|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗堬紝閮ㄥ垎瀛�(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞达紱鍧囨彁渚涙敹璨�(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
1
鐩寗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)........................................................................................ 2
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) ..................................................................2
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�..................................................................................... 2
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�.................................................................3
2
鍏ㄥ湅纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)绲�(t菕ng)涓€鑰冭│
鐒℃(j墨)鏉愭枡绉戝(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鑰冭│澶х侗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)
鐩殑鏄瀛�(xu茅)銆佸叕骞�銆佹湁鏁堝湴娓│鑰冪敓鏄惁鍏峰倷鏀昏畝鏉愭枡瀛�(xu茅)灏堟キ(y猫)纰╁＋鎵€蹇呴爤鐨勫熀鏈礌璩�(zh矛)銆�
涓€鑸兘鍔涘拰鍩归(y菐ng)娼涜兘锛屼互鍒╃敤閬告嫈鍏锋湁鐧�(f膩)灞�?ji茅)鎽课﹁啲?y艒u)绉€浜烘墠鍏ュ(xu茅)锛岀偤鍦嬪鐨勭稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)寤鸿ō(sh猫)鍩归(y菐ng)鍏�
鏈夎壇濂藉皥妤�(y猫)鐞嗚珫鍩虹(ch菙)銆佸叿鏈夎純寮�(qi谩ng)鍒嗘瀽鑸囪В姹哄(sh铆)闅涘晱椤岃兘鍔涚殑楂樺堡娆�銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ瀷銆佸京(f霉)鍚堝瀷鐨勬潗鏂�
瀛�(xu茅)灏堟キ(y猫)浜烘墠銆傝€冭│瑕佹眰鏄脯瑭﹁€冪敓鎺屾彙鐒℃(j墨)鏉愭枡绉戝(xu茅)闋�(l菒ng)鍩熷熀鏈悊璜栧強铏曠悊鍜屽垎鏋愬晱椤岀殑涓€浜�
鍩烘湰鏂规硶銆�
鍏烽珨渚嗚銆傝姹傝€冪敓锛�
1. 鎺屾彙鐒℃(j墨)鏉愭枡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨鍜屽熀鏈悊璜�锛�
2. 鎺屾彙绲�(ji茅)鏅跺寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佹櫠楂旂己闄�銆侀潪鏅舵厠(t脿i)銆佺浉骞宠 銆佽啝楂旂瓑鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛�
3. 鎺屾彙鐒℃(j墨)鏉愭枡鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍜岀浉骞宠 鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛�
4. 鎺屾彙鏉愭枡鍒跺倷閬庣▼涓摯(ku貌)鏁�銆佸浐鐩稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍘熺悊锛�
