|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
1
纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)绲�(t菕ng)涓€鑰冭│
銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鈪犮€嬬鐩ぇ缍�
锛堢鐩唬纰硷細622锛�
瀛�(xu茅)闄㈠悕绋憋紙钃嬬珷锛夛細 鍖栧(xu茅)鍖栧伐瀛�(xu茅)闄�
瀛�(xu茅)闄㈣矤(f霉)璨�(z茅)浜猴紙绨藉瓧锛夛細
绶� 鍒� 鏅�(sh铆) 闁擄細 2014 骞� 8 鏈� 20 鏃�
2
銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鈪犮€嬬鐩ぇ缍�
锛堢鐩唬纰硷細622锛�
涓€銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)涓昏鍏�(n猫i)瀹瑰寘鎷埃楂�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)锛堢当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)锛�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)銆侀浕鍖栧(xu茅)銆佺晫闈㈠寲瀛�(xu茅)鑸囪啝
楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)绛�銆傝姹傝€冪敓鐔熺反鎺屾彙鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇点€佸熀鏈師鐞嗗強瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉�銆�
浜屻€佽€冩牳鐩(bi膩o)
鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鑰冭│鍦ㄨ€冩煡鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)銆佸熀鏈悊璜栫殑鍩虹(ch菙)涓�锛屾敞閲嶈€冩煡鑰冪敓闈堟椿閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄩ€欎簺鍩虹(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)瑙€瀵�
鍜岃В姹哄(sh铆)闅涘晱椤岀殑鑳藉姏銆傚畠鐨勮⿻(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏄珮绛夊(xu茅)鏍″劒(y艒u)绉€鐣㈡キ(y猫)鐢熻兘閬�(d谩)鍒板強鏍兼垨鍙婃牸浠ヤ笂姘村钩锛屼互淇濊瓑
琚寗鍙栬€呭叿鏈夎純鎵庡(sh铆)鐨勭墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)銆�
涓夈€佽€冩牳鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
绗竴绔� 姘ｉ珨
搂1.1 姘ｉ珨鍒嗗瓙閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)璜�
搂1.2 鎽╃埦姘ｉ珨甯告暩(sh霉)
搂1.3 鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐨勭媭鎱�(t脿i)鍦�
搂1.4 姘ｉ珨閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勯€熺巼鍒嗗竷
搂1.5 姘ｉ珨骞冲嫊(d貌ng)鑳藉垎甯�
搂1.6 姘ｉ珨鍒嗗瓙鍦ㄩ噸鍔涘牬(ch菐ng)涓殑鍒嗗竷
搂1.7 鍒嗗瓙鐨勭鎾為牷鐜囪垏骞冲潎鑷敱绋�
搂1.8 瀵�(sh铆)闅涙埃楂�
搂1.9 姘ｆ恫闁撶殑杞�(zhu菐n)璁�
搂1.10 澹撶府鍒嗗瓙鍦�
鎺屾彙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼鍜屾贩鍚堟埃楂旂殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堢祫鎴愮殑琛ㄧず銆佸垎澹撳畾寰嬨€佸垎瀹瑰畾寰嬶級銆備簡瑙ｅ垎瀛愮鎾�
闋荤巼銆佸钩鍧囪嚜鐢辩▼鍜屽(sh铆)闅涙埃楂旀蹇�锛岀壒鍒ヨ浜嗚В瀵�(sh铆)闅涙埃楂旂殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼锛堣寖寰疯彲鏂圭▼锛変互鍙婂(sh铆)闅涙埃楂�
鐨勬恫鍖�銆佽嚚鐣屾€ц唱(zh矛)銆佹噳(y墨ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍘熺悊鑸囧绺洜瀛愬湒绛�銆�
绗簩绔� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
搂2.1 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)姒傝珫
搂2.2 鐔卞钩琛¤垏鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗浂瀹氬緥锛嶆韩搴︾殑姒傚康
搂2.3 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈蹇�
搂2.4 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥
搂2.5 婧�(zh菙n)闈滄厠(t脿i)閬庣▼鍜屽拰鍙€嗛亷绋�
搂2.6 鐒�
搂2.7 鐔卞
搂2.8 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥灏�(du矛)鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
搂2.9 Carnot 寰挵(hu谩n)
搂2.10 瀵�(sh铆)闅涙埃楂�
搂2.11 鐔卞寲瀛�(xu茅)
搂2.12 璧柉瀹氬緥
搂2.13 骞剧ó鐔辨晥鎳�(y墨ng)
3
搂2.14 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔辫垏婧害鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紞鍩虹埦闇嶅か瀹氬緥
