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锛堜竷锛夊湴鐞嗕俊鎭瀛歌垏鏁稿瓧鍦扮悆
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绗竴绡€(ji茅) 鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�
1.鍦扮悊淇℃伅
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2.淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)
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3.鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)
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4.鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐗瑰緛
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1.纭欢绯荤当(t菕ng)
2.瑷堢畻姗熻粺浠剁郴绲�(t菕ng)
3.鍦扮悊绌洪枔鏁告摎
4.绯荤当(t菕ng)绠＄悊浜哄摗
5.鎳夌敤妯″瀷
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫姛鑳�
1.鍩烘湰鍔熻兘
鍩烘湰鍔熻兘鍖呮嫭锛氭暩鎿氶噰闆嗚垏绶ㄨ集锛涙暩鎿氬瓨鍎茶垏绠＄悊锛涙暩鎿氳檿鐞嗚垏璁婃彌锛涚┖闁撳垎鏋愬拰绲�(t菕ng)瑷�锛涚敘鍝佸埗
浣滆垏婕旂ず锛涗簩娆￠枊鐧�(f膩)鍜岀法绋�銆�
2.鎳夌敤鍔熻兘
鎳夌敤鍔熻兘鍖呮嫭锛氳硣婧愮鐞�锛涘崁(q奴)鍩熻(gu墨)鍔�锛涘湅鍦熺洠(ji膩n)娓紱杓斿姪姹虹瓥銆�
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�
1.鑸囧叾浠栧绉戠殑闂滅郴
鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�锛屾槑椤湴楂旂従鍑哄瀛哥浜ゅ弶鐨勭壒榛�锛岄€欎簺浜ゅ弶鐨勫绉戝寘鎷湴鐞嗗銆佸湴鍦栧銆�
鏀濆奖娓噺瀛�銆侀仚鎰熸妧琛�銆佹暩瀛稿拰绲�(t菕ng)瑷堢瀛�銆佽▓绠楁绉戝锛屼互鍙婁竴鍒囪垏铏曠悊鍜屽垎鏋愮┖闁撴暩鎿氭湁闂滅殑瀛哥銆�
鐩墠鏁告摎搴妧琛擄紙DBMS锛�銆佽▓绠楁杓斿姪瑷▓銆佽▓绠楁杓斿姪鍒跺湒锛圕AM锛夊拰瑷堢畻姗熷湒褰㈠锛圕omputer
Graphics锛夎粺浠跺寘宸茶瑷卞 GIS 鐮旂┒鑰呮墍閲囩敤锛屼絾閫欎簺绯荤当(t菕ng)涓嶆槸鐐哄湴鐞嗘剰缇╄€岃ō瑷堢殑锛岀劇娉曞彇浠� GIS
鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€侴IS 姝ｆ槸閫欎簺鐩搁棞瀛哥鑸囧湴鐞嗗鐩哥祼鍚堢殑鍩虹涓婄櫦(f膩)灞曡捣渚嗙殑銆�
2.鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曢殠娈�
鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫壍(chu脿ng)绔嬪拰鐧�(f膩)灞曟槸鑸囧湴鐞嗙┖闁撲俊鎭殑琛ㄧず銆佽檿鐞�銆佸垎鏋愬拰鎳夌敤鎵嬫鐨勪笉鏂风櫦(f膩)灞曞垎涓嶉枊
鐨�?锛熺柧鏂撲供纭囩晹鈶惧埌y(t菕ng)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曪紝鍙垎鐐� 60 骞翠唬鐨勮捣濮嬬櫦(f膩)灞曢殠娈�銆�70 骞翠唬鐨勯瀼鍥洪殠娈靛拰 80 骞翠唬鐨勫ぇ
鐧�(f膩)灞曢殠娈�銆�
3.鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曡定鍕�
鐩墠鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勪富瑕佺櫦(f膩)灞曡定鍕㈤泦涓湪浠ヤ笅骞惧€嬫柟闈細绌洪枔鏁告摎绲愭鑸囨暩鎿氱鐞�锛涙暩鎿氳嚜鍕曡几
鍏ユ妧琛擄紱GIS 鑸囬仚鎰熺殑閫蹭竴姝ョ祼鍚�锛汫IS 鐨勬櫤鑳藉寲锛涘叿鏈夌当(t菕ng)涓€妯欐簴鐨勫垎甯冨紡绯荤当(t菕ng)锛涘畯瑙€鎳夌敤鍜屽井瑙€鎳�
鐢ㄩ€蹭竴姝ュ姞寮�锛屽苟褰㈡垚鏂扮殑鐢㈡キ(y猫)銆�
绗簩绔� 绌洪枔鏁告摎鍩虹
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 鍦扮悊绌洪枔鍙婂叾琛ㄩ仈
1.鍦扮悊绌洪枔
瀹氱京锛氫竴鑸寚涓婅嚦澶ф埃闆婚洟灞�锛屼笅鑷冲湴娈艰垏鍦板箶浜ょ晫鐨勮帿闇嶉潰涔嬮枔鐨勭┖闁撳崁(q奴)鍩�銆傚叾闁撴槸鑷劧鍦扮悊
閬庣▼鍜岀敓鍛藉強浜洪娲诲嫊鏈€娲昏簫鐨勫牬鎵€銆�
瑕佸湪鍦扮悊绌洪枔涓簴纰烘脯瀹氫綅鑷碉紝闇€瑕侀噰鐢ㄤ竴绋┖闁撳畾浣嶆鏋朵締瀵︾従锛屼篃灏辨槸澶у湴娓噺鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)锛�
鍖呮嫭骞抽潰鎺у埗缍插拰楂樼▼鎺у埗缍�銆�
2.绌洪枔瀵﹂珨琛ㄩ仈
鍦扮悊绌洪枔瀵﹂珨锛氬寘鎷粸銆佺窔銆侀潰銆佹洸闈�銆侀珨绛夊绋鍨嬨€�
绌洪枔瀵﹂珨琛ㄩ仈锛氬湪瑷堢畻姗熶腑锛屾妸鐝惧涓栫晫涓悇绋互鍦栧舰褰㈠紡琛ㄩ仈鐨勭┖闁撳楂旈€氶亷鏁稿瓧鐨勫舰寮忚閷�
鍜岃〃鐝惧嚭渚嗭紝浠ヤ究鏇村ソ鍦伴€茶瑷堢畻姗熷瓨鍎插拰铏曠悊銆�
鏁告摎琛ㄩ仈鐨勯棞閸碉細鐣跺皪绌洪枔瀵﹂珨閫茶鏁告摎琛ㄩ仈鏅傦紝闂滈嵉鏄浣曡〃閬旂┖闁撶殑涓€鍊嬮粸锛屽洜鐐洪粸鏄鎴�
鍦扮悊绌洪枔瀵﹂珨鐨勫熀鏈厓绱�銆�
3.澶у湴姘存簴闈�
鍋囪ō涓€鍊嬭垏闈滄鐨勫钩鍧囨捣姘撮潰閲嶅悎骞跺欢浼稿埌澶ч櫢鍏ч儴鐨勫寘鍦嶆暣鍊嬪湴鐞冪殑灏侀枆鐨勯噸鍔涗綅姘存簴闈€€�
4.鍦扮悆姗㈢悆楂�
灏辨槸灏囧ぇ鍦伴珨绻炵煭杌搁閫熸棆杞夋墍褰㈡垚鐨勪竴鍊嬭〃闈㈠厜婊戠殑锛岃(gu墨)鍓囩殑鍦扮悆褰㈤珨銆傛槸灏嶅湴鐞冨舰楂旂殑鎻忚堪锛�
鏄偤浜嗘脯閲忔垚鏋滅殑瑷堢畻鍜屾脯鍦栧伐浣滅殑闇€瑕佽€屽畾缇╃殑銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 鍦扮悊绌洪枔鏁告摎鍙婂叾鐗瑰緛
1.鍦扮悊绌洪枔鏁告摎鍒嗛(琛� 1)
琛� 1 鍦扮悊绌洪枔鏁告摎鍒嗛
鎸夋暩鎿氫締婧� 鎸夋暩鎿氱祼妲� 鎸夋暩鎿氱壒寰� 鎸夊咕浣曠壒寰� 鎸夋暩鎿氱櫦(f膩)甯冨舰寮�
鍦板湒鏁告摎
褰卞儚鏁告摎
鏂囨湰鏁告摎
鐭㈤噺鏁告摎
鏌垫牸鏁告摎
绌洪枔鏁告摎
闈炵┖闁撴暩鎿�
榛�
绶�
闈�銆佹洸闈�
楂�
鏁稿瓧绶氱暙鍦�
鏁稿瓧鏌垫牸鍦�
鏁稿瓧楂樼▼妯″瀷
鏁稿瓧姝ｅ皠褰卞儚鍦�
2.鍦扮悊绌洪枔鏁告摎鍩烘湰鐗瑰緛
绌洪枔鐗瑰緛锛氭寚鍦扮悊鐝捐薄鍜岄亷绋嬫墍鍦ㄧ殑浣嶈嚨銆佸舰鐙€鍜屽ぇ灏忕瓑骞句綍鐗瑰緛锛屼互鍙婅垏鐩搁劙鍦扮悊鐝捐薄鍜岄亷绋�
鐨勭┖闁撻棞绯�锛屽寘鎷柟浣嶉棞绯汇€佹嫇鎾查棞绯�銆佺浉閯伴棞绯汇€佺浉浼奸棞绯荤瓑锛�
灞€х壒寰侊細鎸囧湴鐞嗙従璞″拰閬庣▼鎵€鍏锋湁鐨勫皥灞€ц唱锛岄€氬父鍖呮嫭鍚嶇ū銆佹暩閲�銆佽唱閲�銆佹€ц唱绛夛紝绋辩偤灞�
鎬ф暩鎿�锛�
鏅傞枔鐗瑰緛锛氭寚涓€瀹氬崁(q奴)鍩熷収鐨勫湴鐞嗙従璞″拰閬庣▼闅ㄨ憲鏅傞枔鐨勮畩鍖栨儏娉侊紝绋辩偤鏅傞枔鏁告摎銆�
3.鍦扮悊绌洪枔鏁告摎鎷撴挷闂滅郴
鎷撴挷闂滅郴椤炲瀷
鎷撴挷閯版帴锛氭寚瀛樺湪浜庣┖闁撳湒褰㈢殑鐩稿悓椤炲瀷鍏冪礌涔嬮枔鐨勬嫇鎾查棞绯�锛�
鎷撴挷闂滆伅锛氭寚瀛樺湪浜庝笉鍚岄鍨嬬┖闁撳厓绱犱箣闁撶殑鎷撴挷闂滅郴锛�
鎷撴挷鍖呭惈锛氭寚瀛樺湪浜庣┖闁撳湒褰㈢殑鐩稿悓椤炲瀷浣嗕笉鍚岀瓑绱氱殑鍏冪礌涔嬮枔鐨勬嫇鎾查棞绯�銆�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 鍦扮悊绌洪枔鏁告摎绲愭鐨勯鍨�
1.鐭㈤噺鏁告摎绲愭
瀹氱京锛氭槸鍒╃敤姝愬咕閲屽緱骞句綍瀛镐腑鐨勯粸銆佺窔銆侀潰鍙婂叾绲勫悎楂斾締琛ㄧず鍦扮悊瀵﹂珨绌洪枔鍒嗗竷鐨勪竴绋暩鎿氱祫
绻旀柟寮�銆�
鍖呮嫭鐨勫収瀹癸細瀵﹂珨鏁告摎绲愭锛涙嫇鎾叉暩鎿氱祼妲�
2.鏌垫牸鏁告摎绲愭
瀹氱京锛氭寚灏囩┖闁撳垎鍓叉垚鐐烘湁瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑缍叉牸锛岀ū鐐烘煹鏍煎柈鍏�锛屽湪鍚勫€嬫煹鏍煎柈鍏冧笂绲﹀嚭鐩告噳鐨勫爆鎬у€间締
琛ㄧず鍦扮悊瀵﹂珨鐨勪竴绋暩鎿氱祫绻斿舰寮�.
涓昏瀛樺劜椤炲瀷锛氭煹鏍肩煩闄ｇ祼妲嬶紱娓哥▼锛堣绋嬶級绶ㄧ⒓绲愭銆�
3.鐭㈤噺鏁告摎鑸囨煹鏍兼暩鎿氱祼妲嬬殑鍎�(y艒u)缂洪粸
鐭㈤噺鏁告摎绲愭锛�
鍎�(y艒u)榛烇細琛ㄧず鍦扮悊鏁告摎鐨勭簿搴﹁純楂�锛涘毚瀵嗙殑鏁告摎绲愭锛屾暩鎿氶噺灏�锛涚敤缍茬怠閫ｆ帴娉曡兘瀹屾暣鍦版弿杩版嫇鎾�
闂滅郴锛涘湒褰㈣几鍑虹簿纰虹編瑙€锛涘湒褰㈡暩鎿氬拰灞€ф暩鎿氱殑鎭㈠京銆佹洿鏂般€佺稖鍚堥兘鑳藉鐝�銆�
缂洪粸锛氭暩鎿氱祼妲嬪京闆滐紱鐭㈤噺澶氶倞褰㈠湴鍦栨垨澶氶倞褰㈢恫寰堥洠鐢ㄧ枈鑷垫柟娉曡垏鏌垫牸鍦栭€茶绲勫悎锛涢’绀哄拰绻�
鍦栬不鐢ㄩ珮锛岀壒鍒ユ槸楂樿唱閲忕躬鍦�銆佸僵鑹茬躬鍦栧拰鏆堢窔鍦栫瓑锛涙暩瀛告ā鎿瘮杓冨洶闆�锛涙妧琛撳京闆滐紝澶氶倞褰㈠収鐨勭┖
闁撳垎鏋愪笉瀹规槗瀵︾従銆�
鏌垫牸鏁告摎绲愭锛�
鍎�(y艒u)榛烇細鏁告摎绲愭绨″柈锛涚┖闁撴暩鎿氱殑鐤婅嚨鍜岀祫鍚堝崄鍒嗗鏄撴柟渚�锛涘悇椤炵┖闁撳垎鏋愰兘寰堟槗浜庨€茶锛涙暩瀛�
妯℃摤鏂逛究锛涙妧琛撻枊鐧�(f膩)璨荤敤浣庛€�
缂洪粸锛氬湒褰㈡暩鎿氶噺澶�锛涚敤澶у儚鍏冩笡灏戞暩鎿氶噺鏅傦紝鍙瓨鍒ョ殑鐝捐薄绲愭灏囨悕澶卞ぇ閲忎俊鎭�锛涘湴鍦栬几鍑轰笉
绮剧編锛涢洠浠ュ缓绔嬬恫绲￠€ｆ帴闂滅郴锛涙姇褰辫畩鎻涜姳鐨勬檪闁撳銆�
4.娓哥▼绶ㄧ⒓銆佸洓鍙夋ü绶ㄧ⒓鏂瑰紡
娓哥▼绶ㄧ⒓锛氭父绋嬬法纰兼槸鎸夎鐨勯爢搴忓瓨鍎插閭婂舰鍏х殑鍚勫€嬪儚鍏冪殑鍒楄櫉锛屽嵆鍦ㄦ煇琛屼笂寰炲乏鑷冲彸瀛樺劜灞�
瑭插閭婂舰鐨勫鏈儚鍏冪殑鍒楄櫉銆傛父绋嬮暦搴︾法纰兼煹鏍煎姞瀵嗘檪锛屾暩鎿氶噺娌掓湁鏄庨’澧炲姞锛屽绺晥鐜囪純楂橈紝涓旀槗
浜庢绱�銆佺枈鍔�銆佸悎骞剁瓑鎿嶄綔銆傞€欑ó绶ㄧ⒓鏂规硶鏈€閬╁悎浜庡皬鍨嬭▓绠楁锛屽悓鏅備篃娓涘皯浜嗘煹鏍兼暩鎿氬韩鐨勬暩鎿氳几
鍏ラ噺锛屼絾瑷堢畻鏈熼枔鐨勮檿鐞嗗拰鍒跺湒杓稿嚭铏曠悊宸ヤ綔閲忛兘鏈夋墍澧炲姞銆�
鍥涘弶妯圭法纰硷細鍥涘弶妯圭法纰煎張绋辩偤鍥涘垎妯�銆佸洓鍏冩ü绶ㄧ⒓銆傚畠鏄竴绋洿鏈夋晥鍦板绶ㄦ暩鎿氱殑鏂规硶銆傚畠灏�
2n脳2n 鍍忓厓闄ｅ垪鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩�锛岄€愭鍒嗚В鐐哄寘鍚柈涓€椤炲瀷鐨勬柟褰㈠崁(q奴)鍩�锛屾渶灏忕殑鏂瑰舰鍗€(q奴)鍩熺偤涓€鍊嬫煹鏍煎儚鍏�銆傚湒
