姝¤繋瑷晱鑰冪爺绉樼睄鑰冪爺缍�(w菐ng)!    鐮旂┒鐢熸嫑鐢熶俊鎭恫(w菐ng)    鑰冨崥鐪熼涓嬭級    鑰冪爺鐪熼涓嬭級    鍏ㄧ珯鏂囩珷绱㈠紩
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
   
  楂樼礆鎼滅储   

 鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 鑰冪爺绉樼睄鑰冪爺缍�(w菐ng) >> 鏂囩珷涓績 >> 灏堟キ(y猫)瑾� >> 姝f枃  2017骞存睙铇囧ぇ瀛�823浜ら€氬伐绋嬪鑰冪爺澶х侗

鏂拌仦璩囪▕
鏅€氭枃绔� 涓婃捣甯�50瀹跺柈浣嶇恫(w菐ng)涓婃帴鍙楀挩瑭㈠拰鍫卞悕
鏅€氭枃绔� 鍖椾含澶у鐢�“灏辨キ(y猫)涔嬪”鐮旂┒鐢熷皥鍫存嫑鑱樺牬闈㈢伀鐖�
鏅€氭枃绔� 寤堝ぇ濂崇爺绌剁敓琚妗堢祩瀵╁垽姹� 鍏囨墜琚垽姝诲垜
鏅€氭枃绔� 寤f澅鍏牎缍�(w菐ng)涓婅│榛炶€冪爺鍫卞悕灏囬枊濮�
鏅€氭枃绔� 2004骞寸ⅸ澹寳浜嫑鐢熷柈浣嶅牨鍚嶉粸涓€瑕�
鏅€氭枃绔� 娲涢櫧楂樻柊鍗€(q奴)21鍚嶇ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓琚仒鐐轰腑灞ら牁(l菒ng)灏�
鏅€氭枃绔� 娴欐睙鐪佺ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍫卞悕寰炰笅鍛ㄤ竴闁嬪
鏅€氭枃绔� 2004骞翠笂?锛熺礀^(q奴)缍�(w菐ng)涓婂牨鍚嶆檪闁撳畨鎺掕〃
鏅€氭枃绔� 寤f澅锛氱爺绌剁敓鍏ュ鑰冭│2003骞磋捣閲嶅ぇ瑾�(di脿o)鏁�
鏅€氭枃绔� 2004骞村叏鍦嬬爺鎷涗笂娴疯€冨崁(q奴)鍫卞悕榛炰竴瑕借〃
瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 瀵у澶у04骞寸ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 澶ч€i惖閬撳闄�04骞寸ⅸ澹帴鏀惰(di脿o)鍔戠敓婧愬熀鏈師鍓�
鏅€氭枃绔� 鍚夋灄澶у寤鸿ō(sh猫)宸ョ▼瀛搁櫌04骞寸爺绌剁敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 婧窞甯寖瀛搁櫌(婧窞澶у绫�)05鐮旂┒鐢熻(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 浣虫湪鏂ぇ瀛�04骞磋€冪爺瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 娌堥櫧寤虹瓚宸ョ▼瀛搁櫌04骞寸爺绌剁敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 澶╂触甯寖澶у鏀挎不鑸囪鏀垮闄�05骞寸ⅸ澹(di脿o)鍔戦渶姹�
鏅€氭枃绔� 绗簩蹇楁効鑰冪爺瑾�(di脿o)鍔戠▼搴忕瓟鐤�
鏅€氭枃绔� 涓婃捣澶у04骞寸爺绌剁敓鎷涙敹绲�(t菕ng)鑰冪敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�
鏅€氭枃绔� 寤hタ澶у04骞寸ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓瑾�(di脿o)鍔戜俊鎭�

鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級 

1
鐩寗
