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鐩寗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)........................................................................................ 2
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) ..................................................................2
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�..................................................................................... 2
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�.................................................................4
鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)绲�(t菕ng)涓€鑰冭│銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)
鍏ㄥ湅(gu贸)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)绲�(t菕ng)涓€鑰冭│銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│鏄偤鎴戞牎鎷涙敹鍖栧(xu茅)宸ョ▼鑸囨妧琛�(sh霉)纰╁＋鐢熻ō(sh猫)
缃殑鍏锋湁閬告嫈鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勮€冭│绉戠洰銆傚叾鐩殑鏄瀛�(xu茅)銆佸叕骞�銆佹湁鏁堝湴娓�(c猫)瑭﹁€冪敓鏄惁鍏峰倷鏀昏畝纰╁＋鎵€
蹇呴爤鐨勫熀鏈礌璩�(zh矛)銆佷竴鑸兘鍔涘拰鍩归(y菐ng)娼涜兘锛屼互鍒╃敤閬告嫈鍏锋湁鐧�(f膩)灞�?ji茅)鎽课﹁啲?y艒u)绉€浜烘墠鍏ュ(xu茅)锛岀偤鍦�(gu贸)瀹�
鐨勭稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)寤鸿ō(sh猫)鍩归(y菐ng)鍏锋湁鑹ソ鑱锋キ(y猫)閬撳痉銆佹硶鍒惰蹇靛拰鍦�(gu贸)闅涜閲庛€佸叿鏈夎純寮�(qi谩ng)鍒嗘瀽鑸囪В姹哄(sh铆)闅涘晱椤岃兘
鍔涚殑楂樺堡娆�銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ瀷銆佸京(f霉)鍚堝瀷鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)宸ョ▼灏堟キ(y猫)浜烘墠銆傚叿楂旇€冭│瑕佹眰鐐猴細
1锛� 鎺屾彙鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰鍩虹(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)銆�
2锛� 鎺屾彙鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勭爺绌舵柟娉�銆�
3锛� 鎺屾彙鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 銆佺浉骞宠 銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍜岄浕鍖栧(xu茅)绛夎▓(j矛)绠椼€�
4锛� 閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄧ墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鍘熺悊鍒嗘瀽鍜岃В姹哄(sh铆)闅涘晱椤�銆�
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佽│鍗锋豢鍒嗗強鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�
瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎鐐� 150 鍒�锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁� 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
浜�銆佺瓟椤屾柟寮�
绛旈鏂瑰紡鐐洪枆鍗枫€佺瓎瑭�銆傚厑瑷变娇鐢ㄧ瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)绠楀櫒锛堝皪(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)鍜屽弽灏�(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)绛夊姛鑳界殑瑷�(j矛)绠楀櫒锛夛紝浣嗕笉寰椾娇
鐢ㄥ付鏈夊叕寮忓拰鏂囨湰瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍔熻兘鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楀櫒銆�
涓�銆佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹硅垏椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅) 150 鍒嗭紝鏈変互涓嬩笁绋鍨嬶細
鍠爡(xi脿ng)閬告搰椤� 10 椤�锛屾瘡灏忛 2 鍒�锛屽叡 20 鍒�
绨�(ji菐n)绛旈 5 椤岋紝姣忓皬椤� 8 鍒�锛屽叡 40 鍒�
瑷�(j矛)绠楅 9 椤岋紝姣忓皬椤� 10 鍒�锛屽叡 90 鍒�
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
绗竴绔� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥
1锛� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛岄珨绌嶅姛鐨勫畾缇�锛屽悇绋儏娉佷笅鐨勯珨绌嶅姛鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆�
2锛� 鎭掑銆佹亽澹撻亷绋嬬殑鐔�锛孮V=?U;Qp=?H锛涢仼鐢ㄦ浠�锛涘畠鍊戠殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�?H =?U+?(pV)锛涘皪(du矛)鐗╃悊
