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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
1
鐩寗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)........................................................................................ 2
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) ..................................................................2
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�..................................................................................... 2
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�.................................................................2
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鍏ㄥ湅纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)绲�(t菕ng)涓€鑰冭│
銆婂井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)
銆婂井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)銆嬫槸椋熷搧绉戝(xu茅)鑸囧伐绋嬮銆佺敓鐗╁(xu茅)椤炲皥妤�(y猫)鐨勯噸瑕佸皥妤�(y猫)鍩虹(ch菙)瑾茬▼锛岄鍝佺瀛�(xu茅)鑸囧伐
绋嬮銆佺敓鐗╁(xu茅)椤炲皥妤�(y猫)楂樺堡娆′汉鎵嶅繀闋堟帉鎻″井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)鐞嗚珫鑸囧(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎶€琛�(sh霉)?锛佹鈶割対椋砏(xu茅)銆嬬ⅸ
澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│鏃ㄥ湪鑰冩煡鑰冪敓鏄惁鎺屾彙寰敓鐗╃殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺敓鐞嗙敓鍖�銆佺敓闀风箒娈�銆侀伜鍌宠畩
鐣般€佺敓鎱�(t脿i)鍒嗗竷銆佸偝鏌撳厤鐤�銆佸垎椤為憭瀹氫互鍙婂井鐢熺墿澶氭ǎ鎬х瓑鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫鍜屽熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨锛涙槸鍚︾啛鎮夊井
鐢熺墿鐨勫熀鏈壒鎬у強鍏剁敓鍛芥椿鍕曡(gu墨)寰�锛涙槸鍚︿簡瑙ｈ┎瀛�(xu茅)绉戠殑鐧�(f膩)灞曞墠娌垮拰鐔遍粸(di菐n)鍟忛浠ュ強鍦ㄥ伐妤�(y猫)銆佽静(n贸ng)
妤�(y猫)銆侀啱(y墨)瀛�(xu茅)绛夐牁(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紱鏄惁鍏锋湁鍒╃敤寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐨勬蹇佃垏鐞嗚珫鍒嗘瀽瑙ｆ焙鐝�(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)涓井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)
鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍟忛鐨勮兘鍔�銆�
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佽│鍗锋豢鍒嗗強鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�
瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎鐐� 150 鍒�锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁� 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
浜屻€佺瓟椤屾柟寮�
闁夊嵎銆佺瓎瑭︺€傚厑瑷变娇鐢ㄨ▓(j矛)绠楀櫒锛屼絾涓嶅緱浣跨敤甯舵湁鍏紡鍜屾枃鏈瓨鍎插姛鑳界殑瑷�(j矛)绠楀櫒銆�
涓�銆佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹硅垏椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
濉┖椤岋紙姣忕┖ 1 鍒�锛屽叡 40 鍒嗭級
鍚嶈瑙ｉ噵锛堟瘡椤� 3 鍒�锛屽叡 30 鍒嗭級
绨＄瓟椤岋紙姣忛 5 鍒嗭紝 鍏� 30 鍒嗭級
鍟忕瓟椤岋紙姣忛 10 鍒�锛� 鍏� 40 鍒嗭級
缈昏椤岋紙姣忛 1 鍒�锛� 鍏� 10 鍒嗭級鎴�?q奴)宥�?y脿n)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)椤岋紙10 鍒嗭級
鍋囧姣忛鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)鏈夎畩鍖栵紝璁婂寲鑼冨湇浜︿笉澶�銆�
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1.寰敓鐗╄垏浜洪锛氬井鐢熺墿鐨勫畾缇�锛涘井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫缓绔嬭垏鐧�(f膩)灞曟绋�锛涘井鐢熺墿鑸囦汉椤炵殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛�
寰敓鐗╃殑椤炵兢鑸囩壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
2.鍘熸牳寰敓鐗╃殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)銆佹(g貌u)閫犲拰鍔熻兘锛氱窗(x矛)鑿岃垏鍙よ弻鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)銆佹(g貌u)閫犲強鍏跺姛鑳�锛涙斁绶氳弻锛涜棈(l谩n)绱�(x矛)
鑿岋紱鏀師楂�锛涚珛鍏嬫姘忛珨锛涜。鍘熼珨銆�
3.鐪熸牳寰敓鐗╃殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)銆佹(g貌u)閫犲拰鍔熻兘锛氶叺姣嶈弻鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)銆佹(g貌u)閫犮€佺箒娈栨柟寮忚垏鐢熸椿鍙�锛涢湁鑿岀殑