I 鑰冩煡鐩........................................................................................ 2
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) ..................................................................2
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�..................................................................................... 3
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�.................................................................3
2
鍏ㄥ湅纰╁+鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛哥当(t菕ng)涓€鑰冭│
銆婁氦閫氬伐绋嬪銆嬭€冭│澶х侗
I 鑰冩煡鐩
鐩殑鏄瀛�銆佸叕骞炽€佹湁鏁堝湴娓│鑰冪敓鏄惁鍏峰倷鏀昏畝鐩搁棞(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)纰╁+鎵€蹇呴爤鐨勫熀鏈礌璩�(zh矛)銆佷竴
鑸兘鍔涘拰鍩归(y菐ng)娼涜兘锛屼互鍒╃敤閬告嫈鍏锋湁鐧�(f膩)灞�?ji茅)鎽课﹁啲?y艒u)绉€浜烘墠鍏ュ锛岀偤鍦嬪鍩归(y菐ng)鍏锋湁杓冨挤鍒嗘瀽鑸�
瑙f焙瀵﹂殯鍟忛鑳藉姏鐨勯珮灞ゆ銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ瀷銆佸京鍚堝瀷鐨勪氦閫氬伐绋嬪皥妤�(y猫)浜烘墠?锛熻崥鍤媦瑭﹁€冪敓鎺屾彙浜ら€�
宸ョ▼鎵€娑夊強鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫鍙婁氦閫氱郴绲�(t菕ng)鍒嗘瀽鍩烘湰鏂规硶鐨勬墡瀵︾▼搴︼紝鑰冩煡鑰冪敓鑳界稖鍚堥亱
鐢ㄩ€欎簺姒傚康鑸囩悊璜栫櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)銆佸垎鏋愬拰瑙f焙浜ら€氬伐绋嬮牁(l菒ng)鍩�?q奴)宥婬鍟忛鐨勮兘鍔涖€�
鍏烽珨渚嗚銆傝姹傝€冪敓锛�
鎳�(y墨ng)瑭插皪浜ら€氭祦鐗规€�銆佷氦閫氬弮鏁�(sh霉)瑾�(di脿o)鏌ュ強瑷堢畻銆佷氦閫氭祦鐞嗚珫銆佷氦閫氳(gu墨)鍔冩柟娉曞強浜ら€氶渶姹傞爯娓�銆�
浜ら€氱鐞嗚垏鎺у埗鏂规硶鏈夊厖鍒嗙殑鐞嗚В鑸囨帉鎻°€傚悓鏅傚皪浜ら€氬畨鍏�銆佸仠杌婅ō(sh猫)鏂借(gu墨)鍔冦€侀亾璺€氳鑳藉姏
鍙婁氦閫氱挵(hu谩n)澧冧繚璀风瓑鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛簡瑙h垏鐔熸倝銆�
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佽│鍗锋豢鍒嗗強鑰冭│鏅傞枔
瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎鐐� 150 鍒�锛岃€冭│鏅傞枔 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
浜�銆佺瓟椤屾柟寮�
闁夊嵎銆佺瓎瑭�銆傚厑瑷变娇鐢ㄨ▓绠楀櫒锛屼絾涓嶅緱浣跨敤甯舵湁鍏紡鍜屾枃鏈瓨鍎插姛鑳界殑瑷堢畻鍣�銆�
涓�銆佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹硅垏椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
濉┖(10 鍊嬬┖ 锛屾瘡绌� 2 鍒嗭紝鍏� 20 鍒�)
鍒ゆ柗椤岋紙5 灏忛锛屾瘡椤� 3 鍒�锛屽叡 15 鍒嗭級
鍚嶈瑙i噵锛�5 灏忛锛屾瘡椤� 4 鍒�锛屽叡 20 鍒嗭級
閬告搰椤岋紙5 灏忛锛屾瘡椤� 4 鍒�锛屽叡 20 鍒嗭級
绨$瓟椤�(5 灏忛锛屾瘡椤� 5 鍒�锛� 鍏� 25 鍒�)
瑷堢畻椤�(2 灏忛锛屾瘡椤� 15 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒�)
缍滃悎椤�(1 灏忛锛屽叡 20 鍒�)
鍋囧姣忛鍒嗘暩(sh霉)鏈夎畩鍖�锛岃畩鍖栬寖鍦嶄害涓嶅ぇ銆�
3
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佷氦閫氭祦鐗规€э細浜�-杌�-璺熀鏈壒鎬с€佷氦閫氱壒寰佸弮鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫畾缇�銆佷氦閫氶噺鐗规€�銆佽杌婇€熷害鐗�
鎬с€佷氦閫氬瘑搴︾壒鎬�銆佷笁鍙冩暩(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
2銆佷氦閫氬弮鏁�(sh霉)瑾�(di脿o)鏌ヨ垏瑷堢畻锛氫氦閫氶噺銆佽绋嬫檪闁�銆侀€熷害銆佸瘑搴︺€侀€氳鑳藉姏銆侀=鍜屾祦閲忋€佸欢
瑾ょ瓑浜ら€氬弮閲忚(di脿o)鏌ョ殑鐩殑銆佽(di脿o)鏌ユ柟娉曘€佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铏曠悊鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆佹垚鏋滆〃閬斿舰寮忓強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
3銆佷氦閫氭祦鐞嗚珫锛氫氦閫氱壒鎬х当(t菕ng)瑷堝垎甯�銆佹帓闅婅珫銆佽窡杌婄悊璜�銆佹祦楂斿嫊鍔涘鐞嗚珫銆佹帓闅婄郴绲�(t菕ng)
鍜岃粖娴佹搧鎿�-娑堟暎閬庣▼鐨勫垎鏋愯▓绠楁柟娉�銆�
4銆侀亾璺€氳鑳藉姏锛氶亾璺€氳鑳藉姏鍜屾湇鍕�(w霉)姘村钩鐨勬蹇靛強鍒嗛銆侀亾璺矾娈甸€氳鑳藉姏瑷堢畻鏂�
娉�銆佸钩闈氦鍙夊彛閫氳鑳藉姏瑷堢畻鏂规硶銆佷氦绻斿崁(q奴)鍙婂対閬撻€氳鑳藉姏瑷堢畻鏂规硶銆佸叕浜ゃ€佽嚜琛岃粖鍙婅浜�
閫氳鑳藉姏鐨勫垎鏋愯▓绠楁柟娉�銆�
5銆佷氦閫氳(gu墨)鍔冩柟娉曞強浜ら€氶渶姹傞爯娓細浜ら€氳(gu墨)鍔冪殑绋嬪簭鍙婁氦閫氶爯娓殑鏂规硶銆佷氦閫氶噺闋愭脯鐨�
鈥滃洓闅庢妯″紡鈥�銆侀亾璺郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佸叕浜ゅ皥闋呭拰鍩庡競缍滃悎浜ら€氳(gu墨)鍔冪殑绋嬪簭銆佷氦閫氳(gu墨)鍔冭⿻鍍规柟娉�銆�
6銆佷氦閫氱鐞嗚垏鎺у埗锛氫氦閫氱鐞嗙殑鎵嬫鍙婁氦閫氶渶姹傜鐞嗙殑绛栫暐銆佷俊铏熸帶鍒跺熀鏈弮鏁�(sh霉)銆侀厤
鏅傝ō(sh猫)瑷堝拰閫氳鑳藉姏瑷堢畻銆佷氦閫氫俊铏熸劅鎳�(y墨ng)鎺у埗銆佲€滅窔鎺у埗鈥�銆佲€滈潰鎺у埗鈥濆熀鏈師鐞�銆�
7銆佷氦閫氬畨鍏細浜ら€氫簨鏁呮垚鍥犲垎鏋愭柟娉�銆佷氦閫氬畨鍏ㄨ⿻鍍规柟娉曘€佷氦閫氬畨鍏ㄦ敼鍠勬帾鏂�銆�
8銆佸仠杌婅ō(sh猫)鏂借(gu墨)鍔冿細鍋滆粖鍫撮鍨�銆佸姛鑳藉拰鍋滆粖鐗规€с€佸仠杌婅(di脿o)鏌ヨ垏鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶銆佸仠杌婂牬瑕�(gu墨)鍔�
瑷�(sh猫)瑷堢▼搴忓拰鏂规硶銆佽粖杓涘仠鏀剧壒榛炲強鍋滆粖鍫磋ō(sh猫)瑷�銆�
9銆佷氦閫氱挵(hu谩n)澧冧繚璀凤細:浜ら€氱挵(hu谩n)澧冩薄鏌撶殑椤炲瀷鍙婅垏浜ら€氭柟寮忕殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆佸ぇ姘f薄鏌�銆佸櫔闊虫薄鏌�銆�
鎸嫊姹℃煋鐨勫舰鎴愭鐞嗗強鎺у埗鎺柦銆�
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�
涓€锛庡~绌� (10 鍊嬬┖ 锛屾瘡绌� 2 鍒嗭紝鍏� 20 鍒�)
1銆� 鍏稿瀷鍩庡競璺恫(w菐ng)甯冨眬鏈夋鐩ゅ舰銆佸付褰€€佹斁灏勫舰銆佹斁灏勭挵(hu谩n)褰�銆�
2銆� 瑷�(sh猫)鏈変笁杓涙苯杌婏紝鍒嗗垾浠� 40锛�60锛�80km/h 鐨勯€熷害锛岄€氶亷璺▼闀峰害鐐� 15km 鐨勮矾娈�锛屽墖鍏跺崁(q奴)
闁撳钩鍧囪粖閫熺偤 55.4km/h銆�
3銆� 涓嬭〃鐐烘煇楂橀€熷叕璺娓氦閫氶噺锛屽彲鐭� 5min 楂樺嘲娴佺巼鐐� 2784 杓�/h锛�15min 楂樺嘲灏忔檪绯绘暩(sh霉)
鐐� 0.93銆�
绲�(t菕ng)瑷堟檪闁�
锛�8锛�00锝�9锛�
锝�
05
锝�
10
锝�
15
锝�
20
锝�
25
锝�
30
锝�
35
锝�
40
锝�
45
锝�
50
锝�
55
锝�
60
4
00锛�
5min
浜ら€氶噺
201 208 217 232 219 220 205 201 195 210 190 195
4銆� 鑻ヨ粖杓涘埌閬旂鍚堟硦鏉惧垎甯�锛屽墖杌婇牠鏅傝窛灏辨槸璨犳寚鏁�(sh霉)鍒嗗竷銆�
5銆� 瑷�(sh猫) M/M/1 绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫钩鍧囧埌閬旂巼鐐� 600 杓�/h锛屽钩鍧囨湇鍕�(w霉)鐜囩偤 800 杓�/h锛屼笖 位 1 B. PHF鈮�1 KD>1
C锛嶱HF鈮�1 KD2/3 鏅傘€�
3)灏嶅彧鑳藉竷缃鏁�(sh霉)杌婇亾鐨勯亾璺�锛屽湪閲囩敤闆欏悜閫氳涓嶅埄浜庣櫦(f膩)鎻亾璺殑浣滅敤鎴栨煇涓€杌婇亾涓嶅ソ
鍒╃敤鏅傦紝鍙祫绻斿柈鍚戜氦閫�銆�
4)闆欏悜閫氳澶ф祦閲忕殑涓诲共閬撳叐鍋�(c猫)鐨勮紨閬撴垨娆¤閬撹矾濡傛帴杩戜簬骞宠鐨勫彲绲勭箶鍠悜浜ら€氥€�
5)灞呮皯鍗€(q奴)鑸囦富瑕侀€氬嫟閬撹矾绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽彲鑰冩叜闁嬭緹鑷杌婂柈鍚戜氦閫氭垨澶氱ó褰㈠紡鐨勫柈琛岀窔銆�
鍏€佽▓绠楅(2 灏忛锛屾瘡椤� 15 鍒嗭紝鍏� 30 鍒�)
1銆佽粖杓涘钩鍧囬暦搴� L=6.1m锛岀暥 K=Kj 鏅�锛岀浉閯拌粖杓涢枔骞冲潎璺濋洟 d=1.95m銆傜暥杌婃祦閲忔渶澶ф檪锛屽钩
鍧囪粖闋檪璺� ht=1.5s銆傛眰鈶燪(m脿o)m銆並m銆乂m锛涒憽鑻� K=30 杓�/鍏噷鏅�锛屾眰 Q銆乂锛涒憿鑻� K=106.6 杓�/
鍏噷鏅傦紝姹� Q銆乂銆�
瑙o細鈶犲钩鍧囪粖闋枔璺� hd=L+d=6.1+1.95=8.05(m)
Kj=1000/hd=1000/8.05=124 杓�/鍏噷
Km=Kj/2=124/2=62 杓�/鍏噷
7
Qm=3600/ht=3600/1.5=2400 杓�/灏忔檪
Vm=Qm/Km=2400/62=38.4km/h
