|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗堬紝閮ㄥ垎瀛�(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
[711]鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)
涓€锛庤€冭│瑕佹眰
(1) 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅強鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛屾湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忕殑鍚勭ó琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛屾湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏅€氬懡
鍚嶅強鍦�(gu贸)闅� IUPAC 鍛藉悕鍘熷墖鍜屼腑鍦�(gu贸)鍖栧(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)鍛藉悕鍘熷墖鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝鐔熺反鎺屾彙鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绯荤当(t菕ng)鍛藉悕
娉�锛屽父瑕�(ji脿n)鍖栧悎鐗�銆佸熀鍦�(tu谩n)鎴栬嚜鐢卞熀绛夌殑缈�(x铆)鎱ｅ悕绋�锛屾湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
(2) 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
閲嶈瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍏稿瀷鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婄浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鎻涚殑甯哥敤鏂规硶锛岄噸瑕佸畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鐑风兇銆佺儻鐑�銆�
鐐旂兇銆佽姵鐑�銆侀沟浠ｇ兇銆侀噾灞湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗�銆侀唶銆侀厷銆侀啔銆侀啗銆侀叜銆侀唽銆佺晶閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿銆佽兒鍙�
鍏朵粬鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�銆佺啊(ji菐n)鍠殑闆滅挵(hu谩n)楂旂郴锛屼富瑕佺殑鏈夋(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺府
鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀噸鎺掑弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸懆鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
(3) 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栧強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�
鍏卞児(ji脿)閸电殑褰㈡垚姗�(j墨)鐞嗭細鍍�(ji脿)閸电悊璜�銆佸垎瀛愯粚閬撶悊璜�锛岃獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽秴鍏辫粵鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佺珛
楂旀晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀⒊姝ｉ洟瀛�銆佺⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佺⒊鑷敱鍩恒€佸崱璩�銆佽嫰鐐旂瓑娲绘€т腑闁撻珨锛岃嚜鐢卞熀鍙栦唬銆佽Κ闆诲姞
鎴�銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚銆佽Κ闆诲彇浠ｃ€佽Κ鏍稿彇浠�銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽Κ鏍稿姞鎴愩€佸姞鎴�-娑堥櫎姝风▼绛�锛屾湁姗�(j墨)鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)銆�
(4) 鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚
瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)灏�(d菐o)鍏�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)鎻�銆佷繚璀�(h霉)锛岀⒊纰抽嵉褰㈡垚鍙婃柗瑁傜殑鍩烘湰鏂规硶锛岄€嗗悜鍚堟垚鍒嗘瀽鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)鍙�
鍏跺湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
(5) 鏈夋(j墨)绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
骞句綍鐣版(g貌u)銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆佹(g貌u)璞＄暟妲�(g貌u)绛夐潨鎱�(t脿i)绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇碉紝鍙栦唬銆佸姞鎴�銆佹秷闄�銆侀噸鎺�銆�
鍛ㄧ挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�
(6) 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑甯哥敤鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佺墿鐞嗛憭瀹氭柟娉�
甯歌(ji脿n)瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸寲瀛�(xu茅)閼掑垾鏂规硶锛屽父瑕�(ji脿n)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏍哥鍏辨尟璀�(HNMR)銆佺磪澶栧厜璀�
(IR)銆佺传澶栧厜璀�(UV)鍜岃唱(zh矛)璀�(MS)鐨勮瓬瀛�(xu茅)鐗瑰緛锛岄亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ寲瀛�(xu茅)鏂规硶鍙婃牳纾佸叡鎸瓬(HNMR), 绱呭鍏�
璀�(IR)灏�(du矛)绨�(ji菐n)鍠湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╅€�(j矛n)琛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閼掑畾銆�
(7) 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╁強鍏冪礌鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)
鍚� N锛孲锛孫 绛夌殑浜�銆佸叚鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�銆佸強鍏跺畠绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬湁姗�(j墨)纭�銆佺７銆佺鍖栧悎鐗┿€�
浜岋紟鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
绗竴绔� 绶掕珫
1. 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╂€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屾湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)灞曠啊(ji菐n)鍙�锛屾湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勭爺绌�?j墨)?n猫i)瀹�
鍙婇噸瑕佹€�銆�
2. 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐞嗚珫锛氬叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电悊璜�銆佸垎瀛愯粚閬撶悊璜栥€佸叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑鍩烘湰灞�
鎬�銆佸叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑妤垫€у拰鍋舵サ鐭�銆佺⒊鍘熷瓙杌岄亾鐨勯洔鍖�(sp
3
銆乻p
2
銆乻p)銆�
3. 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╁垎瀛愪腑鐨勫叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑褰㈡垚鍜屾柗瑁傛柟寮忊€斺€旀湁姗�(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)椤炲瀷(鏈夋(j墨)
鍖栧悎鐗╁垎瀛愪腑鐨勫叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑褰㈡垚銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╁垎瀛愪腑鐨勫叡鍍�(ji脿)閸垫柗瑁傛柟寮�銆侀亷(gu貌)娓＄媭鎱�(t脿i)
鍜屼腑闁撻珨)銆�
4. 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛鏂规硶锛氭牴鎿�(j霉)纰崇殑楠ㄦ灦鍒嗛鍜屾寜瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍒嗛銆�
绗簩绔� 椋藉拰鐑达細鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇
1. 鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勯€氬紡銆佸悓绯诲垪鍜屾(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉�銆�
2. 纰冲師瀛愮殑 sp
3
闆滃寲銆佅� 閸靛強鍏剁壒寰�銆�
3. 妲�(g貌u)璞℃蹇靛強涔欑兎銆佷竵鐑枫€佺挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鍜屽彇浠ｇ挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎涓嶅悓妲�(g貌u)璞＄殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€с€�
4. 鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛氱媭鎱�(t脿i)銆佹哺榛�(di菐n)銆佺啍榛�(di菐n)銆佹瘮閲嶃€佹憾瑙ｅ害銆�
5. 鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳嚜鐢卞熀鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾姝风▼锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀暟妲�(g貌u)
鍖栧拰灏忕挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
绗笁绔� 涓嶉＝鍜岀兇锛氱儻鐑村拰鐐旂兇
1. 鐑兇鍜岀倲鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀⒊鍘熷瓙鐨� sp
2
闆滃寲鍜� sp 闆滃寲锛屜€ 閸电殑姒傚康鍙婄壒鎬�銆�
2. 鐑兇鍜岀倲鐑寸殑绯荤当(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曪紝鐑兇妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬暟妲�(g貌u)(闋�/鍙�銆乑/E)鐨勫懡鍚嶆硶锛屾搴�
瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆�
3. 鐑兇鍜岀倲鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岃Κ闆诲姞鎴�(鍌寲鍔犳矮锛岃垏 Cl2銆丠X銆丠2SO4銆丠2O銆�
HOX 鐨勫姞鎴�锛岀〖姘寲锛嶆哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng))鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛孧arkovnikov 瑕�(gu墨)鍓囥€侀亷(gu貌)姘у寲鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
鐑兇鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屛� -姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚倲鐑存椿娼戞矮鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃Κ鏍稿姞鎴�锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
鑱氬悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
绗洓绔� 浜岀儻鐑� 鍏辫粵楂旂郴 鍏辨尟璜�
1. 浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚嶃€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
2. 鍏辫粵鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屽叡杌涢珨绯荤殑娑电京锛屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮〃鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽叡杌涢珨绯荤殑椤炲瀷锛岃秴鍏�
杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
3. 鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1, 4-鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜� 1, 2-鍔犳垚锛岀挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃仛
鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛孌iels--Alder 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀⒊姝ｉ洟瀛�锛岃嚜鐢卞熀鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€ц畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰�銆�
绗簲绔� 鑺崇兇 鑺抽鎬�
1. 鑻殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�銆�
2. 鍠挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂伌(c猫)閺堜笂
鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
3. 鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)鍓�锛屽叐椤炲畾浣嶅熀锛岃嫰鐠�(hu谩n)鐠�(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)瀹氫綅
瑕�(gu墨)寰嬬殑瑙ｉ噵锛屽畾浣嶆晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊垮洜绱�锛屽紩鍏ョ涓夊€�(g猫)鍙栦唬鍩虹殑瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛屽畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬬殑
鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
4. 绋犵挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇--钀�锛岃捊锛岃彶鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
5. 鑺抽鎬х殑鍒ゆ柗--H眉ckel 瑕�(gu墨)鍓囥€�
绗叚绔� 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
