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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗堬紝閮ㄥ垎瀛�(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
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鐩寗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)........................................................................................ 2
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) ................................ 閷锛佹湭瀹氱京鏇哥敖銆�
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�..................................................................................... 2
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�............................... 閷锛佹湭瀹氱京鏇哥敖銆�
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鍏ㄥ湅纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)绲�(t菕ng)涓€鑰冭│
鑻辫獮瑾炶█瀛�(xu茅)鍙婅嫳婕簰璀€冭│澶х侗
I 鑰冩煡鐩(bi膩o)
鐩殑鏄瀛�(xu茅)銆佸叕骞�銆佹湁鏁堝湴娓│鑰冪敓鏄惁鍏峰倷鏀昏畝澶栧湅瑾炶█瀛�(xu茅)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ獮瑷€瀛�(xu茅)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)灏堟キ(y猫)纰╁＋瀛�(xu茅)
浣嶆墍蹇呴爤鐨勫熀鏈礌璩�(zh矛)銆佷竴鑸兘鍔涘拰鍩归(y菐ng)娼涜兘锛屼互鍒╀簬閬告嫈鍏锋湁鐧�(f膩)灞�?ji茅)鎽课﹁啲?y艒u)绉€浜烘墠鍏ュ(xu茅)锛岀偤
鍦嬪鍩归(y菐ng)鑻辫獮鏁欏(xu茅)銆佺爺绌舵垨鍏朵粬鏂归潰鑻辫獮鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑楂樺堡娆′汉鎵�?锛熻崥鍤媦瑭﹁€冪敓鎺屾彙鑻辫獮瑾炶█瀛�(xu茅)
鐨勫熀鏈蹇点€佸熀鏈悊璜�銆佽嫳婕㈢炕璀殑鍩烘湰鎶€宸х殑鎵庡绋嬪害鍙婅嫳婕㈣獮瑷€鐨勫熀鏈姛銆傚叿楂旇€岃█锛�
鑰冪敓鎳�(y墨ng)鎺屾彙鏅€氳獮瑷€瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆佸熀绀�(ch菙)鐞嗚珫锛屽苟鑳介亱(y霉n)鐢ㄧ悊璜栭€�(j矛n)琛岀啊鍠殑瑾炶█绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽銆傛湁
杓冩墡瀵︾殑瑾炶█鍔熷簳锛岃純寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勮嫳婕㈡浉闈㈣〃閬�(d谩)鑳藉姏锛屾帉鎻″苟闈堟椿閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄥ父鐢ㄨ嫳婕㈢炕璀妧宸�銆�
II 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佽│鍗锋豢鍒嗗強鑰冭│鏅傞枔
瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎鐐� 150 鍒�锛屽叾涓嫳瑾炶獮瑷€瀛�(xu茅)鍗� 90 鍒�銆佽嫳婕簰璀崰 60 鍒嗭紝鑰冭│鏅傞枔鍏� 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
浜�銆佺瓟椤屾柟寮�
闁夊嵎銆佺瓎瑭�銆�
涓夈€佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹硅垏椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
绗竴閮ㄥ垎锛� 鑻辫獮瑾炶█瀛�(xu茅)
1銆佽(sh霉)瑾炶В閲� 锛�10 鍊嬶紝姣忓€� 2 鍒嗭紝鍏� 20 鍒嗭級
2銆佸～ 绌� 锛�20 椤�锛屾瘡椤� 1 鍒�锛屽叡 20 鍒嗭級
3銆佺啊 绛� 锛�6 椤�锛屾瘡椤� 5 鍒嗭紝鍏� 30 鍒嗭級
4銆佽┏ 绛� 锛�1 椤�锛屽叡 20 鍒嗭級
绗簩閮ㄥ垎锛氳嫳婕簰璀�
1銆佽嫳璀饥 锛�30 鍒嗭細涓€鍊嬬磩 250 鍠鐨勬钀斤級
2銆佹饥璀嫳锛�30 鍒嗭細涓€鍊嬬磩 250 瀛楃殑娈佃惤锛�
鍋囧姣忛鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)鏈夎畩鍖�锛岃畩鍖栬寖鍦嶄害涓嶅ぇ銆�
III 鑰冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佹櫘閫氳獮瑷€瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫畾缇╁強涓昏鍒嗘敮锛�
2銆佽獮瑷€鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛氳獮瑷€銆佽獮瑷€鐨勭壒寰�銆佽獮瑷€鐨勫姛鑳斤紱
3銆佽獮闊冲(xu茅)锛坧honetics锛変腑鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛�
4銆佽獮绱犮€佽缍村強涓昏妲�(g貌u)瑭炴硶锛�
5銆佸彞娉曠祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒嗘瀽锛�
6銆佽獮缇╅棞(gu膩n)绯诲強瑾炵京鎴愬垎鍒嗘瀽锛�
7銆佽█瑾炶鐐虹悊璜栧拰鏈冭┍娑电京鐞嗚珫锛�
8.瑾炴枡搴熀鏈蹇�锛�
9銆佺従(xi脿n)浠ｈ獮瑷€瀛�(xu茅)鐨勪富瑕佺悊璜栧拰娴佹淳锛�
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10銆佽嫳婕㈣獮瑷€鍔熷簳鍙婅嫳璀炕璀妧宸с€�
IV. 椤屽瀷绀轰緥鍙婂弮鑰冪瓟妗�
Section A
Part I. Define the following terms briefly (20 points, 2 points each).
1. Displacement: the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speaker?s
immediate situation.