5. 鎺屾彙鐒℃(j墨)鏉愭枡鐩歌畩鍜岀噿绲�(ji茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗強鍩烘湰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ柟娉�锛�
6. 浜嗚В鐒℃(j墨)鏉愭枡鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚--绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鈥斿埗鍌欌€旀€ц兘涔嬮枔鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑鍩烘湰瑕�(gu墨)寰嬨€�
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佽│鍗锋豢鍒嗗強鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�
瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎鐐� 150 鍒嗭紝鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁� 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
浜�銆佺瓟椤屾柟寮�
绛旈鏂瑰紡鐐洪枆鍗�銆佺瓎瑭�銆傚厑瑷变娇鐢ㄨ▓(j矛)绠楀櫒锛屼絾涓嶅緱浣跨敤甯舵湁鍏紡鍜屾枃鏈瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍔熻兘鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楀櫒銆�
涓�銆佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹硅垏椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鏈変互涓嬩笁绋鍨嬶細
鍒ゆ柗椤� 10 椤岋紝姣忓皬椤� 3 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒�
瑙ｉ噵姒傚康椤� 5 椤岋紝姣忓皬椤� 4 鍒�锛屽叡 20 鍒�
瑷�(j矛)绠楄垏鍒嗘瀽椤� 8 椤�锛屾瘡灏忛 10锝�20 鍒�锛屽叡 100 鍒�
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1. 绲�(ji茅)鏅跺寲瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈師鐞� 鎺屾彙鏅堕珨鐨勯嵉鍨嬭垏鏅堕珨鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛涚悊瑙ｆ湁鏁堥洟瀛愬崐寰�锛屽瘑鍫嗘柟寮�銆�
绌洪殭椤炲瀷锛涙帉鎻￠厤浣嶆暩(sh霉)鍜岄厤浣嶅闈㈤珨锛涙帉鎻￠畱鏋楄(gu墨)鍓�銆�
2. 鏅堕珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨櫠楂斾腑鐨勭己闄� 浜嗚В鏈夊簭銆佺劇搴忓強杞�(zhu菐n)璁�锛涙帉鎻″吀鍨嬫櫠楂旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婄閰搁菇鏅堕珨绲�(ji茅)
妲�(g貌u)锛涙帉鎻℃櫠楂旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)榛�(di菐n)缂洪櫡鍒嗛鍜屽畾缇�锛涙帉鎻＄己闄风铏�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏂圭▼鍜屽钩琛℃績搴﹁▓(j矛)绠楋紱鎺屾彙鍥烘憾
楂斿垎椤炶垏褰㈡垚姊濅欢銆侀潪鍖栧(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忓寲鍚堢墿鍙婂浐婧堕珨鐨勭爺绌舵柟娉�銆備簡瑙ｄ綅閷�(cu貌)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆�
3. 闈炴櫠鎱�(t脿i)鍥洪珨 鎺屾彙鐜荤拑鐨勫洓鍊�(g猫)閫氭€�锛涙帉鎻＄幓鐠冪祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬櫠瀛愮悊璜栧拰鐒¤(gu墨)鍓囩恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐞嗚珫锛涙帉鎻�
