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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
瀵ф尝澶у(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│
銆婅静(n贸ng)瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗
鈪�.鑰冨療鐩
杈�(n贸ng)瀛�(xu茅)闁€椤炲寲瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│娑佃搵鐒℃鍙婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)(鎴栨櫘閫氬寲瀛�(xu茅)鍜屽垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅))銆佹湁姗熷寲瀛�(xu茅)
绛夊叕鍏卞熀绀�(ch菙)瑾茬▼銆傝姹傝€冪敓姣旇純绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦扮悊瑙ｅ拰鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨銆佸熀鏈悊璜栧拰
鍩烘湰鏂规硶锛岃兘澶犲垎鏋�銆佸垽鏂峰拰瑙ｆ焙鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐞嗚珫鍜屽闅涘晱椤屻€�
鈪�.鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佽│鍗锋豢鍒嗗強鑰冭│鏅傞枔
鏈│鍗锋豢鍒嗙偤 150 鍒嗭紝鑰冭│鏅傞枔鐐� 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
浜屻€佺瓟椤屾柟寮�
绛旈鏂瑰紡鐐洪枆鍗�銆佺瓎瑭︺€�
涓�銆佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹圭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鐒℃鍙婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅) 50%
鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅) 50%
鍥涖€佽│鍗烽鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鍠爡閬告搰椤� 30 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 2 鍒嗭紝鍏� 60 鍒�
濉┖椤� 35 绌�锛屾瘡绌� 1 鍒�锛屽叡 35 鍒�
瑷堢畻銆佸垎鏋愯垏鍚堟垚椤� 8 灏忛锛屽叡 55 鍒�
鈪�.鑰冩煡鑼冨湇
鐒℃鍙婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)
鐒℃鍙婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛富瑕佸寘鎷細鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勪竴鑸師鐞嗐€佽繎浠ｇ墿璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐞�
璜�銆佹憾娑插寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 銆侀浕鍖栧(xu茅)绛夊熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨;鍒嗘瀽瑾ゅ樊鍜屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铏曠悊鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛屾淮瀹�
鍒嗘瀽銆佸垎鍏夊厜搴﹀垎鏋愬拰闆诲嫝鍒嗘瀽绛夊父鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶銆傝姹傝€冪敓鎺屾彙鐒℃鍙婂垎鏋愬寲
瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨鍜屽熀鏈悊璜栵紝鍏锋湁鐛ㄧ珛鍒嗘瀽鍜岃В姹烘湁闂�(gu膩n)鍖栧(xu茅)鍟忛鐨勮兘鍔�銆�
涓€銆佹憾娑插拰鑶犻珨
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鍒嗘暎绯� 婧舵恫婵冨害鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉� 绋€婧舵恫鐨勯€氭€� 鑶犻珨婧舵恫
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.浜嗚В鍒嗘暎绯荤殑鍒嗛鍙婄壒榛�銆�
2.鎺屾彙鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勯噺婵冨害銆佺墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勯噺鍒嗘暩(sh霉)鍜岃唱(zh矛)閲忔懇鐖炬績搴︾殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶鍙婅▓绠�銆�
3.鎺屾彙绋€婧舵恫渚濇暩(sh霉)鎬х殑鍩烘湰姒傚康銆佽▓绠楀強鍏跺湪鐢熸椿鍜岀敓鐢�(ch菐n)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
4.鎺屾彙鑶犻珨鐨勭壒鎬у強鑶犲湗绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忕殑鏇稿銆�
5.鎺屾彙婧惰啝鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€ц垏鑱氭矇銆�
浜�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩烘湰姒傚康 鐔卞寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔辩殑瑷堢畻 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏂瑰悜鐨勫垽鏂�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.浜嗚В鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鑳姐€佺創銆佺喌鍙婂悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳界瓑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)锛屽姛鑸囩啽绛夋蹇�銆�
