鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁+銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
1 銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗 涓€銆� 瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎鍙婅€冭│鏅傞枔 瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎锛�150 鍒�?锛熻崥鍤俽闁擄細3 灏忔檪銆� 浜�銆� 瑭﹂椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) 閬告搰椤�锛涘~绌洪锛涜▓(j矛)绠楅锛涘晱绛旈绛�銆� 涓�銆� 涓昏鍙冭€冩浉 锛�1锛夊倕鐛�(xi脿n)褰┿€侀櫝鐟炶彲绶ㄣ€婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬶紙楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�锛岀浜旂増锛夈€� 锛�2锛変腑鑿汉姘戝叡鍜屽湅鍦嬪妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n) GB3102路8 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鍜屽垎瀛愮墿鐞嗗(xu茅)鐨勯噺鍜屽柈浣�銆� 鍥�銆佽€冩煡鍏�(n猫i)瀹� 浠ュ熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶鐨勫舰寮�锛屽垪鍑哄叿楂� 鐨勮€冩牳鑼冨湇銆� 绗竴绔� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 楂旂郴鑸囩挵(hu谩n)澧�锛涘挤(qi谩ng)搴︽€ц唱(zh矛)鑸囧閲忔€ц唱(zh矛)锛涚媭鎱�(t脿i)銆佺媭鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)銆佺媭鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼寮�锛涢亷绋�銆侀€斿緫銆侀亷绋� 閲�锛涘彲閫嗛亷绋嬪拰涓嶅彲閫嗛亷绋�锛涚啽銆佸姛銆佺啽鍔涘(xu茅)鑳姐€佺創锛涚啽瀹�锛涘弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)搴�锛涚啽鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐢熸垚 鐔�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐕冪噿鐔�锛涚⿳鍒嗘憾瑙g啽銆佸井鍒嗘憾瑙g啽锛涢嵉鐒�銆侀嵉瑙i洟鑳�锛涚劍鈥旀汞鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佺劍鈥旀汞绯绘暩(sh霉)绛�銆� 浜屻€佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鐨勬枃瀛楄〃杩板強鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛涜搵鏂畾寰�銆佸熀鐖炬垐澶畾寰嬶紱鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥 灏嶇啊鍠媭鎱�(t脿i)璁婂寲閬庣▼鐨勫垎鏋�锛涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥灏嶇浉璁婇亷绋嬬殑鍒嗘瀽锛涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥灏嶅寲瀛�(xu茅)璁� 鍖栫殑鍒嗘瀽锛涚悊鎯虫埃楂旂殑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐗瑰緛銆� 涓�銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 鍦� 298.15K 鏅傜殑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱鍏跺畠婧害涓嬬殑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涚啊鍠媭鎱�(t脿i)璁婂寲閬庣▼涓� Q銆乄銆� 鈻砋銆佲柍H 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涚浉璁婇亷绋嬩腑 Q銆乄銆佲柍U銆佲柍H 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)璁婂寲閬庣▼涓� Q銆乄銆佲柍U銆佲柍H 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆� 绗簩绔� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 閬庣▼鏂瑰悜鑸囬檺搴�锛涘崱璜惧惊鐠�(hu谩n)锛岀啽姗�(j墨)鏁堢巼锛涚啽婧晢銆佺喌銆佽(gu墨)瀹氱喌锛涘悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳斤紝璧闇� 鏂嚜鐢辫兘锛涘強鐗瑰畾姊濅欢涓嬧柍G 鑸団柍F 鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇┿€� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勮〃杩板強鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛涘崱璜惧師鐞�锛涚喌澧炲姞鍘熺悊锛涢亷绋嬫柟鍚戣垏闄愬害鐨勫垽鏂�锛� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥灏嶇禃鐔辩啊鍠媭鎱�(t脿i)璁婂寲閬庣▼鐨勫垎鏋�锛涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥灏嶉潪绲曠啽绨″柈鐙€鎱�(t脿i)璁婂寲 