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鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鑰冭│澶х侗
鐩寗
鈪�. 鑰冨療鐩(bi膩o)
鈪�. 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鈪�. 鑰冨療鑼冨湇
鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒跺倷
鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鈪�. 瑭﹂绀轰緥
鈪�. 鍙冭€冩浉鎺ㄨ枽
鈪�. 鑰冨療鐩(bi膩o)
鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)瑾茬▼鑰冭│娑佃搵鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆佹湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿
鐨勫埗鍌�銆佹湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)绛夊収(n猫i)瀹广€傝姹傝€冪敓鍏ㄩ潰绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦版帉鎻℃湁姗熷寲瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈煡
璀�銆佸熀鏈悊璜�銆傛帉鎻℃湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽埄鐢ㄦ湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺ㄦ柗鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗�
鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸埗鍌欏強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢紝鍏峰倷杓冨挤鐨勫垎鏋愬晱椤屽拰瑙ｆ焙鍟忛鐨勮兘鍔�銆�
鈪�. 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆� 瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎鍙婅€冭│鏅傞枔
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浜�銆� 绛旈鏂瑰紡
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鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�30~40 鍒�
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鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�40~50 鍒�
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鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熺悊锛�20-30 鍒�
鍚堟垚锛�30-40 鍒�
鈪�. 鑰冨療鑼冨湇
1 鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)
閲嶉粸闆ｉ粸锛氭湁姗熷寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛涘叡鍍归嵉鐨勫爆鎬у強鏂疯锛涘竷鏈楁柉鐗�
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2 鐑风兇
閲嶉粸锛欼UPAC 鍛藉悕娉曞拰妲�(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆佺敳鐑风殑鍥涢潰楂旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屼箼鐑风殑鍚勭ó妲�(g貌u)璞�銆傚垎瀛愰枔
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涓殑鑳介噺璁婂寲銆�
3 鐑兇
閲嶉粸锛氱儻鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛� sp2
闆滃寲杌岄亾锛屝� -閸电殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄爢-鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)锛涘懡鍚嶄富瑕佽◣璜�
Z-E 鍛藉悕锛涘姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛�
鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)銆傝В閲� Markovnikov 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆�
4 鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇
閲嶉粸锛氱倲鐑寸殑鍛藉悕锛岃Κ闆诲姞鎴�銆佽Κ鏍稿姞鎴�銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄吀鎬�锛涗簩鐑兇鐨勫懡鍚�锛孼-E
鍛藉悕锛� 1,3-涓佷簩鐑殑鍏辫粵绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢洐鐑悎鎴�锛岀挵(hu谩n)鎴婁簩鐑簽鐢插熀涓婃矮鍘�
瀛愮殑娲绘綉鎬�銆�
5 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�
閲嶉粸锛氬懡鍚嶉噸榛炶灪鐠�(hu谩n)鍜屾⿱鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勫懡鍚�锛涚挵(hu谩n)鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛岃寮靛姏锛屼互闆诲瓙浜戞渶澶ч噸鐤婂師
鐞嗚鏄庡皬鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勪笉绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛涜剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑妲�(g貌u)璞�锛岀挵(hu谩n)宸茬兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞�銆佺挵(hu谩n)宸茬兎琛嶇敓鐗╃殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆�
6 鑺抽鏃忕兇椤炲寲鍚堢墿
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姝风▼锛屜� -绲�(lu貌)鍚堢墿鍙婂叾绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛岃Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬪強鍏堕浕瀛愭晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮В閲�銆�
姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閲嶉粸瑷庤珫鍋�(c猫)閺� 蟽 -姘殑姘у寲銆傚鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鍙粙绱硅悩鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂畾浣�
瑕�(gu墨)寰�銆�
7 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