2.鎺屾彙鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鐨勮▓绠楋細鎭掑鐔辫垏鐒撹畩銆佹亽瀹圭啽鑸囩啽鍔涘(xu茅)鑳借畩鐨�
闂�(gu膩n)绯诲強鎴愮珛鐨勬浠�銆�
3.鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔�銆佺啽鍖栧(xu茅)鏂圭▼寮�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫插害銆佹婧栨厠(t脿i)銆佹婧栨懇鐖剧敓鎴�
鐒�銆佹婧栨懇鐖剧敓鎴愬悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬懇鐖剧創璁�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬懇鐖剧喌璁娿€�
鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬懇鐖惧悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳借畩绛夊熀鏈蹇靛強鍚夊竷鏂垽鎿�(j霉)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
4.鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勨柍rHm銆佲柍rSm銆佲柍rGm 鐨勮▓绠椼€�
5.鎺屾彙鍚夊竷鏂€斾亥濮嗛湇鑼叉柟绋嬬殑瑷堢畻鍙婃韩搴﹀皪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑷櫦(f膩)鎬х殑褰遍熆銆�
6.鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏂瑰悜鐨勮嚜鐢辫兘鍒ゆ摎(j霉)銆�
涓�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鍩烘湰姒傚康鍙婇€熺巼鏂圭▼寮� 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐞嗚珫 鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鍙婄Щ鍕�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鐞嗚В鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼銆佸熀鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸京(f霉)闆滃弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱氭暩(sh霉)銆佹椿鍖栧垎瀛愩€佹湁鏁堢
鎾炲強娲诲寲鑳界瓑鍩烘湰姒傚康銆�
2.鎺屾彙璩�(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾寰嬪強鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鏂圭▼寮忕殑鏇稿銆�
3.鎺屾彙婵冨害銆佹韩搴﹀強鍌寲鍔戝皪鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊裤€�
4.鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╁強琛ㄩ仈寮忕殑鏇稿銆�
5.鎺屾彙鈻硆Gm 鑸� K 鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯诲強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
6.鎺屾彙婵冨害銆佸鍔�銆佹韩搴﹀皪鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 绉诲嫊鐨勫奖闊�銆�
7.鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)绛夋韩鏂圭▼寮忓拰骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷堢畻銆�
鍥�銆佺墿璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鏍稿闆诲瓙鐨勯亱鍕曠媭鎱�(t脿i) 澶氶浕瀛愬師瀛愮殑鏍稿闆诲瓙鎺掑竷 鍏冪礌鍛ㄦ湡寰嬪強鍏冪礌鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鐨勫懆鏈熸€ц畩鍖� 闆㈠瓙閸靛拰鍏卞児閸电悊璜栭洔鍖栬粚閬撶悊璜� 鍒嗗瓙闁撳姏
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.浜嗚В娉㈢矑浜岃薄鎬�銆侀噺瀛愭€�(閲忓瓙鍖�)銆佹尝鍑芥暩(sh霉)(鍘熷瓙杌岄亾)銆佸咕鐜囧瘑搴�(闆诲瓙浜�)銆�
鑳界礆銆佽兘绱氱祫銆佸睆钄芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀墕绌挎晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽兘绱氫氦閷瓑姒傚康銆�
2.浜嗚В鍥涘€嬮噺瀛愭暩(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇�锛屾帉鎻″叾鍙栧€艰(gu墨)鍓�銆�
3.鎺屾彙鍘熷瓙鏍稿闆诲瓙鎺掑竷鍘熺悊鍙婃柟娉�銆�
4.鐞嗚В鍘熷瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽厓绱犲懆鏈熺郴涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屾帉鎻″厓绱犳€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫懆鏈熸€ц畩鍖�銆�
5.鐞嗚В闆㈠瓙閸佃垏鍏卞児閸电殑鐗瑰緛鍙婂崁(q奴)鍒ワ紝鎺屾彙 蟽 閸靛拰 蟺 閸电殑褰㈡垚鍙婄壒榛�銆�
6.鎺屾彙闆滃寲杌岄亾(sp銆乻p2銆乻p3)鐨勭┖闁撴(g貌u)鍨�銆侀嵉瑙掑強甯歌瀵︿緥锛屼笉绛夋€� sp3 闆�
鍖栬粚閬�(H20銆丯H3 绛�)鐨勭┖闁撴(g貌u)鍨�銆�
7.鎺屾彙鍏冪礌闆昏矤鎬у樊鍊艰垏閸垫サ鎬�銆佸伓妤电煩鑸囧垎瀛愭サ鎬х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽垎瀛愰枔鍔�(鑹叉暎
鍔涖€佽獦灏�(d菐o)鍔�銆佸彇鍚戝姏)鍜屾矮閸电殑姒傚康鍙婂皪鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊裤€�
浜�銆佸垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)姒傝珫
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
瀹氶噺鍒嗘瀽涓殑瑾ゅ樊鏈夋晥鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀強閬嬬畻瑕�(gu墨)鍓� 婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曟杩�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙瑾ゅ樊鍒嗛鑸囨笡鍏嶆柟娉曪紝绮惧瘑搴﹁垏婧栫⒑搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
2.鎺屾彙鏈夋晥鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀強閬嬬畻瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆�
3.鎺屾彙婊村畾鍒嗘瀽鍩烘湰姒傚康鍜屽師鐞�銆佹淮瀹氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮姹傝垏婊村畾鏂瑰紡銆佸熀婧栫墿璩�(zh矛)鐨�
姊濅欢銆佹婧栨憾娑茬殑閰嶅埗鍙婃淮瀹氱祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷堢畻銆�
鍏�銆侀吀鍫垮钩琛″拰閰稿牽婊村畾娉�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
閰稿牽璩�(zh矛)瀛愮悊璜� 閰稿牽骞宠 绶╂矕婧舵恫 閰稿牽婊村畾娉�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.浜嗚В璩�(zh矛)瀛愭浠跺紡鐨勬浉瀵�锛屾帉鎻″急閰�銆佸急鍫垮拰鍏╂€х墿璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫閰稿牽搴︾殑瑷堢畻銆�
2.鎺屾彙璩�(zh矛)瀛愰吀銆佽唱(zh矛)瀛愬牽銆佺█閲嬪畾寰�銆佸悓闆㈠瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佸叡杌涢吀鍫垮皪銆佽В闆㈠父鏁�(sh霉)绛�
鍩烘湰姒傚康銆�
3.鎺屾彙绶╂矕婧舵恫鐨勯鍨�銆侀厤鍒�銆佹湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷堢畻锛屼簡瑙ｅ叾鍦ㄨ静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)绉戝(xu茅)鍜岀敓鍛界瀛�(xu茅)涓�
鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
4.鎺屾彙閰稿牽鎸囩ず鍔戠殑璁婅壊鍘熺悊锛屼竴鍏冮吀(鍫�)婊村畾閬庣▼涓� pH 鐨勮畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬪強甯�
鐢ㄦ寚绀哄姂鐨勯伕鎿�銆�
5.鎺屾彙涓€鍏冨急閰�(鍫�)鑳藉惁琚簴纰烘淮瀹氱殑姊濅欢銆�
6.鎺屾彙閰稿牽婊村畾鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷堢畻銆�
涓�銆佹矇娣€婧惰В骞宠 鍜屾矇娣€婊村畾娉�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
娌夋穩婧惰В骞宠 婧跺害绌嶅師鐞嗘矇娣€婊村畾娉�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙婧跺害绌嶈垏婧惰В搴︾殑鎻涚畻銆�
2.鎺屾彙鐢辨憾搴︾⿳鍘熺悊鍒ゆ柗娌夋穩鐨勭敓鎴愯垏婧惰В銆�
3.鎺屾彙鍒嗘娌夋穩鍙婂叾绨″柈鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屼簡瑙ｆ矇娣€杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栫殑姊濅欢銆�
4.浜嗚В娌夋穩婊村畾娉曠殑鍘熺悊銆侀妧閲忔硶[鑾埦(Mohr)娉�銆佷經鐖惧搱寰�(Volhard)娉曘€佹硶
鎻氬徃(Fajans)娉昡婊村畾绲傞粸鐨勭⒑瀹�銆�
鍏€佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屾哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭硶
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng) 闆绘サ闆诲嫝鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢� 鍏冪礌闆诲嫝鍦栧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢� 姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾娉�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙姘у寲鏁�(sh霉)銆佹哀鍖栬垏閭勫師銆佹哀鍖栨厠(t脿i)銆侀倓鍘熸厠(t脿i)銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熼浕灏�銆佸師闆绘睜銆侀浕
妤甸浕鍕�銆佹婧栨矮闆绘サ绛夊熀鏈蹇�銆�
2.鎺屾彙鐢ㄩ浕姹犵铏熻〃绀哄師闆绘睜鍙婂師闆绘睜闆诲嫊鍕㈢殑瑷堢畻銆�
3.鎺屾彙鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬪紡鍙婃績搴�(鎴栧垎澹�)銆侀吀搴﹀皪闆绘サ闆诲嫝褰遍熆鐨勭浉闂�(gu膩n)瑷堢畻銆�
4.鎺屾彙闆绘サ闆诲嫝鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�(鍒ゆ柗姘у寲鍔戞垨閭勫師鍔戠殑鐩稿皪寮峰急锛岀⒑瀹氭哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)
閫茶鐨勬柟鍚�銆佹搴忓拰绋嬪害)銆�
5.鎺屾彙妯欐簴闆绘サ闆诲嫝鑸囨哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
6.浜嗚В鍏冪礌妯欐簴闆诲嫝鍦栧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
7.浜嗚В姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾娉曠殑鐗归粸锛屾哀鍖栭倓鍘熸寚绀哄姂鍒嗛銆�
8.鎺屾彙甯哥敤鐨勬哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭柟娉�(閲嶉壔閰搁墍娉�銆侀珮閷抽吀閴€娉�銆佺閲忔硶)鍙婃哀鍖�
閭勫師婊村畾绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷堢畻銆�
涔濄€侀厤浣嶅寲鍚堢墿鍜岄厤浣嶆淮瀹氭硶
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
閰嶅悎鐗╃殑鍩烘湰姒傚康 閰嶅悎鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)閸电悊璜� 閰嶄綅骞宠 閰嶄綅婊村畾娉�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙閰嶅悎鐗╁畾缇�銆佺祫鎴愬強鍛藉悕锛屼簡瑙ｅ奖闊块厤浣嶆暩(sh霉)鐨勫洜绱�銆�
2.鐞嗚В閰嶅悎鐗╃殑鍍归嵉鐞嗚珫瑕侀粸銆�
3.鎺屾彙閰嶄綅骞宠 鑸囧叾浠栧钩琛＄殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屾帉鎻″奖闊块厤浣嶅钩琛＄Щ鍕曠殑鍥犵礌鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鐨�
瑷堢畻銆�
4.浜嗚В铻悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸鍙婅灟鍚堟晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
5.浜嗚В閰嶄綅婊村畾娉曠殑鐗归粸鍙� EDTA 鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
6.鎺屾彙鍠竴閲戝爆闆㈠瓙鑳借婧栫⒑婊村畾鐨勬浠讹紝閰嶄綅婊村畾鎵€鍏佽ū鐨勬渶浣� pH 鍙婃彁
楂橀厤浣嶆淮瀹氶伕鎿囨€х殑鏂规硶銆�
7.浜嗚В閲戝爆鎸囩ず鍔戠殑璁婅壊鍘熺悊锛屽父鐢ㄦ寚绀哄姂鍙婃寚绀哄姂浣跨敤姊濅欢銆�
8.鎺屾彙閰嶄綅婊村畾鐨勬柟寮忓拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
鍗�銆侀浕鍕㈠垎鏋愭硶
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
闆诲嫝鍒嗘瀽娉曞熀鏈師鐞� 闆㈠瓙閬告搰鎬ч浕妤�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.浜嗚В闆诲嫝鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆�
2.鐞嗚В鍙冩瘮闆绘サ鍜屾寚绀洪浕妤电殑鍚京銆�
3.浜嗚В闆㈠瓙閬告搰鎬ч浕妤电殑娓畾鏂规硶銆�
鍗佷竴銆佸垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曟杩� 鍚告敹瀹氬緥椤壊鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍒嗗厜鍏夊害瑷堝強娓畾鏂规硶
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.浜嗚В鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆�
2.鎺屾彙鏈椾集涓€姣旇€冲畾寰嬬殑鍘熺悊銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ強鎽╃埦鍚稿厜绯绘暩(sh霉)锛屼簡瑙ｅ紩璧峰亸闆㈡湕浼€�
姣旇€冲畾寰嬬殑鍥犵礌銆�
3.浜嗚В椤壊鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�锛屾帉鎻￠’鑹叉浠剁殑閬告搰銆�
4.鎺屾彙鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曠殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ拰娓噺姊濅欢鐨勯伕鎿�銆�
鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)
鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛富瑕佸寘鎷細鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍛藉悕銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬�
璩�(zh矛)銆佸悎鎴愭柟娉曞強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�;鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╁悇绋鍨嬬殑鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�;鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╁垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸�
鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽吀鍨嬫湁姗熷寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熷埗銆傝姹傝€冪敓鎺屾彙鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)鐭�
璀樺拰鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫锛屽叿鏈夌崹绔嬪垎鏋愯В姹烘湁闂�(gu膩n)鍖栧(xu茅)鍟忛鐨勮兘鍔涖€�
涓€銆佹湁姗熷寲瀛�(xu茅)姒傝珫
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╄垏鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅) 鍖栧(xu茅)閸佃垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) 鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐗�
鎬�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╀腑鐨勫叡鍍归嵉锛岀⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勯洔鍖栬粚閬�锛屜� 閸靛拰 蟺 閸�锛岀⒊鍘熷瓙鐨�
鐗规€у強鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╁垎瀛愮殑绔嬮珨褰㈣薄銆�
2.浜嗚В鏈夋鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
3.鎺屾彙鏈夋鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐗瑰緛鍙婂熀鏈鍨�銆�
浜�銆侀＝鍜岃剛鑲兇
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙纰冲師瀛愮殑 sp3 闆滃寲锛屼集銆佷徊銆佸彅銆佸纰冲師瀛愮殑姒傚康锛岀兎鐑村垎瀛愮殑妲�(g貌u)璞�
琛ㄧず鏂规硶(Newman 鎶曞奖寮忓拰閫忚寮�)锛岄噸鐤婂紡鑸囦氦鍙夊紡妲�(g貌u)璞″強鑳藉锛岀挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鍙婂叾
琛嶇敓鐗╃殑妲�(g貌u)璞�銆�
2.鎺屾彙鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曞強缈�(x铆)鎱ｅ懡鍚嶆硶銆�
3.浜嗚В鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
4.鎺屾彙鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(楣典唬);浜嗚В鑷敱鍩哄弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗熷埗锛屾帉鎻′笉鍚岄鍨嬬⒊鑷敱鍩�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
5.鎺屾彙鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(涓夊厓鐠�(hu谩n)銆佸洓鍏冪挵(hu谩n)鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼簲鍏冪挵(hu谩n)銆佸叚鍏冪挵(hu谩n)鐨勫彇
浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng))銆�
涓夈€佷笉椋藉拰鑴傝偑鐑�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鐑兇銆佷簩鐑兇鍜岀倲鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙闆欓嵉纰冲師瀛愮殑 sp2 闆滃寲銆佺儻鐑寸殑鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛屼笁閸电⒊鍘熷瓙鐨� sp 闆滃寲锛屽叡
杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
2.鎺屾彙鐑兇鐨勫懡鍚�锛屾(g貌u)鍨嬬殑闋�銆佸弽鍜� Z銆丒 妯欒娉�锛屾搴忚(gu墨)鍓�;鎺屾彙鐐旂兇鐨勫懡
鍚�銆�
3.浜嗚В鐑兇鍜岀倲鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
4.鎺屾彙鐑兇鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鍔犻沟绱�銆侀沟鍖栨矮銆佹按銆佺～閰�銆佹楣甸吀銆佸偓鍖栨矮鍖�銆侀亷
姘у寲鐗╁偓鍖栦笅鐨勮嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屛� 鈥旀矮鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng);浜嗚В瑕浕鍔犳垚
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熷埗(Markovnikov 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�);鎺屾彙涓嶅悓纰虫闆㈠瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�
5.鎺屾彙鐐旂兇鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鍔犻沟绱�銆侀沟鍖栨矮銆佹按銆丠CN)锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄噾灞倲鍖�
鐗╃殑鐢熸垚銆�
6.鎺屾彙鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑 1锛�2鈥斿姞鎴愬拰 1锛�4鈥斿姞鎴�(鍔犻沟绱�銆侀沟鍖栨矮)銆侀洐鐑悎鎴�
(Diels鈥擜lder 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))銆�
鍥�銆佽姵棣欑兇
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鑺抽鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.浜嗚В鑺抽鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾帉鎻¤嫰鍜岃悩鍙婅鐢熺墿鐨勫懡鍚�銆�
2.鎺屾彙鑻殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佽姵棣欐€у強 Huckel 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆�
