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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
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鐩寗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)........................................................................................ 2
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) ..................................................................2
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�..................................................................................... 2
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�.................................................................2
2
鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)绲�(t菕ng)涓€鑰冭│
鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│澶х侗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)
鐩殑鏄瀛�(xu茅)銆佸叕骞�銆佹湁鏁堝湴娓�(c猫)瑭﹁€冪敓鏄惁鍏峰倷鏀昏畝鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)鑸囧垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)灏�(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)纰╁＋鎵€蹇�
闋堢殑鍩烘湰绱犺唱(zh矛)銆佷竴鑸兘鍔涘拰鍩归(y菐ng)娼涜兘锛屼互鍒╃敤閬告嫈鍏锋湁鐧�(f膩)灞�?ji茅)鎽课﹁啲?y艒u)绉€浜烘墠鍏ュ(xu茅)锛岀偤鍦�(gu贸)瀹剁殑
缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)寤鸿ō(sh猫)鍩归(y菐ng)鍏锋湁鑹ソ鑱锋キ(y猫)閬撳痉銆佹硶鍒惰(gu膩n)蹇靛拰鍦�(gu贸)闅涜閲庛€佸叿鏈夎純寮�(qi谩ng)鍒嗘瀽鑸囪В姹哄(sh铆)闅涘晱(w猫n)椤岃兘鍔�
鐨勯珮灞ゆ銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ瀷銆佸京(f霉)鍚堝瀷鐨勫皥(zhu膩n)妤�(y猫)浜烘墠銆傚叿楂旇€冭│瑕佹眰锛�
1. 鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)銆佹蹇靛拰鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍘熺悊鐨勭悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙
2. 鎺屾彙鐢熷懡淇℃伅澶у垎瀛愭牳閰歌綁(zhu菐n)閷�銆佽泲鐧界炕璀強瑾�(di脿o)鎺�
3. 闇€瑕佹帉鎻″熀鍥犲伐绋嬬瓑闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫鍜屼竴浜涘垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐨勫父瑕�(gu墨)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽寮曠墿瑷�(sh猫)
瑷�(j矛)銆佸厠闅�銆佽〃閬�(d谩)銆佸垎瀛愰洔浜ょ瓑銆�
4. 浜嗚В鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)涓€浜涙柊鐨勯€�(j矛n)灞�
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佽│鍗锋豢(m菐n)鍒嗗強鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�
瑭﹀嵎婊�(m菐n)鍒嗙偤 150 鍒嗭紝鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁� 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
浜�銆佺瓟椤屾柟寮�
闁夊嵎銆佺瓎瑭�銆�
涓夈€佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹硅垏椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鍚嶈瑙ｉ噵?zhu膩n)?5 鍊�(g猫) 锛屾瘡椤� 2 鍒嗭紝鍏� 30 鍒嗭級
绨�(ji菐n)绛旈(10 灏忛锛屾瘡椤� 8 鍒�锛� 鍏� 80 鍒�)
璜栬堪澶ч(20 鍒�)
缍滃悎椤�(20 鍒�)
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1.浜嗚В鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫惈缇�,鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曠啊(ji菐n)鍙�,鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曡定鍕�(sh矛)鑸囨柟鍚�,鍒嗗瓙鐢�
鐗╁(xu茅)鑸囧叾浠栫敓鍛界瀛�(xu茅)鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯�