搂2.15 绲曠啽鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛嶉潪绛夋韩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
搂216 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鐨勫井瑙€瑾槑
鏄庣⒑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈蹇靛拰鍔熷拰鐔辨璨�(f霉)铏�(h脿o)鐨勫彇铏�(h脿o)鎱ｄ緥銆傛槑纰烘簴(zh菙n)闈滄厠(t脿i)閬庣▼鑸囧彲閫嗛亷绋嬬殑鎰忕京銆�
鎺屾彙 U 鍙� H 閮芥槸鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)浠ュ強鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勭壒鎬с€備簡瑙ｆ懇鐖惧畾澹�銆佸畾瀹圭啽瀹圭殑姒傚康銆傜啛绶存噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ啽鍔涘(xu茅)
绗竴瀹氬緥瑷�(j矛)绠楃悊鎯虫埃楂斿拰瀵�(sh铆)闅涙埃楂斿湪绛夋韩銆佺瓑澹�銆佺禃鐔辩瓑閬庣▼涓殑 Q銆乄銆佄� U 鍜屛� H銆傜啛绶存噳(y墨ng)鐢�
妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐢熸垚鐒�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐕冪噿鐒撹▓(j矛)绠椾笉鍚屾韩搴︿笅鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔�銆備簡瑙ｇ瘈(ji茅)娴侀亷绋嬬殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婄劍鑰�-婀
閬滅郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫畾缇╄垏瀵�(sh铆)闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚緸寰瑙掑害浜嗚В鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鐨勬湰璩�(zh矛)銆�
绗笁绔� 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥
搂3.1 鑷櫦(f膩)閬庣▼鐨勫叡鍚岀壒寰侊紞涓嶅彲閫嗘€�
搂3.2 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥
搂3.3 Carnot 瀹氱悊
搂3.4 鐔电殑姒傚康
搂3.5 Clausius 涓嶇瓑寮忚垏鐔靛鍔犲師鐞�
搂3.6 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂圭▼鑸� T-S 鍦�
搂3.7 鐔佃畩鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�
搂3.8 鐔靛拰鑳介噺閫€闄�
搂3.9 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勬湰璩�(zh矛)鍜岀喌鐨勭当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鎰忕京
搂3.10 浜ュ闇嶈尣鑷敱鑳藉拰鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘
搂3.11 璁婂寲鐨勬柟鍚戝拰骞宠 姊濅欢
搂3.12 螖G 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楀(sh铆)渚�
搂3.13 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
搂3.14 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗笁瀹氬緥鍜岃(gu墨)瀹氱喌
鐔熸倝鑷櫦(f膩)閬庣▼鐨勫叡鍚岀壒寰�锛岀啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勮〃杩�锛屽崱璜惧惊鐠�(hu谩n)鍙婂崱璜惧畾寰�锛屽厠鍕炰慨鏂笉绛夊紡锛�
鐔靛拰鐔靛鍘熺悊锛岀啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗笁瀹氬緥锛岃(gu墨)瀹氱喌锛岃但濮嗛湇鑼插嚱鏁�(sh霉)鍜屽悏甯冩柉鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛岀啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂圭▼銆侀亥鍏嬫柉
闊嬮棞(gu膩n)绯诲紡锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)骞宠 鐨勫垽鎿�(j霉)绛夊熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)銆傛槑纰虹啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勬剰缇�銆傜悊瑙ｅ厠鍕炰慨鏂笉绛夊紡鐨勯噸瑕�
鎬�銆傜啛瑷樼啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉) U銆丠銆丼銆丗銆丟 鐨勫畾缇�銆傛槑纰� 螖G 鍦ㄧ壒娈婃浠朵笅鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇�锛岀啛绶存帉鎻＄悊鎯�
姘ｉ珨鍠磾 PVT 璁婂寲銆佺浉璁婂強鍖栧(xu茅)璁婂寲閬庣▼涓� 螖S銆佄擣 鍜� 螖G 鐨勫師鐞嗗拰鏂规硶骞剁敤浜庡垽鏂疯畩鍖栫殑鏂瑰悜鍜�
闄愬害銆備簡瑙ｇ啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗笁瀹氬緥鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�锛屾槑纰鸿(gu墨)瀹氱喌鍙婃(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐔靛€肩殑鎰忕京銆傚垵姝ヤ簡瑙ｄ笉鍙€嗛亷绋嬬啽鍔涘(xu茅)闂�(gu膩n)