閬庣▼鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)璁婂寲涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
3锛� 鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐒﹁€冲(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐨勭祼(ji茅)璜栵細鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鑳藉拰鐒撳儏鏄韩搴︾殑鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛涚悊鎯虫埃楂旂殑瀹氬鎽╃埦鐔卞鐨�
鍊笺€俤U=nCV,mdT; dH=nCp,mdT 鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
4锛� 姘ｉ珨鍦ㄦ亽婧彲閫嗐€佺禃鐔卞彲閫嗛亷绋嬩腑 Q銆乄銆�?U銆�?H 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆�
5锛� 鍙€嗛亷绋嬬殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛涘彲閫嗙浉璁婁腑 Q銆乄銆�?U銆�?H 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆�
6锛� 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐒�銆佺浉璁婄創鑸囨韩搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯伙細鍩虹埦闇嶅か瀹氬緥鎴栧叕寮�銆�
7锛� 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)搴︾殑姒傚康锛涙(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐒�锛涚敱鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐢熸垚鐒�銆佺噧鐕掔創姹傛(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鐒�銆�
绗簩绔� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥
1锛� 鍗¤寰挵(hu谩n)銆佸崱璜惧畾鐞嗐€佺啽姗�(j墨)鏁堢巼琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�銆�
2锛� 鍏嬪嫗淇柉涓嶇瓑寮�锛涚浜屽畾寰嬭獮瑷€琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛涚喌澧炲姞鍘熺悊锛涚喌鐨勭当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鎰忕京銆�
3锛� 鍚勭ó閬庣▼(pVT锛岀浉璁�)锛屽寲瀛�(xu茅)璁婂寲鐔佃畩鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涚喌鍒ゆ摎(j霉)鈥斺€�?S 闅旈洟鍒ゆ柗閬庣▼鐨勬柟鍚戙€�
4锛� 绗笁瀹氬緥鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)寮�锛涚敤鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐔垫眰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭喌璁�銆�
5锛� 浜ュ闇嶈尣銆佸悏甯冩柉鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勫畾缇╋紱鍒ゆ摎(j霉)鎴愮珛鐨勬浠�锛涘浣曡▓(j矛)绠�?A銆�?G 鍒ゆ柗閬庣▼鐨勬柟鍚�銆�
6锛� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂圭▼锛堝洓鍊�(g猫)锛変互鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
7锛� 鍏嬫媺璨濋緧鏂圭▼銆佸厠鍕炰慨鏂�-鍏嬫媺璨濋緧鏂圭▼銆傛噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ叕寮忕殑瑷�(j矛)绠椼€�
8锛� 姘ｉ珨鎭掓韩鍙€�銆佺禃鐔卞彲閫嗛亷绋嬩腑锛屾眰绠� Q銆乄銆�?U銆�?H銆�?S銆�?A銆�?G 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楅銆�
绗笁绔� 澶氱祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭啽鍔涘(xu茅)
1锛� 鍋忔懇鐖鹃噺鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勫畾缇�锛涚墿鐞嗘剰缇╋紱鑳界啛绶村崁(q奴)鍒ュ拰閬告搰銆�
2锛� 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢細鐩稿钩琛″拰鍖栧(xu茅)璁婂寲鏂瑰悜鐨勫垽鏂枫€�
3锛� 鎷夌儚鐖惧畾寰嬪拰浜ㄥ埄瀹氬緥锛涚悊鎯虫恫鎱�(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗�锛涘悇绲勫垎鍖栧(xu茅)鐔辫〃閬�(d谩)寮忓強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紱鏈夐棞(gu膩n)娑茬浉銆佹埃
鐩哥祫鎴愮殑瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱娣峰悎鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
4锛� 鐞嗘兂绋€婧舵恫鐨勫畾缇�锛涚█婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬у強绨�(ji菐n)鍠▓(j矛)绠椼€�
绗洓绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠
1锛� 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛夋韩鏂圭▼锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勬浠讹紱瀛�(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)鐢ㄥ悏甯冩柉鍑芥暩(sh霉)璁婃眰骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)銆�
2锛� 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)锛涘垎澹撳钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)锛涙績搴﹀钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)锛涘畠鍊戜箣闁撶殑鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆�
3锛� 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏂圭▼鐨勫舰寮忔湁闂�(gu膩n)锛涙敞鎰忓皪(du矛)鍑濊仛鎱�(t脿i)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍙冨姞鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏅�(sh铆)鐨勫钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)
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4锛� 骞宠 绲勬垚鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涙績搴�銆佸鍔涖€佹儼鎬ф埃楂斿皪(du矛)骞宠 鐨勫奖闊�锛涜綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫巼鐨勬蹇点€�
5锛� 婧害灏�(du矛)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勫奖闊库€斺€旇寖寰峰か鏂圭▼锛氬井鍒嗗紡銆佸畾绌嶅垎寮忓拰涓嶅畾鍒嗗紡锛涚啛绶存湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛�
骞惰兘鑸囧钩琛＄祫鎴愮殑瑷�(j矛)绠楃稖鍚堝垎鏋愩€�
6锛� 鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐢熸垚鐒撳拰妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐔垫眰妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍚夊竷鏂嚱鏁�(sh霉)璁�銆佺洿鑷虫眰妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)銆�
绗叚绔� 鐩稿钩琛�
1锛� 鐩稿緥鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)寮忓強鐗╃悊鎰忕京锛涘(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)鐞嗚В绨�(ji菐n)鍠祫鍒嗐€佷簩绲勫垎鐩稿湒涓悇鍗€(q奴)銆佺窔銆侀粸(di菐n)琛ㄧず鐨勭浉銆�
鐩告暩(sh霉)鍜岃嚜鐢卞害 F銆傚吀鍨嬪寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭祫鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)銆佺浉鏁�(sh霉)鍜岃嚜鐢卞害鐨勫垽鏂�銆傛潬妗胯(gu墨)鍓囬仼鐢ㄧ殑
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2锛� 闆欐恫绯绘苯娑插钩琛＄浉鍦�銆傝捀椁惧拰绮鹃ぞ鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�銆傚叡娌搁粸(di菐n)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍙婃剰缇�銆�
3锛� 鍥烘恫骞宠 绯荤当(t菕ng)鐩稿湒鐨勭躬鍒舵柟娉曗€斺€旂啽鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑鍘熺悊锛屽(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)鍒╃敤瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)绻埗鏈€浣庡叡鐔旈粸(di菐n)
鐩稿湒銆�
绗竷绔� 闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)
1锛� 闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫鐨勫皫(d菐o)闆绘(j墨)鐞嗏€斺€旀硶鎷夌瀹氬緥锛涢€�(j矛n)琛岀啊(ji菐n)鍠▓(j矛)绠椼€�
2锛� 闆诲皫(d菐o)銆侀浕灏�(d菐o)鐜囧拰鎽╃埦闆诲皫(d菐o)鐜�锛涢浕灏�(d菐o)娓�(c猫)瀹氱殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細寮遍浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)闆婚洟搴︾殑娓�(c猫)瀹氬拰闆ｆ憾楣芥憾瑙ｅ害
鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涘挤(qi谩ng)寮遍浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)鐒￠檺绋€閲嬫懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜囩殑姹傛硶锛氾紙1锛夌敱鍠崹(d煤)闆㈠瓙鐨勭劇闄愮█閲嬬殑鎽╃埦
闆诲皫(d菐o)鐜囨眰锛涳紙2锛夌敱宸茬煡寮�(qi谩ng)闆昏В鎸佺殑鐒￠檺绋€閲嬬殑鎽╃埦闆诲皫(d菐o)鐜囨眰鏈煡锛涳紙3锛変綔鍦栧鎺ㄦ硶姹�銆�
3锛� 骞冲潎娲诲害銆佸钩鍧囨椿搴﹀洜瀛�銆佸钩鍧囨績搴︾殑姒傚康銆侀洟瀛愬挤(qi谩ng)搴�銆佸痉鎷滀紤鏍肩埦鍏紡锛涢浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)婧舵恫
鐨勬暣楂旀椿搴﹁垏婵冨害涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涚浉闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
4锛� 鍙€嗛浕姹犵殑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)锛涚敱闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)姹傚悏甯冩柉鍑芥暩(sh霉)璁�銆佺喌璁娿€佺創璁婂拰鍙€嗙啽鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆�