锛堢瓑婧€佺瓑澹撳強绛夊绛夛級閬庣▼鐨勫垎鏋�锛涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥灏嶇浉璁婇亷绋嬬殑鍒嗘瀽锛涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥 2 灏嶅寲瀛�(xu茅)璁婂寲閬庣▼鐨勫垎鏋�锛涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗笁瀹氬緥锛涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂圭▼寮�锛涚壒寰佸亸寰晢锛堝惈鍚夆€斾亥鍏紡锛�锛� Maxwell 闂�(gu膩n)绯诲紡绛�銆� 涓�銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 鐔辨(j墨)鏁堢巼銆佸崱璜惧惊鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涚啊鍠媭鎱�(t脿i)璁婂寲鐨勭啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉) Q銆乄銆佲柍U銆佲柍H銆佲柍S銆佲柍G銆� 鈻矨 瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涚浉璁婇亷绋嬬殑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉) Q銆乄銆佲柍U銆佲柍H銆佲柍S銆佲柍G銆佲柍A 瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)璁婂寲閬庣▼鐨� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉) Q銆乄銆佲柍U銆佲柍H銆佲柍S銆佲柍G銆佲柍A 瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涜(gu墨)瀹氱喌鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)闂�(gu膩n)绯诲紡鐨勮瓑鏄庢垨 鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)銆� 绗笁绔� 绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙) 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈亣瑷�(sh猫)锛涘畾浣嶇郴绲�(t菕ng)鑸囬潪瀹氫綅绯荤当(t菕ng)锛涚啊骞舵厠(t脿i)鑸囬潪绨″苟鎱�(t脿i)锛涢厤鍒嗗嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 鐜昏尣鏇肩当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)锛涙渶姒傜劧鍒嗗竷銆� 涓�銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 鏈€姒傜劧鍒嗗竷瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涘垎瀛愬钩鍕曘€佽綁(zhu菐n)鍕曞拰鎸嫊閰嶅垎鍑芥暩(sh霉)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涚悊鎯虫埃楂旂啊鍠垎瀛愮殑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐙€ 鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)瑷�(j矛)绠椼€� 绗洓绔� 婧舵恫鈥斺€斿绲勫垎楂旂郴鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢� 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 鍋忔懇鐖鹃噺锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�锛涚悊鎯虫恫鎱�(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗�銆佺悊鎯崇█婧舵恫锛涢珨绯讳腑鍚勭墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎱�(t脿i)銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 鍋忔懇鐖剧殑闆嗗悎鍏紡銆丟ibbs-Duhem 鍏紡锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕㈤毃 P銆乀 鐨勮畩鍖栵紱鎷夌儚鐖惧畾寰嬭垏浜ㄥ埄瀹� 寰�锛涙憾娑蹭腑鍚勭墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕㈣〃閬�(d谩)寮忥紱娣峰悎閬庣▼涓珨绯荤啽鍔涘(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勮畩鍖�锛涚█婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬с€� 涓�銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 鐞嗘兂娑叉厠(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗╁钩琛℃埃銆佹恫鐩哥祫鎴愮殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涙湁闂�(gu膩n)娑叉厠(t脿i)娣峰悎閬庣▼涓珨绯荤啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鏀硅畩閲� 