鐜荤拑褰㈡垚鐨勭啽鍔涘(xu茅)姊濅欢銆佸嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)姊濅欢鍜岀祼(ji茅)鏅跺寲瀛�(xu茅)姊濅欢锛涙帉鎻℃哀鍖栫墿鐜荤拑鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍜岀閰搁菇鐜荤拑
鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍥犲瓙瑷�(j矛)绠椼€�
4. 琛ㄩ潰鑸囩晫闈� 鎺屾彙鍥洪珨琛ㄩ潰鐨勭壒寰�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婅〃闈㈣兘锛涙帉鎻″綆鏇茶〃闈㈡晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾饯婵曡鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紱
鎺屾彙绮樺湡鐨勮嵎闆绘€�銆佺矘鍦熼洟瀛愮殑鍚搁檮鑸囦氦鎻�锛屾帉鎻＄矘鍦熲€旀按绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯浕鍕�(d貌ng)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜岃啝楂旀€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
5.鐩稿钩琛� 鎺屾彙纭呴吀楣界郴绲�(t菕ng)鐩稿钩琛＄壒榛�(di菐n)锛涙帉鎻′簩鍏�銆佷笁鍏冪浉鍦栫殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆侀鍨�锛屾瀽鏅堕亷绋嬪垽
瀹氬拰鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶鍜屾瀽鏅堕亷绋嬩腑鍚勭浉鎴愬垎鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉�锛屼簡瑙ｅ父瑕嬬閰搁菇绯荤当(t菕ng)鐩稿湒銆�
6. 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢� 鎺屾彙鍑濊仛鎱�(t脿i)楂旂郴涓啽鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛涙帉鎻″嚌鑱氭厠(t脿i)楂旂郴涓啽鍔涘(xu茅)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑缍�(j墨ng)鍏歌▓(j矛)
绠楁柟娉曞拰桅 鍑芥暩(sh霉)瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉�銆�
3
7. 鎿�(ku貌)鏁� 鎺屾彙 Fick 绗竴銆佺浜屽畾寰嬪強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涚悊瑙ｆ摯(ku貌)鏁ｉ亷绋嬬殑鎺ㄥ嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘強鎿�(ku貌)鏁ｇ殑寰姗�(j墨)妲�(g貌u)锛�
鎺屾彙鎿�(ku貌)鏁ｇ郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╋紝鎺屾彙鏈緛鎿�(ku貌)鏁�銆侀洔璩�(zh矛)鎿�(ku貌)鏁ｅ拰闈炲寲瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忓寲鍚堢墿涓摯(ku貌)鏁ｇ殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛涙帉鎻℃櫠
楂旂祫鎴�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)閸点€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)缂洪櫡鍙婃韩搴﹀拰闆滆唱(zh矛)灏嶆摯(ku貌)鏁ｇ殑褰遍熆銆�
鍥虹浉鍙嶆噳(y墨ng) 浜嗚В鍥虹浉鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐗瑰緛锛涙帉鎻″浐鐩稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫咕鍊�(g猫)鏂圭▼鍙婂叾閬╃敤姊濅欢锛涗簡瑙ｅ奖闊�
鍥虹浉鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫悇绋洜绱�銆�
8. 鐩歌畩 浜嗚В鐩歌畩鐨勫垎椤炲拰鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婇Μ姘忛珨鐩歌畩銆佹湁搴忕劇搴忚綁(zhu菐n)璁婄殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛涙帉鎻℃恫鈥斿浐鐩歌畩閬�
绋嬬殑涓嶅钩琛＄媭鎱�(t脿i)鍜岀浉璁婇亷绋嬬殑鎺ㄥ嫊(d貌ng)鍔涳紝鎺屾彙鏅舵牳褰㈡垚鐨勬浠�锛涙帉鎻℃恫鈥斿浐鐩歌畩閬庣▼鏅舵牳褰㈡垚
鍜屾櫠楂旂敓闀烽亷绋嬪嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)锛屼互鍙婄附鐨勭祼(ji茅)鏅堕€熺巼鍜屾瀽鏅堕亷绋�锛涚悊瑙ｆ恫鐩哥殑涓嶆贩婧剁従(xi脿n)璞�锛屾帉鎻＄幓鐠�
鍒嗙浉鍏╃ó姗�(j墨)鍒剁殑鐣板悓榛�(di菐n)銆�
9. 鐕掔祼(ji茅) 鎺屾彙鐕掔祼(ji茅)鐨勫畾缇╄垏鎺ㄥ嫊(d貌ng)鍔�锛涙帉鎻″洓绋噿绲�(ji茅)姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑鍌宠唱(zh矛)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭紱鐞嗚В鏅剁矑鐢熼暦閬庣▼鑸�
浜屾鍐嶇祼(ji茅)鏅堕亷绋�锛涗簡瑙ｅ奖闊跨噿绲�(ji茅)鐨勫悇绋洜绱�銆�
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�
瑾槑锛� 瑷�(j矛)绠楅鍙互浣跨敤瑷�(j矛)绠楀櫒
1锛� 鍒ゆ柗椤岋紙姝ｇ⒑鎵�?锛岄尟(cu貌)瑾ゆ墦?锛�(30 鍒�)
(1) 锛� 锛� 闈炲寲瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忓寲鍚堢墿甯稿父鍛堢従(xi脿n)鍑哄崐灏�(d菐o)楂旂壒鎬�銆�
(2) 锛� 锛� 姘у寲鐗╃幓鐠冪恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍩哄厓涓櫧闆㈠瓙鐨勯厤浣嶆暩(sh霉)寰€寰€杓冮珮銆�
(3) 锛� 锛� NaCl 鏅堕珨涓洓闈㈤珨绌洪殭鏁�(sh霉)鏄叓闈㈤珨绌洪殭鏁�(sh霉)鐨勪竴鍗�銆�
(4) 锛� 锛� 鍥洪珨鍙互閫氶亷琛ㄩ潰璩�(zh矛)榛�(di菐n)鐨勬サ鍖栥€佽畩褰�銆侀噸鎺掍締闄嶄綆琛ㄩ潰鑳�銆�
(5) 锛� 锛� 娑插浐鍏╃浉绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勎� 鈥旈浕浣嶅崌楂樻渻(hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷村叾绮樺害闄嶄綆銆�
(6) 锛� 锛� 娑测€旀恫鐩歌畩鐨勪笉绌�(w臎n)鍒嗚В閬庣▼浣嶅杓冨ぇ銆�
(7) 锛� 锛� 涓€绱氱浉璁婃瘮浜岀礆鐩歌畩?n猫i)鑿€瑁卨(f膩)鐢熴€�
(8) 锛� 锛� 鍥虹浉鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬寰风埦鏂圭▼鍙兘鐢ㄤ簬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫垵鏈�銆�
(9) 锛� 锛� 鍦ㄧ噿绲�(ji茅)鍒濇湡锛岃捀鐧�(f膩)锛嶅嚌鑱氬偝璩�(zh矛)閬庣▼鑳芥彁楂樺澂楂斿挤(qi谩ng)搴﹀悓鏅�(sh铆)灏�(d菐o)鑷村澂楂旂殑鏀剁府銆�
(10) 锛� 锛夌噿绲�(ji茅)鏅�(sh铆)婧害閬庨珮鏈�(hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷翠簩娆″啀绲�(ji茅)鏅躲€�
2锛� 瑙ｉ噵涓嬪垪姒傚康(20 鍒�)
(1) 楫戞灄绗竴瑕�(gu墨)鍓�
(2) 鍧囧嫽鎴愭牳
(3) 鐕掔祼(ji茅)鐨勬帹鍕�(d貌ng)鍔�
(4) 娉ユ伎鐨勮Ц璁婃€�
(5) 鐜荤拑缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)褰㈡垚楂�
3锛� 鍒楄〃琛ㄧず纭呴吀楣芥櫠楂旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍚勭ó椤炲瀷鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屽苟鍚勮垑涓€渚嬭鏄庝箣銆�(10 鍒�)
4锛� 瑭﹁堪褰㈡垚閫ｇ簩(x霉)缃彌鍨嬪浐婧堕珨鐨勬浠�銆�(12 鍒�)
5锛� 鍦� SiO2 涓噳(y墨ng)鍔犲叆澶氬皯 Na2O锛屼娇鐜荤拑鐨� R 鍊硷紙O/Si锛�=2.5锛屾眰鍑� SiO2 鍜� Na2O 鐨勬懇鐖炬瘮銆�
姝ゆ檪(sh铆)鏋愭櫠鑳藉姏鏄寮�(qi谩ng)閭勬槸鍓婂急锛�(12 鍒�)
6锛� 婵曟饯鍒嗗摢骞剧ó褰㈠紡锛熷奖闊挎繒娼ょ殑鍥犵礌鏈夐偅浜涳紵(10 鍒�)
7锛� 鍦� MgO 涓姞鍏ユ哀鍖栭媮闆滆唱(zh矛)锛岃嫢娆蹭娇 Mg
2+
鍦� MgO 涓殑鎿�(ku貌)鏁ｇ洿鑷� MgO 鐔旈粸(di菐n) 2800鈩冩檪(sh铆)浠�
鏄潪鏈緛鎿�(ku貌)鏁ｇ偤涓伙紝瑭︽眰 Al
3+
鎳�(y墨ng)鏈変粈涔堟ǎ鐨勬績搴�锛燂紙MgO 鐨勮倴鐗瑰熀缂洪櫡褰㈡垚鑳解柍Hf锛�
463.00kJ/mol锛孯=8.314J/mo12K锛�(12 鍒�)
4
8锛� CaCO 3
-SiO2 绯荤当(t菕ng)瀛樺湪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
CaCO3+SiO2=CaO?SiO2+CO2锛�
鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)濡備笅锛�
鐗╄唱(zh矛) H
0
298? (kJ/mol) 800K
? ? (J/mol?K)
CaO?SiO ?1585.2 118.5
CO 2 ?393.8 229.3
CaCO 3 ?1207.5 124.5
SiO2 ?911.5 61.3
瑭﹀緸鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍒ゆ柗锛岀暥(d膩ng)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绯荤当(t菕ng)铏曚簬妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍗� 2CO
P =1atm 鏅�(sh铆)锛�800K 涓嬪弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑳藉惁鑷櫦(f膩)閫�(j矛n)琛岋紵(12
鍒�)
9锛� 浠€涔堟槸鐕掔祼(ji茅)锛熺噿绲�(ji茅)鍒濇湡鐨勫偝璩�(zh矛)姗�(j墨)鍒舵湁鍝咕绋�锛熷悇鑷殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鏄粈涔�锛�(12 鍒�)
10锛� 鍦ㄤ笅鍒楃浉鍦栦腑锛�
(1) 鍔冨垎鍓笁瑙掑舰锛�
(2) 鐢ㄧ闋(bi膩o)鍑虹晫绶氫笂婧害涓嬮檷鐨勬柟鍚戝強鐣岀窔鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛�
(3) 鍒ゆ柗鍖栧悎鐗� S 鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛�
(4) 瀵嚭鍚勭劇璁婇噺榛�(di菐n)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮忥紱
(5) 鍒嗘瀽绲勬垚鐐洪粸(di菐n) 1 鐨勭啍楂旂殑鏋愭櫠璺▼銆�( 娉細S銆�1銆丒3 鍦ㄤ竴姊濈洿绶氫笂)
锛堢瓟椤屾檪(sh铆)鍙湪鍘熷湒涓婁綔妯�(bi膩o)瑷�锛岃嫢閲嶆柊绻湒鎳�(y墨ng)娉ㄦ剰婧�(zh菙n)纰烘€э級(20 鍒�)
鍙冭€冪瓟妗�
1锛庡垽鏂烽
锛�1锛�?锛�2锛�?锛�3锛�?锛�4锛�?锛�5锛�?锛�6锛�?锛�7锛�?锛�8锛�?锛�9锛�?锛�10锛�?
2锛庤В閲嬩笅鍒楁蹇�
锛�1锛� 楫戞灄绗竴瑕�(gu墨)鍓囷細楫戞灄绗竴瑕�(gu墨)鍓囪獚(r猫n)鐐洪洟瀛愬寲鍚堢墿涓€滃湪姝ｉ洟瀛愮殑鍛ㄥ湇褰㈡垚涓€璨�(f霉)闆�
瀛愰厤浣嶅闈㈤珨锛屾璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙涔嬮枔鐨勮窛闆㈠彇姹轰簬闆㈠瓙鍗婂緫涔嬪拰锛岃€岄厤浣嶆暩(sh霉)鍓囧彇姹轰簬
姝ｈ矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鍗婂緫涔嬫瘮鈥濄€�
锛�2锛� 鍧囧嫽鎴愭牳锛氬潎鍕绘垚鏍告槸鎸囨櫠鏍稿緸鍧囧嫽鐨勫柈鐩哥啍楂斾腑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑骞剧巼铏曡檿鏄浉鍚岀殑銆�
5
锛�3锛� 鐕掔祼(ji茅)鐨勬帹鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涳細绮夌媭鐗╂枡鐨勮〃闈㈣兘澶т簬澶氭櫠鐕掔祼(ji茅)楂旂殑鏅剁晫鑳�锛岄€欏氨鏄噿绲�(ji茅)鐨勬帹
鍕�(d貌ng)鍔�銆�
锛�4锛� 娉ユ伎鐨勮Ц璁婃€э細娉ユ伎寰炵█閲嬫祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍒扮鍖栫殑鍑濊仛鐙€鎱�(t脿i)涔嬮枔寰€寰€閭勬湁涓€鍊�(g猫)浠嬩簬
浜岃€呬箣闁撶殑涓枔鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛岄€欏氨鏄Ц璁婄媭鎱�(t脿i)銆傛墍璎傝Ц璁婂氨鏄偿婕块潨姝笉鍕�(d貌ng)鏅�(sh铆)浼煎嚌鍥�
楂旓紝涓€缍�(j墨ng)鎿惧嫊(d貌ng)鎴栨悥鍕�(d貌ng)锛屽嚌鍥虹殑娉ユ伎鍙堥噸鏂扮嵅寰楁祦鍕�(d貌ng)鎬�銆傚鍐嶉潨姝㈠張閲嶆柊鍑濆浐锛�
閫欐ǎ鍙互閲嶅京(f霉)鐒℃暩(sh霉)娆�銆傛偿婕垮緸娴佸嫊(d貌ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)閬庢浮鍒拌Ц璁婄媭鎱�(t脿i)鏄€愭几鐨勩€侀潪绐佽畩鐨勫苟
浼撮毃钁楃矘搴︾殑澧為珮銆�
锛�5锛� 鐜荤拑缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)褰㈡垚楂旓細鐜荤拑缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)褰㈡垚楂�(鍏朵腑姝ｉ洟瀛愮偤缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)褰㈡垚闆㈠瓙)锛屽叾鍠嵉寮�(qi谩ng)搴�
澶т簬 335kJ/mo1銆傞€欓姘у寲鐗╄兘鍠崹(d煤)褰㈡垚鐜荤拑銆�
3锛庤В锛氱閰搁菇绀︾墿鎸夌収纭呮哀鍥涢潰楂旂殑閫ｆ帴鏂瑰紡閫�(j矛n)琛屽垎椤�锛屽叿楂旈鍨嬭涓嬭〃銆�
纭呴吀楣界う鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷 鍏辩敤姘ф暩(sh霉) 褰㈢媭 绲�(lu貌)闄伴洟瀛� 姘х姣� 瀵�(sh铆)渚�
宄剁媭 0 鍥涢潰楂� [SiO4]
4-
4 閹傛﹦娆栫煶 Mg2[SiO4]
绲勭兢鐙€ 1锝�2 鍏瘈(ji茅)鐠�(hu谩n) [Si6O18]
12-
3.5锝�3 缍犲鐭� Be3 Al2[Si6O18]
閺堢媭 2锝�3 鍠張 [Si2O6]4-
3锝�2.5 閫忚紳鐭� CaMg[Si2O6]
灞ょ媭 3 骞抽潰灞� [Si4O10]
4-
2.5 婊戠煶 Mg3[Si4O10](OH)2
鏋剁媭 4 楠ㄦ灦 [SiO2] 2 鐭宠嫳 SiO2
4锛庤В锛�
(1)闆㈠瓙灏哄鍥犵礌
鍦ㄧ疆鎻涘浐婧堕珨涓�锛岄洟瀛愮殑澶у皬灏嶅舰鎴愰€ｇ簩(x霉)鎴栨湁闄愮疆鎻涘瀷鍥烘憾楂旀湁鐩存帴鐨勫奖闊�銆傚緸鏅堕珨绌�(w臎n)
瀹氱殑瑙€榛�(di菐n)鐪�锛岀浉浜掓浛浠ｇ殑闆㈠瓙灏哄鎰堢浉杩�锛屽墖鍥烘憾楂旀剤绌�(w臎n)瀹�銆傝嫢浠� r1 鍜� r2 鍒嗗垾浠ｈ〃婧跺姂鎴�
婧惰唱(zh矛)闆㈠瓙鐨勫崐寰�锛岀稉(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)璀夋槑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰嬪涓嬶細
1
21
r
rr ?