5锛� 闆绘サ鐨勭ó椤烇紱闆绘睜鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄浕姹犺〃閬�(d谩)寮忕殑浜掕銆�
6锛� 楣芥⿱鐨勪綔鐢�锛涜兘浣滈菇姗嬬殑鍖栧(xu茅)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鏄粈涔�锛�
7锛� 闆绘サ鐨勬サ鍖栫従(xi脿n)璞★紙婵冨樊銆侀浕鍖栧(xu茅)锛夛紱閫犳垚鐨勫悗鏋滐紙鍒嗗垾灏�(du矛)鍘熼浕姹犲拰闆昏В姹狅級锛涢浕瑙ｆ檪(sh铆)闆�
妤典笂鐧�(f膩)鐢熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫厛鍚庨爢搴忕⒑瀹氾紱闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗叓绔� 鐣岄潰鑸囪啝楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)
1锛� 娑查珨鐨勭晫闈㈠嫉鍔�銆佽〃闈㈠姛鍜岃〃闈㈠悏甯冩柉鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛涘綆鏇查爜(y猫)闈㈢殑闄勫姞澹撳姏鍙婂叾鍚庢灉銆�
2锛� 鐗╃悊鍚搁檮鑸囧寲瀛�(xu茅)鍚搁檮锛涙湕鏍肩箚鐖惧柈鍒嗗瓙灞ゅ惛闄勭悊璜栬垏鏈楁牸绻嗙埦鍚搁檮绛夋韩寮�銆�
3锛� 婧舵恫鐨勮〃闈㈠惛闄勶紱婧舵恫鐨勮〃闈㈤亷鍓╄垏鍚夊竷鏂惛闄勭瓑婧紡銆�
4锛� 鑶犻珨鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆佽啝鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鍜岄浕鍕�(d貌ng)鐝�(xi脿n)璞°€傚 Fe(OH)3銆丄s2S3銆丄gI 婧惰啝绛�銆�
绗節绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)
1锛� 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫畾缇╋紱锛堟亽瀹瑰弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼锛夊熀鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄潪鍩哄厓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涢€熺巼鏂圭▼鈥斺€旇唱(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾
寰�銆�
2锛� 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勭⒑瀹氾紱閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勫柈浣嶈垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涳紙寰垎娉�銆佺⿳鍒嗘硶銆侀殧闆㈡硶銆佸崐
琛版湡娉曪級銆�
3锛� 绨�(ji菐n)鍠礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶浂绱�(j铆)銆佷竴绱�(j铆)銆佷簩绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐗瑰緛銆佹績搴﹁垏鏅�(sh铆)闁撻棞(gu膩n)绯汇€侀棞(gu膩n)琛版湡琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�銆�
鏈�(hu矛)鐔熺反瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
4锛� 闃跨疮灏肩儚鏂叕寮忥細鎸囨暩(sh霉)寮�銆佸井鍒嗗紡銆佸畾绌嶅垎寮忓拰涓嶅畾绌嶅垎寮�锛涙渻(hu矛)纰哄畾鏈€浣虫韩搴�锛屽苟鑸囨績
搴�-鏅�(sh铆)闁撻棞(gu膩n)绯荤稖鍚堥亱(y霉n)鐢�銆�
5锛� 閺堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭ó椤�銆佺壒榛�(di菐n)鍜屾(j墨)鐞�銆傚皪(du矛)宄欏弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸钩琛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岃伅(li谩n)绔嬪弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐗瑰緛銆�
6锛� 婧舵恫涓殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭椿鍖栨帶鍒剁殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑸囨摯(ku貌)鏁ｆ帶鍒剁殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
7锛� 鍌寲鍔戠殑浣滅敤鍘熺悊锛屼互鍙婂皪(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�銆傞€氶亷绨�(ji菐n)鍠▓(j矛)绠楁瘮杓冮€熺巼鐨勫ぇ灏�銆�
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�
涓€銆侀伕鎿囬锛�20 鍒�锛屾瘡椤� 2 鍒嗭級
1. 鏌愭埃楂旂殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼鐐� pVm=RT+bp(b 鐐哄ぇ浜庨浂鐨勫父鏁�(sh霉))锛屾姘ｉ珨閯�(xi膩ng)閹�(zh猫n)绌虹禃鐔辫啫鑴瑰悗鐨勬韩搴�
灏� 锛� 锛�
锛圓锛変笉璁�锛� (B) 涓婂崌锛� (C) 涓嬮檷锛� (D) 涓嶇⒑瀹�
2. NH4HS(s) 鍜屼换鎰忛噺鐨� NH3(g) 鍙� H2S(g) 閬�(d谩)骞宠 鏅�(sh铆)锛岀崹(d煤)绔嬬祫鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)銆佺浉鏁�(sh霉)鍜岃嚜鐢卞害鍒嗗垾鐐�
锛� 锛�
锛圓锛塁=2, 桅=2锛宖=2 ; (B) C=1, 桅=2锛宖=1;
(C) C=2, 桅=3锛宖=2 ; (D) C=3, 桅=2锛宖=3;
3. 娑叉厠(t脿i)姘村湪 373K 鍙� 101325Pa 涓嬫苯鍖栫偤姘磋捀姘�锛屽墖瑭查亷绋嬬殑 锛� 锛�
(A) ?G=0; (B) ?S=0; (C) ?A=0; (D) ?H=0
