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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
銆婄劇姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍜屽垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗鍙婂弮鑰冩浉
涓€銆佽€冭│鍩烘湰瑕佹眰锛氳姹傝€冪敓鎺屾彙鐒℃(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆佸垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�
鍜屾柟娉�锛屽厓绱犲寲瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)锛屽缓绔嬭捣鍤�(y谩n)鏍肩殑鈥滈噺鈥濈殑姒傚康銆傜偤瀹㈣銆�
鍏鍦拌€冨療瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷皪(du矛)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鐨勭悊瑙ｅ拰閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄨ兘鍔�锛屼互鍙婃牴鎿�(j霉)瀵�(sh铆)闅涘晱椤岄伕鎿囧悎
閬╁垎鏋愭柟娉曡В姹哄叿楂斿晱椤岀殑鑳藉姏锛岄噰鐢ㄦ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍖栬€冭│灏�(du矛)瀛�(xu茅)鐢熼€�(j矛n)琛岀劇姗�(j墨)鑸�
鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鐨勬按骞虫脯(c猫)瑭�銆�
浜屻€佽€冭│鏂规硶锛氶枆鍗锋浉闈㈣В绛�
涓�銆佽│椤岄鍨嬶細閬告搰椤�銆佸～绌洪銆佺啊(ji菐n)绛旈銆佽▓(j矛)绠楅
鍥�銆佽绋嬭€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰強瑕佹眰锛氳€冭│瑕佹眰涓昏鍖呮嫭锛�1锛変簡瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙鍖�
瀛�(xu茅)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈蹇碉紝鐔熸倝鍖栧(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈悊璜�锛屾帉鎻℃湁闂�(gu膩n)鍖栧(xu茅)
骞宠 銆侀浕闆㈠钩琛�銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘�銆侀€熷害鏂圭▼銆侀樋缇呭凹鐑忔柉鍏紡鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠楃殑
鏂规硶鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�2锛夋帉鎻″師瀛愭牳澶栭浕瀛愮殑閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鍜屾帓甯冦€佷笁绋(g貌u)鍨嬬殑鍖栧(xu茅)
閸�銆佸洓绋熀鏈鍨嬬殑鏅堕珨鍙婇洟瀛愭サ鍖�锛屾帉鎻￠厤闆㈠瓙绌�(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╁拰
鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛�3锛夌啛鎮夐沟绱�銆佹哀鏃忋€佹爱鏃忕瓑鍏冪礌鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻″牽閲戝爆鑸囧牽
鍦熼噾灞�銆侀妳鏃忓拰閶呮棌鍜屽叾瀹冮噸瑕侀亷娓″厓绱犵殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛�4锛夌啛绶存噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ吀鍫�
婊村畾娉曘€佺怠(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氭硶銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭硶銆侀噸閲忓垎鏋愭硶鍜屾矇娣€婊村畾娉曠瓑
鍒嗘瀽娉�銆�
浜�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛富瑕佸寘鎷細
1銆佺劇姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)
1.1銆佷簡瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈蹇碉紝濡傚師瀛�銆佸垎瀛�锛涘柈璩�(zh矛)鍖栧悎鐗�銆�
鏍哥礌銆佸悓浣嶇礌锛涘師瀛愰噺銆佸師瀛愯唱(zh矛)閲�銆佸钩鍧囧師瀛愯唱(zh矛)閲忥紱鍒嗗瓙閲�銆佸紡閲�锛�
鍠唱(zh矛)鍜屽寲鍚堢墿锛岀墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勯噺绛夈€�
1.2銆佷簡瑙ｅ寲瀛�(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈蹇�锛屽楂旂郴銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧�銆佺媭鎱�(t脿i)銆佺媭鎱�(t脿i)
鍑芥暩(sh霉)銆佺啽鍜屽姛绛�銆傚(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥銆佽搵鏂畾寰嬪拰鍖栧(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫洓
鍊�(g猫)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛屾噦寰楅亱(y霉n)鐢ㄦ瘮妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐢熸垚鐔憋紝妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐔�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐢熸垚鑷敱鑳借▓(j矛)绠�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭創璁�銆佺喌璁�銆佽嚜鐢辫兘璁�锛屽苟鍒濇瀛�(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦサ甯冩柉鑷敱鑳借畩鍒ゆ柗
鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬柟鍚戝強瑷�(j矛)绠楀寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)銆�
1.3銆佷簡瑙ｅ寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勬蹇靛強骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇�銆佺啛鎮夊寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鏄撴噦鐨�
鍘熺悊锛屽苟鑳界敤婵冨害銆佸鍔�銆佹韩搴﹂€欎簺鍥犵礌瑷庤珫鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勫奖闊裤€傛帉鎻�
鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆�
1.4銆佷簡瑙ｅ寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熷害銆佸熀鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀潪鍩哄厓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)銆佸弽
鎳�(y墨ng)鍒嗗瓙鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆傚垵姝ヤ簡瑙ｆ椿鍖栬兘鐨勬蹇佃垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熷害鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€佹帉鎻℃績
搴�銆佹韩搴﹀強鍌寲鍔戝皪(du矛)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熷害鐨勫奖闊裤€傝兘鎺屾彙閫熷害鏂圭▼銆侀樋缇�
灏肩儚鏂叕寮忔湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
1.5銆佷簡瑙ｅ師瀛愭牳澶栭浕瀛愮殑閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鍜屾帓甯�锛屾渻(hu矛)鐪嬫尝鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍜岄浕瀛愪簯鐨勫湒褰�锛�
鎺屾彙鍥涘€�(g猫)閲忓瓙鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫彇鍊硷紝姝ｇ⒑瀵嚭鑻ュ共鍏冪礌鐨勯浕瀛愭(g貌u)鍨�锛涙帉鎻￠浕闆㈠嫝(sh矛)銆�
闆昏矤(f霉)鎬х瓑姒傚康鐨勬剰缇╁強鍛ㄦ湡鎬ц畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬨€�
1.6銆佷簡瑙ｄ笁绋(g貌u)鍨嬬殑鍖栧(xu茅)閸碉紝涓夌ó椤炲瀷鐨勫垎瀛愰枔鍔涘強姘嵉鐨勭壒寰�锛�
浜嗚В鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鑸囧垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岄嵉鍙冩暩(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涗簡瑙ｅ洓绋熀鏈鍨嬬殑鏅�
楂斿強闆㈠瓙妤靛寲銆傛帉鎻＄従(xi脿n)浠ｅ児(ji脿)寤虹悊璜�銆佹帉鎻¤粚閬撶悊璜�銆侀洔鍖栬粚閬撶悊璜�銆�
澶惧堡闆诲瓙灏�(du矛)鏂ョ悊璜栧拰鍒嗗瓙杌岄亾鐞嗚珫鍥涚ó鍏卞児(ji脿)閸电悊璜�銆�
1.7銆佷簡瑙ｉ厤鍚堢墿鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛屽(xu茅)缈�(x铆)閰嶅悎鐗╃殑鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐞嗚珫鍙婅В閲嬩竴浜涘(sh铆)
鍒�锛涙帉鎻￠厤闆㈠瓙绌�(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╁拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
1.8銆佷簡瑙ｉ吀鍫跨悊璜栫殑鐧�(f膩)灞曟娉�锛屾帉鎻″急闆昏В璩�(zh矛)鐨勯浕闆�銆佸悓闆㈠瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆�
绶╂矕婧舵恫銆侀菇椤炴按瑙ｅ拰婧跺害绌嶇殑鎰忕京鍙婂師鐞�銆傝兘閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄥ寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鍘熺悊瑷�
璜栧急闆昏В璩�(zh矛)鐨勯浕闆㈠钩琛″強鍏剁Щ鍕�(d貌ng)锛岀啛绶存帉鎻℃湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠椼€�
1.9銆佺啛绶存帉鎻℃哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏂圭▼寮忕殑閰�
骞筹紱浜嗚В妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆昏В闆诲嫝(sh矛)鐨勬剰缇�锛岃兘閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)渚嗗垽鏂锋哀鍖栧姂鍜�
閭勫師鍔戠殑寮�(qi谩ng)寮�锛屾哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬柟鍚戝拰瑷�(j矛)绠楀钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)锛涙渻(hu矛)鐢ㄥ鏂壒鏂�
绋嬪紡瑷庤珫闆㈠瓙婵冨害璁婂寲灏�(du矛)楣芥鍟婇倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊�銆備簡瑙� pH 闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍦栫殑
鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
1.10銆佷簡瑙ｉ沟绱犲強鍏堕噸瑕佸寲鍚堢墿鐨勫熀鏈寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸埗鍌欏拰鐢ㄩ€旓紱
姘у寲鐗╃殑鍒嗛锛涜嚟姘�銆侀亷姘у寲鐗�銆佺～鍙婂叾閲嶈鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜�
鐢ㄩ€�锛涗簡瑙ｆ爱銆佺７浠ュ強瀹冨€戠殑姘寲鐗�銆佹哀鍖栫墿銆佸惈姘ч吀鍜屽惈姘ч吀楣界殑
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸埗鍌欏拰鐢ㄩ€�銆傛帉鎻＄⒊纭呯〖鐨勫柈璩�(zh矛)銆佹哀鍖栫墿銆佹矮鍖栫墿鐨勫惈
姘у寲鍚堢墿鐨勫埗鍌欒垏鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涢€氶亷纭煎強鍏跺寲鍚堢墿鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)浜嗚В纭肩殑缂�
闆诲瓙鐗瑰緛锛涜獚(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)纰崇纭间箣闁撶殑鐩镐技鎬у拰宸暟銆�
1.11銆佹帉鎻″牽閲戝爆銆佸牽鍦熼噾灞殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂瓨鏀惧埗鍌欍€佺敤閫�锛涘叾姘�
鍖栫墿鍜屾矮鍖栫墿鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岄鍨�锛涘叾姘寲鐗╃殑婧惰В搴�銆佸牽鎬у拰楣介婧惰В搴�銆�
鐔辩┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑璁婂寲瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛涗簡瑙ｅ皪(du矛)瑙掔窔瑕�(gu墨)寰�銆傛帉鎻￠妳銆侀妧銆侀媴銆佹睘鍠唱(zh矛)鐨�
鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀敤閫�锛屽強姘у寲鐗�銆佹矮姘у寲鐗╁強閲嶈楣介鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆傛帉鎻� Cu(I)銆�
Cu(II);Hg(I)銆丠g(II)涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浜掕畩鍖栥€傛帉鎻� IIA 鍜� IIB;IIA 鍜� IIB
鏃忓厓绱犵殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)灏�(du矛)姣�銆傛帉鎻￠亷娓″厓绱犵殑鍍�(ji脿)闆诲瓙妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婂叾鍏冪礌閫氭€�
鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涙帉鎻￠亷娓″厓绱犻壔銆侀尦鐨勫柈璩�(zh矛)鍙婂寲鍚堢墿鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀敤閫�銆傛帉鎻￠惖銆�
閳�銆侀幊鍠唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾閲嶈鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀敤閫�
2銆佸垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)
2.1銆佺悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙绯荤当(t菕ng)瑾ゅ樊鑸囬毃姗�(j墨)瑾ゅ樊姒傚康锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熷師鍥犲強娓涘厤鏂规硶銆�
鏈夋晥鏁�(sh霉)瀛楃殑鎰忕京锛屾暩(sh霉)瀛楃殑淇磩瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧強鏈夋晥鏁�(sh霉)瀛楃殑閬�(y霉n)绠楄(gu墨)鍓�锛涗簡瑙ｇ疆淇�
搴�锛屽钩鍧囧€肩殑缃俊鍗€(q奴)闁撶殑姒傚康鍙婅▓(j矛)绠�锛屾サ宸拰涓綅鍊兼蹇点€傚(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)娓�(c猫)瀹�
鏁�(sh霉)鍊肩殑姝ｇ⒑琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆�
2.2銆佺悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙婊村畾銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忛粸(di菐n)銆佹淮瀹氱祩榛�(di菐n)銆佹寚绀哄姂銆�
绲傞粸(di菐n)瑾ゅ樊绛夋蹇靛強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛屾淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶灏�(du矛)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)瑕佹眰锛屽悇绋淮瀹�
鍒嗘瀽鏂瑰紡鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ浠�锛屽熀婧�(zh菙n)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬蹇靛強瑕佹眰锛屾淮瀹氬垎鏋愪腑鐨�
瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
2.3銆佺悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙閰稿牽閰稿牽鍚勭祫鍒嗙殑鍒嗗竷鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)鍙婂叾婵冨害鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛岀悊瑙�
鎸囩ず鍔戠殑璁婅壊鍘熺悊銆佺悊璜栬畩鑹查粸(di菐n)銆佽畩鑹茶寖鍦嶇瓑銆傚父鐢ㄦ寚绀哄姂鐢插熀绱呫€�
鐢插熀姗�銆侀厷閰炵殑璁婅壊鑼冨湇鍙婂叾閬告搰鍘熷墖銆傚挤(qi谩ng)閰稿牽鐩镐簰婊村畾鍙婂挤(qi谩ng)鍫�(閰�)
婊村畾涓€鍏冨急閰�(鍫�)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忛粸(di菐n)鍙婃淮瀹氱獊韬嶈寖鍦嶇殑 pH 鍊艰▓(j矛)绠楋紝婊村畾
鏇茬窔瑷�(j矛)绠楄垏绻埗銆備簡瑙ｅ鍏冮吀鍫垮垎姝ユ淮瀹氭檪(sh铆)鍚勫寲瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忛粸(di菐n) pH 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆�
閰稿牽婊村畾涓� CO2 鐨勫奖闊�銆�
2.4銆佺悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙绲�(lu貌)鍚堝钩琛�銆佺怠(lu貌)鍚堢墿鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鍙婃浠剁┅(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)
绠�锛岀怠(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氬寲瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忛粸(di菐n)鏅�(sh铆)鐨� pM銆乸M'瑷�(j矛)绠�锛岀祩榛�(di菐n)瑾ゅ樊锛屽奖闊跨怠(lu貌)鍚堟淮
瀹氱獊韬嶇殑鍥犵礌锛屼簡瑙ｇ怠(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氬彲琛屾€х殑鍒ゆ柗銆傛帉鎻℃寚绀哄姂閬告搰鍘熷墖锛�
甯哥敤鎸囩ず鍔戦鍨嬨€佽畩鑹插師鐞嗗強浣跨敤姊濅欢銆備簡瑙ｆ贩鍚堥洟瀛愮怠(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氶€�(j矛n)琛�
閬告搰鎬ф淮瀹氱殑姊濅欢锛屾帶鍒堕吀搴﹀垎鍒ユ淮瀹�锛屾帺钄藉姂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ師鍓�銆�
2.5銆佺悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙闆绘サ闆讳綅銆佹浠堕浕妤甸浕浣嶆蹇�锛屾憾娑查珨绯讳腑鍚勫洜绱�
灏�(du矛)闆绘サ闆讳綅鐨勫奖闊匡紝骞惰兘鐢� Nernst 鍏紡瑷�(j矛)绠�锛屾帉鎻℃哀鍖栭倓鍘熷钩琛″父
鏁�(sh霉)鍙婃浠跺钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆傛哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭洸绶氫腑鍖栧(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忛粸(di菐n)闆讳綅瑷�(j矛)绠椼€�
鐞嗚В褰遍熆姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熷害鐨勫洜绱犲強婊村畾鍒嗘瀽鏅�(sh铆)鍚勭ó鐩告噳(y墨ng)鎺柦銆傛帉鎻�
鑷韩鎸囩ず鍔戝拰鐗规畩鎸囩ず鍔�锛屾寚绀哄姂閬告搰鍘熷墖銆備簡瑙ｆ淮瀹氶爯(y霉)铏曠悊鐨勬剰缇�
鍙婇爯(y霉)铏曠悊瑭﹀姂閬告搰銆侹MnO4 娉�銆� K2Cr2O7 娉�銆両2 娉曞師鐞�銆佺壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
2.6銆佺悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙褰遍熆娌夋穩婧惰В搴︾殑鍥犵礌鍙婃矇娣€婧惰В搴︾殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛岀悊瑙�
閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽灏�(du矛)娌夋穩褰㈠紡鍜岀ū閲忓舰寮忕殑瑕佹眰锛岀祼(ji茅)鏋滆▓(j矛)绠楀強鎻涚畻鍥犳暩(sh霉)銆備簡瑙�
娌夋穩琛ㄩ潰鍚搁檮瑕�(gu墨)寰�銆傛櫠褰㈠強鐒″畾鍨嬫矇娣€鐨勬矇娣€?xi脿ng)l浠躲€傛礂婊屾恫鐨勯伕鎿囧師
鍓囧強娲楁粚鎿嶄綔鐨勫悎鐞嗘€�銆傜悊瑙ｆ矇娣€婊村畾鐨� Mohr锛孷olhard 娉�锛孎(xi脿n)ajans
娉曞師鐞�銆佺壒榛�(di菐n)鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ浠躲€�
2.7銆佷簡瑙ｅ垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)涓父鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗛洟鍜屽瘜闆嗘柟娉曪紝灏�(du矛)娌夋穩鍒嗛洟娉�銆佹彯鐧�(f膩)
鍜岃捀椁惧垎闆㈡硶銆佽悆鍙栧垎闆㈡硶銆侀洟瀛愪氦鎻涘垎闆㈡硶绛夋湁鍒濇鐨勮獚(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)銆�
鍏�銆佸弮鑰冩浉锛�
銆婄劇姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬩笂涓嬪唺(c猫) 鍖椾含甯寖澶у(xu茅)涓荤法 楂樻暀鍑虹増绀� 绗洓鐗�
銆婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)銆� 姝︽饥澶у(xu茅)涓荤法 楂樻暀鍑虹増绀� 绗簲鐗�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
