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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
1
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瑭﹀嵎绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氬叡 100 鍒�锛屽叾涓€婄劇姗熷寲瀛搞€嬬磩鍗� 30锛咃紝銆婂垎鏋愬寲瀛搞€嬬磩鍗� 30锛�锛屻€婃湁姗熷寲瀛搞€嬬磩鍗� 40锛�銆�
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銆婃湁姗熷寲瀛搞€嬶紙绗簲鐗堬級锛屾潕鏅涓荤法锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2011
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绗竴閮ㄥ垎锛氱劇姗熷寲瀛�
锛堜竴锛夌劇姗熷寲瀛稿師鐞嗛儴鍒�
1銆佸師瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
浜嗚В鍘熷瓙鑳界礆銆佸師浜庤粚閬�(娉㈠嚱鏁�(sh霉))鍜岄浕瀛愪簯绛夋蹇�銆傜啛鎮夊洓鍊嬮噺瀛愭暩(sh霉)鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇╁拰鍙栧€煎強灏嶆牳澶栭浕瀛愰亱鍕曠媭鎱�(t脿i)鐨勬弿杩�銆備簡瑙ｅ厓绱犲湪鍛ㄦ湡琛ㄤ腑鐨勪綅缃�銆傛帉
2
鎻″師瀛愭牳澶栭浕瀛愭帓甯冪殑涓€鑸(gu墨)寰嬪拰涓绘棌鍏冪礌銆侀亷娓″厓绱犲師瀛愮殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛銆傝兘瀵嚭鍏冪礌鐨勬牳澶栭浕瀛愭帓甯冨拰鍍归浕瀛愬堡妲�(g貌u)鍨嬶紝鑳藉寰炲師瀛愮殑闆诲瓙灞ょ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)浜嗚В鍏�
绱犵殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆備簡瑙ｅ師瀛愬崐寰戙€侀浕闆㈣兘銆侀浕瀛愯Κ鍚堣兘鍜岄浕璨犳€х殑鍛ㄦ湡鎬ц畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰�銆�
2銆佸寲瀛搁嵉鑸囧垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鐞嗚В闆㈠瓙閸电殑鍩烘湰鍚京锛堟蹇�锛岄洟瀛愮殑闆昏嵎銆佹(g貌u)鍨�銆侀洟瀛愬崐寰戯級锛岀悊瑙ｆ櫠鏍艰兘鐨勫惈缇�銆傜悊瑙ｅ児閸电悊璜�锛屾帉鎻∠� 閸�銆佅€ 閸典互鍙婇洔鍖栬粚閬撶殑姒傚康銆傜啛鎮夐洔鍖栬粚
閬撻鍨�(sp锛宻p2
锛宻p3
锛宒sp3
锛宒2
sp3
锛宻p3
d2
)鑸囧垎瀛愭(g貌u)鍨嬬殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傜悊瑙ｅ奖闊垮叡鍍瑰垎瀛愰嵉鍙冩暩(sh霉)鐨勪富瑕佸洜绱犮€傛渻鐢ㄩ洔鍖栬粚閬撶悊璜栧拰鍍瑰堡闆诲瓙灏嶄簰鏂ョ悊璜栬鏄嶢Bn
鍨嬪叡鍍瑰垎瀛愬拰鍘熷瓙鍦樻垨闆㈠瓙鐨勭┖闁撴(g貌u)鍨�銆備簡瑙ｅ垎瀛愯粚閬撶悊璜�锛岃兘澶�?q奴)鎳楅緟璇欘挐鑺疯皶顑曠p鍘熷瓙鍒嗗瓙鐨勫垎瀛愯粚閬撳苟鍒ゆ柗鍒嗗瓙鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у強纾佹€�銆備簡瑙ｄ笉鍚岄鍨�
鏅堕珨锛堥洟瀛愭櫠楂�銆佸師瀛愭櫠楂�銆佸垎瀛愭櫠楂�銆侀噾灞櫠楂旓級鐨勭壒鎬у強鑸囪唱(zh矛)榛為枔浣滅敤鍔涚殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傛帉鎻″垎瀛愰枔浣滅敤鍔涘拰姘嵉鐨勭壒榛烇紝骞剁敤浠ヨВ閲嬫湁浜涚墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勬煇浜涚墿
鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3銆佸寲瀛哥啽鍔涘鍒濇
鎺屾彙鐒撳拰鐒撹畩鐨勬蹇�锛屽悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳藉拰鐔典互鍙婂畠鍊戠殑璁婂寲鐨勫垵姝ユ蹇�锛岀媭鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勭壒榛烇紱鎺屾彙钃嬫柉瀹氬緥銆佸苟瀛告渻鍒╃敤鐔卞姏瀛稿嚱鏁�(sh霉)琛ㄨ▓绠楁婧栫媭鎱�(t脿i)涓嬪寲瀛�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭創璁娿€佸悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳借畩鍜岀喌璁�锛涘垵姝ユ帉鎻＄敤鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘璁婂垽鏂峰寲瀛稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬柟鍚戝拰闄愬害锛涚悊瑙ｈ寖鐗归湇澶瓑婧紡骞跺鏈冭▓绠楅潪妯欐簴鎱�(t脿i)涓嬬殑鍚夊竷鏂嚜
鐢辫兘璁�锛涘垵姝ユ帉鎻″埄鐢ㄥ悏甯冩柉-璧闇嶈尣鍏紡鐨勮▓绠�銆佺悊瑙� 鈻矴 銆佲柍H 銆佲柍S涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涘鏈冧及绠楃啽鍔涘鍒嗚В婧害鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)婧害绛�銆�
4銆佸寲瀛稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼鍜屽寲瀛稿钩琛�
浜嗚В鍖栧鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫椹楁脯瀹�锛涗簡瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾寰嬪拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绱氭暩(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�銆傛帉鎻℃績搴�銆佹韩搴﹀強鍌寲鍔戝皪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熷害鐨勫奖闊�锛涙帉鎻″寲瀛稿钩
琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇靛拰骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)琛ㄩ仈寮�锛涙帉鎻℃婧栧钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯诲拰鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍖栧骞宠 鐨勮▓绠楋紱鎺屾彙鍖栧骞宠 绉诲嫊鍘熺悊銆�
5銆侀浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)婧舵恫