4. 鏌愬師闆绘睜鍦ㄧ瓑婧瓑澹撴浠朵笅鍙€嗘斁闆�锛屽墖闆绘睜鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭創璁�?fHm鑸囩瓑澹撳彲閫嗙啽鏁堟噳(y墨ng) Qp 鐨勯棞(gu膩n)
绯荤偤 锛� 锛�
锛圓锛� ?fHm锛濹p; (B) ?fHm锛淨p; (C) ?fHm=Qp ; (D) 涓嶈兘纰哄畾
5. PCl5(g)鐨勫垎瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏄� PCl5(g)=PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)鍦� 473K 閬�(d谩)鍒板钩琛℃檪(sh铆) PCl5(g)鏈� 48.5%鍒嗚В锛屽湪
573K 骞宠 鏅�(sh铆)锛屾湁 97%鍒嗚В锛屽墖姝ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐐� 锛� 锛�
锛圓锛夋斁鐔卞弽鎳�(y墨ng); (B) 鍚哥啽鍙嶆噳(y墨ng);
(C) 鏃笉鍚哥啽涔熶笉鏀剧啽; (D) 閫欏叐鍊�(g猫)婧害涓嬬殑骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐩哥瓑
6. 寮�(qi谩ng)闆昏В璩�(zh矛) MgCl2 姘存憾娑�锛屽叾闆㈠瓙骞冲潎娲诲害 a卤鑸囬浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)娲诲害 aB 涔嬮枔闂�(gu膩n)绯荤偤 锛� 锛�
锛圓锛塧卤= aB; (B) a卤= aB
1/2
; (C) a卤= aB
1/3
; (D)a卤= aB
3
7. 涓嬪垪鍏╅浕姹犲弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鍒嗗垾鐐� E1
胃
鍜� E2
胃
,鍓囧叐鍊�(g猫)鍊煎緱闂�(gu膩n)绯荤偤锛� 锛� 锛�
锛�1锛�1/2 H2(p
胃
)+ 1/2 Cl2(p
胃
)=HCl(a=1)
(2) 2HCl(a=1)=H2(p
胃
)+ Cl2(p
胃
)
(A) E1
胃
= 2E2
胃
; (B) E1
胃
=-2E2
胃
; (C) E2
胃
=-E1
胃
; (D)E2
胃
=2E1
胃
8. 浠讳綍绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽叾鍗婅“鏈熼兘鑸� 锛� 锛�
(A) k,c0 鏈夐棞(gu膩n)锛� (B) c0 鏈夐棞(gu膩n); (C) k 鏈夐棞(gu膩n); (D) k, c0 鐒￠棞(gu膩n)
9. 鏈変竴绋€婧舵恫璩�(zh矛)閲忔懇鐖炬績搴︾偤 m锛屾哺榛�(di菐n)鍗囬珮鍊肩偤鈻砊b锛屽嚌鍥洪粸(di菐n)闄嶄綆鍊肩偤鈻砊f锛屽墖 锛� 锛�
(A) 鐒＄⒑瀹氶棞(gu膩n)绯�; (B) 鈻砊f锛濃柍Tb (C) 鈻砊f锛溾柍Tb; (D)鈻砊f锛炩柍Tb
10. 鍦ㄦ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)涓嬶紝绱呰景鐮偽� -HgS 鑸囬粦杈扮爞尾 -HgS 鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鎻涘弽鎳�(y墨ng)伪 -HgS=尾 -HgS锛屽叾涓柍rGm
胃
=
锛�980-1.456T锛夛紝鍓囧湪 373K 鏅�(sh铆) 锛� 锛�
(A) 鐒℃硶鍒ゆ柗浣曡€呯┅(w臎n)瀹�; (B)绱呰景鐮偽� -HgS 鑸囬粦杈扮爞尾 -HgS 铏曚簬骞宠
(C) 绱呰景鐮偽� -HgS 杓冮粦杈扮爞尾 -HgS 绌�(w臎n)瀹�; (D)榛戣景鐮偽� -HgS 杓冪磪杈扮爞伪 -HgS 绌�(w臎n)瀹�
椤岃櫉(h脿o) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
绛旀 A A A B B C C C D D
浜�銆� 璜栬瓑椤岋紙40 鍒�锛屾瘡椤� 8 鍒嗭級
1. 灏囧寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng) H2(g)+1/2O2(g)鈫扝2O(l)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎴愪竴鍊�(g猫)鍘熼浕姹�锛屽鍑鸿┎鍘熼浕姹犵殑琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�銆傝│鍟忚┎
闆绘睜闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鑸囨憾娑茬殑 pH 鍊兼湁闂�(gu膩n)鍡�锛熺偤浠€涔�锛�
绛旓細Pt,H2(g)|H2SO4(aq)|O2(g),Pt銆傞浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勮兘鏂壒(Nernst)鏂圭▼琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�
aa
a
F
RT
EE
OH
OHo
21
22
2
2 /
ln?? 銆�
鐢辨寮忓彲浠ョ湅鍑�锛岄浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鑸囨憾娑茬殑 pH 鐒￠棞(gu膩n)銆�
2. 灏� 0.010dm
3
銆�0.02mol?dm
-3
AgNO3 婧舵恫锛岀珐鎱㈠湴婊村姞鍒� 0.100dm
3
銆�0.005mol?dm
-3
鐨� KCl
婧舵恫涓�锛屽彲寰楀埌 AgCl 婧惰啝锛岃│瀵嚭鍏惰啝鍦�(tu谩n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮〃绀哄紡锛屽苟鎸囧嚭鑶犻珨绮掑瓙闆绘吵鐨勬柟鍚�銆�
绛旓細AgNO3 鑸� KCl 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍚�,KCl 鏈夐亷閲�,寰楀埌鐨� AgCl 婧惰啝鍎�(y艒u)鍏堝惛闄� Cl
?
闆㈠瓙,鍥犳鑶犳牳甯舵闆�.
鍦ㄩ浕娉充腑鑶犵矑鍚戣矤(f霉)妤电Щ鍕�(d貌ng).鑶犲湗(tu谩n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐐�: [(AgCl)m路nCl
?
路(n-x)K
+
]
x?
路xK
+
3锛�298K 鏅�(sh铆) A 鍜� B 鍏╃ó姘ｉ珨鍦ㄦ煇涓€婧跺姂涓憾瑙ｇ殑浜埄甯告暩(sh霉)鍒嗗垾鐐� kA 鍜� kB锛屼笖 kA>kB锛岀暥(d膩ng) A
鍜� B 鐨勫钩琛″鍔涚浉鍚屾檪(sh铆)锛屽墖鍦ㄨ┎婧舵恫涓摢绋埃楂旂殑婵冨害澶�锛熷鏋滆鎻愰珮姘ｉ珨鍦ㄦ憾鍔戜腑鐨勬憾
瑙ｅ害锛屾噳(y墨ng)閲囩敤鍝簺鏂规硶锛�
绛旓細鏍规摎(j霉)浜ㄥ埄瀹氬緥锛岀暥(d膩ng) A 鍜� B 鍏╃ó姘ｉ珨鐨勫钩琛″垎澹撶浉绛夋檪(sh铆)锛屾湁 1??
