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鐑寸殑鍖栧鎬ц唱(zh矛)(楣典唬)锛涗簡瑙ｈ嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳姗熷埗锛屾帉鎻′笉鍚岄鍨嬬⒊鑷敱鍩虹祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑闂�
绯�銆�5.鎺屾彙鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛告€ц唱(zh矛)(涓夊厓鐠�(hu谩n)銆佸洓鍏冪挵(hu谩n)鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳夛紝浜斿厓鐠�(hu谩n)銆佸叚鍏冪挵(hu谩n)鐨勫彇浠ｅ弽
鎳�)銆�
锛堝崄涓夛級涓嶉＝鍜岃剛鑲兇
1.鎺屾彙闆欓嵉纰冲師瀛愬拰涓夐嵉纰冲師瀛愮殑闆滃寲椤炲瀷銆佺儻鐑寸殑鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛屽叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)
妲�(g貌u)銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�銆�2.鎺屾彙鐑紙鐐旓級鐑寸殑鍛藉悕锛屾(g貌u)鍨嬬殑闋�銆佸弽鍜� Z銆丒 妯欒娉�锛屾搴忚(gu墨)鍓囥€�
3.浜嗚В鐑紙鐐旓級鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�4.鎺屾彙鐑紙鐐旓級鐑寸殑鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�锛岀儻鐑� 伪 -姘�
鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�锛岄噾灞倲鍖栫墿鐨勭敓鎴�銆�5.鎺屾彙涓嶅悓纰虫闆㈠瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀┅(w臎n)瀹氭€х殑闂滅郴銆�6.浜嗚В鍏�
杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勫姞鎴愬弽鎳�锛屾帉鎻￠洐鐑悎鎴�(Diels鈥擜lder 鍙嶆噳)銆�
锛堝崄鍥涳級鑺抽鐑�
1.浜嗚В鑺抽鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍙婅嫰鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻¤嫰鍜岃悩鍙婅鐢熺墿鐨勫懡鍚�銆�2.鎺屾彙鑻殑
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佽姵棣欐€у強 Huckel 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆�3.鎺屾彙鑻拰鑻殑琛嶇敓鐗╃殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳锛屽伌(c猫)閺堢殑姘у寲鍙�
鎳夊拰楣典唬鍙嶆噳銆�4.浜嗚В鑺崇挵(hu谩n)瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳姗熷埗锛屾帉鎻¤姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳夌殑瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪強
鎳夌敤銆�
锛堝崄浜旓級鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)
1.鎺屾彙鍋忔尟鍏夎垏鏃嬪厜鎬�銆佹棆鍏夊害鑸囨瘮鏃嬪厜搴�銆佹墜鎬у垎瀛愯垏鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙銆佸皪绋卞洜绱�
鑸囨棆鍏夋椿鎬�銆佸皪鏄犻珨鑸囬潪灏嶆槧楂�銆佸収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂旇垏澶栨秷鏃嬮珨绛夊熀鏈蹇点€�2.鎺屾彙鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)楂�
妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛團ischer 鎶曞奖寮忥級鍙� R/S 鍜� D/L 妯欒娉�銆� 3.浜嗚В鐠�(hu谩n)鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╁拰涓嶅惈鎵�
鎬х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勬墜鎬у垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
锛堝崄鍏級楣典唬鐑�
1.浜嗚В楣典唬鐑风殑鐣版(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲強鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻″叾鍛藉悕銆�2.鎺屾彙楣典唬鐑风殑瑕牳鍙栦唬
鍙嶆噳銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(Saytzeff 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�)銆佽垏閲戝爆 Mg 鐨勫弽鎳�銆�3.浜嗚В楣典唬鐑寸祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧寲瀛告椿鎬х殑
闂滅郴銆�
锛堝崄涓冿級閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔
1.浜嗚В閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲強鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻″叾鍛藉悕銆�2.鎺屾彙閱囪垏閲戝爆 Na 鐨�
鍙嶆噳锛岄唶鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(鑸� HX銆丳X3銆丳X5銆佹隘鍖栦簽鐮�銆丩ucas 瑭﹀姂鐨勫弽鎳�)锛岄唶鐨勮劔姘村弽鎳�
(鍒嗗瓙鍏�(n猫i)銆佸垎瀛愰枔鑴按)锛岄唶鐨勯叝鍖栧弽鎳�锛岄唶鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�銆�3.鎺屾彙閰氱殑閰告€у強鍏跺奖闊垮洜绱狅紝
閰氱殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳锛岄厷鑸� FeCl3 鐨勯’鑹插弽鎳夈€�4.鎺屾彙閱氬湪浣庢韩涓嬭垏婵冨挤閰镐綔鐢�锛岄啔閸电殑鏂疯锛�
浜嗚В閱氶亷姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚銆佹椹楀拰铏曠悊鏂规硶銆�
锛堝崄鍏級閱�銆侀叜銆侀唽
1.浜嗚В閱�銆侀叜銆侀唽鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲強鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻″叾鍛藉悕銆�2.鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜鐨勮Κ鏍�
鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳鍜岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�锛屛� -姘殑鍙嶆噳锛岄啗鐨勬哀鍖栧拰姝у寲鍙嶆噳(Cannizzaro 鍙嶆噳)銆�3.浜嗚В
閱涖€侀叜鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳夋鍒�銆�
锛堝崄涔濓級缇ч吀銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀
1.浜嗚В缇ч吀銆佺晶閰歌鐢熺墿銆佸彇浠ｉ吀鐨勫垎椤�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婄墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻″叾鍛藉悕(鍖呮嫭閲�
瑕佺晶閰哥殑淇楀悕)銆�2.鎺屾彙缇ч吀鐨勯吀鎬�锛岀晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勭敓鎴�锛屼簩鍏冪晶閰哥殑鍙楃啽鍒嗚В鍙嶆噳锛�
缇ч吀鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳�锛岀晶閰肝� -姘殑楣典唬鍙嶆噳銆�3.鎺屾彙缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑姘磋В銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙�锛孋laisen
閰府鍚堝弽鎳�锛岄叝鐨勯倓鍘熷弽鎳夛紝閰拌兒鐨勯吀鍫挎€�锛岄叞鑳虹殑 Hofmann 闄嶈В鍙嶆噳銆�4.鎺屾彙鍚勭ó缇�
鍩洪吀鐨勮劔姘村弽鎳�锛屛� -缇ュ熀閰稿強伪 -閰吀鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳夛紝伪 -缇ュ熀閰哥殑鍒嗚В鍙嶆噳锛屛� -閰吀閰�
鐨勯叜寮忊€旂儻閱囧紡浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)銆�
锛堜簩鍗侊級鑳�
1. 浜嗚В鑳虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻″叾鍛藉悕銆�2.鎺屾彙鑳虹殑鍫挎€�锛岀兎鍩哄寲锛岄叞
鍩哄寲锛岀：?锛�?(Hinsberg 鍙嶆噳)锛岃垏浜炵閰哥殑鍙嶆噳锛岃姵棣欒兒鐨勫埗鍌�(鑺抽纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭�
鍘�)銆�3.鎺屾彙閲嶆爱楣界殑鍒跺倷鍙婂弽鎳�(鑸� H2O銆丠3PO2銆丆uX銆丆uCN 鍙嶆噳)锛岄噸姘菇鐨勫伓鑱�(li谩n)鍙嶆噳銆�
4.鎺屾彙灏跨礌鐨勫牽鎬э紝姘磋В鍙嶆噳锛屼簩绺劜鐨勭敓鎴愬強鍙嶆噳銆�
锛堜簩鍗佷竴锛夐洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
1.鎺屾彙鍛嬪杻銆佸悺鍜�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍟跺強鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勫懡鍚嶃€�2.浜嗚В鍛嬪杻銆佸悺鍜�銆佸櫥鍚�銆�
鍚″暥鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囪姵棣欐€х殑闂滅郴銆佽垏瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳娲绘€х殑闂滅郴銆�3.鎺屾彙鍚″挴鍜屽悺鍟剁殑閰稿牽鎬�锛�
鍛嬪杻銆佸悺鍜€佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍟剁殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(楣典唬銆佺：鍖�)锛屽悺鍟跺伌(c猫)閺堢殑姘у寲鍙嶆噳銆�
锛堜簩鍗佷簩锛夌硸椤�
1.鎺屾彙钁¤悇绯栫殑閺堢媭绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(Fischer 鎶曞奖寮�)鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(Haworth 寮忓拰妲�(g貌u)璞″紡)锛屼簡
瑙ｈ畩鏃嬬従(xi脿n)璞°€�2.鎺屾彙钁¤悇绯栧強鍏剁硸鑻风殑妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪強鍛藉悕銆�3.鎺屾彙鍠硸鐨勭暟妲�(g貌u)鍖�銆佹哀鍖�銆侀倓鍘�銆�
鎴愯剮銆佹垚鑻峰拰鎴愰叝鍙嶆噳銆�4.浜嗚В閭勫師鎬у拰闈為倓鍘熸€х殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸鍙婇€ｆ帴鏂瑰紡銆�5.浜嗚В娣€绮�
鍜岀簴缍礌鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺祫鎴愬強閫ｆ帴鏂瑰紡锛屾穩绮夌殑閼掑垾銆�
锛堜簩鍗佷笁锛夎剛椤�
1.鎺屾彙娌硅剛銆佽牊銆佺７鑴�(鑵︾７鑴�銆佸嵉纾疯剛)鐨勭祫鎴愬拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾补鑴傚拰楂樼礆鑴傝偑閰哥殑鍛藉悕銆�
2.鎺屾彙娌硅剛鐨勭殏鍖栧弽鎳夊強鐨傚寲鍊肩殑瑷堢畻銆�3.浜嗚В纰樺€�銆侀吀鍊肩殑姒傚康銆�
鍏�銆佷富瑕佸弮鑰冩暀鏉�
1. 鐜嬪厓铇富绶�锛屻€婄劇姗熷寲瀛搞€嬶紙绗簩鐗堬級锛屽寳浜細鍖栧宸ユキ(y猫)鍑虹増绀�.
3. 妤� 绱呬富绶�锛屻€婃湁姗熷寲瀛搞€嬶紙绗簩鐗堬級锛屽寳浜細涓湅杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鍑虹増绀�.
2. 楂� 宀愪富绶�锛屻€婂垎鏋愬寲瀛搞€嬶紙绗竴鐗堬級锛屽寳浜細楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�.
鍏嶈铂鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛烇紝鑸囨湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛鑷鏍稿鐩搁棞鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