2.Metalanguage: a language used for talking about language
Part II. Fill the blanks with proper words (20 points , 1 point each blank).
1. By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the
primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its
own principles of organization.
2. Phonology studies the rules governing the structure , distribution, and sequencing of speech
sounds and the shape of syllables.
Part III. Answer the following questions briefly(30 points, 6 points each).
1. Do you think that onomatopoeia indicates a non-arbitrary relationship between form and
meaning锛�
Answer (main points): You cannot deny that onomatopoeia needs arbitrariness. Before we feel a
word is onomatopoeic we should first know which sound the word imitates.
2. To what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ?
Answer(main points): Both phonetics and phonology study human speech sounds but they differ
in the levels of analysis.
Part IV. Give a detailed description of the special features of American structuralism(20 points锛�.
Answer (main points): American Structuralism is a branch of synchronic linguistics that
developed in a very different style from that of Europe. While linguistics in Europe started
more than two thousand years ago, linguistics in America started at the end of the nineteenth
century. While traditional grammar plays a dominant role in Europe , it has little influence in
America. While many European languages have their own historical traditions and cultures,
English is the dominant language in America, where there is no such a tradition as in Europe.
In addition, the pioneer scholars in America were faced with the urgent task of recording the
rapidly perishing native American Indian languages because there was no written record of
them. However, these languages were characterized by features of vast diversity and
differences which are rarely found in other parts of the world. To record and describe these
exotic languages, it is probably better not to have any presuppositions about the nature of
language in general. This explains why there was not much development in linguistic theory
during this period but a lot of discussion on descriptive procedures. (10%)
Structuralism is based on the assumption that grammatical categories should be defined
not in terms of meaning but in terms of distribution, and that the structure of each language
should be described without reference to the alleged universality of such category as tense,
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mood and parts of speech. Firstly, structural grammar describes everything that is found in a
language instead of laying down rules. However, its aim is confined to the description of
languages, without explaining why language operates the way it does. Secondly, structural
grammar is empirical , aiming at objectivity in the sense that all definitions and statements
should be verifiable or refutable. However, it has produced almost no complete grammars
comparable to any comprehensive traditional grammars. Thirdly, structural grammar
examines all languages, recognizing and doing justice to the uniqueness of each language.