xk
xk
p
p
BB
AA
B
A
銆傚洜?y脿n)?kBxA銆侭 姘ｉ珨鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑鐨勬績搴﹀ぇ浜� A 姘ｉ珨銆�
4锛庡伐妤�(y猫)涓婂埗姘寸叅姘ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐐猴細C(s)+H2O(g)=CO(g)+H2(g)锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐒撹畩?y艒u)?33.5kJmol
-1
锛�
瑷�(sh猫)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍦� 673K 鏅�(sh铆)閬�(d谩)鍒板钩琛�銆傝│瑷庤珫濡備笅鍥犵礌灏�(du矛)骞宠 鐨勫奖闊匡紝骞跺皣绲�(ji茅)鏋滃～鍏ヤ笅琛ㄤ腑銆�(绲�(ji茅)鏋�
蹇呴爤瀵湪绛旈绱欎笂)
褰遍熆鍥犵礌
(1)鍗囬珮
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)婧害
(2)澧炲姞
N2 鍒嗗
(3)澧炲姞
绺藉
(4)澧炲姞
C(s)鐨勫惈閲�
骞宠 绉诲嫊(d貌ng)鏂瑰悜(濉€滃悜宸︹€�銆佲€滃悜
鍙斥€濇垨鈥滀笉绉诲嫊(d貌ng)鈥濅腑鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)閬搁爡(xi脿ng))
鍚戝彸 鍚戝彸 鍚戝乏 涓嶇Щ鍕�(d貌ng)
5. 闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬韩搴︾郴鏁�(sh霉)
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
T
E
p
濡備綍娓�(c猫)瀹氾紵瑭﹀鍑烘噳(y墨ng)娓�(c猫)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)铏曠悊閬庣▼銆�
绛旓細閲濆皪(du矛)鐗瑰畾鐨勯浕姹�锛屾脯(c猫)瀹氫笉鍚屾韩搴︿笅鐨勯浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)锛屼竴鑸閬告搰浜斿€�(g猫)婧害銆傚皣鐛插緱鐨勪簲绲勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)
(T,E)锛屼互闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐐虹副鍧愭(bi膩o)锛屾韩搴︾偤姗潗妯�(bi膩o)浣滃嚭 E~T 鏇茬窔锛岀劧鍚庡湪鏇茬窔涓婁綔鏌愭韩搴﹀皪(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)榛�(di菐n)鐨�
鍒囩窔锛屽垏绶氱殑鏂滅巼鍗崇偤闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬韩搴︾郴鏁�(sh霉)?锛涜洏鍝備滑顚嶁偓鎿悎鏂规硶寰楀埌 E~T 鏂圭▼锛屽皪(du矛)鏂圭▼姹�
涓€闅庡皫(d菐o)鏁�(sh霉)锛屽苟浠ｅ叆婧害鍊煎嵆寰楀埌婧害绯绘暩(sh霉)銆�
涓�銆佽▓(j矛)绠楅锛�90 鍒�锛屾瘡椤� 10 鍒嗭級
1. 5mol 闆欏師瀛愮悊鎯虫埃楂�(
RC mp
2
7
?,
)锛屾亽瀹瑰姞鐔�,寰� 120K 鍒� 240K锛屾眰姝ら亷绋� Q銆乄銆佄擴銆�
螖H 鐨勫€�銆�
绛旓細鏍规摎(j霉)
RC mp
2
7
,
?
鍙緱锛�
RRC mp
2
5
R-
2
7
,
??
鐢变簬閬庣▼鎭掑锛屽墖 W=0銆�
kJTTCnUQ mvV
47121202403148
2
5
512 .)(.)(, ??????????
kJTTCnH mp 46171202403148
2
7
512 .)(.)(, ?????????
2. 鍦ㄦ按鐨勬甯告哺榛�(di菐n)(373K 鍜� 101.325kPa)锛屾湁 1mol H2O(l)璁婃垚鍚屾韩鍚屽涓嬬殑 H2O(g)锛屽凡鐭�
姘寸殑鎽╃埦姹藉寲鐒撹畩鍊� molkJH mvap ???
?1
6940 .
銆傝珛(q菒ng)瑷�(j矛)绠楄┎璁婂寲鐨� Q銆乄銆佄擴銆佄擧銆佄擲銆佄擜銆�
螖G 鐨勫€煎悇鐐哄灏�锛�(蹇界暐娑查珨楂旂⿳锛屾按钂告埃瑕栫偤鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨)
绛旓細姘村湪姝ｅ父娌搁粸(di菐n)涓嬫苯鍖�锛屾槸涓€鍊�(g猫)绛夊閬庣▼锛屾墍浠ユ湁锛�
694069401 .. ????? HnQ mvapp kJ
?H=Qp=40.69 kJ
1mol 姘村湪姹藉寲閬庣▼鎵€鍋氱殑鍔熺偤锛�
kJnRTVpVVpW glg 1031537331481 ...)( ?????????????