锛�15%
鐣�(d膩ng)绗﹀悎涓婂紡锛屾憾璩�(zh矛)鍜屾憾鍔戜箣闁撴湁鍙兘褰㈡垚閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍥烘憾楂�锛岃嫢姝ゅ€煎湪 15锛咃綖30锛呮檪(sh铆)锛屽彲浠ュ舰鎴�
鏈夐檺缃彌鍨嬪浐婧堕珨锛岃€屾鍊煎ぇ浜� 30锛呮檪(sh铆)锛屼笉鑳藉舰鎴愬浐婧堕珨銆�
锛�2锛夋櫠楂旂殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷
鑳藉惁褰㈡垚閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍥烘憾楂�锛屾櫠楂旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷鏄崄鍒嗛噸瑕佺殑銆傚舰鎴愰€ｇ簩(x霉)鍥烘憾楂旂殑浜屽厓绯荤当(t菕ng)涓叐鍊�(g猫)
绲勫垎闋堝叿鏈夌浉鍚岀殑鏅堕珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷銆�
锛�3锛夐洟瀛愰浕鍍�(ji脿)鐨勫奖闊�
鍙湁闆㈠瓙鍍�(ji脿)鐩稿悓鎴栭洟瀛愬児(ji脿)绺藉拰鐩哥瓑寰�(f霉)鍚堟懟闆滄檪(sh铆)鎵嶈兘鐢熸垚閫ｇ簩(x霉)缃彌鍨嬪浐婧堕珨銆�
锛�4锛夐浕璨�(f霉)鎬�
闆㈠瓙闆昏矤(f霉)鎬у皪鍥烘憾楂斿強鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐢熸垚鏈夊緢澶х殑褰遍熆銆傞浕璨�(f霉)鎬х浉杩�锛屾湁鍒╀簬鍥烘憾楂旂殑鐢熸垚锛�
闆昏矤(f霉)鎬у樊鍒ュぇ锛屽偩鍚戜簬鐢熸垚鍖栧悎鐗┿€�
閬�(d谩)鑲紙Darkon锛夌瓑鏇惧皣闆昏矤(f霉)鎬у拰闆㈠瓙鍗婂緫鍒嗗垾浣滃潗妯�(bi膩o)杌�锛屽彇婧惰唱(zh矛)鑸囨憾鍔戝崐寰戜箣宸偤澹�
15锛呬綔鐐烘鍦撶殑涓€鍊�(g猫)姗桓锛屽張鍙栭浕璨�(f霉)鎬у樊卤0.4 鐐烘鍦撶殑鍙︿竴鍊�(g猫)杌�锛岀暙涓€鍊�(g猫)姗㈠湏銆傜櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍦ㄩ€�
鍊�(g猫)姗㈠湏涔嬪収(n猫i)鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)锛�65锛呮槸鍏锋湁寰堝ぇ鐨勫浐婧跺害锛岃€屾鍦撳鐨勬湁 85锛呯郴绲�(t菕ng)鍥烘憾搴﹀皬浜� 5锛�銆傚洜
姝わ紝闆昏矤(f霉)鎬т箣宸湪卤0锛�4 涔嬪収(n猫i)涔熸槸琛￠噺鍥烘憾搴﹀ぇ灏忕殑涓€鍊�(g猫)姊濅欢銆�
5锛庤ō(sh猫)鍔犲叆 x mol 鐨� Na2O锛岃€� SiO2 鐨勯噺鐐� y mol銆�
鍓� O/Si=锛坸+2y锛�/ y =2.5
6
鈭磞/x=2/1 鍗充簩鑰呯殑鐗╄唱(zh矛)閲忔瘮鐐� 2:1 鏅�(sh铆)锛孫/Si=2.5銆�
鍥�?y脿n)?O/Si 澧炲姞浜�锛岀矘搴︿笅闄�锛屾瀽鏅惰兘鍔涘寮�(qi谩ng)浜�銆�
6. 绛旓細娼ゆ繒鎸囧浐楂旇垏娑查珨鎺ヨЦ鍚庨珨绯荤殑甯冨悏鏂嚜鐢辫兘闄嶄綆銆�
褰遍熆娼ゆ繒鐨勫洜绱犳湁锛�
鈶� 鍥洪珨琛ㄩ潰绮楃硻搴� 鐣�(d膩ng)鐪熷(sh铆)鎺ヨЦ瑙� 胃 灏忎簬 90掳鏅�(sh铆)锛岀矖绯欏害瓒婂ぇ锛岃〃闈㈡帴瑙歌瓒婂皬锛屽氨瓒�
瀹规槗婵曟饯锛涚暥(d膩ng) 胃 澶т簬 90掳锛屽墖绮楃硻搴﹁秺澶�锛岃秺涓嶅埄浜庢繒娼ゃ€�
鈶� 鍚搁檮鑶� 鍚搁檮鑶滅殑瀛樺湪浣挎帴瑙歌澧炲ぇ锛岃捣钁楅樆绀欎綔鐢ㄣ€�
7锛庤В锛�
鐣�(d膩ng) MgO 鍦ㄧ啍榛�(di菐n)鏅�(sh铆)锛屾櫠楂斿収(n猫i) Schottky 缂洪櫡婵冨害鐐猴細
鎵€浠ユ浣� MgO 鏅堕珨涓洿鑷� 3073K 浠嶇偤闈炴湰寰佹摯(ku貌)鏁�銆� M
3+
婵冨害鐐�
8锛庤В锛�800K 涓�锛� H R
0
298
? 锛�?1585.2?393.8锛�1207.5锛�911.5锛�140 kJ?mol
1?