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涚█婧舵恫渚濇暩(sh霉)鎬ф湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涚敱钂告埃澹撴暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍜岀浉骞宠 鍘熺悊瑷�(j矛)绠楁恫鐩搁珨绯讳腑鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬椿搴�锛� 鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍖栧(xu茅)鍕㈡敼璁婄殑瑷�(j矛)绠椼€� 绗簲绔� 鐩稿钩琛� 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 鐩�銆佺墿绋暩(sh霉)銆佺崹(d煤)绔嬬祫鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)銆佽嚜鐢卞害锛涚浉榛�(di菐n)銆佺墿绯婚粸(di菐n)銆佺祼(ji茅)绶�銆佹恫鐩哥窔銆佹埃鐩哥窔銆佸浐鐩哥窔锛� 鎭掓哺娣峰悎鐗�銆佷綆鍏辩啍娣峰悎鐗┿€佸浐鐔旈珨锛涜嚚鐣屾渻婧舵韩搴︺€佺浉鍚堢啍榛�(di菐n)銆佷笉鐩稿悎鐔旈粸(di菐n)銆佽綁(zhu菐n)鐔旀韩搴︼紱 绌�(w臎n)瀹氬寲鍚堢墿銆佷笉绌�(w臎n)瀹氬寲鍚堢墿锛涙鍐锋洸绶�锛涘柈绲勫垎楂旂郴鐨� P鈥擳 鍦栵紱闆欐恫楂旂郴鐨� T鈥擷 鍦栧強 P鈥擷 鍦栵紙瀹屽叏浜掓憾銆侀儴鍒嗕簰婧躲€佸畬鍏ㄤ笉浜掓憾锛�锛涗簩鍏冨嚌鑱氶珨绯荤殑 T鈥擷 鍦栵紙绨″柈浣庡叡鐔�銆佸舰鎴愮┅(w臎n) 瀹氬寲鍚堢墿銆佸舰鎴愪笉绌�(w臎n)瀹氬寲鍚堢墿銆佸畬鍏ㄤ簰婧躲€侀儴鍒嗕簰婧�銆佸畬鍏ㄤ笉浜掓憾锛�锛涗笁娑查珨绯荤浉鍦�锛涙按鈥� 楣戒笁鍏冮珨绯荤浉鍦栵紙鍖呮嫭绨″柈銆佺敓鎴愭按鍚堢墿鍙婂京(f霉)楣斤級銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 鐩稿钩琛$殑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)姊濅欢锛涚浉寰�锛汣lapeyron 鏂圭▼鍙� Clapeyron -Clausius 鏂圭▼锛涘垎閰嶅畾寰�锛� 鏉犳】瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛涚壒榄爴瑕�(gu墨)鍓囷紱鍒嗛ぞ鍙婃按钂告埃钂搁ぞ鍘熺悊銆� 3 涓�銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 浜掓垚骞宠 鐨勭浉鐩稿皪閲忕殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涙湁闂�(gu膩n)鐩告暩(sh霉)銆佺崹(d煤)绔嬬祫鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)鍜岃嚜鐢卞害鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紱鍠祫鍒嗗叐鐩稿钩琛� 楂旂郴 P鈥擳 闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涚啽鍒嗘瀽娉曞強浜屽厓鐩稿湒鐨勭躬鍒�锛涙憾瑙e害娉曞強浜屽厓鐩稿湒鐨勭躬鍒�锛涚啊鍠殑 涓夌祫鍒嗙浉鍦�锛涚浉鍦栫敤浜庡垎闆�銆佹彁绱旂殑瑷�(j矛)绠楃瓑銆� 绗叚绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘锛坉G/d尉 锛塗锛孭锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)瑕拰鍕� A= -鈭懳� B渭 B锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勨柍rG 0 m 鍜� 鈻硆Gm锛涚墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐢熸垚鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘锛涘悇绋钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)寮忓強瀹冨€戜箣闁撶殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛涘浐楂旂殑鍒� 瑙e鍙婂垎瑙f韩搴�銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勭啽鍔涘(xu茅)姊濅欢锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛夋韩鏂圭▼寮�锛涙韩搴﹀皪骞宠 鐨勫奖闊匡紱鍚勭ó鍥犵礌灏嶅弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏂� 鍚戝強骞宠 鐢�(ch菐n)鐜囩殑褰遍熆銆� 涓�銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鑸囧钩琛℃贩鍚堢墿绲勬垚鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紙鍚悓鏈熷钩琛★級锛涚敱鍙冨姞鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍚勭墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勭啽鍔涘(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛) 锛堚柍f G 0 m锛涒柍f H 0 m锛孲 0 m锛� Cp,m 绛夛級瑷�(j矛)绠楀寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勨柍rG 0 m 鑸団柍rG m锛涘浐楂斿垎瑙e锛屽垎瑙f韩搴� 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆� 绗竷绔� 闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 