?U=Qp+W=40.69-3.10=37.59 kJ
?S= Qp/T=40690/373=109.09 J?K
-1
锛�?A=W= -3.10kJ锛�?G=0銆�
3. 2mol 鍠師瀛愮悊鎯虫埃楂斿鎱�(t脿i)鐐� 298K锛�3039.75kPa锛岀稉(j墨ng)绲曠啽鑶ㄨ劰澹撳姏绐佺劧闄嶅埌 1013.25kPa锛�
鍋氫簡 2095 J 鐨勫姛锛屾眰瑭查珨绯荤殑鐔佃畩鍊笺€�
绛旓細鍥�?y脿n)妲^鐔遍亷绋�锛屾墍浠� Q=0锛屾墍浠ユ湁锛�
20952983148
2
3
2 212 ??????????? )(.)(, TTTCnUW mv 銆傛眰瑙ｅ緱鍒� T2=214K銆�
KJ
p
p
nR
T
T
CnS mp ?????????? ?!
, .
.
.
ln.ln.lnln 504
251013
753039
31482
298
214
3148
2
5
2
2
1
1
2
4. 宸茬煡 101.325kPa 涓�锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng) FeCO3(s)=FeO(s)+CO2(g)鐨�
)(..ln. JTTTTG
o
mr
23
105344251962678073 ?????? 銆�
瑭﹁▓(j矛)绠� 25鈩冩檪(sh铆)鐨� H
o
mr? 鍜� S
o
mr? 銆�
绛旓細鍥�?y脿n)?S
T
G o
mr
o
m
p
?????
?
?
??
?
?
?
??
锛屾墍浠ユ湁锛�
TT
T
G
S
o
m
p
o
mr 10694251962619626 3?
???????
?
?
??
?
?
?
??
??? .ln.. =180.28J?mol
-1
銆�
灏囨韩搴� 298K 浠ｅ叆 G
o
mr? 琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛屽嵆鍙眰寰� G
o
mr? =29.093kJ
kJSTGH
o
mr
o
mr
o
mr 848200102818029809329 .... ??????????
5锛庨€氬父鍦ㄥぇ姘ｅ鍔涚偤 101.325kPa 鏅�(sh铆)锛屾按鐨勬哺榛�(di菐n)鐐� 373K锛岃€屽湪娴锋嫈寰堥珮鐨勯珮鍘熶笂锛岀暥(d膩ng)澶ф埃
澹撳姏闄嶇偤 66.9kPa 鏅�(sh铆)锛岄€欐檪(sh铆)姘寸殑娌搁粸(di菐n)鐐哄灏戯紵宸茬煡姘寸殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦姹藉寲鐔辩偤 40.67kJ?mol
-1
锛屽苟
瑷�(sh猫)鍏惰垏婧害鐒￠棞(gu膩n)銆傜敱瑷�(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滃洖绛�:鐐轰粈涔堢敤楂樺閸嬬叜椋熺墿瀹规槗鐔熼€�?
绛旓細鏍规摎(j霉)鍏嬪嫗淇柉-鍏嬫媺浣╅緧鏂圭▼: ??
?
?
??
?
?
?
?
?
TTR
H
p
p
o
mvap
211
2 11
ln , 浠ｅ叆鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉),鍙緱:
??
?
?
??
?
?
??
T 2
1
373
1
3148
40670
325101
966
..
.
ln
瑙ｆ柟绋嬪緱 T2=361.6K銆�
鐢辫▓(j矛)绠楃祼(ji茅)鏋滃彲鐭ワ紝澶栧瓒婂ぇ锛屾按鐨勬哺榛�(di菐n)瓒婇珮銆傜暥(d膩ng)椋熺墿缃簬楂樺閸嬮噷鏅�(sh铆)锛岀敱浜庡鍔涜純楂�锛屾墍浠�
姘寸殑娌搁粸(di菐n)涔熼珮锛岄€欐ǎ鐛插緱鐨勯珮婧娇椋熺墿鏄撲簬鐔熼€�锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)涔熺瘈(ji茅)绱勬檪(sh铆)闁�銆�
6锛庡弽鎳�(y墨ng) 2NaHCO3(s)=Na2CO3(s)+H2O(g)+CO2(g)銆傚凡鐭ョ暥(d膩ng) p 鐨勫柈浣嶇偤 kPa 鏅�(sh铆)锛屽垎瑙ｅ鍔涜垏婧�
搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯荤偤锛�
9510
3345
.)/lg( ???
T
Pap
銆傛眰锛�
(1)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉) K
o
p
鑸� T 鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛�(2)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨� Hr
o
m? 鍜� Sr
o
m? 銆�
绛旓細(1)鍒嗚В澹撳姏鏄寚鍥虹浉鍒嗚В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍦ㄦ煇涓€婧害涓嬮仈(d谩)骞宠 鏅�(sh铆),姘ｇ浉鐢�(ch菐n)鐗╃殑绺藉鍔�:
p 绺�=p(H2O,g)+ p(CO2,g)
鍥�?y脿n)?p(H2O,g)= p(CO2,g)=p 绺�/2
鎵€浠� ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
??
p
p
p
p
p
p
K oo
CO
o
OHo
p
2
2
22
,鍏╅倞鍙栧父鐢ㄥ皪(du矛)鏁�(sh霉),寰楀埌:
)lg(lg)lg(lglg 100222222 ????? pppK
oo
p
鍐嶅皣 9510
3345
.)/lg( ???