鍍忓崁(q奴)鍩熷妰鍒嗙殑鍘熷墖鏄皣鍗€(q奴)鍩熷垎鐐哄ぇ灏忕浉鍚岀殑璞￠檺锛岃€屾瘡涓€鍊嬭薄闄愬張鍙牴鎿氫竴瀹氳(gu墨)鍓囧垽鏂锋槸鍚︾辜绾�(x霉)绛夊垎
鐐烘涓€灞ょ殑鍥涘€嬭薄闄愩€傚叾绲傛鍒ゆ摎鏄�锛屼笉绠℃槸鍝竴灞や笂鐨勮薄闄�锛屽彧瑕佸妰鍒嗗埌鍍呬唬琛ㄤ竴绋湴鐗╂垨绗﹀悎鏃�
瀹氳姹傜殑骞剧ó鍦扮墿鏅傦紝鍓囦笉鍐嶇辜绾�(x霉)鍔冨垎鍚﹀墖涓€鐩村垎鍒板柈鍊嬫煹鏍煎儚鍏冪偤姝�銆�
5.澶氶倞褰㈠拰绲愰粸鐨勬嫇鎾茬法杓�
渚嬪锛岃ō闇€瑕佸皪澶氶倞褰� P1 閫茶绶ㄨ集锛屽叾绠楁硶閬庣▼鐐猴細寰炰笅琛ㄦ墍绀虹殑寮ф鏂囦欢涓�锛屾鍑鸿垏鐣跺墠绶�
杓殑澶氶倞褰� P1 鐩搁棞鐨勬墍鏈夎閷勶紙琛� 2锛夛細
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寮ф铏� 璧风祼榛� 绲傜祼榛� 宸﹀閭婂舰 鍙冲閭婂舰
C1
C2
C3
N1
N3
N1
N2
N2
N3
P2
P1
P1
P1
P4
肖
妾㈠嚭鐨勮閷勪腑锛岃▓绠楁妾㈡煡鐣跺墠绶ㄨ集鐨勫閭婂舰 P1 鎵€铏曠殑浣嶈嚨锛�
濡傛灉 P1 浣嶅湪宸﹀閭婂舰浣嶈嚨锛屽皣涔嬭垏浣嶄簬鍙冲閭婂舰浣嶈嚨鐨勫閭婂舰铏熺浉浜ゆ彌锛屽悓鏅備篃灏囪┎鐨勭祼榛炶櫉
浣嶈嚨浣滅浉鎳夌殑浜ゆ彌锛涘弽涔�锛屽鏋滅暥鍓嶇法杓殑澶氶倞褰� P1 浣嶄簬鍙冲閭婂舰浣嶈嚨锛屽墖瑭茶閷勭殑鎵€鏈夋暩鎿氶爡闋�
搴忎笉浣滄敼璁娿€傛寜鐓т笂杩拌(gu墨)鍓�锛屾鍑虹殑瑷橀寗璁�?y艒u)姗愰煹婊﹂棶鍓懪�?3锛夛細
琛� 3 灏嶅閭婂舰 P1 閫茶绶ㄨ集鐨勯亷绋嬶紙2锛�
寮ф铏� 璧风祼榛� 绲傜祼榛� 宸﹀閭婂舰 鍙冲閭婂舰
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寰炵稉閬庝唬纰间綅鑷佃綁鎻涚殑瑷橀寗涓紝浠诲彇涓€鍊嬭捣绲愰粸浣滅偤璧烽粸锛岄爢搴忛€ｆ帴鍚勫€嬬祼榛烇紝蹇呰鏅傚彲灏嶈閷�
鐨勫墠鍚庨爢搴忎綔瑾挎暣锛屼娇寰楅€ｆ帴鐨勭祼榛炶兘鑷灏侀枆锛屽琛� 4 鎵€绀恒€�
琛� 4 灏嶅閭婂舰 P1 閫茶绶ㄨ集鐨勯亷绋嬶紙3锛�
寮ф铏� 璧风祼榛� 绲傜祼榛� 宸﹀閭婂舰 鍙冲閭婂舰
C1
C2
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N2 N3
N3 N1
P2
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濡傛灉渚濈収涓婅堪闋嗗簭鐨勭祼榛炰笉鑳借嚜琛岄枆鍚�锛屾垨鑰呭嚭鐝捐閷勭己鎼嶆垨瑷橀寗澶氫綑绛夋儏娉侊紝鍓囪〃绀哄姬娈垫枃浠�
鏈夐尟锛屽繀闋堟敼姝ｅ嚭閷殑瑷橀寗銆傜洿鍒版墍鏈夊閭婂舰閮界稉閬庣法杓殑鏀规锛屽啀杞夊叆绲愰粸閫ｆ帴绶ㄨ集銆�
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 鍦扮悊绌洪枔鏁告摎绲愭鐨勫缓绔�
1.鍏冩暩鎿�
瀹氱京锛氬厓鏁告摎鏄棞浜庢暩鎿氱殑鎻忚堪鎬ф暩鎿氫俊鎭�锛屽畠鎳夌洝鍙兘澶氬湴鍙嶆槧鏁告摎闆嗚嚜韬殑鐗瑰緛瑕�(gu墨)寰�锛屼互渚�
浜庣敤鎴跺皪鏁告摎闆嗙殑婧栫⒑銆侀珮鏁堣垏鍏呭垎鐨勯枊鐧�(f膩)鑸囧埄鐢�锛屼笉鍚岄牁鍩熺殑鏁告摎搴�锛屽叾鍏冩暩鎿氱殑鍏у鏈冩湁寰堝ぇ宸�
鐣�銆�
浣滅敤锛氬公鍔╂暩鎿氱敓鐢㈠柈浣嶆湁鏁堝湴绠＄悊鍜岀董璀风┖闁撴暩鎿�銆佸缓绔嬫暩鎿氭枃妾�锛屽苟淇濊瓑鍗充娇鍏朵富瑕佸伐浣滀汉
鍝￠洟閫€鏅�锛屼篃涓嶆渻澶卞幓灏嶆暩鎿氭儏娉佺殑浜嗚В锛涙彁渚涙湁闂滄暩鎿氱敓鐢㈠柈浣嶆暩鎿氬瓨鍎�銆佹暩鎿氬垎椤炪€佹暩鎿氬収瀹�銆�
鏁告摎璩噺銆佹暩鎿氫氦鎻涚恫绲″強鏁告摎閵峰敭绛夋柟闈㈢殑淇℃伅锛屼究浜庣敤鎴舵煡瑭㈡绱㈠湴鐞嗙┖闁撴暩鎿�锛涘公鍔╃敤鎴朵簡瑙�
鏁告摎锛屼互渚垮氨鏁告摎鏄惁鑳芥豢瓒冲叾闇€姹傚仛鍑烘纰虹殑鍒ゆ柗锛涙彁渚涙湁闂滀俊鎭�锛屼互渚跨敤鎴惰檿鐞嗗拰杞夋彌鏈夌敤鐨勬暩
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2.鍏冩暩鎿氱殑鍏у
灏嶆暩鎿氶泦鐨勬弿杩帮紱灏嶆暩鎿氶泦涓悇鏁告摎闋�銆佹暩鎿氫締婧�銆佹暩鎿氭墍鏈夎€呭強鏁告摎搴忎唬锛堟暩鎿氱敓鐢㈡鍙诧級绛�
鐨勮鏄庯紱灏嶆暩鎿氳唱閲忕殑鎻忚堪锛屽鏁告摎绮惧害銆佹暩鎿氱殑閭忚集涓€鑷存€�銆佹暩鎿氬畬鏁存€�銆佸垎杈ㄧ巼銆佸厓鏁告摎鐨勬瘮渚�
灏虹瓑锛涘皪鏁告摎铏曠悊淇℃伅鐨勮鏄�锛屽閲忕侗鐨勮綁鎻涚瓑锛涘皪鏁告摎杞夋彌鏂规硶鐨勬弿杩�锛�
灏嶆暩鎿氬韩鐨勬洿鏂�銆侀泦鎴愮瓑鐨勮鏄庛€�
绗笁绔� 绌洪枔鏁告摎铏曠悊
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 绌洪枔鏁告摎鐨勮畩鎻�
1.骞句綍绯炬
瀹氱京锛氬咕浣曠尘姝ｆ槸鐐轰簡瀵︾従鏁稿瓧鍖栨暩鎿氱殑鍧愭绯荤当(t菕ng)杞夋彌鍜屽湒绱欒畩褰㈣宸殑绯炬銆�
2.鍦板湒鎶曞奖
瀹氱京锛氬湴鍦栨姇褰辨槸鍒╃敤涓€瀹氱殑鏁稿鏂规硶鍓囨妸鍦扮悆琛ㄩ潰鐨勭稉銆佺矾绶氳綁鎻涘埌骞抽潰涓婄殑鐞嗚珫鍜屾柟娉�銆�
鐩殑锛氱爺绌惰В姹烘洸闈㈠浣曡綁鍖栧埌骞抽潰锛岄€蹭竴姝ュ垎鏋愬浣曡В姹哄湴鍦栨姇褰变腑濮嬬祩瀛樺湪鐨勮畩褰㈠晱椤�銆�
甯哥敤鍦板湒鎶曞奖锛氶珮鏂�-鍏嬪憘鏍兼姇褰�锛屽ⅷ鍗℃墭鎶曞奖锛孶TM 鎶曞奖锛岃槶鍕冪壒鎶曞奖銆�
3.鍦板湒鎶曞奖杞夋彌
鐮旂┒寰炰竴绋湴鍦栨姇褰辫畩?y艒u)姒辩—鐜疦鍦板湒鎶曞奖鐨勭悊璜栧拰鏂规硶銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 绌洪枔鏁告摎绲愭鐨勮綁鎻�
1.鐭㈤噺鏁告摎绲愭
瀹氱京锛氶€氶亷瑷橀寗鍧愭鐨勬柟寮�锛岀洝鍙兘鍦板皣榛�銆佺窔銆侀潰鍦扮悊瀵﹂珨琛ㄧ従寰楃簿纰虹劇瑾�銆�
鐗归粸锛氱煝閲忔暩鎿氳兘鏇寸簿纰哄湴瀹氱京浣嶈嚨銆侀暦搴﹀拰澶у皬銆�
2.鏌垫牸鏁告摎绲愭
瀹氱京锛氭煹鏍兼暩鎿氱祼妲嬪闅涘氨鏄儚鍏冮櫍鍒�锛屾瘡鍊嬪儚鍏冪敱琛屽垪纰哄畾瀹冪殑浣嶈嚨銆�
鐗归粸锛氶仼鍚堣▓绠楁铏曠悊銆�
3.鐢辩煝閲忓悜鏌垫牸杞夋彌
瀹氱京锛氱煝閲忔牸寮忓悜鏌垫牸鏍煎紡杞夋彌鍙堢ū鐐哄閭婂舰濉厖锛屽氨鏄湪鐭㈤噺琛ㄧず鐨勫閭婂舰閭婄晫鍏ч儴鐨勬墍鏈夋煹
鏍间笂璩︿簣鐩告噳鐨勫閭婂舰绶ㄨ櫉锛屽緸鑰屽舰鎴愭煹鏍兼暩鎿氶櫍鍒�銆�
鎶€琛撴柟娉曪細榛炵殑鏌垫牸鍖栵紱绶氱殑鏌垫牸鍖�锛涢潰鐨勬煹鏍煎寲銆�
4.鐢辨煹鏍煎悜鐭㈤噺杞夋彌
鐩殑锛氭槸鐐轰簡灏囨煹鏍兼暩鎿氬垎鏋愮殑绲愭灉锛岄€氶亷鐭㈤噺绻湒瑁濊嚨杓稿嚭锛屾垨鑰呯偤浜嗘暩鎿氬绺殑闇€瑕�锛屽皣澶�
閲忕殑闈㈢媭鏌垫牸鏁告摎杞夋彌鐐虹敱灏戦噺鏁告摎琛ㄧず鐨勫閭婂舰鐨勯倞鐣屻€傛洿閲嶈鐨勬槸鐐轰簡灏囪嚜鍕曟巸鎻忓剙鐛插彇鐨勬煹鏍�
鏁告摎鍔犲叆鐭㈤噺褰㈠紡鐨勬暩鎿氬韩銆�
鏂规硶锛氬熀浜庡湒鍍忔暩鎿氱殑鐭㈤噺鍖栨柟娉�锛屾煹鏍兼暩鎿氱殑鐭㈤噺鍖栨柟娉曘€�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 澶氬厓绌洪枔鏁告摎鐨勮瀺鍚�
1.涓嶅悓閬欐劅骞宠嚭鍜屽偝鎰熷櫒鏁告摎涔嬮枔鐨勮瀺鍚�
Landsat 鑸� SPOT 鏁告摎鐨勮瀺鍚�锛汼POT 鑸� Quick Bird 鐨勮瀺鍚堢瓑銆�
2.閬欐劅鏁告摎鑸� GIS 鏁告摎鐨勮瀺鍚�
閬欐劅褰卞儚鑸囨暩瀛楃窔鐣湒锛圖LG锛夌殑铻嶅悎锛氱稉閬庢灏勭尘姝ｅ悗鐨勯仚鎰熷奖鍍�锛岃垏鏁稿瓧绶氱暙鍦栦俊鎭瀺鍚堬紝
鍙敘鐢熷奖鍍忓湴鍦�銆�
閬欐劅褰卞儚鑸囨暩瀛楀湴褰㈡ā鍨嬶紙DEM锛夌殑铻嶅悎锛氭暩瀛楀湴褰㈡ā鍨嬭垏閬欐劅鏁告摎鐨勮瀺鍚堟湁鍔╀簬瀵︾従閬欐劅褰卞儚
鐨勫咕浣曟牎姝ｈ垏閰嶆簴锛屾秷闄ら仚鎰熷奖鍍忎腑鍥犲湴褰㈣捣浼忔墍閫犳垚鐨勫儚鍏冧綅绉�锛屾彁楂橀仚鎰熷奖鍍忕殑瀹氫綅绮惧害锛屽悓鏅�
鏁稿瓧鍦板舰鍙弮鑸囬仚鎰熷奖鍍忕殑鍒嗛锛屾敼鍠勫垎椤炵簿搴�銆�
閬欐劅褰卞儚鑸囨暩瀛楁煹鏍煎湒锛圖RG锛夌殑铻嶅悎锛氬皣鏁稿瓧鏌垫牸鍦板湒鑸囬仚鎰熷湒鍍忛厤婧栫枈鍚堬紝鍙互寰為仚鎰熷湒鍍�
涓揩閫熺櫦(f膩)鐝句互璁婂寲鐨勫崁(q奴)鍩�锛岄€茶€屽鐝剧┖闁撴暩鎿氬韩鐨勮嚜鍕�/鍗婅嚜鍕曟洿鏂般€�
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 绌洪枔鏁告摎鐨勫绺垏閲嶅垎椤�
1.绌洪枔鏁告摎澹撶府鐨勭洰鐨勮垏鎰忕京
鐩殑锛氱┖闁撴暩鎿氬線寰€鍏锋湁宸ㄥぇ鐨勬暩鎿氶噺锛屼笉閲囩敤鏁告摎澹撶府鎶€琛撴暣鍊嬬郴绲�(t菕ng)鍦ㄥ瓨鍎茬┖闁撳拰铏曠悊鏅傞枔涓�
閮藉皣鎵垮彈宸ㄥぇ鐨勫鍔涖€�
鎰忕京锛氬嵆寰炵┖闁撳潗妯欐暩鎿氶泦鍚堜腑鎶藉彇涓€鍊嬪瓙闆�锛屼娇閫欏€嬪瓙闆嗗湪瑕�(gu墨)瀹氱殑绮惧害鑼冨湇鍏ф渶濂界殑閫艰繎鍘熼泦
鍚堬紝鑰屽張鍙栧緱鐩″彲鑳藉ぇ鐨勫绺瘮銆�
2.绌洪枔鏁告摎绶ㄧ⒓
鐭㈤噺绶ㄧ⒓鏂规硶锛歺锛寉 鍧愭鏂规硶锛涙ü鐙€绱㈠紩绶ㄧ⒓娉曪紱 鎷撴挷绲愭绶ㄧ⒓鏂规硶
鏌垫牸绶ㄧ⒓鏂规硶锛氶張寮忕法纰�锛涙父绋嬮暦搴︾法纰硷紱濉婂紡绶ㄧ⒓锛涘洓鍙夋ü绶ㄧ⒓
绗簲绡€(ji茅) 绌洪枔鏁告摎鐨勫収鎻掓柟娉�
1.榛炵殑鍏ф彃
鐢ㄤ締寤虹珛鍏锋湁閫ｇ簩(x霉)璁婂寲鐗瑰緛鐝捐薄鐨勬暩鍊兼柟娉�銆�
鏂规硶锛�
鍒嗗鍏ф彃鐧�(f膩)锛氱窔鎬у収鎻掓硶锛岄洐绶氭€у闋呭紡鍏ф彃鐧�(f膩)锛屼簩鍏冩ǎ姊濆嚱鏁稿収鎻掔櫦(f膩)
閫愰粸鍏ф彃鐧�(f膩)锛氱Щ鍕曟摤鍚堟硶锛屽姞娆婂钩鍧囨硶锛屽厠閲岄噾娉�
鏁撮珨鍏ф彃鐧�(f膩)锛歂 娆″闋呭紡鎿悎娉�
2.鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑鍏ф彃
瀹氱京锛氭牴鎿氫竴绲勫閭婂舰鍒嗗崁(q奴)鐨勫凡鐭ユ暩鎿氫締鎺ㄦ眰鍚屼竴鍦板崁(q奴)鍙︿竴绲勫閭婂舰鍒嗗崁(q奴)鏈煡鏁告摎鐨勫収鎻掓柟娉曘€�
鏂规硶锛氱枈鑷垫硶锛涙瘮閲嶆硶
绗叚绡€(ji茅) 绌洪枔鏁告摎搴�
1.灞ゆ鏁告摎搴ā鍨�
瀹氱京锛氬堡娆℃暩鎿氭ā鍨嬭〃鐝剧偤鍊掔珛鐨勬ü锛岀敤鎴舵妸灞ゆ鏁告摎搴悊瑙ｇ偤娈电殑灞ゆ銆備竴鍊嬫绛夊児浜庝竴鍊嬫枃
浠剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勮閷勫瀷銆傚湪灞ゆ鏁告摎妯″瀷涓�锛屾枃浠舵垨瑷橀寗涔嬮枔鐨勮伅绯诲舰鎴愬堡娆�銆傛彌鍙ヨ┍瑾�锛屽堡娆℃暩鎿氬韩鎶婅
閷勯泦鍚堣〃绀烘垚鍊掔珛鐨勬ü绲愭銆�
鐗归粸锛氭湁涓斿彧鏈変竴鍊嬬瘈(ji茅)榛炴矑鏈夐洐瑕瘈(ji茅)榛�锛岄櫎鏍圭瘈(ji茅)榛炲鐨勫叾浠栫瘈(ji茅)榛炴湁涓斿彧鏈変竴鍊嬮洐瑕瘈(ji茅)榛�銆�
2.缍茬媭鏁告摎搴ā鍨�
瀹氱京锛氱恫鐙€鏁告摎妯″瀷鑸囧堡娆℃ā鍨嬮浼�锛屽彧鏄竴鍊嬭閷勫彲浠ユ湁澶氬€嬮洐瑕�銆傜恫鐙€鏁告摎妯″瀷鏈変笁鍊嬪熀鏈�
姒傚康锛屽嵆瑷橀寗鍨嬨€佹暩鎿氶爡锛堟垨瀛楁锛変互鍙婇張鎺�銆傛澶�锛屽湪缍茬媭妯″瀷琛撹獮閲�锛岃伅绯昏绋辩偤绯�锛屼竴鍊嬬郴鑷�
灏戠敱鍏╁€嬭閷勫瀷绲勬垚銆傜涓€鍊嬭閷勫瀷绋辩偤涓昏閷�锛岀浉鐣朵簬灞ゆ妯″瀷鐨勯洐瑕€傜浜屽€嬭閷勫瀷绋辩偤鎴愬摗瑷�
閷�锛岀浉鐣朵簬灞ゆ妯″瀷鐨勫瓙濂�銆備富瑷橀寗鍜屽畠鐨勬垚鍝¤閷勪箣闁撶殑鑱郴鐢ㄩ張鎺ヤ締妯欒瓨锛屾暩鎿氬韩瑷▓鑰呯郸閫欏€�
閺堟帴璩︿簣绯诲悕銆傞€欏€嬬郴鍚嶇敤渚嗘绱㈠拰鎿嶇副鏁告摎銆�
鐗归粸锛氳兘澶犳洿鐐虹洿鎺ュ湴鎻忚堪鐝惧涓栫晫锛屽涓€鍊嬬祼榛炲彲浠ユ湁澶氬€嬮洐瑕�銆傚叿鏈夎壇濂界殑鎬ц兘锛屽瓨鍙栨晥鐜�
杓冮珮銆�
3.闂滅郴鏁告摎搴ā鍨�
瀹氱京锛氶棞绯绘暩鎿氭ā鍨嬬敤绨″柈鐨勮〃浠ｆ浛寰╅洔鐨勬ü鍜岀恫鐙€绲愭渚嗙啊鍖栨暩鎿氬韩鐨勭敤鎴惰鍦�銆�
鐗归粸锛氱啊鍠�锛岀祼妲嬬崹绔嬫€э紝鏄撲簬瑷▓銆佸鐝�銆佺董璀峰拰浣跨敤锛岄潏娲诲拰寮峰ぇ鐨勬煡瑭㈣兘鍔�銆�
4.闈㈠悜灏嶈薄鏁告摎搴郴绲�(t菕ng)
瀹氱京锛氱敱鏁告摎鍜屽皪鏁告摎鐨勬搷浣滅祫鎴�銆傞鏄皪澶氬€嬪皪璞″叡鍚岀壒鎬х殑鎶借薄姒傛嫭銆傛秷鎭槸灏嶈薄涔嬮枔閫氫俊
鐨勫敮涓€鏂瑰紡锛岀敤渚嗘寚绀烘帴鍙楁秷鎭殑灏嶈薄鍩�(zh铆)琛屽畠鐨勬搷浣�銆傛柟娉曟槸灏嶈薄鏀跺埌娑堟伅鍚庢噳閲囧彇鐨勫嫊浣滅郴鍒楃殑鎻�
杩般€�
灏嶈薄鍏锋湁鐨勭壒鎬э細灏佽鎬�锛涚辜鎵挎€�锛涘鎱�(t脿i)鎬х瓑銆�
绗洓绔� 绌洪枔鍒嗘瀽鍘熺悊鑸囨柟娉�
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 绌洪枔淇℃伅妯″瀷鐨勫熀鏈蹇�
1.绌洪枔鏁告摎搴�
绌洪枔鏁告摎搴富瑕佹槸鐐� GIS 鎻愪緵绌洪枔鏁告摎鐨勫瓨鍎插拰绠＄悊鏂规硶銆傚叾涓昏鏈夊叐绋柟寮忥細绌洪枔鏁告摎鏂囦欢瀛�
鍎茬鐞嗗拰绌洪枔鏁告摎搴瓨鍎插拰绠＄悊銆�
2.妯″瀷
灏辨槸灏囩郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫悇鍊嬭绱�锛岄€氶亷閬╃暥鐨勭閬革紝鐢ㄤ竴瀹氱殑琛ㄧ従瑕�(gu墨)鍓囨弿瀵嚭渚嗙殑绨℃槑鐨勬槧璞�銆傛ā鍨嬮€氬父
琛ㄩ仈浜嗘煇鍊嬬郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曢亷绋嬫垨鐧�(f膩)灞曠祼鏋�銆�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 绌洪枔鐤婅嚨鍒嗘瀽
1.绌洪枔鐤婅嚨鍒嗘瀽鐨勬蹇�
绌洪枔鐤婅嚨鍒嗘瀽鏄寚鍦ㄧ浉鍚岀殑绌洪枔鍧愭绯荤当(t菕ng)瑾垮児涓�锛屽皣鍚屼竴鍦板崁(q奴)鍏╁€嬩笉鍚屽湴鐞嗙壒寰佺殑绌洪枔鍜屽爆鎬ф暩
鎿氶噸鐤婄浉鍔�锛屼互鐢㈢敓绌洪枔鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑澶氶噸灞€х壒寰�锛屾垨寤虹珛鍦扮悊灏嶈薄涔嬮枔鐨勭┖闁撳皪鎳夐棞绯�銆�
2.鍩轰簬鐭㈤噺鏁告摎鐨勭枈鑷靛垎鏋�
榛炶垏澶氶倞褰㈢殑鐤婂悎锛氶粸鑸囧閭婂舰鐨勭枈鍚堟槸閫氶亷纰哄畾涓€鍊嬮粸鐙€绌洪枔鐗瑰緛涓殑榛炶惤鍦ㄥ彟涓€鍊嬪閭婂舰绌�
闁撶壒寰佷腑鐨勫摢涓€鍊嬪閭婂舰鍏�锛屼互渚夸互姣忓€嬮粸璩︿簣鏂扮殑澶氶倞褰㈠爆鎬�銆�
绶氳垏澶氶倞褰㈢殑鐤婂悎锛氱従鑸囧閭婂舰鐨勭枈鍚堟槸閫氶亷纰哄畾涓€鍊嬬窔鐙€绌洪枔鐗瑰緛涓殑绶氱稉閬庡彟涓€鍊嬪閭婂舰绌�
闁撶壒寰佷腑鐨勫摢鍊嬪閭婂舰锛屼互渚跨偤绶氳肠浜堟柊鐨勫閭婂舰灞€�銆�
澶氶倞褰㈣垏澶氶倞褰㈢殑鐤婂悎锛氬閭婂舰鑸囧閭婂舰鐨勭枈鍚堟槸鎸囧皣鍏╁€嬩笉鍚岀殑澶氶倞褰㈢┖闁撶壒寰佸爆鎬х浉閲嶇枈锛�
鐢㈢敓鏂扮殑澶氶倞褰㈢壒寰佸爆鎬�锛屼互瑙ｆ焙鍦扮悊璁婇噺鐨勫婧栧墖鍒嗘瀽銆佸崁(q奴)鍩熷閲嶅爆鎬х殑鍒嗘瀽銆佸湴鐞嗙壒寰佺殑鍕曟厠(t脿i)璁�
鍖栧垎鏋�锛屼互鍙婂湒绗﹁绱犺窡鏂�銆佸崁(q奴)鍩熶俊鎭彁鍙栫瓑銆�
3.鏌垫牸鏁告摎鐨勭枈鍚堝垎鏋�
鐗归粸锛氬弮鑸囩枈鍚堝垎鏋愮殑绌洪枔鏁告摎鐐烘煹鏍兼暩鎿氱祼妲�銆傛煹鏍兼暩鎿氱殑鐤婂悎绠楁硶鍙互鏈夊鍊嬬┖闁撶壒寰佹暩鎿�
鍙冭垏鍒嗘瀽锛岃€屼笉鍍忕煝閲忕枈鍚堝垎鏋愬彧鑳藉湪绌洪枔鐗瑰緛鏁告摎涔嬮枔閫茶銆傛煹鏍肩枈鍚堝垎鏋愰洊鐒跺崰鐢ㄥ瓨鍎查噺姣旇純澶�锛�
浣嗘槸閬嬬畻閬庣▼姣旇純绨″柈銆�
姊濅欢锛氬叿鍌欏叐鍊嬫垨澶氬€嬬浉鍚屽湴鍗€(q奴)鐨勭浉鍚岃鍒楁暩鐨勬煹鏍兼暩鎿�锛屾煹鏍煎柈鍏冪殑澶у皬涔熺浉鍚�銆�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 绌洪枔绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鍒嗘瀽
1.绌洪枔绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鐨勯鍨�
鍩轰簬榛炵壒寰佺殑绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鏄湪榛炵壒寰佺殑鍛ㄥ湇浠ラ粸鐐哄湏蹇�銆佹寜鐓цō瀹氱殑璺濋洟鐐哄崐寰戝仛鐨勫湏锛岀浉浜掗潬杩戠殑
鍦撳彲浠ョ浉浜掗噸鐤�锛屼互姝よ〃绀洪粸鐗瑰緛鐨勫奖闊胯寖鍦嶆垨鏈嶅嫏鍗€(q奴)鍩�銆�
鍩轰簬绶氱壒寰佺殑绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鏄寜绶╂矕璺濋洟鍦ㄧ窔鐨勫叐鍋村仛骞宠绶�锛屽湪绶氱殑绔粸鍑哄仛鍗婂湏鑸囧钩琛岀窔閫ｆ帴鎴愬皝
闁夌殑鍗€(q奴)鍩�銆傜浉浜掗潬杩戠殑绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鍙互鐩镐簰閲嶇枈銆�
鍩轰簬闈㈢壒寰佺殑绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鑸囩窔鐨勭珐娌栧崁(q奴)鐩镐技锛屽彲浠ュ湪闈㈢殑澶栭儴鍋氱珐娌栧崁(q奴)锛屼篃鍙互鍦ㄩ潰鐨勫収閮ㄥ仛绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)锛�
鍚屾ǎ鍙互鍦ㄥ収澶栭兘鐢熸垚绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)銆�
2.鐭㈤噺绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鐨勫缓绔�
寤虹珛榛炵媭瀵﹂珨鐨勭煝閲忕珐娌栧崁(q奴)鍙渶瑕佷互榛炵媭瀵﹂珨鐐哄湏蹇�锛屼互绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)璺濋洟鐐哄崐寰戠躬鍦撳嵆鍙�銆傜窔鐙€瀵﹂珨
鍜岄潰鐙€瀵﹂珨绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鐨勫缓绔嬩篃鏄互鐝剧媭瀵﹂珨鎴栭潰鐙€瀵﹂珨鐨勯倞绶氱偤鍙冭€冪窔锛屽仛鍙冭€冪窔鐨勫钩琛岀窔锛屽啀鑰冩叜绔�
榛炲湏寮э紝鍗冲彲寤虹珛绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)銆�
3.鏌垫牸绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鐨勫缓绔�
鏌垫牸绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鐨勭敓鎴愬彲浠ラ€氶亷鍏╁€嬫椹熶締瀵︾従銆傞鍏堟槸灏嶉渶瑕佸仛绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鐨勬煹鏍煎柈鍏冨仛璺濋洟鎿存暎锛屽強
鎶€琛撳摗鍏朵粬鏌垫牸鍒伴渶瑕佸仛绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)鐨勬煹鏍肩殑璺濋洟銆傜劧鍚庢寜鐓цō瀹氱殑绶╂矕鍗€(q奴)璺濋洟鎻愬彇绗﹀悎瑕佹眰鐨勬煹鏍煎柈
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绗洓绡€(ji茅) 缍茬怠鍒嗘瀽
1.绌洪枔缍茬怠鍒嗘瀽
缍茶矾鍒嗘瀽鏄€氶亷妯℃摤銆佸垎鏋愮恫绲＄殑鐙€鎱�(t脿i)浠ュ強璩囨簮鍦ㄧ恫绲′笂鐨勬祦鍕曞拰鍒嗛厤绛夛紝鐮旂┒缍茬怠绲愭銆佹祦鍕�
鏁堢巼鍙婄恫绲¤硣婧愮瓑鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍖栧晱椤岀殑涓€绋柟娉�銆�
2.缍茬怠绲勬垚鍜屽爆鎬�
绲勬垚锛氱珯榛�锛涚瘈(ji茅)榛�锛涙嫄瑙掗粸锛涗腑蹇冿紱閺�锛涢殰绀�銆�
灞€�
(1)闃诲挤锛氭寚璩囨簮鍦ㄧ恫绲℃祦鍕曚腑鐨勮€岄樆鍔涘ぇ灏�銆�
(2)璩囨簮瀹归噺锛氭寚缍茬怠涓績鐐轰簡婊胯冻鍚勯張鐨勯渶姹�锛岃兘澶犲绱嶆垨鎻愪緵鐨勮硣婧愮附鏁搁噺锛屼篃鍊煎緸鍏朵粬涓績
娴佸悜瑭蹭腑蹇冩祦鍚戝叾浠栦腑蹇冪殑璩囨簮绺介噺銆�
(3)璩囨簮闇€姹傞噺锛氭寚缍茬怠绯荤当(t菕ng)涓渶鎻愮殑绶氳矾銆侀張銆佺瘈(ji茅)榛炴墍鑳芥敹闆嗙殑鎴栧彲浠ユ彁渚涚郸鏌愪竴涓績鐨勮硣婧愰噺銆�
绗簲绡€(ji茅) 鏁稿瓧鍦伴潰妯″瀷
1.鏁稿瓧鍦伴潰妯″瀷
鏁稿瓧鍦伴潰妯″瀷灏辨槸鐢ㄦ暩瀛楀寲鐨勫舰寮忚〃閬旂殑鍦板舰淇℃伅銆�
2.DEM 鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉�
(1)鏁稿鍒嗗娉�
鏁稿鏂规硶鎿悎琛ㄩ潰鏅傞渶渚濋潬閫ｇ簩(x霉)鐨勪笁缍嚱鏁�锛岄€ｇ簩(x霉)鐨勪笁缍嚱鏁歌兘浠ラ珮骞虫粦搴﹁〃绀哄京闆滆〃闈€€傚眬閮�
鎿悎娉曟槸灏囧京闆滆〃闈㈠垎鎴愭鏂瑰舰鍍忓厓锛屾垨闈㈢⿳澶ц嚧鐩稿悓鐨勪笉瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧舰鐙€灏忓锛屾牴鎿氭湁闄愬€嬮洟鏁ｉ粸鐨勯珮绋�锛�
鍙緱鍒版摤鍚堢殑 DEM銆傜洝绠″湪灏忓鐨勯倞绶ｏ紝鍧″害涓嶄竴瀹氶兘鏄€ｇ簩(x霉)璁婂寲鐨�锛岄倓鏄噳浣跨敤鍔犳瑠鍑芥暩渚嗕繚璀�
灏忓閫ｆ帴铏曠殑鍖归厤锛屾渶杩戝垎娈垫ā鎿凡鐢ㄤ簬鍦颁笅姘�銆佸湡澹ょ壒寰佹垨鍏跺畠鐠�(hu谩n)澧冩暩鎿氱殑琛ㄩ潰鍏ф彃銆�
(2)鍦栧舰娉�
绶氭ā寮忥細琛ㄧず鍦板舰鐨勬渶鏅€氱窔妯″紡鏄竴绯诲垪鎻忚堪楂樼▼鏇茬窔鐨勭瓑楂樼窔銆�
榛炴ā寮忥細浜哄伐缍茬怠娉曪紱绔嬮珨鍍忓皪鍒嗘瀽锛涗笉瑕�(gu墨)鍓囦笁瑙掔恫鏂规硶銆�
绗簲绔� 鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬噳鐢ㄦā鍨�
绗竴绡€(ji茅) GIS 鎳夌敤妯″瀷鐨勬杩�
1.GIS 鎳夌敤妯″瀷鐨勫垎椤�
鏍规摎琛ㄩ仈鎺т欢灏嶈薄鐨勪笉鍚屽彲鍒嗙偤涓夐锛氫竴椤炴槸鍩轰簬鐞嗗寲鍘熺悊鐨勭悊璜栨ā鍨�锛屽張绋辩偤鏁稿妯″瀷锛涗竴椤�
鏄熀浜庤畩閲忎箣闁撶殑绲�(t菕ng)瑷堥棞绯绘垨鍟熺櫦(f膩)寮忛棞绯荤殑妯″瀷锛岄€欓妯″瀷绲�(t菕ng)绋辩偤缍撻妯″瀷锛屾槸閫氶亷鐞嗗寲绲�(t菕ng)瑷堟柟娉曞拰
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绗簲绡€(ji茅) 鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)妯欐簴鍖�
1.涓昏鍏у锛氱当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勫悕瑭炶瑾炲収娑�锛涚当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勬暩鎿氶噰闆嗗師鍓�锛涚当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勭┖闁撳畾浣嶆鏋�锛涚当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勬暩鎿氬垎
椤炴婧�锛涚当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勬暩鎿氱法纰肩郴绲�(t菕ng)锛涚当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勬暩鎿氱祫绻旂祼妲�锛涚当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勬暩鎿氳閷勬牸寮�锛涚当(t菕ng)涓€鐨勬暩鎿氳唱閲忓惈缇�銆�
2.鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勮⿻鍍癸細绯荤当(t菕ng)鏁堢巼锛涚郴绲�(t菕ng)鍙潬鎬�锛涘彲鎿村睍鎬�锛涘彲绉绘鎬�锛涚郴绲�(t菕ng)鏁堢泭锛涘畨鍏ㄦ€с€�
绗竷绔� 鍦扮悆淇℃伅绉戝鑸囨暩瀛楀湴鐞�
绗竴绡€(ji茅) 鍦扮悆淇℃伅绉戝
1.鍦扮悊淇℃伅绉戝
鍦扮悊淇℃伅绉戝鏄� 1992 骞� Goodchild 鎻愬嚭鐨�锛岃垏鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鐩告瘮锛屽畠鏇村姞鍋撮噸浜庡皣鍦扮悊淇℃伅瑕栦綔
鐐轰竴闁€绉戝锛岃€屼笉鍍呭儏鏄竴鍊嬫妧琛撳鐝�锛屼富瑕佺爺绌跺湪鎳夌敤瑷堢畻姗熸妧琛撳皪鍦扮悊淇℃伅閫茶铏曠悊銆佸瓨鍎�銆佹彁
鍙栦互鍙婄鐞嗗拰鍒嗘瀽閬庣▼涓彁鍑虹殑涓€绯诲垪鍩烘湰鍟忛锛屽寘鎷細
(1)鍒嗗竷寮忚▓绠�
(2)鍦扮悊淇℃伅鐨勮獚鐭�
(3)鍦扮悊淇℃伅鐨勪簰鎿嶄綔
(4)姣斾緥灏�
(5)绌洪枔淇℃伅鍩虹瑷柦鐨勬湭渚�
(6)鍦扮悊鏁告摎鐨勪笉纰哄畾鎬у拰鍩轰簬 GIS 鐨勫垎鏋�
(7)GIS 鍜岀ぞ鏈�
(8)鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦ㄧ挵(hu谩n)澧冧腑鐨勭┖闁撳垎鏋�
(9)绌洪枔鏁告摎鐨勭嵅鍙栧拰闆嗘垚绛夌瓑
2.涓昏鐮旂┒鍏у
鍦扮悆淇℃伅绉戝鐨勬湰璩槸寰炰俊鎭祦鐨勮搴︿締鎻ず鍦扮悆绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐢�銆佺櫦(f膩)灞曞強鍏舵紨鍖栬(gu墨)寰�锛屽緸鑰屽鐝捐硣
婧�銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧冨拰绀炬渻鐨勫畯瑙€瑾挎帶銆�
鍦扮悆淇℃伅鐮旂┒鍖呮嫭锛氬湴鐞冧俊鎭殑绲愭銆佹€ц唱銆佸垎椤炲拰琛ㄩ仈锛涘湴鐞冨湀灞ら枔淇℃伅鍌宠几姗熷埗銆佺墿鐞嗛亷绋�
鍙婂叾澧炵泭鍜岃“娓涗互鍙婁俊鎭祦鐨勫舰鎴愭鐞�锛涘湴鐞冧俊鎭殑绌洪枔瑾嶈瓨鍙婂叾涓嶇⒑瀹氭€ц垏鍙爯瑕嬫€э紱鍦扮悆淇℃伅妯�
鎿墿璩祦銆佽兘閲忔祦鍜屼汉娴佺浉浜掍綔鐢ㄩ棞绯荤殑鏅傜┖杞夋彌鐗瑰緛锛涘湴鐞冧俊鎭殑鐛插彇鍜岃檿鐞嗙殑鎳夌敤鍩虹鐞嗚珫绛�銆�
3.鍦扮悆淇℃伅鎶€琛撳寘鎷殑鍏у
(1)鍦扮悆鏁告摎鐛插彇鎶€琛�
鐢ㄤ互寰炲閮ㄤ笘鐣岀嵅寰楄閷勫湴鐞冩€ц唱鍜岀媭鎱�(t脿i)鐨勫湴鐞冩暩鎿�銆傞仚鎰�銆佸叏鐞冨畾浣嶇郴绲�(t菕ng)绛夊湴鐞冩暩鎿氱嵅鍙栨妧琛�
鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曞凡缍撳舰鎴愪簡瑕嗚搵鍏ㄧ悆鐨勭洠(ji膩n)娓亱琛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屽缓绔嬭捣澶氬堡娆�銆佺珛楂旂殑灏嶅湴瑙€娓郴绲�(t菕ng)锛圗OS,Earth
Observation System锛�锛屾槸蹇€熺嵅鍙栧拰鏇存柊鍦扮悆鏁告摎鐨勪富瑕佹妧琛撴墜娈�銆�
(2)鍦扮悆淇℃伅妯℃摤鎶€琛�
鐢ㄤ簬灏囧湴鐞冩暩鎿氳綁鍖栫偤鍦扮悆淇℃伅锛屽寘鎷湴鐞冪┖闁撲俊鎭殑鍔犲伐銆佸啀鐢熶互鍙婄嵅寰楁湁闂滄煇涓€鍦扮悆绌洪枔鍟�
椤岃В姹虹殑鐩殑銆佽▓鍔冨拰绛栫暐淇℃伅銆�
(3)鍦扮悆淇℃伅鍌虫挱鎶€琛�
鐢ㄤ互瀵︽柦绌洪枔鏁告摎鐨勫偝閬炲拰淇℃伅鐨勫偝鎾€�
绗簩绡€(ji茅) 鏁稿瓧鍦扮悆鐨勬蹇靛強鍏剁敘鐢熺殑鑳屾櫙
1.鍩烘湰姒傚康
涓€鍊嬩互鍦扮悆鍧愭鐐轰緷鎿氱殑銆佸叿鏈夊鍒嗚鲸鐜囩殑娴烽噺鏁告摎鍜屽缍’绀虹殑鍦扮悆铏涙摤绯荤当(t菕ng)銆傛暩瀛楀湴鐞冪湅鎴�
鏄€滃皪鍦扮悆鐨勪笁缍鍒嗚鲸鐜囪〃绀恒€佸畠鑳藉鏀惧叆澶ч噺鐨勫湴鐞嗘暩鎿氣€� 鍦ㄦ帴涓嬩締灏嶆暩瀛楀湴鐞冪殑鐩磋瀵︿緥瑙ｉ噵
涓彲浠ョ櫦(f膩)鐝�锛屾垐鐖剧殑鏁稿瓧鍦扮悆瀛告槸闂滀簬鏁村€嬪湴鐞冦€佸叏鏂逛綅鐨� GIS 鑸囪櫅鎿従瀵︽妧琛�銆佺恫绲℃妧琛撶浉绲愬悎鐨�
鐢㈢墿銆�
2.鐢㈢敓鐨勮儗鏅�
鍦� 鐞� 淇� 鎭� 绯� 绲�(t菕ng)
閬� 鎰� 銆� GPS 绛�
娓� 绻� 鎶€ 琛�
鍦� 鐞� 淇� 鎭� 鎶€ 琛�
鍦� 鐞� 淇� 鎭� 绉� 瀛�
G eomatics
鍦� 鐞� 淇� 鎭� 绉� 瀛�
鍦� 鐞� 绯� 绲�(t菕ng) 绉� 瀛�
鏁� 瀛� 鍦� 鐞�
鍏� 鐞� 璁� 鍖�
鍙� 鎸� 绾�(x霉) 鐧�(f膩) 灞�
鍏� 瀹�
瀛� 绉� 鐞� 璜� 鎶€ 琛� 鏀� 鎾�
瑷� 绠� 姗� 鎶€ 琛�
锛� 缍� 绲� 锛� 铏� 鎿�
鐝� 瀵� 鈥� 锛�
鏀� 绛� 鎳� 鐢�
鍦� 2 鏁稿瓧鍦扮悆鐢㈢敓鐨勮儗鏅�
绗笁绡€(ji茅) 鏁稿瓧鍦扮悆鏍稿績鎶€琛�
鏍稿績鎶€琛撶殑涓昏鍏у锛氶珮鍒嗚鲸鐜囪(w猫i)鏄熼仚鎰熸暩鎿氱殑蹇€熺嵅鍙栨妧琛�锛涘湴鐞冪┖闁撴暩鎿氱殑瀛樺劜鍜岃檿鐞�锛涜秴
濯掗珨绌洪枔淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)锛涘湴鐞嗕俊鎭殑鍒嗗竷寮忚▓绠�锛涚劇姣斾緥灏烘暩鎿氬韩锛涚┖闁撴暩鎿氬€夊韩锛涚┖闁撴暩鎿氳瀺鍚�(Fusion)锛�
铏涙摤鐝惧(VR,Virtual Reality)鎶€琛擄紱鍏冩暩鎿氾紙Metadata锛�銆�
绗洓绡€(ji茅) 鈥�3S鈥濋泦鎴愭妧琛�
1.鈥�3S鈥濆熀鏈蹇�
(1)閬欐劅(RS)
閫氬父鏄寚閫氶亷鏌愮ó鍌虫劅鍣ㄨ鑷�锛屽湪涓嶈垏鐮旂┒灏嶈薄鐩存帴鎺ヨЦ鐨勬儏娉佷笅锛岀嵅寰楀叾鐗瑰緛淇℃伅锛屽苟灏嶉€欎簺
淇℃伅閫茶鎻愬彇銆佸姞宸ャ€佽〃閬斿拰鎳夌敤鐨勪竴闁€绉戝鎶€琛�銆�
(2)鍏ㄧ悆瀹氫綅绯荤当(t菕ng)(GPS)
鏄埄鐢ㄤ汉閫犲湴鐞冭(w猫i)鏄熼€茶榛炰綅娓噺灏庤埅鎶€琛撱€�
GPS 绯荤当(t菕ng)鍖呮嫭涓夊ぇ閮ㄥ垎锛氱┖闁撻儴鍒嗏€斺€擥PS 琛�(w猫i)鏄熸槦搴�锛涘湴闈㈡帶鍒堕儴鍒嗏€斺€斿湴闈㈢洠(ji膩n)鎺х郴绲�(t菕ng)锛涚敤鎴惰ō
鍌欓儴鍒嗏€斺€擥PS 淇¤櫉鎺ユ敹姗�銆�
(3)鍦扮悊淇℃伅绯荤当(t菕ng)锛圙IS锛�
鏄互鍦扮悊绌洪枔鏁告摎搴偤鍩虹锛屽湪瑷堢畻姗熻粺纭欢鐨勬敮鎸佷笅锛屽皪绌洪枔鐩搁棞鏁告摎閫茶閲囬泦銆佺鐞�銆佹搷浣�銆�
鍒嗘瀽銆佹ā鎿拰椤ず锛屽苟閲囩敤鍦扮悊妯″瀷鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶锛岄仼鏅傛彁渚涘绋┖闁撳拰鍕曟厠(t脿i)鐨勫湴鐞嗕俊鎭紝鐐哄湴鐞嗙爺绌跺拰
鍦扮悊姹虹瓥鏈嶅嫏鑰屽缓绔嬭捣渚嗙殑瑷堢畻姗熸妧琛撶郴绲�(t菕ng)銆�
(4)3S 绯荤当(t菕ng)
3S 鎶€琛撶偤绉戝鐮旂┒銆佹斂搴滅鐞�銆佺ぞ鏈冪敓鐢㈡彁渚涗簡鏂颁竴浠ｇ殑瑙€娓墜娈�銆佹弿杩拌獮瑷€鍜屾€濈董宸ュ叿銆�3S
鐨勭祼鍚堟噳鐢�锛屽彇闀疯鐭�锛屾槸涓€鍊嬭嚜鐒剁殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡定鍕�锛屼笁鑰呬箣闁撶殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤褰㈡垚浜嗏€滀竴鍊嬪ぇ鑵︼紝鍏╁彧鐪肩潧鈥�
鐨勬鏋�锛屽嵆 RS 鍜� GPS 鍚� GIS 鎻愪緵鎴栨洿鏂板崁(q奴)鍩熶俊鎭互鍙婄┖闁撳畾浣嶏紝GIS 閫茶鐩告噳鐨勭┖闁撳垎鏋�锛屼互寰�
RS 鍜� GPS 鎻愪緵鐨勬旦濡傜厵娴风殑鏁告摎涓彁鍙栨湁鐢ㄤ俊鎭�锛屽苟閫茶缍滃悎闆嗘垚锛屼娇涔嬫垚鐐烘焙绛栫殑绉戝渚濇摎銆�
2.涓昏鎳夌敤
(1)瀹氫綅
涓昏鍦ㄨ濡傛梾娓�銆佹帰闅瓑闇€瑕佸澶栧嫊鎱�(t脿i)瀹氫綅淇℃伅鐨勬椿鍕曚腑浣跨敤銆傚鏋滀笉鑸� GIS 闆嗘垚锛屽埄鐢� GPS
鎺ユ敹姗熷拰绱欒唱鍦板舰鍦�锛屼篃鍙互瀵︾従绌洪枔瀹氫綅锛涗絾鏄€氶亷灏� GPS 鎺ユ敹姗熼€ｆ帴鍦ㄥ畨瑁� GIS 杌熶欢鍜岃┎鍦板崁(q奴)
绌洪枔鏁告摎鐨勪究鏀滃紡瑷堢畻姗熶笂锛屽彲浠ユ柟渚垮湴椤ず GPS 鎺ユ敹姗熸墍鍦ㄤ綅鑷靛苟瀵︽檪椤ず鍏堕亱鍕曡粚璺�锛岄€茶€屽彲
浠ュ埄鐢� GIS 鎻愪緵鐨勭┖闁撴绱㈠姛鑳斤紝寰楀埌瀹氫綅榛炲懆鍦嶇殑淇℃伅锛屽緸鑰屽鐝炬焙绛栨敮鎸併€�
(2)娓噺
涓昏鎳夌敤浜庡湡鍦扮鐞�銆佸煄甯傝(gu墨)鍔冪瓑闋樺煙锛屽埄鐢� GPS 鍜� GIS 鐨勯泦鎴愶紝鍙互娓噺鍗€(q奴)鍩熺殑闈㈢⿳鎴栬€呰矾
寰戠殑闀峰害銆傝┎閬庣▼椤炰技浜庡埄鐢ㄦ暩瀛楀寲鍎€閫茶鏁告摎閷勫叆锛岄渶瑕佽窡韫ゅ閭婂舰閭婄晫鎴栬矾寰�锛岄噰闆嗘娊妯ｅ悗鐨勯爞
榛炲潗妯欙紝骞跺皣鍧愭鏁告摎閫氶亷 GIS 瑷橀寗锛岀劧鍚庤▓绠楃浉闂滅殑闈㈢⿳鎴栭暦搴︽暩鎿氥€�
鍦ㄩ€茶 GPS 娓噺鏅�锛岃娉ㄦ剰浠ヤ笅涓€浜涘晱椤�锛岄鍏�锛岃纰哄畾 GPS 鐨勫畾浣嶇簿搴︽槸鍚︽豢瓒虫脯閲忕殑绮惧害
瑕佹眰锛屽灏嶅畢鍩哄湴鐨勬脯閲忥紝绮惧害闇€瑕侀仈鍒板帢绫崇礆锛岃€岃鍦ㄩ噹澶栨脯閲忎竴鍊嬭純澶у崁(q奴)鍩熺殑闈㈢⿳锛岀背绱氱敋鑷冲咕
鍗佺背绱氱殑绮惧害灏卞彲浠ユ豢瓒宠姹�锛涘叾娆★紝灏嶄笉瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧崁(q奴)鍩熸垨鑰呰矾寰戠殑娓噺锛岄渶瑕佺⒑瀹氶噰妯ｅ師鍓囷紝閲囨ǎ榛為伕
鍙栫殑涓嶅悓锛屾渻褰遍熆鍒版渶鍚庣殑娓噺绲愭灉銆�
(3)鐩�(ji膩n)鎺у皫鑸�
鐢ㄤ簬杌婅紱銆佽埞鍙殑鍕曟厠(t脿i)鐩�(ji膩n)鎺�锛屽湪鎺ユ敹鍒拌粖杓�銆佽埞鍙櫦(f膩)鍥炵殑浣嶈嚨鏁告摎鍚庯紝鐩�(ji膩n)鎺т腑蹇冨彲浠ョ⒑瀹氳粖鑸圭殑
閬嬭杌岃贰锛岄€茶€屽埄鐢� GIS 绌洪枔鍒嗘瀽宸ュ叿锛屽垽鏂峰叾閬嬭鏄惁姝ｅ父锛屽鏄惁鍋忛洟闋愬畾鐨勮矾绶�锛岄€熷害鏄惁鐣�
甯革紙闈滄锛夌瓑绛�锛屽湪鍑虹従鐣板父鏅傦紝鐩�(ji膩n)鎺т腑蹇冨彲浠ユ彁鍑虹浉鎳夌殑铏曠悊鎺柦锛屽叾涓寘鎷悜杌婅埞鐧�(f膩)甯冨皫鑸寚浠ゃ€�
鍙冭€冩浉鐩細
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