闆诲皫(d菐o)銆侀浕灏�(d菐o)鐜�銆佹懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜�锛涢洟瀛愰伔绉绘暩(sh霉)銆侀洟瀛愰浕灏�(d菐o)鐜�銆侀洟瀛愭穼搴�锛涢浕瑙h唱(zh矛)娲诲害銆侀洟瀛� 骞冲潎娲诲害銆佸钩鍧囨椿搴︾郴鏁�(sh霉)銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 婵冨害銆佹韩搴﹀皪闆诲皫(d菐o)銆侀浕灏�(d菐o)鐜�銆佹懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜囩殑褰遍熆锛涢洟瀛愮崹(d煤)绔嬬Щ鍕曞畾寰嬶紱寰楁嫓鈥斿挨鏍肩埦闆� 瀛愪簰鍚哥悊璜�銆侀洟瀛愭皼妯″瀷銆� 涓�銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 闆诲皫(d菐o)鐨勬脯瀹氭柟娉曞強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱閬风Щ瑷寸殑娓畾鏂规硶鍙婃湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涢洟瀛愬挤(qi谩ng)搴�銆佺敤 D鈥擧 鍏紡 瑷�(j矛)绠椾互鍙� 纬 卤锛涚暟闆㈠瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)灏嶆憾瑙e害鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涢浕灏�(d菐o)娓畾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆� 绗叓绔� 鍙€嗛浕姹犵殑闆诲嫊鍕㈠強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢� 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 鍘熼浕姹�銆侀浕瑙f睜銆侀浕妤靛懡鍚�锛涘彲閫嗚垏涓嶅彲閫嗛浕姹犮€佸寲瀛�(xu茅)闆绘睜銆佹績宸浕姹犮€佸柈娑茶垏闆欐恫闆� 姹�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘睜锛涚浉闁撻浕鍕㈠樊銆佹帴瑙搁浕鍕�銆佹恫鎺ラ浕鍕€€侀菇鏋�锛涘彲閫嗛浕妤靛垎椤炲強甯歌闆绘サ鐨勪娇鐢ㄣ€� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 闆绘サ闆诲嫝銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝锛涘彲閫嗛浕姹�?z茅)宕冾洷W(xu茅)锛涢浕鍕曞嫝鍙婂叾娓畾鍘熺悊銆佽兘鏂壒鏂圭▼銆� 涓夈€佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 鏍规摎(j霉)闆绘睜绗﹁櫉鏇稿闆绘サ鍜岄浕姹犲弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)瑕佹眰瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)闆绘睜锛涘悇椤為浕妤电殑闆绘サ闆诲嫝鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛� 鍚勯闆绘睜闆诲嫊鍕㈢殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ浕鍖栧(xu茅)鏂规硶娓畾銆佽▓(j矛)绠楃啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛涙噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ浕鍖栧(xu茅)鏂规硶瑷�(j矛)绠楀悇椤� 骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)锛涢浕鍕曞嫝娓畾鐨勫叾瀹冩噳(y墨ng)鐢� pH 娓畾銆佄� 卤娓畾绛夈€� 4 绗節绔� 闆昏В鑸囨サ鍖栦綔鐢� 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 闆昏В鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆佸垎瑙i浕澹�锛涙サ鍖栥€佹サ鍖栨洸绶�銆佽秴闆诲嫝锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)闆绘簮銆侀噾灞殑闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)鑵愯潟銆侀槻鑵� 鏂规硶銆佽厫铦曢浕娴�銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)妤靛寲銆佹矮瓒呴浕鍕㈢悊璜�锛涘鑿茬埦鍏紡銆佹績宸サ鍖�銆佹瀽鍑洪浕鍕㈣垏鏋愬嚭闋嗗簭銆� 涓�銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 鑸囨硶鎷夌闆昏В瀹氬緥鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涘(sh铆)闅涙瀽鍑洪浕鍕㈢殑瑷�(j矛)绠楀強闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫垽鏂�銆� 绗崄绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)锛堜竴锛� 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼銆侀€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)锛涢€熺巼鏂圭▼銆佸嫊鍔涘(xu茅)鏂圭▼锛涘熀鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸熀鍏冩椹�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍒嗗瓙鏁�(sh霉)锛涘熀 鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲诲寲鑳�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱氭暩(sh霉)锛涘崐琛版湡锛涙椿鍖栬兘鍜岃〃瑙€娲诲寲鑳�銆佹寚鍓嶅洜瀛愶紱灏嶅硻鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸钩琛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆� 閫g簩(x霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚洿閺堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹敮閺堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涘弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗐€佹焙閫熸椹�銆佺⒑瀹氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑涓昏姝ラ绛�銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 鍏锋湁绨″柈绱氭暩(sh霉)鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊鍔涘(xu茅)鐗瑰緛锛涙韩搴﹀皪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�銆丄rrhenius 鏂圭▼锛涘悇椤炲吀 鍨嬪京(f霉)闆滃弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊鍔涘(xu茅)鐗瑰緛锛涚┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)杩戜技鑸囧钩琛″亣瑷�(sh猫)銆� 涓�銆佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 鍏锋湁绨″柈绱氭暩(sh霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊鍔涘(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)銆佸崐琛版湡鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉曪紱鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绱氭暩(sh霉)鍙婃椿鍖栬兘鐨� 瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娓畾锛涜垏 Arrhenius 鏂圭▼鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紱鐢卞弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗘浉瀵拰鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)閫熺巼鏂圭▼锛涘京(f霉)闆滃弽鎳�(y墨ng)琛ㄨ 娲诲寲鑳藉強鍩哄厓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲诲寲鑳戒及绠�锛涘吀鍨嬪京(f霉)闆滃弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊鍔涘(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆� 绗崄涓€绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)锛堜簩锛� 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 纰版挒鐩村緫銆佺鎾炴埅闈�銆佺鎾炲弮鏁�(sh霉)銆侀柧鑳�銆佺鎾炴暩(sh霉)銆佹湁鏁堢鎾炴暩(sh霉)銆佹湁鏁堢鎾炲垎?j菒n)?sh霉)銆佸咕鐜囧洜 瀛�銆侀牷鐜囧洜瀛愶紱鍕㈣兘闈�銆佸嫝鑳藉娲诲寲绲�(lu貌)鍚堢墿銆佹椿鍖栫創鈻硆H 鈮� m銆佹椿鍖栫喌鈻硆S 鈮� m銆佹椿鍖栧悏甯冩柉鑷� 鐢辫兘鈻硆G 鈮� m 绛夛紱鍌寲鐨勫熀鏈悕瑭�銆佽(sh霉)瑾炲拰鍌寲浣滅敤锛涘厜鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈悕瑭�銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 璩�(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾寰�锛涙埃鐩稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)绨″柈纰版挒鐞嗚珫瑕侀粸(di菐n)鍙婂熀鏈叕寮忥紱閬庢浮鎱�(t脿i)鐞嗚珫瑕侀粸(di菐n)鍙婂熀鏈叕寮�锛� 鏋楀緱鏇煎柈鍒嗗瓙鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐞嗚珫锛涙憾娑蹭腑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊鍔涘(xu茅)鐗瑰緛锛堝惈闆㈠瓙寮�(qi谩ng)搴︾殑褰遍熆锛�锛涜〃闈㈣唱(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾 寰嬪湪澶氱浉鍌寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涜〃闈㈠弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐐烘焙閫熸椹熺殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊鍔涘(xu茅)鐗瑰緛锛涘厜鍖栧(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鍜� 