�
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2銆佹埃鐩歌壊璀滃浐瀹氱浉銆佹祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐩稿拰妾㈡脯鍣�锛岃壊璀滄浠剁殑閬告搰锛�
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3銆佸叏鎺冩弿妯″紡銆佺附闆㈠瓙娴佽壊璀滃湒銆佽唱(zh矛)閲忚壊璀滃湒銆佽壊璀�-璩�(zh矛)璀滀笁缍瓬鍜岃唱(zh矛)璀�锛�
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钘ョ悊瀛�(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎
绗竴绔� 绶� 瑷€
1銆佹帉鎻¤棩鐞嗗(xu茅)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屼换鍕�(w霉), 钘ョ悊瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒鍦ㄦ柊钘ョ爺绌朵腑鐨勪綔鐢�;
2銆佺啛鎮夋柊钘ョ殑钘ョ悊瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰拰鏂拌棩鐮旂┒鐨勫熀鏈▼搴�;
3銆佷簡瑙ｈ棩鐞嗗(xu茅)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曞彶鍜岃棩鐞嗗(xu茅)鐨勫垎鏀(xu茅)绉�銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙钘ョ悊瀛�(xu茅)姒傚康銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀爺绌跺収(n猫i)瀹�銆�
绗簩绔� 钘ョ墿灏嶆(j墨)楂旂殑浣滅敤锛嶈棩鏁堝(xu茅)
1銆佹帉鎻¤棩鐞嗗(xu茅)涓熀鏈蹇靛拰琛�(sh霉)瑾�, 钘ョ墿浣滅敤鐨勫叐閲嶆€с€侀噺鏁堥棞(gu膩n)绯�銆佸彈楂旇垏閰嶉珨鐨勬蹇碉紝
鍙楅珨椤炲瀷;
2銆佺啛鎮夎棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鍒�锛岃棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧ殑鍩烘湰琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)銆佷綔鐢ㄦ柟寮忓拰钘ョ墿浣滅敤鐨勯伕鎿囨€�;
3銆佺啛鎮夊彈楂旂殑瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鍜屽彈楂斿(xu茅)瑾€�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細 鎺屾彙钘ョ墿浣滅敤鐗规€у拰鍙楅珨椤炲瀷鍙婅棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄦ柟寮�銆�
绗笁绔� 姗�(j墨)楂斿皪钘ョ墿鐨勪綔鐢紞钘ュ嫊(d貌ng)瀛�(xu茅)
1銆佹帉鎻¤棩鐗╀唬璎濆嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈(gu墨)寰�锛屽悇绋熀鏈弮鏁�(sh霉)鍙婂叾姒傚康;
2銆佺啛鎮夎棩鐗╃殑楂斿収(n猫i)閬庣▼鍙婂叾褰遍熆鍥犵礌;
3銆佷簡瑙ｆ埧瀹ゆā鍨嬪拰钘ョ墿杞�(zhu菐n)閬�(y霉n)鐨勯€熺巼閬庣▼銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙钘ョ墿浠ｈ瑵鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鍙冩暩(sh霉)鍙婅棩鐗╃殑楂斿収(n猫i)閬庣▼銆�
绗洓绔� 褰遍熆钘ユ晥鐨勫洜绱�
1銆佹帉鎻″悎鐞嗙敤钘ョ殑鍩烘湰鍘熷墖锛�
2銆佺啛鎮変笉鍚岀郸钘ラ€斿緫鍜岃伅(li谩n)鍚堢敤钘ュ皪钘ョ墿浣滅敤鐨勫奖闊�锛�
3銆佷簡瑙ｅ奖闊胯棩鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫悇绋洜绱�銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙钘ョ墿鍚堢悊鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鍘熷墖鍙婂奖闊胯棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄧ殑鍥犵礌銆�
绗簲绔� 鎶楄弻鐢熺墿钘ョ墿姒傝珫
1銆佹帉鎻℃姉鑿岃棩鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆佹姉鑿岃棩鐗╀綔鐢ㄥ師鐞嗗強绱�(x矛)鑿岃€愯棩鎬х敘(ch菐n)鐢熸(j墨)鍒�锛�
2銆佺啛鎮夋姉鑿岃棩鍚堢悊浣跨敤鍘熷墖锛�
3銆佷簡瑙ｈ棩鐗┿€佹(j墨)楂旇垏鐥呭師楂斾笁鑰呴枔鐨勭浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細 鎺屾彙鎶楃梾鍘熷井鐢熺墿钘ョ墿鐨勪富瑕佷綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒�銆佺窗(x矛)鑿岃€愯棩鐨勬(j墨)鍒朵互鍙婇亱(y霉n)鐢� PK/PD