T
Pap 浠ｅ叆涓婂紡,鍗冲緱
3017
6690
100229510
3345
2 .)lg().(lg ????????
TT
K
o
p
(2)鏍规摎(j霉)涓婅堪鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鑸囨韩搴﹂棞(gu膩n)绯荤殑涓嶅畾绌嶅垎褰㈠紡(鐗瑰垾娉ㄦ剰:閫欏€�(g猫)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忕敤鐨�
鏄父鐢ㄥ皪(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)),鍙煡:
m o lkJH
o
mr
1
1128669031483032 ?
??????? ...
m o lKJS
o
mr
11
333131731483032 ??
???????? ....
7锛庢埃鐩稿弽鎳�(y墨ng) N2O5(g)鈫�2NO2(g)+1/2O2(g)锛屽湪 67鈩冩脯(c猫)寰椾互涓� N2O5(g)婵冨害闅ㄥ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏅�(sh铆)闁撹畩鍖栫殑
鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)濡備笅銆傝│姹傚弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)銆侀€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鍜屽崐琛版湡銆�
t/min 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
[N2O5]/(mol路dm
-3
) 1.000 0.705 0.497 0.349 0.246 0.173
绛旓細鏈鍙互閫氶亷绌嶅垎娉曟眰瑙�銆傚厛瑷�(sh猫)瑭插弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐐轰竴绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽埄鐢ㄤ竴绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)绌嶅垎鍏紡锛�
c
c
t
k
01
ln? 銆傞€愬€�(g猫)浠ｅ叆瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛岃▓(j矛)绠楀緱鍒伴€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)濡備笅琛�銆傜敱浜庨€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鍧囩偤瀹氬€硷紝鎵€
浠ヨ┎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐐轰竴绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
t/min 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
[N2O5]/(mol?dm
-3
) 1.000 0.705 0.497 0.349 0.246 0.173
k/min
-1
* 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
鐢辫〃涓€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屾牴鎿�(j霉) min./.
ln
/ 23506930
2
21 ?? 寰楀弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍗婅“鏈熺偤
k
t 銆�
8. 鍦� 5.0?10
-2
kg CCl4(A)涓憾鍏� 5.126?10
-4
kg 钀�(B)(MB=0.12816kg?mol
-1
)锛屾脯(c猫)寰楁憾娑茬殑娌搁粸(di菐n)
杓冪磾?n猫i)杌団敟類�?0.402 K銆傝嫢鍦ㄥ悓閲忕殑婧跺姂 CCl4 涓憾鍏� 6.216?10
-4
kg 鐨勬湭鐭ョ墿锛屾脯(c猫)寰楁哺榛�(di菐n)鍗囬珮
绱� 0.647 K銆傛眰瑭叉湭鐭ョ墿鐨勬懇鐖捐唱(zh矛)閲�銆�
绛旓細鏍规摎(j霉)
m
MBm
k
m
n
kmkT
A
B
b
A
B
bBbb
/)(
???? 锛屼唬鍏ユ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍚庡緱鍒�
100.5
12816.0/10126.5
402.0 2
4
?
?
? ?
?
k b
100.5
/10216.6
647.0 2
4
?
?
? ?
?
M
k
B
b
鍏╁紡鐩搁櫎鍗冲彲娑堝幓 kb锛岀敱姝ゅ緱鍒� MB=9.66?10
-2
kg?mol
-1
(鎴� MB=96.6g?mol
-1
)
9. 鍦ㄦ埃鐩镐腑锛岀暟涓欑儻鍩洪啔(A)鐣版(g貌u)鍖栫偤涓欑儻鍩轰笝閰�(B)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏄竴绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽叾閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鑸囨韩搴�
鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯荤偤锛�
? ? 0227
147341
.
/
/ln ????
KT
sk
銆�
(1)姹傚弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬椿鍖栬兘 Ea 鍙婃寚鍓嶅洜瀛� A銆�
(2)瑕佷娇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐗╁湪 20min 鍏�(n猫i)杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栫巼閬�(d谩) 60%锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬韩搴︽噳(y墨ng)鎺у埗鍦ㄥ灏戝害锛�
绛旓細(1)灏囪┎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鑸囨韩搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯昏垏闃跨疮灏肩儚鏂叕寮忛€�(j矛n)琛屽皪(du矛)鐓�,绲�(ji茅)鏋滃彲寰楋細
molkJE a ???? ?
5122314814734 1
.. 锛� sA 111
104350227 ?
??? .).exp(
(2)瑷�(sh猫)鍦ㄦ韩搴� T 鏅�(sh铆)锛� st 12006020 ??? 锛岃綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫巼 600.?? 銆備唬鍏ヤ竴绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)绌嶅垎鍏紡锛�
鍙緱鍒帮細
s
t
kT
14
1067
601
1
1200
1
1
11 ??
??
?
?
??
? .
.
lnln
灏� kT 鍊间唬鍏ラ涓叕寮�,绲�(ji茅)鏋滄湁: 0227
14734
1067
4
.).(ln ????
?
T
瑙ｅ緱 T=431K
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜�(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