1. 鍒嗗瓙鐨勬墜鎬�, 灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u), 灏�(du矛)鏄犻珨, 灏�(du矛)绋卞洜绱�銆�
2. 鎵嬫€у垎瀛愮殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)鈥旀棆鍏夋€�, 鏃嬪厜鍎€鍜屾瘮鏃嬪厜搴︼紝鏃嬪厜鎬ц垏绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
3. 鍏锋湁涓€鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€т腑蹇冪殑灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)鐨勬(g貌u)鍨嬬殑琛ㄧず娉曪紝妲�(g貌u)鍨嬫(bi膩o)瑷樻硶(D/L 娉�銆丷/S
娉�)锛屽娑堟棆楂旂殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
4. 鍏锋湁鍏╁€�(g猫)涓嶇浉鍚屾墜鎬х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屽叿鏈夊叐鍊�(g猫)鐩稿悓鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫皪(du矛)
鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆�
5. 绗竴鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€т腑蹇冪殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷拰绗簩鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€т腑蹇冪殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢�銆�
6. 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑闋�?l猫)涓叉偐?g貌u)鍜屽皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆�
7. 涓欎簩鐑瀷鍖栧悎鐗╁拰鑱�(li谩n)鑻瀷鍖栧悎鐗╃瓑涓嶅惈鎵嬫€х⒊鐨勫寲鍚堢墿鐨勫皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆�
绗竷绔� 楣典唬鐑� 鐩歌綁(zhu菐n)绉诲偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng) 閯板熀鏁堟噳(y墨ng)
1. 楣典唬鐑�銆侀沟浠ｇ儻鐑村拰楣典唬鑺崇兇鐨勫懡鍚嶅拰鍒舵硶銆�
2. 楣典唬鐑寸殑瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屾秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃垏閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
3. 瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�(SN1锛孲N2 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�, 閯板熀鏁堟噳(y墨ng))鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱犮€�
4. 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞�( E2锛孍1 姗�(j墨)鐞�, 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫彇鍚�)鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱犮€�
5. 鍙栦唬鍜屾秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)锛岀兎鍩虹祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佽Κ鏍歌│鍔戙€佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)婧害銆佹憾鍔戠瓑鐨勫奖
闊裤€�
6. 楣典唬鐑兇鍜岄沟浠ｈ姵鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
7. 楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒跺倷鏂规硶銆�
绗叓绔� 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑娉㈣瓬鍒嗘瀽
1. 鍒嗗瓙鍚告敹鍏夎瓬鍜屽垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
2. 鍒嗗瓙鎸嫊(d貌ng)鑸囩磪澶栧厜璀滅殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛屽垎瀛愭尟鍕�(d貌ng)鑷敱搴﹁垏宄版暩(sh霉)锛屽垎瀛愮殑鍋舵サ
鐭╄垏宄板挤(qi谩ng)锛岄嵉鑸囧惛鏀跺嘲浣嶇疆锛屽奖闊垮嘲浣嶈畩鍖栫殑鍥犵礌锛岀磪澶栧厜璀滅殑瑙ｆ瀽銆�
3. 鏍哥鍏辨尟鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ锛岃嚜鏃�-鑷棆鐩镐簰鍋跺悎锛�
1
H NMR 鍦栬瓬鐨勮В
鏋�銆�
4. 绱鍏夎瓬鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�锛岀櫦(f膩)鑹插湗(tu谩n)鑸囧姪鑹插湗(tu谩n)銆�
绗節绔� 閱囧拰閰�
1. 閱囧拰閰氱殑鍒嗛銆佹(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛屽懡鍚嶅拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
2. 閱囧拰閰氱殑鍒舵硶锛屽伐妤�(y猫)鍚堟垚鍙婂(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ゅ埗娉�銆�
3. 閱囧拰閰氱殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾尝璀滄€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
4. 閱囩殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)--閱囩殑閰告€у拰鍫挎€�锛岄唶鐨勬哀鍖�锛岄唶鍜岀劇(w煤)姗�(j墨)鍚哀閰镐綔鐢ㄢ€�?d煤)婧茶箲I
鏂疯鐢熸垚閰殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄沟鍖栦綔鐢紙C-O 閸垫柗瑁傦級锛岄唶鐨勮劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛圕-O 閸垫柗瑁傦級锛�
澶氬厓閱囩殑鐗规€э紝鐔辨秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
5. 閰氱殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)--閰氱殑閰告€э紝鎴愰啔鍙婃垚閰�锛岃垏 FeCl3 鐨勯鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄绔� 閱氬拰鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿
1. 閱氬拰鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿鐨勫懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽埗娉�銆�
2. 閱氱殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾尝璀滄€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3. 閱氬拰鐠�(hu谩n)閱氱殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛� 楣界殑鐢熸垚, 閱氶嵉鐨勬柗瑁�, 閬�(gu貌)姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚,
Claisen 閲嶆帓, 鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿鍦ㄤ笉鍚屾浠朵笅鐨勯枊(k膩i)鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
绗崄涓€绔� 閱�銆侀叜鍜岄唽
1. 閱涖€侀叜鍜岄唽鐨勫懡鍚�锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽埗娉�銆�
2. 閱涘拰閰殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾尝璀滄€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3. 缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑瑕牳鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿 ?-纰充笂娲绘€ф矮鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛學ittig
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄啗閰殑姘у寲鍜岄倓鍘�銆�
4. 伪 , 尾 -涓嶉＝鍜岄啗銆侀叜鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�1, 4-瑕浕鍔犳垚銆�1, 4-瑕牳鍔犳垚锛�銆�
5. 閱涘拰閰殑鍒跺倷鏂规硶銆�
绗崄浜岀珷 缇ч吀
1. 缇ч吀鐨勫垎椤炪€佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
2. 缇ч吀鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾尝璀滄€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3. 缇ч吀鐨勯吀鎬у強褰遍熆鍥犵礌锛岀晶鍩轰腑缇ュ熀琚彇浠ｇ殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃垏鏈夋(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀晶鍩轰腑缇板熀鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�?-姘師瀛愮殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀晶鍩虹殑鑴晶鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
4. 缇ュ熀閰稿拰姘唬閰哥殑閰告€�锛岃劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜�?-缇ュ熀閰哥殑鍒嗚В銆�
5. 缇ч吀鐨勫埗鍌欐柟娉�銆�
绗崄涓夌珷 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗�
1. 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
2. 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾尝璀滄€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑姘磋В锛岄唶瑙�锛屾皑瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃垏 Grignard 瑭﹀姂鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽強閰拌兒鐨勫け姘村拰 Hofmann 闄嶈В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
4. 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╄Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗐€�
5. 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍒跺倷鏂规硶銆�
绗崄鍥涚珷 尾 -浜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿
1. 閰€旂儻閱囦簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱犮€�
2. 涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鐨勫悎鎴�銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
3. 涓欎簩閰搁叝鐨勫悎鎴�銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂湪鍚堟垚涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
4. 鍏跺畠鍚椿娼戜簽鐢插熀鐨勫寲鍚堢墿锛孠noevenagel 绺悎鍜� Michael 鍔犳垚銆�
绗崄浜旂珷 鏈夋(j墨)鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�
1. 鑴傝偑鏃忓拰鑺抽鏃忕鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
2. 鑳虹殑鍒嗛锛屽懡鍚�锛岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屾尝璀滄€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3. 鑳虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝牽鎬�銆佺兎鍩哄寲銆�?锛涱姮?銆佽垏浜炵閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽兒鐨勬哀鍖�銆佽姵鑳�
鐨勭壒鎬�銆丮annich 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�銆�
4. 鑳虹殑鍒舵硶锛堟皑鐨勭兇鍩哄寲銆佸惈姘寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘燂級銆�
5. 瀛ｉ姩楣藉拰瀛ｉ姩鍫�銆�
6. 閲嶆爱鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘寲鍚堢墿鍦ㄥ湪鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
6. 鑵堢殑鍛藉悕锛屾€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
绗崄鍏珷 鏈夋(j墨)鍚～銆佸惈纾峰拰鍚鍖栧悎鐗�
1. 鏈夋(j墨)鍚～銆佸惈纾峰拰鍚鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚嶄互鍙婃€ц兘鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
2. 鍚～鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷銆佸悎鎴愯垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
3. 鍚７鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閲嶈鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬舰鎴愬纾烽菇鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺董鐙勫笇(Wittig)瑭﹀姂鍙婂叾
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
4 鍚鍖栧悎鐗╋細楣典唬纭呯兎鍙婄閱囥€佺姘х兎鐨勫悎鎴愬強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗崄涓冪珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
1. 闆滃寲鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾鑺抽鎬�銆�
2. 甯歌(ji脿n)浜斿厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3. 甯歌(ji脿n)鍏厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
涓夛紟瑭﹂椤炲瀷
鍛藉悕锛屽畬鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮�锛屽寲鍚堢墿鐨勯憭鍒�锛岀悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)姣旇純锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛屽悎鎴愮洰妯�(bi膩o)鍖栧悎鐗�锛屾帹鏂�
鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