3.浜嗚В鑺抽鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
4.鎺屾彙鑻拰鑻殑琛嶇敓鐗╃殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(楣典唬銆佺鍖栥€佺：鍖�銆佺兎鍩哄寲鍙婄⒊姝ｉ洟
瀛愰噸鎺掋€�?锛涱姮?锛屽伌(c猫)閺堢殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽伌(c猫)閺堢殑楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng);浜嗚В钀樼殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(楣�
浠�銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�)锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
5.浜嗚В鑺崇挵(hu谩n)瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗熷埗锛屾帉鎻¤姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰嬪強闆诲瓙
鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊�
浜斻€佹棆鍏夌暟妲�(g貌u)
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)鐨勫熀鏈蹇垫(g貌u)鍨嬬殑琛ㄧず鍙婃瑷樻柟娉�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙鍋忔尟鍏夎垏鏃嬪厜鎬�銆佹棆鍏夊害鑸囨瘮鏃嬪厜搴︺€佹墜鎬у垎瀛愯垏鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙銆佸皪绋�
鍥犵礌鑸囨棆鍏夋椿鎬с€佸皪鏄犻珨鑸囬潪灏嶆槧楂�銆佸収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂旇垏澶栨秷鏃嬮珨绛夊熀鏈蹇点€�
2.鎺屾彙鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)楂旀(g貌u)鍨嬬殑 Fischer 鎶曞奖寮忓拰閫忚寮�;鎺屾彙妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬殑 R/S 鍜� D/L 妯�
瑷樻硶銆�
3.浜嗚В鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╁拰涓嶅惈鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勬墜鎬у垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
4.浜嗚В鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)楂旂殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
鍏�銆侀沟浠ｇ兇
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙楣典唬鐑风殑鐣版(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕銆�
2.浜嗚В楣典唬鐑风殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3.鎺屾彙楣典唬鐑风殑瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鑸嘓2O/NaOH銆丯aCN銆丷ONa銆佹皑鎴栬兒銆丄gNO3/
涔欓唶鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)(Saytzeff 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�)銆佽垏閲戝爆 Mg 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
4.鎺屾彙瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨� SN1銆丼N2 姗熷埗鍙婄珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鐗瑰緛;鐞嗚В娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨� E1銆�
E2 姗熷埗銆�
涓�銆侀唶銆侀厷銆侀啔
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�銆�
2.浜嗚В閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3.鎺屾彙閱囪垏閲戝爆 Na銆丮g銆丆a 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄唶鍦ㄤ綆婧笅鑸囨績寮烽吀浣滅敤锛岄唶鐨勯沟浠�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鑸� HX銆丳X3銆丳X5銆佹隘鍖栦簽鐮�銆丩ucas 瑭﹀姂鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng))锛岄唶鐨勮劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婄⒊姝�
闆㈠瓙閲嶆帓(鍒嗗瓙鍏�(n猫i)銆佸垎瀛愰枔鑴按)锛岄唶鐨勯叝鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄唶鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
4.鎺屾彙閰氱殑閰告€у強鍏跺奖闊垮洜绱�锛岄厷鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婄殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(纭濆寲銆佺：鍖�銆侀沟浠�)锛�
閰氱殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄厷鑸� FeCl3 鐨勯’鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