2.鐔熻鍒嗗瓙鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)涓€浜涘父鐢ㄧ殑鍚嶈
3. 浜嗚В鏍搁吀鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎴愬垎鍙婃€ц唱(zh矛),DNA 鐨勪竴绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙� DNA 娓�(c猫)搴�,閲嶉粸(di菐n)鎺屾彙鍩哄洜鍙婂熀鍥犵祫涓€浜涚煡
璀�(sh铆),灏�(du矛)鍚勭ó鐢熺墿鍩哄洜绲勬儏娉佽姹傛帉鎻″熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)銆�
4锛庢帉鎻� RNA 杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫悎鎴愮殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佸弮鑸� RNA 鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)銆丷NA 鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋�銆備簡瑙ｇ湡鏍�
鐢熺墿鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)閷勫悗淇＞銆傞噸榛�(di菐n)鐞嗚В mRNA 鐨勬檪(sh铆)绌烘€�銆�
3
5锛庢帉鎻″弮鑸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴愰亷(gu貌)绋�銆佸鑲介張鍚堟垚鍚庣殑鍔犲伐淇＞銆侊紟铔�
鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勯澏鍚戦亱(y霉n)杓�銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鎶戝埗鍔戙€�
6锛庢帉鎻″熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)鍙婂熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)瑾�(di脿o)鎺х殑鍚京銆佸伌(c猫)閲嶇悊瑙ｇ梾姣掋€佸師鏍稿拰鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆�
7锛庝簡瑙ｅ熀鍥犲鏃�銆佺湡鏍哥敓鐗╁熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)瑾�(di脿o)鎺х殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婂叾鐠�(hu谩n)绡€(ji茅)銆丏NA 姘村钩鐨勮(di脿o)鎺�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)閷勬按骞崇殑
瑾�(di脿o)鎺э紙闋嗗紡浣滅敤鍏冧欢鍙婂弽寮忎綔鐢ㄥ洜瀛愶級銆佺炕璀按骞宠(di脿o)鎺с€�
8锛庢帉鎻″垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)甯哥敤鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽伌(c猫)閲嶅紩鐗╄ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍘熷墖銆佸厠闅嗐€佽〃閬�(d谩)銆佸垎瀛愰洔浜ょ瓑
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�
涓€銆佸悕瑭炶В閲�?zhu膩n)顭嬫} 2 鍒�锛岃▓(j矛) 30 鍒嗭級
1锛� DNA 璁婃€э細鐣�(d膩ng)闆欒灪鏃� DNA 鍔犵啽鑷崇敓鐞嗘韩搴︿互涓婏紙鎺ヨ繎 100鈩冿級鏅�(sh铆)锛屽畠灏卞け鍘荤敓鐞�
娲绘€�锛岄€欐檪(sh铆) DNA 闆欒偂閺堥枔鐨勬矮閸垫柗瑁傦紝鏈€鍚庨洐鑲￠張瀹屽叏鍒嗛枊(k膩i)骞舵垚鐐虹劇(w煤)瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩窔(xi脿n)鍦�(tu谩n)锛�
閫欎竴閬�(gu貌)绋嬪彨鍋� DNA 璁婃€�
2锛� 鎷�?f霉)娲氭偐?g貌u)閰讹細绱�(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)瀛樺湪钁椾竴椤�(l猫i)鑳藉偓鍖� DNA 鎷�?f霉)娲氭偐?g貌u)楂旂浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫殑閰�锛屽畠鍊戠ū(ch膿ng)鐐�
鎷�?f霉)娲氭偐?g貌u)閰躲€�
3锛� 绔矑锛氭槸鐪熸牳鏌撹壊楂旂殑鏈搴忓垪銆傜绮掔殑鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鍔熻兘鏄繚鎸佹煋鑹查珨鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹�锛屽畠姹哄畾
钁楃窗(x矛)鑳炵殑澹藉懡銆�
4锛� 鍚屾簮閲嶇祫锛氫篃绋�(ch膿ng)浜ゆ彌锛屾槸鎸囨笡鏁�(sh霉)鍒嗚閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑鏌撹壊楂旈枔閬哄偝鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勪氦鎻�锛屽嵆鍦ㄥ叐鍊�(g猫)闆�
铻烘棆 DNA 鍒嗗瓙闁撶殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤锛屽叾鐗瑰緛鏄噸绲勯叾鑳戒互?x煤n)钃氣偓(g猫) DNA 鍒嗗瓙涓换浣曚竴灏�(du矛)鍚屾簮
搴忓垪浣滃簳鐗╅€�(j矛n)琛屼氦鎻�銆�
5锛� 绨�(ji菐n)骞舵€э細瑷卞姘ㄥ熀閰搁兘鐢卞鍊�(g猫)瀵嗙⒓瀛愮法纰�锛岄€欑ū(ch膿ng)鐐虹啊(ji菐n)骞舵€�
6锛� 绲傛瀵嗙⒓瀛愶細瀵嗙⒓瀛� UAA,UAG 鍜� UGA 骞朵笉绶ㄧ⒓浠讳綍姘ㄥ熀閰革紝鍗昏捣鍒扮祩姝㈡皑鍩洪吀
鐨勫悎鎴愪綔鐢�锛屽洜姝ょū(ch膿ng)鐐虹祩姝㈠瘑纰煎瓙
7锛� 鍓茶鍩哄洜锛氬湪鐪熸牳鐢熺墿涓�锛屽ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)绶ㄧ⒓铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍩哄洜鏄笉閫ｇ簩(x霉)鐨�锛屽嵆鍦ㄥ叾绶ㄧ⒓姘ㄥ熀閰�
鐨勫簭鍒椾箣闁撴彃鍏ヤ笉绶ㄧ⒓鐨勫簭鍒楋紝鏁呯ū(ch膿ng)鐐哄壊瑁傚熀鍥�
8锛� 鍩哄洜瀹舵棌锛氭垜鍊戞妸绶ㄧ⒓涓€鍊�(g猫)铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)瀹舵棌鐨勮嫢骞插€�(g猫)鍩哄洜绋�(ch膿ng)鐐轰竴鍊�(g猫)鍩哄洜瀹舵棌銆�
9锛� mtDNA锛氱窔(xi脿n)绮掗珨 DNA
10锛� RFLP锛坮estriction length polymorphism锛�:鏄檺鍒舵€х墖娈甸暦(zh菐ng)搴﹀鎱�(t脿i)鎬�
11锛� 榛�(di菐n)绐佽畩锛氱獊璁婂彲鐢卞柈涓€鍫垮熀鐨勬敼璁娿€�
12锛� Chargaff 瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶細DNA 涓偿(ni菐o)鍢屽懁鐨勯噺绛変簬鑳炲槯鍟堕噺锛圙=C锛�锛岃吅鍢屽懁鐨勯噺绛変簬鑳�
鑵哄槯鍟堕噺锛圓=T锛�銆�
13锛� 鍙嶈綁(zhu菐n)閷勯叾锛氫互 RNA 鐐烘ā鏉垮偓鍖� DNA 鍚堟垚鐨勯叾銆�
14锛� 鍠爢?l猫)閱嬫ū瑜愮棯骞媋涓€姊濆鑲介張鐨� mRNA 绋�(ch膿ng)鐐哄柈闋�?l猫)閱�?br/>15锛� 鍒嗗瓙浼翠径锛氭妸涓€椤�(l猫i)鍦ㄧ窗(x矛)鑳炲収(n猫i)骞姪鏂扮敓鑲介張姝ｇ⒑绲勮鎴愮偤鎴愮啛铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)锛岃€屾湰韬嵒
涓嶆槸鏈€绲傚姛鑳借泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙绲勬垚鎴愬垎鐨勫垎瀛�锛岄兘绋�(ch膿ng)鐐哄垎瀛愪即渚�
浜岋紟绨�(ji菐n)绛旈(姣忛 8 鍒�锛岃▓(j矛) 80 鍒�)
1.绨�(ji菐n)杩颁腑蹇冩硶鍓囷細涓績娉曞墖鏄寚閬哄偝淇℃伅寰� DNA 鍒� mRNA锛屽啀鍒拌泲鐧斤紝寰炶€屾帶鍒舵€х媭琛ㄧ従(xi脿n)
4
鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋�銆傚叿鏈変唬琛ㄦ€х殑鍥涙锛氣憼 DNA 鐨勮嚜鎴戝京(f霉)鍒讹紝閫欏€�(g猫)閬�(gu貌)绋嬫湁寰堝鐨勯叾鍙冭垏鍏朵腑锛涒憽 DNA
閫氶亷(gu貌)杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫皣淇℃伅鍌抽仦绲� mRNA锛� 鈶� 鍦ㄧ湡鏍哥敓鐗╀腑锛宮RNA 缍�(j墨ng)閬�(gu貌)淇＞锛堜富瑕佹槸鍓垏锛夊悗锛�
寰炵窗(x矛)鑳炴牳閫�(j矛n)鍏ョ窗(x矛)鑳炶唱(zh矛)锛� 鈶� 淇′娇 mRNA 鑸囨牳绯栭珨绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛屾牳绯栭珨璁€鍙� mRNA 鐨勪俊鎭悎鎴愯泲鐧�
璩�(zh矛)锛岄€欐鍙綁(zhu菐n)璀�銆� 铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)涓嶆渻(hu矛)绶ㄧ⒓鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻泲鐧借唱(zh矛)锛孯NA 鎴� DNA銆備互涓婂洓姝ュ咕涔庡弮鑸囦簡鎵€鏈�
鐨勭敓鐗╂椿鍕�(d貌ng)銆�
2.绨�(ji菐n)杩板嚌鑶犻樆婊垎鏋愬師鐞嗭細鏄竴绋珨澶栫爺绌� DNA 鑸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐩镐簰浣滅敤鐨勭壒娈婄殑鍑濊啝闆绘吵鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛�
鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鐐�: 鍦ㄥ嚌鑶犻浕娉充腑鐢变簬闆诲牬(ch菐ng)鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ皬鍒嗗瓙 DNA 鐗囨姣斿叾绲�(ji茅)鍚堜簡铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鐨� DNA 鐗�
娈靛悜闄�(y谩ng)妤电Щ鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勯€熷害蹇�銆傚洜姝�锛屽彲妯�(bi膩o)瑷樼煭鐨勯洐閺� DNA 鐗囨锛屽皣鍏惰垏铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)娣峰悎锛屽皪(du矛)娣峰悎鐗�
閫�(j矛n)琛屽嚌鑶犻浕娉�锛岃嫢鐩殑 DNA 鑸囩壒鐣版€ц泲鐧借唱(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)鍚�锛屽叾鍚戦櫧(y谩ng)妤电Щ鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勯€熷害鍙楀埌闃绘化锛屽皪(du矛)鍑濊啝
閫�(j矛n)琛屾斁灏勬€ц嚜椤奖灏卞彲鎵惧埌 DNA 绲�(ji茅)鍚堣泲鐧�
3.鍋囧畾浣犲緸涓€鏂扮櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勭梾姣掍腑鎻愬彇浜嗘牳閰�銆傝珛(q菒ng)鐢ㄦ渶绨�(ji菐n)鍠殑鏂规硶纰哄畾锛�
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鈶� 涓嶅悓鐨勫壀鎺ユ柟寮�锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熶笉鍚岀殑 mRNA 鏂瑰紡
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