浜庣喌娴佸拰鐔电敘(ch菐n)鐢熺瓑鍩烘湰鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
绗洓绔� 澶氱祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
搂4.1 寮曡█
搂4.2 澶氱祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)绲勬垚鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉�
搂4.3 鍋忔懇鐖鹃噺
搂4.4 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)
搂4.5 姘ｉ珨娣峰悎鐗╀腑鍚勭祫鍒嗙殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)
搂4.6 绋€婧舵恫涓殑鍏╁€�(g猫)缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)瀹氬緥
搂4.7 鐞嗘兂娑叉厠(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗�
搂4.8 鐞嗘兂绋€婧舵恫涓悇绲勫垎鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)
搂4.9 绋€婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬�
搂4.10 鍚夊竷鏂�-鏉滀亥濮嗗叕寮忓拰鏉滀亥濮�-棣眳鑰冲叕寮�
搂4.11 娲诲害鑸囨椿搴﹀洜瀛�
搂4.12 婊查€忓洜瀛愬拰瓒呴鍑芥暩(sh霉)
4
搂4.13 鍒嗛厤瀹氬緥锛嶆憾璩�(zh矛)鍦ㄥ叐浜掍笉鐩告憾娑茬浉涓殑鍒嗛厤
鐔熸倝婧舵恫婵冨害鐨勫悇绋〃绀烘硶鍙婂叾鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傛槑纰哄亸鎽╃埦閲忓拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬剰缇�銆傜悊瑙ｇ悊鎯虫恫鎱�(t脿i)娣�
鍚堢墿銆佺█婧舵恫鑸囧(sh铆)闅涙憾娑蹭笁鑰呯殑鍗€(q奴)鍒ュ拰鑱�(li谩n)绯汇€傛帉鎻℃媺鐑忕埦瀹氬緥鍜屼酣鍒╁畾寰嬩互鍙婂畠鍊戠殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傜悊瑙ｇ悊
鎯抽珨绯伙紙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨銆佺悊鎯虫恫鎱�(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗�銆佺悊鎯崇█婧舵恫锛変腑鍚勭祫鍒嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)寮忓強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆備簡瑙ｉ€稿害
鍜屾椿搴︾殑姒傚康鍙婇€稿害绯绘暩(sh霉)銆佹椿搴︾郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勭啊(ji菐n)鍠▓(j矛)绠�銆備簡瑙ｅ緸寰瑙掑害瑷庤珫婧舵恫褰㈡垚鏅�(sh铆)涓€浜涚啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)
鐨勮畩鍖�銆備簡瑙ｇ█婧舵恫渚濇暩(sh霉)鎬х殑姒傚康鍙婂叕寮忕殑鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)锛屼互鍙婂垎閰嶅畾寰嬪叕寮忕殑鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)锛屼簡瑙ｇ啽鍔涘(xu茅)铏曠悊婧舵恫
鐨勪竴鑸柟娉曘€傛帉鎻＄█婧舵恫渚濇暩(sh霉)鎬х殑鍩烘湰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗簲绔� 鐩稿钩琛�
搂5.1 寮曡█
搂5.2 澶氱浉绯荤当(t菕ng)骞宠 鐨勪竴鑸浠�
搂5.3 鐩稿緥
搂5.4 鍠祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)
搂5.5 浜岀祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鐩稿湒鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�
搂5.6 涓夌祫鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鐩稿湒鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�
鐞嗚В鐩稿緥骞舵帉鎻″叾绨�(ji菐n)鍠噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傜啛绶存噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ厠鎷夎矟榫嶆柟绋嬪紡鍜屽厠鍕炰慨鏂�-鍏嬫媺璨濋緧鏂圭▼寮�銆傛帉鎻℃潬
妗胯(gu墨)鍓囧湪鐩稿湒涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傛帉鎻″柈绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)鍜屼簩绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏稿瀷鐩稿湒鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆傚湪闆欐恫绯讳腑浠ュ畬鍏ㄤ簰婧剁殑
闆欐恫绯荤偤閲嶉粸(di菐n)浜嗚В鍏� p-x 鍦栧拰 T-x 鍦栵紝浜嗚В钂搁ぞ鍜岀簿椁剧殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆傚湪浜岀祫鍒嗘恫-鍥洪珨绯讳腑锛屼互绨�(ji菐n)