But it does not give an adequate treatment of meaning. Lastly, structural grammar describes
even the smallest contrasts that underlie any construction or use of a language, not only those
discoverable in some particular use. (10%)
Section B
Part I. E-C Translation (30 points)
What social morality and social conscience leaves out is the narrower but very significant concept
of honor------as opposed to what is sometimes called merely 鈥渟ocially desirable conduct.鈥� The
man of honor is not content to ask merely whether this or that will hurt society, or whether it is
what most people would permit themselves to do. He asks, and he asks first of all, would it hurt
him and his selfrespect? Would it dishonor him personally? It was a favorite and no doubt sound
argument among early twentieth-century reformers that 鈥減laying the game鈥� as the gentleman was
supposed to play it was not enough to make a decent society. They were right: it is not enough.
But the time has come to add that it is nevertheless indispensable. I hold that it is indeed inevitable
that the so-called social conscience unsupported by the concept of personal honor will create a
corrupt society. But suppose that it doesn?t. Suppose that no one except the individual suffers from
the fact that he sees nothing wrong in doing what everybody else does. Even so, I still insist that
for the individual himself nothing is more important than this personal, interior sense of right and
wrong and his determination to follow that rather than to be guided by that everybody does or
merely the criterion of 鈥渟ocial usefulness.鈥� It is impossible for me to imagine a good society
composed of men without honor.
Answer:绀炬渻閬撳痉鑸囩ぞ鏈冭壇蹇冮伜婕忕殑鏄純鐙圭京鍗婚潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑姒(y霉)姒傚康------鏄垏鏈夋檪琚ū鐐�
鍍呮槸鈥滅ぞ鏈冩柟闈㈠彲鍙栫殑琛岀偤鈥濈浉灏嶇殑銆傛湁姒(y霉)蹇冪殑浜轰笉鏄彧鍟忛€欏€嬫垨閭ｅ€嬫渻涓嶆渻鍌峰鍒扮ぞ鏈�銆�
鎴栭€欐槸涓嶆槸澶у鏁�(sh霉)浜烘渻鍏佽ū鑷繁鍋氱殑锛屽氨鍙互蹇冩豢鎰忚冻銆備粬瑕佸晱锛岃€屼笖棣栧厛瑕佸晱锛岄€欐渻涓嶆渻
鍌峰浠栬垏浠栫殑鑷皧蹇�锛熼€欐渻涓嶆渻浠や粬鍊嬩汉钂欑緸锛熷湪 20 涓栫磤(j矛)鏃╂湡鏀归潻鑰呬箣闁�锛岃鎸夌収绱冲＋鎳�(y墨ng)
瑭茬帺鐨勮(gu墨)鍓囦締鈥滅帺娓告埐鈥濆苟涓嶅氨瓒冲閫犳垚瑕�(gu墨)瑕�(gu墨)鐭╃煩鐨勭ぞ鏈�锛屼箖鏄竴鍊嬪彈鍋忔剾涓旂劇鐤戞槸纰哄鐨�
璜栭粸銆備粬鍊戞槸灏嶇殑锛氫絾閫欐ǎ涓嶅?锛熷涔綟(xi脿n)鍦ㄥ埌浜嗗啀鍔犱笂鈥滈€欎箞鍋氱暍绔熸槸绲曞皪蹇呰鐨勨€濈殑鏅傚€�
浜�銆傛垜鍫呬俊娌掓湁鍊嬩汉姒(y霉)姒傚康鏀寔鐨勭ぞ鏈冭壇蹇冨皣鏈冮€犳垚鑵愬寲鐨勭ぞ鏈冧箖鏄殑鐨勭⒑纰洪洠鍏嶇殑銆備絾
鍋囪ō(sh猫)骞朵笉鏈冨姝�銆傚亣瑷�(sh猫)闄や簡鍊嬩汉涔嬪娌掓湁浜烘渻鍙楀埌鈥滃仛涓€浠朵汉浜洪兘鍋氱殑浜嬫矑浠€涔堥尟鈥濋€欓爡浜�
瀵︿箣鑻︼紵鍗充究濡傛锛屾垜浠嶇劧鍫呮寔锛屽皪鍊嬩汉鑷韩鑰岃█锛屾矑浠€涔堜簨鐨勯噸瑕佹€у彲浠ヨ秴閬庡€嬩汉鍏�(n猫i)蹇冪殑
鏄潪鎰燂紝鍙互瓒呴亷鑷繁姹哄績杩介毃閫欏€嬫槸闈炴劅锛岃€屼笉鍘昏窡闅ㄨ晸钑撶溇鐢熶箣琛屽緫鎴栧儏鍍呮槸鎵€璎傗€滅ぞ
鏈冨姛鑳解€濋€欓婧�(zh菙n)鍓�銆傛矑鏈夋Ξ璀�(y霉)鎰熺殑浜鸿兘妲�(g貌u)鎴愬ソ鐨勭ぞ鏈冩槸鎴戠劇寰炴兂璞＄殑銆�
Part II. C-E Translation (30 points)
浠栧湪鐖惰Κ鐨勬暀灏�(d菐o)涓嬧€滅櫦(f膩)鎲ょ敤鍔熲€�锛屽叾瀵︿粬璁€鏇搁倓鏄嚭浜庡枩濂斤紝鍙技楗炲槾浣勃鍚冪編
椋燂細椋熻吀寰堝ぇ锛屼笉鎿囩簿绮�锛岀敎鍜搁洔閫�(j矛n)銆傛サ淇楃殑鏇镐粬涔熻兘鐪嬪緱鍝堝搱澶х瑧銆傛埐鏇查噷鐨�
鎻掔鎵撹锛屼粬涓嶅儏涓旂湅涓旂瑧锛岄倓涓€鍐嶆惉婕�锛岀瑧寰楁墦璺�銆傜簿寰繁濂х殑鍝插(xu茅)銆佺編瀛�(xu茅)銆�
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鏂囪棟?y谩n)纰氭懓鍗磋煕鎭愵壀?锛屼粬鍍忓皬鍏掑悆闆堕閭ｆǎ鍚冧簡鍙堝悆銆傚帤鍘氱殑鏇镐竴鏈湰婕告鍚冨畬銆�
瑭╂瓕鏇存槸浠栧枩濂界殑璁€鐗┿€傞噸寰楁嬁涓嶅嫊鐨勫ぇ瑭炲吀銆佽经鍏搞€佺櫨绉戝叏鏇哥瓑锛屼粬涓嶅儏鎸ㄨ憲
瀛楁瘝閫愭绱�(x矛)璁€锛岃浜嗘柊鐗堟湰锛岄倓涓嶅珜鍏剁叐鍦版妸鏂版鐩瑁�(b菙)鍦ㄨ垔鏇镐笂銆備粬鐪嬫浉甯稿仛
浜涚瓎瑷�銆�
Answer: It seemed that he began exerting himself in his studies because of his father?s
remonstrations, but actually he studied for the love of it. He liked to study like a glutton greedy for
food, his gullet being so large that he would accept whatever food he set his eyes on, refined or
coarse, sweet or salty. Even books of the poorest taste could set him guffawing. He would laugh
when taking in impromptu comic gestures and remarks during a drama, and he beside himself with
joy when repeatedly reliving what he had seen. Huge tomes about profound and abstruse theories
on philosopher, aesthetics, and literature and art would be devoured by him like a young child
nibbling between meals, and he would ?nibble? at these books one after another no matter how
thick they were. Poetry is an even greater favorite of his. He loves to peruse large dictionaries and
encyclopedias, some of which are so heavy you can hardly hold them in your hands鈥攈e not only
reads them entry by entry, but upon coming across new editions, he would go to great lengths to
copy the new entries into the old editions. He often takes notes while reading.
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂�(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