鎺屾彙闆婚洟骞宠 銆侀菇椤炴按瑙ｃ€佺珐娌栨憾娑茬瓑鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷堢畻銆傛帉鎻℃憾娑叉績搴︾殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶鍜屾憾瑙ｅ害锛涗簡瑙ｉ潪闆昏В璩�(zh矛)绋€婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬э紱鎺屾彙閰稿牽璩�(zh矛)瀛愮悊璜�锛涜兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ寲瀛�
骞宠 鍘熺悊鍒嗘瀽姘�銆佸急閰�銆佸急鍫跨殑闆婚洟骞宠 锛涙帉鎻″悓闆㈠瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆侀菇鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绛夊奖闊块浕闆㈠钩琛＄Щ鍕曠殑鍥犵礌锛涚啛绶存帉鎻℃湁闂�(gu膩n)闆㈠瓙婵冨害鍜宲H鍊肩殑瑷堢畻锛涙帉鎻� Ksp 鐨勬剰
缇╁強婧跺害绌嶈(gu墨)鍓囷紱鍒╃敤婧跺害绌嶈(gu墨)鍓囧垽鏂锋矇娣€鐨勭敓鎴愯垏婧惰В骞堕€茶鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷堢畻銆�
6銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑸囬浕鍖栧
鐗㈠浐鎺屾彙姘у寲閭勫師鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛涜兘鐔熺反閬嬬敤闆㈠瓙-闆诲瓙娉曢厤骞虫哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏂圭▼寮�銆備簡瑙ｅ師闆绘睜鐨勭祫鎴愬拰琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆傛帉鎻￠浕妤甸浕鍕㈠拰鍏冪礌闆诲嫝鍦栫殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
3
鐔熺反閬嬬敤鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬮€茶鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷堢畻銆傜悊瑙ｆ婧栭浕妤甸浕鍕㈢殑鎰忕京锛岃兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ婧栭浕妤甸浕鍕㈠垽鏂锋哀鍖栧姂鍜岄倓鍘熷姂鐨勫挤寮�銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬柟鍚戝拰瑷堢畻骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)锛�
鏈冪敤鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬪紡瑷庤珫闆㈠瓙婵冨害璁婂寲锛堝寘鎷敓鎴愭矇娣€鍜岄厤鍚堢墿锛夋檪闆绘サ闆诲嫝鐨勬敼璁婂拰灏嶆哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊�銆�
7銆侀厤浣嶅寲鍚堢墿
鎺屾彙閰嶅悎鐗╃祫鎴愮殑鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨锛屾帉鎻″児閸电悊璜栧拰鏅堕珨鍫寸悊璜栫殑涓昏鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛屽苟鑳界敤浜庤В閲嬮厤鍚堢墿鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傛帉鎻￠厤浣嶅钩琛＄殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鍜屼笉绌�(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇碉紱
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锛堜簩锛夊厓绱犲寲瀛搁儴鍒�
鐔熸倝涓绘棌鍏冪礌(姘�銆佸牽閲戝爆銆佸牽鍦熼噾灞�銆佺〖銆侀媮銆佺⒊銆佺銆侀尗銆侀墰銆佹爱鏃忓厓绱�銆佹哀銆佺～銆侀沟绱�)鐨勫柈璩�(zh矛)鍜岄噸瑕佸寲鍚堢墿(濡傛哀鍖栫墿銆侀沟鍖栫墿銆佹矮鍖栫墿銆佺～鍖栫墿锛庢矮
姘у寲鐗�銆佸惈姘ч吀鍙婂叾楣界瓑)鐨勫吀鍨嬫€ц唱(zh矛)(濡傞吀鍫挎€э紝姘у寲閭勫師鎬у拰鐔辩┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х瓑)锛屼互鍙婃煇浜涙€ц唱(zh矛)鍦ㄥ懆鏈熺郴涓殑璁婂寲瑕�(gu墨)寰嬨€�
閬庢浮鍏冪礌鍋�(c猫)閲嶉壔銆侀尦銆侀惖銆侀埛銆侀幊銆侀妳銆侀妧銆侀媴銆侀帢銆佹睘绛夊厓绱狅紝鍏惰姹傞櫎鑸囦富鏃忓厓绱犲熀鏈浉鍚屽锛屾噳(y墨ng)绐佸嚭閬庢浮鍏冪礌閫氭€э紝閲嶈閰嶅悎鐗╁強閲嶈闆㈠瓙鍦ㄦ按
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绗簩閮ㄥ垎锛氬垎鏋愬寲瀛�
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绗竴绡€(ji茅) 姒傝堪
瀹氶噺鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑琛ㄧず
4
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绗簩绔� 閰稿牽骞宠 鍜岄吀鍫挎淮瀹氭硶
[鏈珷閲嶉粸] 閰稿牽骞宠 鐞嗚珫鍙婂叾铏曠悊锛屽叿楂斿寘鎷細閰稿牽婧舵恫 pH 鍊笺€侀吀鍫跨祫鍒嗘績搴︾殑瑷堢畻锛岀祩榛炶宸▓绠楃瓑銆�
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閰稿牽鎸囩ず鍔戠殑鍘熺悊
5
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锛堜竴锛夊挤鍫挎淮瀹氬挤閰� 锛堜簩锛夊挤鍫挎淮瀹氫竴鍏冨急閰� 锛堜笁锛夊鍏冮吀鍜屾贩鍚堥吀鐨勬淮瀹�
绗竷绡€(ji茅) 绲傞粸瑾ゅ樊
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锛堜竴锛夋贩鍚堝牽鐨勬脯瀹� 锛堜簩锛夐姩楣戒腑姘殑娓畾
绗笁绔� 绲�(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氭硶
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EDTA 鍙婂叾铻悎鐗�
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鍓弽鎳�(y墨ng)绯绘暩(sh霉)鍜屾浠剁┅(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)
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锛堜竴锛夐噾灞洟瀛愭寚绀哄姂鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ師鐞� 锛堜簩锛夐噾灞洟瀛愭寚绀哄姂鐨勫皝闁夎垏鍍靛寲