鍊嬮珨褰㈡厠(t脿i)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀箒娈栨柟寮�锛涢湁鑿岀殑鑿岃惤鐗瑰緛锛涘柈绱�(x矛)鑳炶椈椤炵殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)銆�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀ó椤�锛涘師鐢熷嫊鐗╃殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀ó椤�锛涚矘鑿岀殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺ó
椤炶垏鐢熸椿鍙�銆�
4.鐥呮瘨鍜屼簽鐥呮瘨鍥犲瓙锛氱梾姣掔殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧垎椤�锛涗簽鐥呮瘨鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧垎椤烇紱鐥呮瘨鐨�
鐢熸椿鍙�銆�
5.寰敓鐗╃殑鐕熼(y菐ng)鍜屽煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩猴細寰敓鐗╃殑鍏ó鐕熼(y菐ng)瑕佺礌锛涘井鐢熺墿鐨勭嚐椁�(y菐ng)椤炲瀷锛涚嚐椁�(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)閫�(j矛n)鍏�
绱�(x矛)鑳炵殑鏂瑰紡锛涘煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩恒€�
6.寰敓鐗╃殑鏂伴櫝浠ｈ瑵锛氬井鐢熺墿鐨勮兘閲忎唬璎�锛涘垎瑙ｄ唬璎濆拰鍚堟垚浠ｈ瑵鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯伙紱寰敓鐗╃崹(d煤)鐗瑰悎
鎴愪唬璎濋€斿緫锛涘井鐢熺墿鐨勪唬璎濊(di脿o)鎺ц垏鐧�(f膩)閰电敓鐢�(ch菐n)銆�
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7.寰敓鐗╃殑鐢熼暦鍙婂叾鎺у埗锛氬井鐢熺墿鐢熼暦鐨勬脯瀹�锛涘井鐢熺墿鐨勭敓闀疯(gu墨)寰�锛涘奖闊垮井鐢熺墿鐢熼暦鐨�
涓昏鍥犵礌锛涘井鐢熺墿鍩归(y菐ng)娉�锛涙湁瀹冲井鐢熺墿鐨勬帶鍒�銆�
8.寰敓鐗╃殑閬哄偝璁婄暟鍜岃偛绋細閬哄偝璁婄暟鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)鍩虹(ch菙)锛涘熀鍥犵獊璁婂拰瑾樿畩鑲茬ó锛涘熀鍥犻噸绲勫拰
闆滀氦鑲茬ó锛涘熀鍥犲伐绋�锛涜弻绋殑琛伴€€銆佸京(f霉)澹拰淇濊棌銆�
9.寰敓鐗╃殑鐢熸厠(t脿i)锛氬井鐢熺墿鍦ㄨ嚜鐒剁晫涓殑鍒嗗竷鑸囪弻绋硣婧愰枊鐧�(f膩)锛涘井鐢熺墿鑸囩敓鐗╃挵(hu谩n)澧冮枔鐨勭浉
浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涘井鐢熺墿鐨勫湴鐞冨寲瀛�(xu茅)浣滅敤锛涘井鐢熺墿鑸囩挵(hu谩n)澧冧繚璀�(h霉)銆�
10.鍌虫煋鑸囧厤鐤細鍌虫煋锛涢潪鐗圭暟鎬у厤鐤�锛涚壒鐣版€у厤鐤紱鍏嶇柅瀛�(xu茅)鏂规硶鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢紱鐢熺墿鍒跺搧鍙�
鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
11.寰敓鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜岄憭瀹氾細閫氱敤鍒嗛鍠厓锛涘井鐢熺墿鍦ㄧ敓鐗╃晫鐨勫湴浣�锛涘悇澶ч寰敓鐗╃殑鍒�
椤炵郴绲�(t菕ng)缍辫锛涘井鐢熺墿鍒嗛閼掑畾鐨勬柟娉�銆�
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�
涓€銆佸～绌洪锛堟瘡绌� 1 鍒�锛屽叡 40 鍒嗭級
1銆佸井鐢熺墿锛坢icroorganism锛夋槸 涓€鍒囪倝鐪肩湅涓嶈鎴栫湅涓嶆竻妤氱殑寰皬鐢熺墿 鐨勭附绋�锛屼富瑕佸寘鎷�
灞簬鍘熸牳椤炵殑绱�(x矛)鑿屻€佸彜鑿�銆佹斁绶氳弻銆佽棈(l谩n)绱�(x矛)鑿�銆佹敮鍘熼珨銆佺珛鍏嬫楂斿拰琛ｅ師楂�锛涘爆浜庣湡鏍搁鐨勭湡
鑿�銆� 鍘熺敓鍕曠墿 鍜� 椤井钘婚 锛涗互鍙婂爆浜庨潪绱�(x矛)鑳為鐨勭梾姣掑拰浜炵梾姣�銆�
2銆佸井鐢熺墿鍏锋湁妤甸珮鐨勭敓闀峰拰绻佹畺閫熷害锛屽湪鍚堥仼鐨勭敓闀锋浠朵笅锛� Escherichia coli 鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炲垎瑁�
1 娆￠渶 12.5-20 min锛岃€� Saccharomyces cerevisiae 鍓囬渶瑕� 120 min銆�
3銆佺窗(x矛)鑿岃偨鑱氱硸鐨勫绯栭鏋剁敱 N-涔欓叞钁¤悇绯栬兒 鍜� N-涔欓叞鑳炲閰� 绲勬垚锛涜€屽彜鑿屽亣鑲借仛绯栫殑
澶氱硸楠ㄦ灦鍓囩敱 N-涔欓叞钁¤悇绯栬兒 鍜� N-涔欓叞濉旂緟绯栬兒绯栭啗閰� 绲勬垚銆�
4銆�1974 骞达紝缇庡湅瀛�(xu茅)鑰� M. Silverman 鍜� M. Simon 閫氶亷鈥滈€嗗悜鎬濈董鈥濇柟寮忓壍(chu脿ng)閫犳€у湴瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)浜嗕竴
鍊嬪阀濡欑殑鈥滄嫶鑿屸€濊│椹�(y脿n)锛坱ethered-cell experiment锛�锛屽緸鑰岃瓑瀵�(sh铆)浜嗚В閲嬮灜姣涢亱(y霉n)鍕曟(j墨)鍒垛€滄棆杞�(zhu菐n)璜栤€�
璜栫殑姝ｇ⒑鎬с€�
5銆丼accharomyces cerevisiae 绱�(x矛)鑳炲涓昏鎴愬垎鐐衡€滈叺姣嶇簴缍礌鈥�锛屽憟鈥滀笁鏄庢不鈥濈媭鈥斺€斿灞ょ偤
鐢橀湶鑱氱硸 锛屽収(n猫i)灞ょ偤 钁¤仛绯� 锛屼腑闁撳ぞ钁椾竴灞よ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)銆�
6銆侀鐥呮瘨鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鏈唱(zh矛)鏄� RNA 锛岃€屾湂鐥呮瘨鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鏈唱(zh矛)鏄� 铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛) 銆�
7銆佹寜浜哄€戝皪鍩归(y菐ng)鍩烘垚鍒嗙殑浜嗚В绋嬪害渚嗗垎锛岀墰鑲夎啅铔嬬櫧鑳ㄥ煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩哄爆浜� 澶╃劧鍩归(y菐ng)鍩� 鍩归(y菐ng)鍩�锛�
楂樻皬涓€铏熷煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩哄爆浜� 绲勫悎鍩归(y菐ng)鍩猴紙鍚堟垚鍩归(y菐ng)鍩猴級 鍩归(y菐ng)鍩�锛岄Μ閳磋柉鍩归(y菐ng)鍩哄爆浜� 鍗婄祫鍚堝煿
椁�(y菐ng)鍩猴紙鍗婂悎鎴愬煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩猴級 鍩归(y菐ng)鍩�銆�
8銆佸父鐢ㄤ簬閼掑垾椋茬敤姘翠腑澶ц吀鑿岀兢鐨� EMB 鍩归(y菐ng)鍩轰腑鐨勫叐绋煋鏂欏垎鍒ユ槸 浼婄磪 Y 鍜� 缇庤棈(l谩n) 銆�
9銆丒D 閫斿緫鐨勭壒寰佹€ч叾鏄� KDPG 閱涚府閰� 銆�
10銆佺墰濂�銆侀啲娌圭殑娑堟瘨甯搁噰鐢� 宸存皬娑堟瘨 娉�锛涢２鐢ㄦ按鐨勬秷姣掑父閲囩敤 鐓哺娑堟瘨 娉�锛涘煿
椁�(y菐ng)纭窗(x矛)鑿岀殑鍚～鍩归(y菐ng)鍩哄父閲囩敤 闁撴瓏婊呰弻锛堝垎娈垫粎鑿�銆佷竵閬�(d谩)鐖炬粎鑿岋級 娉�銆�
11銆丄spergillus nidulans 鐨勬簴(zh菙n)鎬х敓娈栫殑閬庣▼鍒嗙偤 鑿岀挡鑱�(li谩n)绲�(ji茅) 銆� 褰㈡垚鐣版牳楂� 銆� 鏍歌瀺鍚堬紙鏍�
閰嶏級銆� 楂旂窗(x矛)鑳炰氦鎻涳紙鏈夌挡鍒嗚浜ゆ彌锛� 鍜� 鍠€嶉珨鍖� 銆�
12銆佺敓鐗╅枔鐨勭浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯绘棦澶氭ǎ鍙堝京(f霉)闆�锛屽井鐢熺墿涔嬮枔浠ュ強寰敓鐗╄垏鍏跺畠鐢熺墿涔嬮枔鏈€鍏稿瀷鍜岄噸瑕�
鐨勪簲绋浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯诲垎鍒ユ槸 浜掔敓 銆� 鍏辩敓 銆� 瀵勭敓 銆� 鎷姉 銆� 鎹曢 銆�
13銆佹姉鍘� (antigen)鏄竴椤炶兘瑾樺皫(d菐o)姗�(j墨)楂旂敘(ch菐n)鐢熼珨娑叉姉楂斿拰绱�(x矛)鑳炲厤鐤噳(y墨ng)绛旓紝骞惰兘鑸囨姉楂斿拰鑷存晱娣�
4
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9銆佸鐕熼(y菐ng)鍨嬪井鐢熺墿(Oligotrophic microorganisms)锛氬彧鏈夊湪鍩归(y菐ng)鐨勯(y菐ng)鍒嗛潪甯镐綆鐨勬浠朵笅鎵嶈兘鐢�
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寰�锛屽鏋滃吀鍨嬬殑褰㈡厠(t脿i)鐗瑰緛閫愭几娓涘皯锛屽氨琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)鐐鸿“閫€銆�
锛�2锛夌敓闀烽€熷害绶╂參锛岀敘(ch菐n)瀛㈠瓙瓒婁締瓒婂皯銆�
锛�3锛変唬璎濈敘(ch菐n)鐗╃敓鐢�(ch菐n)鑳藉姏鐨勪笅闄�锛屽嵆鍑虹従(xi脿n)璨�(f霉)绐佽畩銆�
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寰楁寚鍑虹殑鏄�锛屾湁鏅�(sh铆)鍩归(y菐ng)姊濅欢鐨勬敼璁婃垨闆滆弻姹℃煋绛夊師鍥犳渻閫犳垚鑿岀ó琛伴€€鐨勫亣璞�锛屽洜姝ゅ湪瀵�(sh铆)
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6
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绛旓細
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锛�2锛夌敘(ch菐n)閰搁殠娈碉細鍘哀鐨勭敘(ch菐n)姘敘(ch菐n)涔欓吀鑿岀兢鍒╃敤绗竴闅庢鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍚勭ó鏈夋(j墨)閰�锛屽垎瑙ｆ垚
涔欓吀銆丠2 鍜� CO2 銆�
锛�3锛夌敘(ch菐n)姘ｉ殠娈碉細鍤�(y谩n)鏍煎幁姘х殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢茬兎鑿岀兢锛坢ethanogens锛夊埄鐢ㄤ竴纰冲寲鍚堢墿锛圕O2銆�
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6銆佺啊杩颁笁鍩�?q奴)W瑾殑涓昏鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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搴忓垪锛屾彁鍑轰簡涓€绋垏浠ュ線鍚勭ó鐣岀礆鍒嗛涓嶅悓鐨勬柊绯荤当(t菕ng)鈥斺€斾笁鍩�?q奴)W瑾�(Tree Domains