鍘熺悊鎸囧皫(d菐o)鑷ㄥ簥鐢ㄨ棩鐨勫師鍓�銆�
绗叚绔� 尾-鍏�(n猫i)閰拌兒椤炴姉鐢熺礌
1銆佹帉鎻� 尾-鍏�(n猫i)閰拌兒椤炴姉鐢熺礌鐨勬姉鑿屾(j墨)鍒�锛屽奖闊挎姉鑿屼綔鐢ㄧ殑鍥犵礌浠ュ強绱�(x矛)鑿岃€愯棩鐨勬(j墨)鍒�锛�
2銆佹帉鎻￠潚闇夌礌鑸囧崐鍚堟垚闈掗湁绱犵殑鎶楄弻璀�銆佽嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾闃叉不;
3銆佺啛鎮夐牠瀛㈣弻绱犵殑鐧�(f膩)灞曟娉佸強鍚勪唬钘ョ墿鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛�
4銆佺啛鎮夐潪鍏稿瀷 尾-閰拌兒椤炴姉鐢熺礌鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細 鎺屾彙闈掗湁绱犻銆侀牠瀛㈣弻绱犻鍜岄潪鍏稿瀷 尾-閰拌兒椤炴姉鐢熺礌钘ョ墿鐨勬姉鑿屼綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)
鍜屼綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒朵互鍙婄窗(x矛)鑿岃€愯棩鐨勬(j墨)鍒�銆�
绗竷绔� 澶х挵(hu谩n)鍏�(n猫i)閰, 鏋楀彲闇夌礌椤炲強澶氳偨椤炴姉鐢熺礌
1銆佹帉鎻″ぇ鐠�(hu谩n)鍏�(n猫i)閰鎶楃敓绱犵殑鍏辨€у拰椤炲瀷锛�
2銆佹帉鎻″ぇ鐠�(hu谩n)鍏�(n猫i)閰鎶楃敓绱犵殑鎶楄弻璀滃強浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鍒讹紱
3銆佺啛鎮夊ぇ鐠�(hu谩n)鍏�(n猫i)閰銆佹灄鍙湁绱犻鍙婅惉鍙ら湁绱犵殑鎶楄弻鐗归粸(di菐n)锛岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ垏涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
鍏�(n猫i)瀹归噸榛�(di菐n)锛� 鎺屾彙澶х挵(hu谩n)鍏�(n猫i)閰鎶楃敓绱犵殑鎶楄弻璀�銆佷綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒跺拰浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)锛涚啛鎮夎惉鍙ら湁绱犵殑
鎶楄弻浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婁富瑕佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
绗叓绔� 姘ㄥ熀绯栬嫹椤炴姉鐢熺礌
1銆佹帉鎻℃皑鍩虹硸鑻烽鎶楃敓绱犵殑鍏辨€�锛�
2銆佹帉鎻￠張闇夌礌銆佹叾澶ч湁绱�銆佸崱閭ｉ湁绱犮€佸Ε甯冮湁绱�銆侀樋绫冲崱鏄�銆佸鏇跨背鏄熴€佺暟甯曠背鏄熺瓑
钘ョ殑鎶楄弻璀�銆侀仼鎳�(y墨ng)璀夊強涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
3銆佷簡瑙ｈ┎椤炶棩鐗╂噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ敞鎰忎簨闋�(xi脿ng)鍙婅棩鐗╃殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙姘ㄥ熀绯栬嫹椤炴姉鐢熺礌鐨勬姉鑿岃瓬銆佹姉鑿屾(j墨)鍒�銆佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)浠ュ強涓昏钘ョ墿鐨勪綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
绗節绔� 鍥涚挵(hu谩n)绱犻鑸囨隘闇夌礌
1銆佺啛鎮夊洓鐠�(hu谩n)绱犻銆佹隘闇夌礌椤炵殑鎶楄弻浣滅敤銆佽嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婇槻娌�锛涘ぉ鐒跺洓鐠�(hu谩n)绱犻
鐨勮棩鍕�(d貌ng)瀛�(xu茅)鐗归粸(di菐n)锛�
2銆佺啛鎮夊瑗跨挵(hu谩n)绱犮€佺背璜剧挵(hu谩n)绱犵殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鐔熸倝鍥涚挵(hu谩n)绱犻銆佹隘闇夌礌鐨勬姉鑿岃瓬銆佹姉鑿屼綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒跺拰涓昏涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄绔� 浜哄伐鍚堟垚鎶楀井鐢熺墿钘�
1銆佹帉鎻″柟璜鹃叜椤炶棩鐗╃殑鎶楄弻璀溿€佹姉鑿屼綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒�銆佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
2銆佺啛鎮夌：鑳洪钘ョ墿鐨勬姉鑿屼綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)鍙婅嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙鍠硅閰鐨勬姉鑿屼綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)銆佷綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒跺拰涓昏涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚啛鎮夎嚚搴婂父鐢ㄧ殑