5.浜嗚В閱氬湪浣庢韩涓嬭垏婵冨挤閰镐綔鐢�锛岄啔閸电殑鏂疯;浜嗚В閱氶亷姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚銆佹椹�
鍜岃檿鐞�銆�
6.浜嗚В鐠�(hu谩n)姘т箼鐑风殑闁嬬挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鍔犳按銆佹皑鎴栬兒銆侀唶銆侀沟鍖栨矮銆佹牸姘忚│鍔�)銆�
鍏�銆侀啗銆侀叜銆侀唽
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
閱�銆侀叜銆侀唽鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜銆侀唽鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕銆�
2.浜嗚В閱�銆侀叜銆侀唽鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3.鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鑸� HCN銆丯aHSO3銆丷MgX銆丷OH/H+銆佹皑鐨�
琛嶇敓鐗�銆丠2O 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng))锛屛扁€旀矮鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)(伪鈥旈沟浠�銆佺茎閱涚府鍚�)锛岄啗鐨勬哀鍖栧拰姝у寲鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)(Cannizzaro 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))锛岄啗銆侀叜鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
4.浜嗚В閱�銆侀叜鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗熷埗銆�
涔�銆佺晶閰�銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
缇ч吀銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙缇ч吀銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�(鍖呮嫭閲嶈缇ч吀鐨勪織鍚�)銆�
2.浜嗚В缇ч吀銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3.鎺屾彙涓嶅悓绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)缇ч吀鐨勯吀鎬э紝缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛屼簩鍏冪晶閰哥殑鍙楃啽鍒嗚В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
缇ч吀鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀晶閰� 伪鈥旀矮鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
4.鎺屾彙缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑姘磋В銆侀唶瑙ｃ€佹皑瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛孋laisen 閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄叝鐨勯倓鍘�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄叞鑳虹殑閰稿牽鎬�锛岄叞鑳虹殑 Hofmann 闄嶈В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
5.浜嗚В鍚勭ó缇ュ熀閰哥殑鑴按鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屛扁€旂茎鍩洪吀鍙� 伪鈥旈叜閰哥殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屛扁€旈叜閰�
鍙� 尾鈥旈叜閰哥殑鍒嗚В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屛测€旈叜閰搁叝鐨勯叜寮忊€旂儻閱囧紡浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)锛涙帉鎻′箼閰颁箼閰镐箼
閰悎鎴愭硶鍜屼笝浜岄吀閰悎鎴愭硶銆�
鍗併€佽兒
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鑳虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炪€佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)閲嶆爱楣界殑鍒跺倷鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ翱绱犵殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙鑳虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕銆�
2.浜嗚В鑳虹殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3.鎺屾彙涓嶅悓绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑳虹殑鍫挎€�锛岀兎鍩哄寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�?锛涱姮顕；?y墨ng)锛岀：閰板寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(Hinsberg