鍠綆鍏辨憾鐗╃殑鐩稿湒鐐洪噸榛�(di菐n)锛屼簡瑙ｇ啽鍒嗘瀽娉曞拰婧惰В搴︽硶绻埗鐩稿湒鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗叚绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠
搂6.1 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫钩琛℃浠跺拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勮Κ鍜屽嫝(sh矛)
搂6.2 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鍜岀瓑婧柟绋嬪紡
搂6.3 骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勮〃绀哄紡
搂6.4 寰�(f霉)鐩稿寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠
搂6.5 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐢熸垚鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘
搂6.6 婧害銆佸鍔涘強鎯版€ф埃楂斿皪(du矛)鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勫奖闊�
搂6.7 鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠
搂6.8 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勮€﹀悎
搂6.9 杩戜技瑷�(j矛)绠�
搂6.10 鐢熺墿鑳藉姏瀛�(xu茅)绨�(ji菐n)浠�
鑳藉寰炲寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勮搴︾悊瑙ｅ寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勬剰缇�锛岀悊瑙ｅ苟鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛夋韩寮忕殑鎰忕京骞剁敤浠ュ垽鏂峰弽
鎳�(y墨ng)鐧�(f膩)鐢熺殑鏂瑰悜銆傜啛鎮夊悇绋钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)鍙婄浉浜掗枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€傝兘鏍规摎(j霉)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮〃鍊艰▓(j矛)绠楀悇骞�
琛″父鏁�(sh霉)銆備簡瑙ｅ钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鑸囨韩搴�銆佸鍔涚殑闂�(gu膩n)绯诲拰鎯版€ф埃楂斿皪(du矛)骞宠 绲勬垚鐨勫奖闊�锛屽苟鎺屾彙鍏惰▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉曘€傛帉
鎻″弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐗╁钩琛¤綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫巼鍙婇珨绯诲钩琛＄祫鎴愮殑瑷�(j矛)绠�銆備簡瑙ｅ皪(du矛)鍚屾檪(sh铆)骞宠 銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑰﹀悎銆佽繎浼艰▓(j矛)绠楃瓑鐨勮檿鐞嗘柟娉�銆�
鍒濇浜嗚В鐢熺墿鑳藉姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹�銆�
绗竷绔� 绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)
搂7.1 姒傝珫
搂7.2 Boltzmann 绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)
搂7.3 Bose-Einstein 绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鍜� Fermi-Dirac 绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)
搂7.4 閰嶅垎鍑芥暩(sh霉)
搂7.5 閰嶅垎鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬眰娉曞強鍏跺皪(du矛)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮并鐛�(xi脿n)
搂7.6 鏅堕珨鐨勭啽瀹瑰晱椤�
5
搂7.7 鍒嗗瓙鐨勫叏閰嶅垎鍑芥暩(sh霉)
搂7.8 鐢ㄩ厤鍒嗗嚱鏁�(sh霉)瑷�(j矛)绠� 鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)
浜嗚В绲�(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈亣瀹�銆傛帉鎻＄当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈(sh霉)瑾�(y菙)銆傜悊瑙ｇ幓鐖捐尣鏇煎垎甯冪殑鎰忕京骞舵渻(hu矛)鐢ㄧ幓
鐖捐尣鏇煎叕寮忎簬鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆傛槑纰洪厤鍒嗗嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╁強閰嶅垎鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬瀽鍥犲瓙鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傛帉鎻＄矑瀛愰厤鍒嗗嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�
鏂规硶銆傜悊瑙ｇ啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鑸囩矑瀛愰厤鍒嗗嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傛帉鎻＄敤鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍙婄創鍑芥暩(sh霉)瑷�(j矛)绠楃悊鎯虫埃楂斿弽
鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勬柟娉�銆�
绗叓绔� 闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫
搂8.1 闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰闆昏В瀹氬緥
搂8.2 闆㈠瓙鐨勯浕閬风Щ鍜岄伔绉绘暩(sh霉)
搂8.3 闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫鐨勯浕灏�(d菐o)
搂8.4 闆昏В璩�(zh矛)鐨勫钩鍧囨椿搴﹀拰骞冲潎娲诲害鍥犲瓙
搂8.5 寮�(qi谩ng)闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫鐞嗚珫绨�(ji菐n)浠�
鏄庣⒑闆诲皫(d菐o)鐜�銆佹懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜囩殑鎰忕京鍙婅▓(j矛)绠椼€傜啛鎮夐洟瀛愮崹(d煤)绔嬬Щ鍕�(d貌ng)瀹氬緥鍙婇浕灏�(d菐o)娓�(c猫)瀹氱殑涓€浜涙噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆備簡瑙�
閬风Щ鏁�(sh霉)鑸囨懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜�銆侀洟瀛愰伔绉荤巼涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€傛槑纰洪浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)鐨勯洟瀛愬钩鍧囨椿搴︾郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�锛屽苟鎺屾彙鍏�
瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉�銆備簡瑙ｅ挤(qi谩ng)闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫鐞嗚珫锛堜富瑕佹槸闆㈠瓙姘涚殑姒傚康锛�锛屽苟鏈�(hu矛)浣跨敤寰锋嫓-浼戝厠鐖炬サ闄愬叕寮忋€�
绗節绔� 鍙€嗛浕姹犵殑闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
搂9.1 鍙€嗛浕姹犲拰鍙€嗛浕妤�
搂9.2 闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹�
搂9.3 鍙€嗛浕姹犵殑鏇稿鏂规硶鑸囬浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勫彇铏�(h脿o)
搂9.4 鍙€嗛浕姹犵殑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)
搂9.5 闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑姗�(j墨)鐞�
搂9.6 闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍜岄浕姹犵殑闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)
搂9.7 闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)娓�(c猫)瀹氱殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
搂9.8 鍏�(n猫i)闆讳綅銆佸闆讳綅鍜岄浕鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)
鐔熸倝闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)鎱ｇ敤鐨勯浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)鍚嶇ū鍜岀铏�(h脿o)銆傜啛鎮夋(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)琛ㄧ殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚皪(du矛)浜庢墍绲︾殑闆绘睜锛岃兘鐔�
绶淬€佹纰哄湴瀵嚭闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄浕姹犲弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傝兘鏍规摎(j霉)绨�(ji菐n)鍠殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)渚�(l谩i)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)闆绘睜銆傛帉鎻￠浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)鍙婇浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)
鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楀拰婧害灏�(du矛)闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勫奖闊裤€傛帉鎻＄敱闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瑷�(j矛)绠楃啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍜� 螖H銆佄擲銆佸拰 螖G 绛�銆備簡瑙ｉ浕
鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑姗�(j墨)鐞嗗強闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)娓�(c猫)瀹氭硶鐨勪竴浜涙噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗崄绔� 闆昏В鑸囨サ鍖栦綔鐢�
搂10.1 鍒嗚В闆诲
搂10.2 妤靛寲浣滅敤
搂10.3 闆昏В鏅�(sh铆)闆绘サ涓婄殑绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
搂10.4 閲戝爆鐨勯浕鍖栧(xu茅)鑵愯潟銆侀槻鑵愯垏閲戝爆鐨勯垗鍖�
搂10.5 鍖栧(xu茅)闆绘簮
鏄庣⒑妤靛寲鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍘熷洜銆佹サ鍖栫殑鍒嗛銆佹サ鍖栫殑姗�(j墨)鐞�銆傜悊瑙ｈ秴闆诲嫝(sh矛)銆佸垎瑙ｉ浕澹撶瓑姒傚康銆備簡瑙ｈ秴
闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍦ㄩ浕瑙ｄ腑鐨勪綔鐢�銆傝兘瑷�(j矛)绠椾竴浜涚啊(ji菐n)鍠殑闆昏В鍒嗛洟鍟忛銆備簡瑙ｉ噾灞厫铦曠殑姗�(j墨)鐞嗗拰鍚勭ó闃茶厫鏂规硶銆備簡
瑙ｅ寲瀛�(xu茅)闆绘簮鐨勯鍨嬪強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗崄涓€绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)锛堜竴锛�
搂11.1 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勪换鍕�(w霉)鍜岀洰鐨�
搂11.2 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勮〃绀烘硶
搂11.3 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鏂圭▼
搂11.4 鍏锋湁绨�(ji菐n)鍠礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鏂圭▼
6
搂11.5 骞剧ó鍏稿瀷鐨勫京(f霉)闆滃弽鎳�(y墨ng)
搂11.6 鍩哄厓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫井瑙€鍙€嗘€у師鐞�
搂11.7 婧害灏�(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�
搂11.8 闂�(gu膩n)浜庢椿鍖栬兘
搂11.9 閺堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)
搂11.10 鎿畾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼鐨勪竴鑸柟娉�
鎺屾彙绛夊鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉曞拰鍩哄厓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)銆侀€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)绛夋蹇�銆傛帉鎻℃湁绨�(ji菐n)鍠礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫弽
鎳�(y墨ng)濡傞浂绱�(j铆)銆佷竴绱�(j铆)銆佷簩绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫悇绋壒寰佸苟鑳藉鐢卞(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)纰哄畾绨�(ji菐n)鍠弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)銆傚皪(du矛)涓夌ó寰�(f霉)闆滅殑鍏稿瀷
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝皪(du矛)宄欏弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸钩琛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄€ｇ簩(x霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛夎鎺屾彙鍏跺悇鑷殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屽苟灏�(du矛)鍏朵腑姣旇純绨�(ji菐n)鍠殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑳介€�(j矛n)琛岄亱(y霉n)
绠�銆傛槑纰烘韩搴�銆佹椿鍖栬兘灏�(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊匡紝鐞嗚В闃跨疮灏肩儚鏂稉(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)寮忎腑鍚勯爡(xi脿ng)鐨勫惈鎰�锛屾渻(hu矛)瑷�(j矛)绠� Ea銆丄銆�
k 绛夌墿鐞嗛噺銆傛帉鎻￠張鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍙婂叾閫熺巼鏂圭▼鐨勫缓绔�锛屾渻(hu矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)杩戜技銆佸钩琛″亣瑷�(sh猫)绛夎繎浼艰檿鐞嗘柟娉�銆�
绗崄浜岀珷 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)锛堜簩锛�
搂12.1 纰版挒鐞嗚珫
搂12.2 閬庢浮鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鐞嗚珫
搂12.3 鍠垎瀛愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐞嗚珫
搂12.4 鍒嗗瓙鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)绨�(ji菐n)浠�
搂12.5 鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
搂12.6 蹇€熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫咕绋脯(c猫)瑭︽柟娉�
搂12.7 鍏夊寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
搂12.8 鍖栧(xu茅)婵€鍏夌啊(ji菐n)浠�
搂12.9 鍌寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)
浜嗚В鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勭鎾炵悊璜�銆侀亷娓℃厠(t脿i)鐞嗚珫鍜屽柈鍒嗗瓙鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹�銆傚垵姝ヤ簡瑙ｅ垎瀛愬弽
鎳�(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勫父鐢ㄥ(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶鍜岃┎鐮旂┒鍦ㄧ悊璜栦笂鐨勬剰缇�銆備簡瑙ｆ憾娑蹭腑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍜屾憾鍔戝皪(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊�銆�
浜嗚В蹇€熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鎵€甯哥敤鐨勬脯(c猫)瑭︽柟娉曞強寮涜鲍鏅�(sh铆)闁�銆傜悊瑙ｅ厜鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫熀鏈畾寰嬶紙鍏夊寲鐣�(d膩ng)閲忓畾寰嬨€侀噺瀛愮敘(ch菐n)
鐜囷級鍙婇噺瀛愮敘(ch菐n)鐜囩殑瑷�(j矛)绠�銆備簡瑙ｅ偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屾槑纰哄偓鍖栦綔鐢ㄧ殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鍜屽父瑕嬬殑鍌寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯鍨嬨€�
绗崄涓夌珷 琛ㄩ潰鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)
搂13.1 琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏鍜岃〃闈㈠悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳�
搂13.2 褰庢洸娑查潰涓嬬殑闄勫姞澹撳姏鍜岃捀姘ｅ
搂13.3 婧舵恫鐨勮〃闈㈠惛闄�
搂13.4 娑�-娑茬晫闈㈢殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
搂13.5 鑶�
搂13.6 娑�-鍥虹晫闈紞娼�(r霉n)婵曚綔鐢�
搂13.7 琛ㄩ潰娲绘€у姂鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
搂13.8 鍥洪珨琛ㄩ潰鐨勫惛闄�
搂11.8 姘�-鍥虹浉琛ㄩ潰鍌寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鏄庣⒑琛ㄩ潰鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘銆佽〃闈㈠嫉鍔�銆佹帴瑙歌鐨勬蹇碉紝浜嗚В琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏鑸囨韩搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傛槑纰哄綆鏇�
琛ㄩ潰鐨勯檮鍔犲鍔涚敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍘熷洜鍙婅垏鏇茬巼鍗婂緫鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傝兘閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ-鎷夋櫘鎷夋柉鍏紡閫�(j矛n)琛岃▓(j矛)绠�銆備簡瑙ｅ綆鏇茶〃闈�
涓婄殑钂告埃澹撹垏骞抽潰鐩告瘮鏈変綍涓嶅悓锛岀啛绶存帉鎻￠枊鐖炬枃鍏紡鐨勫叿楂旀噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛屽苟鏈�(hu矛)鐢ㄩ€欏€�(g猫)鍩烘湰鍘熺悊瑙ｉ噵甯歌
鐨勮〃闈㈢従(xi脿n)璞°€傜悊瑙ｅ悏甯冩柉鍚搁檮绛夋韩寮忕殑琛ㄧず褰㈠紡骞惰兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ強浣滅啊(ji菐n)鍠▓(j矛)绠�銆備簡瑙ｆ恫-娑�銆佹恫-鍥虹晫闈㈢殑
閶睍鑸囨饯(r霉n)婵曟儏娉�銆傜悊瑙ｆ埃-鍥鸿〃闈㈢殑鍚搁檮鏈唱(zh矛)鍙婂惛闄勭瓑婧窔鐨勪富瑕侀鍨嬨€傛帉鎻℃湕绻嗙埦鍚搁檮鐞嗚珫瑕侀粸(di菐n)銆�
灏�(du矛)寮楀€痉鍒╁笇绛夋韩寮忋€丅ET 澶氬垎瀛愬堡鍚搁檮绛夋韩寮忔湁鍒濇浜嗚В銆備簡瑙ｈ〃闈㈡椿鎬у姂鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆佷綔鐢ㄥ強澶ц嚧
鍒嗛銆�
7
绗崄鍥涚珷 鑶犻珨鍖栧(xu茅)
搂14.1 鑶犻珨鍜岃啝楂旂殑鍩烘湰鐗瑰緛
搂14.2 鑶犻珨鐨勫埗鍌欏拰鍑堝寲
搂14.3 鑶犻珨鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涙€ц唱(zh矛)
搂14.4 鑶犻珨鐨勫厜瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
搂14.5 鑶犻珨鐨勯浕瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
搂14.6 闆欓浕灞ょ悊璜栧拰 z 闆诲嫝(sh矛)