纾鸿兒椤炶棩 SD 鍜� SMZ 鍚堢敤 TMP 澧炴晥姗�(j墨)鍒�銆�
绗崄涓€绔� 鎶楃湡鑿岃棩鐗╋紙鑷(xu茅)锛�
绗崄浜岀珷 鎶楃梾姣掕棩鐗�
鎺屾彙鎶楃梾姣掕棩鐨勫垎椤�銆佸悇椤炶棩鐗╃殑鎶楃梾姣掍綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)銆佹姉鐥呮瘨浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鍒跺強涓昏涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙鎶� HIV 鍜屾姉鑲濈値鐥呮瘨钘ョ殑鎶楄弻浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佹姉鐥呮瘨浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鍒跺拰涓昏涓嶈壇
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄涓夌珷 鎶楃祼(ji茅)鏍哥梾钘ュ強鎶楅夯棰�(f膿ng)鐥呰棩
1銆佹帉鎻＄涓€绶氭姉绲�(ji茅)鏍哥梾钘ョ暟鐓欒偧銆佸埄绂忓钩銆佷箼鑳轰竵閱�銆侀張闇夌礌鍙婂悺鍡叞鑳虹殑鎶楃祼(ji茅)鏍镐綔
鐢紝涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃€愯棩鎬э紝鎶楃祼(ji茅)鏍哥梾钘ョ殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ師鍓�锛�
2銆佷簡瑙ｆ姉楹婚ⅷ(f膿ng)鐥呰棩鐨勮嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細 鎺屾彙涓€绶氭姉绲�(ji茅)鏍歌棩鐗╃殑鎶楃祼(ji茅)鏍镐綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)銆佹姉绲�(ji茅)鏍告】鑿屼綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒跺拰涓昏涓嶈壇
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄鍥涚珷 鎶楀瘎鐢熻煵钘ワ紙鑷(xu茅)锛�
绗崄浜旂珷 鎶楁儭鎬ц叓鐦よ棩
1銆佹帉鎻″悇椤炴姉鎯℃€ц叓鐦よ棩鐨勫垎椤炪€佽棩鐞嗕綔鐢�銆佷富瑕侀仼鎳�(y墨ng)璀夊強涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
2銆佺啛鎮夊悇椤炴姉鎯℃€ц叓鐦よ棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)锛�
3銆佺啛鎮夊垎瀛愰澏鍚戞不鐧傜殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜岄€�(j矛n)灞�锛�
4銆佷簡瑙ｈ叓鐦ょ窗(x矛)鑳炵殑鑰愯棩姗�(j墨)鍒跺強鎶楁儭鎬ц叓鐦よ棩鍚堢悊鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鍘熷墖銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙涓昏椤炲瀷鎶楄叓鐦よ棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤姗�(j墨)鍒�銆佽嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ拰鍒嗗瓙闈跺悜娌荤檪鑵槫鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)
鍙婇€�(j矛n)灞曘€�
绗崄鍏珷 鍌冲嚭绁炵稉(j墨ng)绯荤当(t菕ng)钘ョ悊瀛�(xu茅)姒傝珫
1銆佹帉鎻″偝鍑虹缍�(j墨ng)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯仦璩�(zh矛)銆佸彈楂斿拰鐢熺墿鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛�
2銆佹帉鎻″偝鍑虹缍�(j墨ng)绯荤当(t菕ng)钘ョ墿鐨勫垎椤�銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙鍌冲嚭绁炵稉(j墨ng)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯仦璩�(zh矛)鍚堟垚銆佸け娲绘柟寮忋€佸彈楂�銆佹晥鎳�(y墨ng)浠ュ強钘ョ墿鐨勫垎椤炪€�
绗崄涓冪珷 浣滅敤浜庤喗鍫垮彈楂旂殑钘ョ墿
1銆佹帉鎻¤喗鍫垮彈楂旀縺鍕�(d貌ng)钘ョ殑鍒嗛銆佽棩鐞嗕綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)銆佽嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ拰涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