绗簩瀹氬緥锛涘厜鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐗瑰緛銆� 涓夈€佸熀鏈▓(j矛)绠楄垏鍩烘湰鏂规硶 绨″柈纰版挒鐞嗚珫涓鎾炴暩(sh霉)锛屾湁鏁堢鎾炲垎?j菒n)?sh霉)鍜岄€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紱閬庢浮鎱�(t脿i)鐞嗚珫涓柍rH 鈮� m銆� 鈻硆S 鈮� m 鍙� Ea 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涢噺瀛愮敘(ch菐n)鐜囩殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涙湁闂�(gu膩n)鍌寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)琛ㄨ娲诲寲鑳界瓑鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆� 绗崄浜岀珷 鐣岄潰鐝�(xi脿n)璞� 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 5 姣旇〃闈紙鍒嗘暎搴︼級銆佹瘮琛ㄩ潰鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘琛ㄩ潰鍔熴€佽〃闈㈠嫉鍔�锛涘惛闄勪綔鐢紙鐗╃悊鍚搁檮銆佸寲 瀛�(xu茅)鍚搁檮銆佸惛闄勯噺锛涘惛闄勭啽銆佸惛闄勬洸绶�銆佸悏甯冩柉鍚搁檮瓒呴噺锛�锛涜〃闈㈡椿鎬у姂锛堝垎椤�銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆佽啝鏉�銆� CMC 鍊�銆丠LB 鍊硷級锛涙饯婵曘€侀嫪灞�銆佹帴瑙歌銆佹瘺绱�(x矛)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 鍠垎瀛愬惛闄勭悊璜栵紙鏈楁牸绻嗙埦鍚搁檮锛夛紱BET 澶氬垎瀛愬堡鍚搁檮鐞嗚珫锛涘紬铇緱閲屽笇鍚搁檮绛夋韩寮忥紱 鍚夊竷鏂惛闄勭瓑婧紡锛涘綆鏇叉恫闈㈢殑闄勫姞澹撳姏 Laplace 鍏紡锛涘綆鏇叉恫闈㈣捀姘e銆並elvin 鍏� 寮忓強浠嬬┅(w臎n)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆� 涓�銆佸熀鏈柟娉曡垏鍩烘湰瑷�(j矛)绠� 琛ㄩ潰鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱鍚搁檮绛夋韩寮忕殑鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠楋紙鍚搁檮绛夋韩寮忎腑甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勭⒑瀹�銆佹瘮琛ㄩ潰銆� 鍚搁檮閲�銆佽〃闈㈠堡鍒嗗瓙鎴潰绌嶏級锛涜垏鏇茬巼鍗婂緫鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紙闄勫姞澹撳姏钂告埃澹�銆佹憾瑙e害锛�銆� 绗崄涓夌珷 鑶犻珨鍒嗘暎楂旂郴鍙婂ぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫 涓€銆佸熀鏈蹇佃垏鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨 鍒嗘暎鐩搞€佸垎鏁d粙璩�(zh矛)銆佸悇绋垎鏁i珨绯�锛涙憾鑶犵殑鍩烘湰鐗瑰緛鑸囪啝鍦�(tu谩n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涘竷閮庨亱(y霉n)鍕�銆佹摯(ku貌)鏁�銆佹矇 闄嶃€佹矇闄嶅钩琛�锛涗竵閬�(d谩)鐖剧従(xi脿n)璞�銆佸厜鐨勬暎灏勶紱闆绘吵銆侀浕婊层€侀浕鍕曠従(xi脿n)璞°€佄� 闆诲嫝锛涘ぇ鍒嗗瓙灏嶆憾鑶� 鐨勪繚璀�(h霉)浣滅敤銆佹晱鍖栦綔鐢�锛涙憾鑶犵殑鍒跺倷鑸囧噲鍖�锛涘ぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫鐗瑰緛銆佸ぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫绮樺害鑸囩浉灏嶅钩鍧� 鍒嗗瓙璩�(zh矛)閲忥紙鏁�(sh霉)鍧�銆佽唱(zh矛)鍧�銆佺矘鍧囷級銆� 浜�銆佸熀鏈畾寰嬭垏鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫 鑶犲湗(tu谩n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯洐闆诲堡鐞嗚珫锛涜啝楂旂┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х悊璜栵紙DLVO 鐞嗚珫锛夛紱鑶犻珨鑱氭矇瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶紙鍙旈噰鍝堜唬瑕�(gu墨) 寰�銆佹劅鑶犻洟瀛愬簭锛夛紱鍏夋暎灏勭殑闆疯悐鍏紡锛涙矇闄嶉€熺巼鍏紡鍙婇珮搴﹀垎甯冨緥锛涘ぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫鐨勬徊閫忓 鑸囧攼鍗楀钩琛°€� 涓�銆佸熀鏈柟娉曡垏鍩烘湰瑷�(j矛)绠� 鍒╃敤婧惰啝鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)閫�(j矛n)琛屾湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛浳� 闆诲嫝鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紱澶у垎瀛愭憾璩�(zh矛)鐩稿皪骞冲潎鍒嗗瓙閲忕殑娓� 瀹�锛涘ぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫鐨勬徊閫忓鍙婂攼鍗楀钩琛$殑鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠椼€�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠h〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
|