搂14.4 婧惰啝鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰鑱氭矇浣滅敤
搂14.8 涔崇媭娑�
搂14.9 鍑濊啝
搂14.10 澶у垎瀛愭憾娑�
搂14.11 Donnan 骞宠 鍜岃仛闆昏В璩�(zh矛)鐨勬徊閫忓
搂14.12 娴佽畩瀛�(xu茅)绨�(ji菐n)浠�
搂14.13 绱嶇背鍖栧(xu茅)
浜嗚В鑶犻珨鍒嗘暎楂旂郴鐨勫熀鏈壒鎬�銆傛帉鎻¤啝楂斿垎鏁ｉ珨绯诲湪鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涙€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸厜瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婇浕瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)绛夋柟闈�
鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)浠ュ強濡備綍鍒╃敤閫欎簺鐗归粸(di菐n)灏�(du矛)鑶犻珨閫�(j矛n)琛岀矑搴﹀ぇ灏忋€佸付闆绘儏娉佺瓑鏂归潰鐨勭爺绌跺苟鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬瀵�(sh铆)韪�銆備簡瑙ｆ憾
鑶犲湪绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€ф柟闈㈢殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婇浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)灏�(du矛)婧惰啝绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑褰遍熆锛屾渻(hu矛)鍒ゆ柗闆昏В璩�(zh矛)鑱氭矇鑳藉姏鐨勫ぇ灏�銆備簡瑙ｄ钩鐙€娑�
鐨勭ó椤炪€佷钩鍖栧姂鐨勪綔鐢ㄤ互鍙婂湪宸ユキ(y猫)鍜屾棩甯哥敓娲讳腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆備簡瑙ｅぇ鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫鑸囨憾鑶犵殑鐣板悓榛�(di菐n)銆備簡瑙ｄ粈
涔堟槸鍞愬崡骞宠 锛屽浣曡純婧�(zh菙n)纰哄湴鐢ㄦ徊閫忓娉曟脯(c猫)瀹氶浕闆㈠ぇ鍒嗗瓙鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勭浉灏�(du矛)鍒嗗瓙璩�(zh矛)閲�銆備簡瑙ｈ仛鍚堢墿鐩稿皪(du矛)鍒�
瀛愯唱(zh矛)閲忕殑绋鍙婂叾娓�(c猫)瀹氭柟娉曘€傚皪(du矛)澶╃劧澶у垎瀛�銆佸嚌鑶犵殑鐗归粸(di菐n)绛夋湁涓€鍊�(g猫)鍒濇鐨勬蹇�銆�
鏁欐潗鍙婁富瑕佸弮鑰冭硣鏂�
锛堜竴锛� 寤鸿鏁欐潗
鍌呯嵒(xi脿n)褰�锛屾矆鏂囬湠锛屽澶╂彋(y谩ng) 渚枃鑿法锛屻€婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�(绗簲鐗�)锛屽寳浜�: 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�锛�2006.
锛堜簩锛変富瑕佸弮鑰冭硣鏂�
1锛庡妷鍐犳槅锛岃粖鍐犲叏锛岄櫝鍏钩锛岀钁夌繑绶ㄨ憲, 銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�, 寤ｅ窞锛氫腑灞卞ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2000.
2锛庤儭鑻变富绶�锛屽憘鐟炴澅锛屽妷鍦�(gu贸)鏉�锛岃憠姹濆挤(qi谩ng)绛夌法锛屻€婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬶紙涓�銆佷腑銆佷笅锛岀鍥涚増锛�锛屽寳浜細楂樼瓑鏁�
鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�1999.
3锛庨劎鏅櫦(f膩)锛岃寖搴峰勾绶ㄨ憲, 銆婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�锛屽寳浜細楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�锛�1993.
4锛庡鍏佹枌绛夌法锛屻€婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鏁欑▼銆嬶紙淇▊鏈級锛岄暦(zh菐ng)娌欙細婀栧崡鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�锛�1991.
5锛庢湵鏂囨郡绶�锛屻€婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�锛屽寳浜�: 娓呰彲澶у(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�,1995.
6锛庡倕鐛�(xi脿n)褰�锛屾矆鏂囬湠锛屽澶╂彋(y谩ng)绶ㄨ憲锛屻€婄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�(绗洓鐗�)锛屽寳浜�: 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�,1990.
7锛嶱. W. Atkins. Physical Chemistry. 7th ed., Oxford University Press, 1994.
8锛嶪RA. N. Levine. Physical Chemistry. 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1995.
9锛嶨. M. Barrow. Physical Chemistry. 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1996.
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄わ紝鍙︼細鏈枃鍍呬唬琛ㄤ綔鑰呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