RK .8 0 0
? ?? 锛�118.5+229.3-124.5-61.3锛�0.162 kJ(mol?K)
1?
0
TRG ?? 锛� H R
0
298
? -T RK .800
? ?? 锛�140-800*0.162锛�10.4kJ?mol
1?
锛�0
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓嶈兘鑷櫦(f膩)閫�(j矛n)琛�
9锛� 绛旓細鐢变簬鍥烘厠(t脿i)涓垎瀛愶紙鎴栧師瀛愶級鐨勭浉浜掑惛寮曪紝閫氶亷鍔犵啽锛屼娇绮夋湯楂旂敘(ch菐n)鐢熼绮掔矘绲�(ji茅)锛岀稉(j墨ng)閬�
鐗╄唱(zh矛)閬风Щ浣跨矇鏈珨鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷挤(qi谩ng)搴﹀苟灏�(d菐o)鑷磋嚧瀵嗗寲鍜屽啀绲�(ji茅)鏅剁殑閬庣▼绋辩偤鐕掔祼(ji茅)銆�
鍥烘厠(t脿i)鐕掔祼(ji茅)鐨勪富瑕佸偝璩�(zh矛)鏂瑰紡鏈夛細钂哥櫦(f膩)-鍑濊仛銆佹摯(ku貌)鏁ｅ偝璩�(zh矛)绛�銆傛恫鐩哥噿绲�(ji茅)鐨勪富瑕佸偝璩�(zh矛)鏂瑰紡鏈夋祦鍕�(d貌ng)鍌�
璩�(zh矛)鍜屾憾瑙�-娌夋穩鍌宠唱(zh矛)銆�
姗�(j墨)
鍒�
鐗�
榛�(di菐n)
钂哥櫦(f膩)-鍑濊仛
鈻矻/L=0
鎿�(ku貌)鏁�
涓績璺濈府鐭�
娴佸嫊(d貌ng)
娴佸嫊(d貌ng)骞跺紩璧烽绮掗噸鎺�
鑷村瘑鍖栭€熺巼楂�
婧惰В-娌夋穩
鍌宠唱(zh矛)鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍙堟槸鏅剁矑鐢熼暦
10锛庤В锛氱晫绶氫笂婧害涓嬮檷鐨勬柟鍚戝強鐣岀窔鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)瑕嬪湒涓婄闋�銆�
S锛� 涓夊厓涓嶄竴鑷寸啍鍖栧悎鐗�
3+ 4 4
[M ] 2 1 16 10 2 32 10. .
? ?
? ? ? ? ?
鑲栭洔
][][2]M[]M[ MgMgMg
3
VV ???????
??
4
Mg
10161
)
307331482
463000
exp(
)
2
exp(][
?
??
??
??
????
.
.
RT
H
V
f
?
鑲�
闆�
]2[]M[ MgMg
V ???
?
MgO ?
2 3 Mg Mg O
M O 2M 3OV ??? ??? ? ?
7
E1锛氫綆鍏辩啍榛�(di菐n)锛孡鈫扐锛婥锛婼
E2锛氫綆鍏辩啍榛�(di菐n)锛孡鈫払锛婥锛婼
E3锛氶洐杞�(zhu菐n)鐔旈粸(di菐n)锛孡锛婣锛婤鈫扴
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵�(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