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锛堜竴锛夌怠(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氭洸绶氬拰绲傞粸瑾ゅ樊 锛堜簩锛夋簴纰烘淮瀹氬垽鍒ュ紡鍜屽垎鍒ユ淮瀹氬垽鍒ュ紡
6
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鍠竴閲戝爆闆㈠瓙绲�(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氱殑閬╁疁閰稿害鑼冨湇
绗竷绡€(ji茅) 鎻愰珮绲�(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氶伕鎿囨€х殑閫斿緫
绲�(lu貌)鍚堟帺钄芥硶
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鐩存帴婊村畾娉�銆佽繑婊村畾娉曘€佺疆鎻涙淮瀹氭硶鍜岄枔鎺ユ淮瀹氭硶
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锛堜竴锛夋哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭寚绀哄姂 锛堜簩锛夋哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭洸绶� 锛堜笁锛夋哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氱祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷堢畻
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姘у寲鍔戝拰閭勫師鍔�
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7
[鏈珷閲嶉粸] 娌夋穩骞宠 铏曠悊锛屾矇娣€婧惰В搴︾殑涓昏褰遍熆鍥犵礌鍙婃矇娣€婧惰В搴︾殑瑷堢畻锛岄妧閲忔硶鐨勪富瑕佹柟娉曟噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
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9
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绗竴绔� 绶掕珫
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12
绗竷绡€(ji茅) 鐑兇鐨勫伐妤�(y猫)渚嗘簮鍜岀敤閫�
绗洓绔� 鐐旂兇鍜屼簩鐑兇
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鐐旂兇鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴�銆佺倲鐑磋垏鐑兇鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭暟鍚岄粸銆佷簩鐑兇鐨勫寲瀛告€ц唱(zh矛)
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 鐐旂兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�
涓€銆佷箼鐐旂殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆丼P 闆滃寲 浜屻€佺倲鐑寸殑鍛藉悕
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 鐐旂兇鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
涓€銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛) 浜�銆佸寲瀛告€ц唱(zh矛)
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绗笁绡€(ji茅) 鐐旂兇鐨勫埗鍌�
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 浜岀儻鐑�
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浜�銆侀€熺巼鎺у埗鑸囧钩琛℃帶鍒�
绗簲绔� 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�
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13
灏忕挵(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍔犳垚
闆欑挵(hu谩n)鐨勫懡鍚�
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�
涓€銆佸垎椤�
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浜�銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
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绗叚绔� 灏嶆槧鐣版(g貌u)
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14
鎵嬫€у垎瀛�
R/S 鍛藉悕
鍚竴鍊嬨€佷簩鍊嬫墜鎬х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╁皪鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 鎵嬫€у拰灏嶇ū鍥犵礌
涓€銆佹墜鎬у拰灏嶇ū鎬�
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涓€銆丗ischer 鎶曞奖寮�
浜�銆佹鍨嬪紡
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涓€銆佸叐鍊嬩笉鍚屾墜鎬х⒊
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15
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 涓嶅惈鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鏃嬪厜鍖栧悎鐗�
涓€銆佽伅(li谩n)鑻瀷
浜屻€佷笝浜岀儻鍨�
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绗竷绔� 鑺崇兇
[鏈珷閲嶉粸]
鑺崇挵(hu谩n)鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)
瀹氫綅鍩哄畾浣嶆晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮В閲嬪拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