2銆佹帉鎻� M 鍙楅珨闃绘柗钘ョ殑浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佷綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒�銆佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婅嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
3銆佹帉鎻℃姉鑶藉牽閰叾钘ョ殑浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佷綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒�銆佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢紱
4銆佺啛鎮� N 鑶藉牽鍙楅珨闃绘柗钘ョ殑浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婁笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
5銆佷簡瑙ｈ喗鍫块叝閰跺京(f霉)娲诲姂鐨勪綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙 M 鍙楅珨婵€鍕�(d貌ng)鍔戞瘺鏋滆晸棣欏牽銆佸彲閫嗘€ф姉鑶藉牽閰叾钘ユ柊鏂殑鏄庡拰姣掓墎璞嗗牽
浠ュ強 M 鍙楅珨闃绘柗鍔戦樋鎵樺搧鐨勮棩鐞嗕綔鐢�銆佷綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)銆佽嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ拰涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
鐔熸倝鐞ョ弨鑶藉牽銆佺瓛绠瘨鍫垮皪楠ㄩ鑲� N2 鍙楅珨浣滅敤鐨勭暟鍚�銆�
绗崄鍏珷 浣滅敤浜庤厧涓婅吅绱犲彈楂旂殑钘ョ墿
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2銆佹帉鎻� 伪 鍙楅珨闃绘柗钘ュ拰 尾 鍙楅珨闃绘柗钘ョ殑钘ョ悊浣滅敤鍙婅嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢紱
3銆佺啛鎮夊宸磋兒銆侀夯榛冨牽鐨勮棩鐞嗕綔鐢ㄥ拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
4銆佷簡瑙ｉ枔缇ヨ兒銆佸幓姘ц厧涓婅吅绱�銆佸彲妯傚畾鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
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绗簩鍗佺珷 閹�(zh猫n)闈滃偓鐪犺棩
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2銆佺啛鎮夊反姣斿Ε椤炶棩鐗╃殑钘ョ悊浣滅敤銆佷綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒跺拰鑷ㄥ簥鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
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2銆佹帉鎻″父鐢ㄦ姉鐧茬檱钘ョ墿濡傝嫰濡ヨ嫳閳�銆佽嫰宸存瘮濡�銆佸崱棣タ骞�銆佷箼鐞ヨ兒绛夋姉鐧茬檱浣滅敤銆佽嚚
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3銆佷簡瑙ｆ姉椹氬帴钘ョ殑钘ョ悊浣滅敤鍜岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
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2銆佹帉鎻′腑妯炴姉鑶藉牽钘ョ殑钘ョ悊浣滅敤鍜岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
3銆佹帉鎻℃不鐧傞樋鐖捐尐娴烽粯鐥呰棩鐨勫垎椤炪€佸悇椤炶棩钘ョ悊浣滅敤銆佹(j墨)鍒跺強涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
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2銆佹帉鎻℃姉鎶戦儊钘ョ殑钘ョ悊浣滅敤銆佷綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒跺拰鑷ㄥ簥鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紱
3銆佷簡瑙ｆ姉韬佺媯钘ョ殑钘ョ悊浣滅敤銆�
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2銆佷簡瑙ｅ叾浠栭幃(zh猫n)鐥涜棩鍙婅棩鐗╃殑婵敤銆�
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澶凹銆佺編娌欓叜銆佹洸棣湹銆佸櫞浠栦綈杈�銆佺磵娲涢叜鐨勪綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)