Theory)銆備笁鍩�?q奴)W瑾富瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹癸細涓夊煙鏄窗(x矛)鑿屽煙(Bacteria)銆佸彜鑿屽煙(Archaea) 銆佺湡鏍哥敓鐗╁煙
(Eukarya)銆傜従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑涓€鍒囩敓鐗╅兘鐢变竴绋叡鍚岄仩(yu菐n)绁�(universal ancestor)閫�(j矛n)鍖栬€屼締锛屽畠鍘熸槸涓€绋�
灏忕窗(x矛)鑳�锛屽厛鍚庡垎鍖栧嚭绱�(x矛)鑿屽拰鍙よ弻閫欏叐椤炲師鏍哥敓鐗�锛屽悗渚嗗湪鍙よ弻鍒嗘敮涓婄殑绱�(x矛)鑳炲厛鍚庡悶鍣簡
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鑸囧涓荤窗(x矛)鑳為洠鍒嗛洠瑙ｇ殑绱�(x矛)鑳炲櫒鈥斺€旇憠缍犻珨鍜岀窔绮掗珨锛屼簬鏄紝瀹夸富鏈€绲備篃灏辩櫦(f膩)灞曟垚鐐哄悇椤�
鐪熸牳鐢熺墿銆�
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绛旓細
锛�1锛夊井鐢熺墿鐨勯珮瀵嗗害鍩归(y菐ng)锛坔igh cell-density culture, HCDC锛変篃绋遍珮瀵嗗害鐧�(f膩)閰碉紝涓€
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鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�
锛�2锛変笉鍚屽井鐢熺墿鐨勮弻绋拰鍚岀ó鐨勪笉鍚岃弻鏍�锛屽湪閬�(d谩)鍒伴珮瀵嗗害鐨勬按骞充笂宸垾妤靛ぇ銆�
锛�3锛変繚璀夊ソ姘ц弻鐨勯珮瀵嗗害鍩归(y菐ng)鐨勬帾鏂斤細閬稿彇鏈€浣冲煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩烘垚鍒嗗拰鍚勭ó鎴愬垎鍚噺锛涜(b菙)
鏂�锛涙彁楂樻憾瑙ｆ哀鐨勬績搴�锛涢槻姝㈡湁瀹充唬璎濈敘(ch菐n)鐗╃殑鐢熸垚銆�
2銆佽│杩拌晥鑿岀櫦(f膩)鑲查亷绋嬩腑鑿岀挡鍒嗗寲鐨勪富瑕侀殠娈靛強鐗瑰緛銆�
绛旓細鍦ㄨ晥鑿岀殑鐧�(f膩)鑲查亷绋嬩腑锛屽叾鑿岀挡鐨勫垎鍖栧彲鏄庨’鍦板垎鎴� 5 鍊嬮殠娈碉細
锛�1锛夊舰鎴愪竴绱氳弻绲诧細鎿�(d膩n)瀛㈠瓙钀岀櫦(f膩)锛屽舰鎴愮敱瑷卞鍠牳绱�(x矛)鑳炴(g貌u)鎴愮殑鑿岀挡锛岀ū涓€绱氳弻绲�锛涳紙2锛夊舰
鎴愪簩绱氳弻绲诧細涓嶅悓鎬у垾鐨勪竴绱氳弻绲茬櫦(f膩)鐢熸帴鍚堝悗锛岄€氶亷璩�(zh矛)閰嶅舰鎴愪簡鐢遍洐鏍哥窗(x矛)鑳炴(g貌u)鎴愮殑浜岀礆鑿岀挡锛�
瀹冮€氶亷鐛�(d煤)鐗圭殑鈥滈帠鐙€鑱�(li谩n)鍚堚€�锛屽嵆褰㈡垚鍠�?f脿n)閽旈粍楦差壊B鍚堝叐鍊嬬窗(x矛)鑳炵殑鏂瑰紡涓嶆柗浣块洐鏍哥窗(x矛)鑳炲垎瑁�锛屽緸
鑰屼娇鑿岀挡灏栫涓嶆柗鍚戝墠寤朵几锛�
锛�3锛夊舰鎴愪笁绱氳弻绲诧細鍒版浠跺悎閬╂檪(sh铆)锛屽ぇ閲忕殑浜岀礆鑿岀挡鍒嗗寲鐐哄绋弻绲叉潫锛屽嵆鐐轰笁绱氳弻绲�锛�
锛�4锛夊舰鎴愬瓙瀵�(sh铆)楂旓細鑿岀挡鏉熷湪閬╁疁姊濅欢涓嬫渻褰㈡垚鑿岃暰锛岀劧鍚庡啀鍒嗗寲銆佽啫澶ф垚澶у瀷瀛愬(sh铆)楂�锛�
锛�5锛夌敘(ch菐n)鐢熸摂(d膩n)瀛㈠瓙锛氬瓙瀵�(sh铆)楂旀垚鐔熷悗锛岄洐鏍歌弻绲茬殑闋傜鑶ㄥぇ锛岀窗(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)璁婃績鍘�锛屽湪鑶ㄥぇ鐨勭窗(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)
鐧�(f膩)鐢熸牳閰嶅舰鎴愪簩鍊嶉珨鐨勬牳銆備簩鍊嶉珨鐨勬牳缍�(j墨ng)閬庢笡鏁�(sh霉)鍒嗚鍜屾湁绲插垎瑁傦紝褰㈡垚 4 鍊嬪柈鍊嶉珨瀛愭牳銆傞€�
鏅�(sh铆)闋傜鑶ㄥぇ绱�(x矛)鑳炵櫦(f膩)鑲茬偤鎿�(d膩n)瀛�锛屾摂(d膩n)瀛愪笂閮ㄩ毃鍗崇獊鍑� 4 鍊嬫锛屾瘡鍊嬪柈鍊嶉珨瀛愭牳閫�(j矛n)鍏ヤ竴鍊嬪皬姊楀収(n猫i)锛�
灏忔闋傜鑶ㄨ劰鐢熸垚鎿�(d膩n)瀛㈠瓙銆�
7
3銆佽│杩伴潻铇皬鏌撹壊鐨勫師鐞�銆侀亷绋嬪強娉ㄦ剰浜嬮爡(xi脿ng)銆�
绛旓細
锛�1锛夐潻铇皬鏌撹壊鐨勫師鐞嗭細閫氶亷鍒濇煋鍜屽獟鏌撴搷浣滃悗锛屽湪绱�(x矛)鑿岀窗(x矛)鑳炵殑鑶滄垨鍘熺敓璩�(zh矛)楂斾笂鏌撲笂浜嗕笉
婧朵簬姘寸殑绲�(ji茅)鏅剁传鑸囩鐨勫ぇ鍒嗗瓙寰�(f霉)鍚堢墿銆傞潻铇皬闄芥€х窗(x矛)鑿岀敱浜庣窗(x矛)鑳炲杓冨帤銆佽偨鑱氱硸鍚噺杓冮珮鍜�
鍏跺垎瀛愪氦鑱�(li谩n)搴﹁純绶婂瘑锛屾晠鍦ㄤ箼閱囨礂鑴檪(sh铆)锛岃偨鑱氱硸缍�(w菐ng)瀛旀渻鍥犺劔姘磋€屾槑椤敹绺紝鍐嶅姞涓婂畠鍩烘湰涓�
涓嶅惈椤炶剛锛屾晠涔欓唶铏曠悊涓嶈兘鍦ㄥ涓婃憾鍑虹斧闅�锛屽洜姝�锛岀祼(ji茅)鏅剁传鑸囩鐨勫ぇ鍒嗗瓙寰�(f霉)鍚堢墿浠嶇墷鐗㈤樆鐣�
鍦ㄥ叾绱�(x矛)鑳炲鍏�(n猫i)锛屼娇鍏跺憟鐝�(xi脿n)绱壊銆傚弽涔�锛岄潻铇皬闄版€х窗(x矛)鑿岀敱浜庣窗(x矛)鑳炲钖勩€佽偨鑱氱硸鍚噺浣庡拰浜よ伅(li谩n)
鏉炬暎锛屾晠鍦ㄤ箼閱囨礂鑴檪(sh铆)锛岃偨鑱氱硸缍�(w菐ng)瀛斾笉鏄撴敹绺�锛屽姞涓婂畠鐨勯鑴傚惈閲忛珮锛屾墍浠ョ暥(d膩ng)涔欓唶鎶婇鑴傛憾
瑙ｅ悗锛屽湪绱�(x矛)鑳炲涓婂氨鏈冨嚭鐝�(xi脿n)杓冨ぇ绺殭锛岄€欐ǎ绲�(ji茅)鏅剁传鑸囩鐨勫ぇ鍒嗗瓙寰�(f霉)鍚堢墿灏辨サ鏄撹婧跺嚭绱�(x矛)鑳炲锛�
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鈶犳秱鐗�
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鈶㈠垵鏌擄細绲�(ji茅)鏅剁传锛�1~2 min
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鈶よ劔鑹诧細95%涔欓唶锛�20~30 sec
鈶ュ京(f霉)鏌擄細鐣磪锛�1~2 min
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鈶㈣劔鑹叉檪(sh铆)闁撲笉瀹滃お闀�锛岃劔鑹叉恫娴佸嚭鐒¤棈(l谩n)鑹叉檪(sh铆)锛屽嵆绲傛鑴壊锛岀敤姘存矕娲椼€�
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绛旓細
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娉曠殑鐧�(f膩)鏄庡拰寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)娌荤檪鍔戠殑鏅強銆佹姉鐢熺礌鐨勫ぇ瑕�(gu墨)妯＄敓鐢�(ch菐n)鍜屾帹寤ｃ€佸埄鐢ㄥ伐绋嬭弻鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鐢�
鍖栬棩鐗╃瓑锛屼娇寰敓鐗╁紩璧风殑鍌虫煋鐥呭緱鍒拌純濂界殑鎺у埗锛屼汉椤炲仴搴锋按骞冲ぇ骞呮彁楂�銆�
锛�2锛夊井鐢熺墿鑸囧伐妤�(y猫)鐧�(f膩)灞�銆傞鍝侀槻鑵愭妧琛�(sh霉)銆侀噣閫犳妧琛�(sh霉)銆佸幁姘х櫦(f膩)閰垫妧琛�(sh霉)銆佹繁灞ょ櫦(f膩)閰垫妧琛�(sh霉)銆佷唬璎�
瑾�(di脿o)鎺х櫦(f膩)閰垫妧琛�(sh霉)绛夊井鐢熺墿宸ユキ(y猫)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛屼績閫�(j矛n)浜洪缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)銆佺敓娲绘彁鍗�銆�
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