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))锛岃垏浜炵閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃姵棣欒兒鐨勫埗鍌�(鑺抽纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師)鍙婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)
(楣典唬銆佺：鍖栥€佺鍖�)銆�
4.鎺屾彙閲嶆爱楣界殑鍒跺倷鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鑸� H2O銆丠3PO2銆丆uX銆丆uCN 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))锛屼簡瑙ｉ噸
姘菇鐨勫伓鑱�(li谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
5.浜嗚В灏跨礌鐨勫牽鎬�锛屾按瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屼簩绺劜鐨勭敓鎴愬強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
鍗佷竴銆佺硸椤�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
绯栭鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙鏍哥硸銆�2鈥旇劔姘ф牳绯栥€佽憽钀勭硸銆佺敇闇茬硸銆佸崐涔崇硸銆佹灉绯栫殑閺堢媭绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(Fischer
鎶曞奖寮�)銆佽畩鏃嬬従(xi脿n)璞″拰鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(Haworth 寮忓拰妲�(g貌u)璞″紡)銆�
2.鎺屾彙鏍哥硸銆�2鈥旇劔姘ф牳绯�銆佽憽钀勭硸銆佺敇闇茬硸銆佸崐涔崇硸銆佹灉绯栧強鍏剁硸鑻风殑妲�(g貌u)
鍨嬪強鍛藉悕銆�
3.鎺屾彙鍠硸鐨勭暟妲�(g貌u)鍖�銆佹哀鍖�銆侀倓鍘�銆佹垚鑴�銆佹垚鑻�銆侀啔鍖栧拰閰板熀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
4.鎺屾彙楹ヨ娊绯�銆佺簴缍簩绯�銆佷钩绯�銆佽敆绯栫殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀祫鎴�锛屼簩绯栫殑鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)(閭勫師
鎬у拰闈為倓鍘熸€�)銆傝瓨鍒ヤ簩绯栫殑閫ｆ帴鏂瑰紡銆�
5.浜嗚В娣€绮夊拰绾栫董绱犵殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺祫鎴愬強閫ｆ帴鏂瑰紡锛屾穩绮夌殑閼掑垾銆�
鍗佷簩銆佹皑鍩洪吀銆佽偨
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛) 浜岃偨鍜屼笁鑲界殑鍛藉悕
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.浜嗚В姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚嶏紝浜嗚В姘ㄥ熀閰哥殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
2.鎺屾彙 伪鈥旀皑鍩洪吀鐨勫叐鎬ф€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岀瓑闆婚粸锛屾皑鍩洪吀鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
3.浜嗚В浜岃偨鐨勭敓鎴愬強浜岃偨鍜屼笁鑲界殑鍛藉悕銆�
鍗佷笁銆佽剛椤�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
娌硅剛銆佽牊銆佺７鑴傜殑绲勬垚鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娌硅剛鍜岄珮绱氳剛鑲吀鐨勫懡鍚� 娌硅剛鐨勭悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙娌硅剛銆佽牊銆佺７鑴�(鑵︾７鑴傘€佸嵉纾疯剛)鐨勭祫鎴愬拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾补鑴傚拰楂樼礆鑴傝偑閰�
鐨勫懡鍚�銆�
2.鎺屾彙娌硅剛鐨勭殏鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婄殏鍖栧€肩殑瑷堢畻銆�
3.浜嗚В鐨傚寲鍊�銆佺鍊笺€侀吀鍊肩殑姒傚康銆�
鍗佸洓銆侀洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1.鎺屾彙鍛嬪杻銆佸悺鍜�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍟�銆佸槯鍟�銆佸柟鍟�銆佸惒鍝�銆佸槍鍛ゅ強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勫懡
鍚�銆�
2.鎺屾彙鍛嬪杻銆佸悺鍜�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍟剁殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囪姵棣欐€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紝绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囪Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽
鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
3.鎺屾彙鍚″挴鍜屽悺鍟剁殑閰稿牽鎬�锛屽憢鍠�銆佸悺鍜�銆佸櫥鍚┿€佸悺鍟剁殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(楣典唬銆�
纾哄寲)锛岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽悺鍟跺伌(c猫)閺堢殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€嬩汉瑙€榛�锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