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浜�銆佸ぇ蟺 閸�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 鍠挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�
涓€銆佸柈鍙栦唬鑺崇兇
浜�銆佷簩鍙栦唬鑺崇兇
涓�銆佷笁鍙栦唬鑺崇兇
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 鍠挵(hu谩n)鑺崇兇鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
涓€銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
16
浜�銆佸寲瀛告€ц唱(zh矛)
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涓€銆佸叐椤炲畾浣嶅熀
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鍏辫粵绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭磪绉荤従(xi脿n)璞�
17
瀹樿兘鍦樼殑鐗瑰緛鍚告敹闋荤巼
宄伴潰绌嶈垏姘師瀛愭暩(sh霉)鐩�銆佸嘲鐨勮鍒嗗拰鑷棆鍋跺悎
鍒嗗瓙闆㈠瓙宄�
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绗洓绡€(ji茅) 鏍哥鍏辨尟姘瓬锛�1
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绗節绔� 楣典唬鐑�
[鏈珷閲嶉粸]
18
楣典唬鐑风殑閲嶈鎬ц唱(zh矛)
楣典唬鐑兇鍜岄沟浠ｈ姵鐑寸殑閲嶈鍖栧鎬ц唱(zh矛)
SN1 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆丼N2 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾褰遍熆鍥犵礌
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 楣典唬鐑�
涓€銆侀沟浠ｇ兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕
浜�銆侀沟浠ｇ兎鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
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涓€銆丼N1 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
浜�銆丼N2 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
涓�銆佸奖闊垮洜绱�
绗崄绔� 閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔
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椋藉拰涓€鍏冮唶鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
19
娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛圗1銆丒2锛�
閰氥€侀啔鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫埗鍌�
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浜屻€侀厷鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
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浜�銆侀啔鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
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20
绗崄涓€绔� 閱涘拰閰�
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閱�銆侀叜鐨勫寲瀛告€ц唱(zh矛)
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閱�銆侀叜鐨勫埗鍌�
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1銆佽垏姘鞍閰哥殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�2銆佽垏鏍兼皬锛圙rignaed锛夎│鍔戠殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�3銆佽垏浜炵～閰告矮閳夌殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�4銆佽垏閱囩殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�5銆佽垏姘ㄥ強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)
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浜�銆侀倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)
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涓�銆佹哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
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浜�銆乤-H 鐨勯吀鎬у拰鎬ц唱(zh矛)
21
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22
浜�銆佺景鍩轰笂 OH 鐨勫彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)
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涓�銆佽劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)
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[鏈珷閲嶉粸]
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[鏈珷閲嶉粸]
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[鏈珷閲嶉粸]
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涓婁竴绡囨枃绔狅細 2018骞磋礇鍗楀斧鑼冨ぇ瀛搞€婁腑鍦嬬従(xi脿n)鐣朵唬鏂囧浣滃搧閬搞€嬭€冪爺寰╄│鑰冪爺澶х侗
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