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1銆佹帉鎻℃帉瑙ｇ啽銆侀幃(zh猫n)鐥涖€佹姉鐐庤棩鐗╃殑钘ョ悊浣滅敤銆佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婁綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒讹紱
2銆佺啛鎮� COX 鎶戝埗鍔戠殑鍒嗛銆佸悇椤炶棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)锛�
3銆佷簡瑙ｇ姘翠粰鍫�銆佷笝纾鸿垝銆佸垾鍢屽懁閱囩瓑鎶楃棝棰�(f膿ng)钘ョ悊浣滅敤鍜岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙瑙ｇ啽閹�(zh猫n)鐥涜棩鎶楃値钘ョ殑瑙ｇ啽銆侀幃(zh猫n)鐥�銆佹姉鐐庝綔鐢�銆佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婁綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒讹紝鍙�
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绗簩鍗佷竷绔� 闆㈠瓙閫氶亾鐨勮棩鐞嗗(xu茅)姒傝堪
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2銆佺啛鎮夐洟瀛愰€氶亾鐨勫垎椤炪€佷綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)鍜岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙浣滅敤浜庨垼闆㈠瓙閫氶亾銆侀墍闆㈠瓙閫氶亾鍜岄垑闆㈠瓙閫氶亾鐨勮棩鐗╃殑浣滅敤鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜岃嚚
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绗簩鍗佸叓绔� 鎶楀績寰嬪け甯歌棩
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2銆佹帉鎻″父鐢ㄦ姉蹇冨緥澶卞父钘ョ殑钘ョ悊浣滅敤銆佷綔鐢ㄦ(j墨)鍒躲€佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
3銆佷簡瑙ｆ姉蹇冨緥澶卞父钘ヨ伅(li谩n)鍚堟噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ師鍓�銆�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細鎺屾彙濂庡凹涓�銆佸埄澶氬崱鍥�銆佹櫘钀樻礇鐖俱€佽嫰濡ヨ嫳閳�銆佽兒纰橀叜銆佺董鎷夊笗绫崇瓑鎶楀績寰�
澶卞父钘ョ悊浣滅敤銆佷笉鑹弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
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2銆佺啛鎮夊挤(qi谩ng)蹇冭嫹銆侀潪寮�(qi谩ng)蹇冭嫹椤炴鎬ц倢鍔涜棩銆佹笡璨�(f霉)鑽疯棩鐨勫挤(qi谩ng)蹇冭棩鐞嗕綔鐢ㄧ壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
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鍔涜棩銆佹笡璨�(f霉)鑽疯棩鐨勮棩鐞嗕綔鐢ㄥ拰涓嶈壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
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2銆佺啛鎮夊叾浠栨姉蹇冭倢缂鸿钘ョ殑钘ョ悊鍜岃嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
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2銆佷簡瑙ｈ劔姘磋棩鐨勮棩鐞嗕綔鐢ㄥ拰鑷ㄥ簥鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
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2銆佷簡瑙ｆ姉璨ц钘ャ€佷績鍑濊钘ョ殑钘ョ悊浣滅敤鍙婅嚚搴婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
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绗笁鍗佷簲绔� 浣滅敤浜庡懠鍚哥郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮棩鐗╋紙鑷(xu茅)锛�
绗笁鍗佸叚绔� 浣滅敤浜庢秷鍖栫郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮棩鐗╋紙鑷(xu茅)锛�
绗笁鍗佷竷绔� 鑵庝笂鑵虹毊璩�(zh矛)婵€绱犻钘ョ墿
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