鈶�銆� 鈶� 鍒╃敤 Q=Vf脳(K-K2/Kj)锛孷f=2Vm锛孷=Vf脳(1-K/Kj)鍗冲彲姹�銆�
2銆佽粖娴佸湪涓€姊� 6 杌婇亾鐨勫叕璺笂鏆㈤€氳椐�锛屽叾閫熷害鐐� V=80km/h銆傝矾涓婃湁搴� 4 杌婇亾鐨勬⿱锛屾瘡杌�
閬撶殑閫氳鑳藉姏鐐� 1940 杓�/h锛岄珮宄版檪杌婃祦閲忕偤 4200 杓�/h锛堝柈鍚戯級銆傚湪閬庢浮娈电殑杌婇€熼檷鑷� 22km/h锛�
閫欐ǎ鎸佺簩(x霉)浜� 1.69h锛岀劧鍚庤粖娴侀噺娓涘埌 1956 杓�/h锛堝柈鍚戯級銆傝│浼拌▓姗嬪墠鐨勮粖杓涙帓闅婇暦搴﹀拰闃诲
鏅傞枔銆�
瑙o細1锛夎▓绠楁帓闅婇暦搴�
锛�1锛夊湪鑳芥殺閫氳椐涚殑杌婇亾閲屾矑鏈夊牭濉炵従(xi脿n)璞�锛屽叾瀵嗗害鐐�
K1=q1/v1=4200/80=53 杓�/km
锛�2锛夊湪閬庢浮娈�锛岀敱浜庤┎铏曞彧鑳介€氶亷 1940脳2=3880 杓�/h锛岃€岀従(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ嵒闇€瑕侀€氶亷 4200 杓�
/h锛屾晠鍑虹従(xi脿n)鎿佹摖锛屽叾瀵嗗害鐐�
K2=q2/v2=3880/22=177 杓�/km
鍓� Vw=锛坬2-q1锛�/锛坘2-k1锛�=-2.58km/h
姝よ檿鐨勫钩鍧囨帓闅婇暦搴︾偤 L=锛�0脳1.69+2.58脳1.69锛�/2=2.18km
2锛夎▓绠楅樆鍫垫檪闁�
锛�1锛夋帓闅婃秷鏁f檪闁�
鎺掗殜杌婅紱鐐猴紙q1-q2锛壝�1.69=锛�4200-3880锛壝�1.69=541 杓�
鐤忔暎杌婅紱鐐� q3-q2=1956-3880=-1924 杓�/h
鎺掗殜娑堟暎鏅傞枔 t鈥�=锛坬1-q2锛壝�1.69// q3-q2/=541/1924=0.28h
锛�2锛夐樆濉炴檪闁�
T=t鈥�+1.69=1.97h
涓�銆佺稖鍚堥(1 灏忛锛屽叡 20 鍒�)
鍒嗘瀽鎴戝湅鍩庡競浜ら€氶潰鑷ㄧ殑涓昏鍟忛锛屽苟鎻愬嚭鎮ㄧ殑瑕嬭В鍙婅В姹烘柟妗堝拰鎬濊矾銆傦紙绛旀鐣ワ級銆�

鍏嶈铂鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�

  • 涓婁竴绡囨枃绔狅細

  • 涓嬩竴绡囨枃绔狅細
  • 鑰冨崥鍜ㄨQQ 3455265070 榛炴搳閫欓噷绲︽垜鐧�(f膩)娑堟伅 鑰冪爺鍜ㄨ QQ 3455265070 榛炴搳閫欓噷绲︽垜鐧�(f膩)娑堟伅 閮电锛� 3455265070@qq.com
    鍏徃鍚嶇ū:鏄嗗北鍓�(chu脿ng)閰蜂俊鎭鎶€鏈夐檺鍏徃 鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈�
    鑰冪爺绉樼睄缍�(w菐ng) 鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鎵€鏈� © kaoyanmiji.com All Rights Reserved
    鑱叉槑锛氭湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欏皧閲嶅苟淇濊鐭ヨ瓨鐢�(ch菐n)娆�(qu谩n)锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)銆婁俊鎭恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍌虫挱娆�(qu谩n)淇濊姊濅緥銆嬶紝濡傛灉鎴戝€戣綁(zhu菐n)杓夋垨寮曠敤鐨勪綔鍝佷镜鐘簡鎮ㄧ殑娆�(qu谩n)鍒�锛岃珛閫氱煡鎴戝€�锛屾垜鍊戞渻鍙婃檪鍒櫎锛