閲嶉粸锛氬皪绋辨€у拰鍒嗗瓙鎵嬫€с€佹(g貌u)鍨嬬殑琛ㄧず娉�銆佹(g貌u)鍨嬬殑纰哄畾銆丏-L 妯�(bi膩o)瑷樻硶鍜� R-S 妯�(bi膩o)瑷�
娉�銆佸皪鏄犻珨鍜岄潪灏嶆槧楂斻€佸娑堟棆楂斿拰鍏�(n猫i)娑堟棆楂�銆佽垏绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勪竴浜涘悕瑭炲拰姒�
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8 楣典唬鐑�
閲嶉粸锛氶沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屽埗娉�銆侀沟浠ｇ兇鍦ㄥ熀鏈湁姗熷師鏂欒垏鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╋紙琛嶇敓鐗╋級
涔嬮枔鐨勬⿱姊佷綔鐢�锛屽嵆楣典唬鐑村湪鏈夋鍚堟垚涓殑閲嶈浣滅敤銆係N1 鍜� SN2 鍏╃ó鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛�
鐑峰熀鍜岄沟绱犲皪 SN 姝风▼鐨勫奖闊�銆備粙绱� E1 鍜� E2 鐨勬绋�锛屽苟瑙ｉ噵 Saytzaff 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛屽弽
鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�
9 閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔
閲嶉粸锛氶唶鍒舵硶锛氱儻鐑存按鍚堬紙鐩存帴姘村悎娉曞拰闁撴帴姘村悎娉曪級锛岄沟浠ｇ兇姘磋В锛岄啗閰叝鐨�
閭勫師銆傜墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶唶閲戝爆鐨勭敓鎴愩€侀沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫舰鎴愶紙姘�銆佹捍銆佺鐨勫彇浠�
姊濅欢鍜屼集浠插彅閱囧彇浠ｇ殑闆ｆ槗锛屼互鍙� PCl5銆丳Cl3銆丳I3銆丼OCl2 鍙栦唬鐨勭壒榛烇級锛屽垎瀛愬収(n猫i)
鍜屽垎瀛愰枔鐨勮劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)姊濅欢銆佺敘(ch菐n)鐗�銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛夛紝姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堜集銆佷徊銆�
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鍒嗗瓙闁撴矮閸靛皪鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶厷缇ュ熀鐨勯吀鎬�锛岃姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｅ熀灏嶉厷缇�
鍩洪吀鎬х殑褰遍熆銆傝姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥沟鍖�銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�銆佺兎鍩哄寲鍜�?锛涱姮顕�?br/>鎳�(y墨ng)锛�銆傜挵(hu谩n)姘т箼鐑风殑鍒舵硶銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸悎鎴愪笂鐨勭敤閫斻€�
10 閱�銆侀叜銆侀唽
閲嶉粸锛氶啗鍜岄叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓富瑕佽◣璜� C=O 谢 -閸�锛屽苟鑸� C=C 姣旇純锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堜互鍔� HCN 鐐轰緥锛岀景鍩虹殑瑕牳鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆傝垏閱囧姞鎴愮敓鎴�
鍗婄府閱涘拰绺啗锛岄啗鍩虹殑淇濊銆傝垏鏈夋閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗╁姞鎴愬埗鍌欓唶锛夈€佄� -姘師瀛愮殑娲绘綉
鎬�銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屾哀鍖栧姂鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑼冨湇锛岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)姊濅欢銆偽� 銆�?-涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰紝
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11 缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗�
閲嶉粸锛氱晶閰革細缇ч吀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕锛岀晶閰哥殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)瑾槑姘嵉鍜岄洐鍒嗗瓙绶犲悎
灏嶆哺榛炵殑褰遍熆銆傜晶閰哥殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶吀鎬с€佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勭敓鎴�銆佺晶鍩虹殑閭勫師銆佽劔姘�
鍜岃劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佷簩鍏冪晶閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佅� -姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傜晶閰歌鐢熺墿锛氳Κ鏍歌│鍔戠殑姘�
瑙�銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃垏鏍煎埄闆呰│鍔戝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀晶閰稿強琛嶇敓鐗╀箣闁撶殑鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
12 鍙栦唬缇ч吀
閲嶉粸锛氱茎鍩洪吀锛氱茎鍩洪吀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀茎鍩洪吀鐨勮劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄檷瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾按妤婇吀鍜屼钩閰�銆�
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13 纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╁拰鑳�
閲嶉粸锛氱鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚嶏紝纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師銆傝兒鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堝牽鎬�銆佺兎
鍩哄寲銆�?锛涱姮?銆佺：閰板寲銆佷簽纭濆寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃兒鍜岃兒楣界殑绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)锛夈€�
14 閲嶆爱鍖栧悎鐗╁拰鍋舵爱鍖栧悎鐗�
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1
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1锛� 2锛� 3 4 5 6
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
