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绗簩閮ㄥ垎 鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)
1锛庣窉璜栵細
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6
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7
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绗笁閮ㄥ垎 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)
绗� 1 绔� 绶掕珫
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╄垏鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)锛屾湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗规€�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)閸佃垏闆滃寲杌岄亾鐞嗚珫锛屽寲瀛�(xu茅)閸佃垏鍒嗗瓙
鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
绗� 2 绔� 鐑� 鐑�
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2锛�3 鐑风兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
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绗� 3 绔� 鐑� 鐑�
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鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽懡鍚�锛屾(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛岄爢?l猫)涓叉偐?g貌u)鍙婅〃绀烘柟娉�銆�
3锛�2 鐑兇鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
3锛�3 鐑兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鍌寲姘寲鍙婄儻鐑寸殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛涜Κ闆诲姞鎴愶細鍔犻沟绱�(瑕浕瑭﹀姂銆佽Κ闆诲姞鎴愩€佽Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝�
绋�)锛屽姞楣靛寲姘�(棣皬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛岃獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛岀⒊姝ｉ洟瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰纰虫闆㈠瓙鐨勯噸鎺�)锛�
鍔犳楣甸吀锛屽姞纭吀锛屽姞姘达紝纭兼矮鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚锛欻Br 閬�(gu貌)姘у寲鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛� 姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛浳�
-姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng):楣典唬锛堢儻涓欏熀鑷敱鍩哄強锛屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛�锛涚儻鐑寸殑閼掑垾銆�
绗� 4 绔� 鐐旂兇銆佷簩鐑兇
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4锛�2 鐐旂兇鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
4锛�3 鐐旂兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鍙侀嵉纰充笂姘師瀛愮殑娲绘綉鎬э紙寮遍吀鎬э級锛氳垏閳夋垨姘ㄥ熀閳夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽垏纭濋吀閵€鐨勬皑婧舵恫鎴栭沟鍖�
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鍔犳垚 C銆佽垏姘寸殑鍔犳垚锛�銆佽Κ鏍稿姞鎴愨€斺€旇垏閱囧姞鎴�锛涙哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涚倲鐑寸殑鍒跺倷鑸囬憭鍒�銆�
4锛�4 浜岀儻鐑寸殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)
8
鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(1,4 鍔犳垚鍜� 1,2 鍔犳垚) 鈶￠洐鐑悎鎴�(Diels-Alder
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))
绗� 5 绔� 鑴傜挵(hu谩n)鐑�
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5锛�2 鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�
5锛�4 鐠�(hu谩n)宸茬兎鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑妲�(g貌u)璞�
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5锛�5 鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀挵(hu谩n)鐑兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傝剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑閼掑垾銆�
绗� 6 绔� 鑺抽鐑�
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6锛�2 鑺抽鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鑺抽鎬ц垏瑷卞厠鐖捐(gu墨)鍓�
6锛�3 鑺抽鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
6锛�4 鑺抽鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
1锛庤Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婃(j墨)鐞嗭細楣典唬銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�銆佷粯姘忕兎鍩哄寲鍜岄叞鍩哄寲銆佹隘鐢插熀鍖栵紱2.
鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬姞姘€佸姞姘�锛�3.姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬伌(c猫)閺堟哀鍖�銆佽嫰鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲锛�4.鍋�(c猫)閺堝彇浠�锛�5. 瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)鍓�
鍙婃椿鍖栦綔鐢紝鐞嗚珫瑙ｉ噵锛岄洐鍙栦唬鍩哄畾浣嶈(gu墨)鍓囧強鐞嗚珫瑙ｉ噵锛屽畾浣嶈(gu墨)鍓囩殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗� 7 绔� 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
鐣版(g貌u)楂旂殑鍒嗛鑸囩珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)锛屾墜鎬э紝鎵嬪緛鎬�锛屾墜鎬у垎瀛愯垏鏃嬪厜鎬э紝鍒嗗瓙鐨勫皪(du矛)绋卞洜绱�锛屾墜
鎬у師瀛�銆傛(g貌u)鍨嬬殑纰哄畾銆佹(bi膩o)瑷樺拰琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛團isher 鎶曞奖寮�锛孯/S 琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛�銆傚皪(du矛)鏄犻珨锛岄潪灏�(du矛)
鏄犻珨锛屽娑堟棆楂�锛屽樊鍚戠暟妲�(g貌u)楂�锛屽収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂�銆�
绗� 8 绔� 绱鍏夎瓬銆佺磪澶栧厜璀�銆佹牳纾佸叡鎸�
1. 鏍哥鍏辨尟: 鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆傚睆钄芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱�锛岃嚜鏃嬪伓鍚�-瑁傚垎銆俷+1 瑕�(gu墨)
寰嬶紝1
H NMR 鍦栬瓬鍒嗘瀽銆�
2. 绱呭鍏夎瓬: 鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆備富瑕佸畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸惛鏀躲€傝瓬鍦栧垎鏋�銆�
3. 绱鍏夎瓬: 鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛屼竴鑸蹇�銆傚垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀传澶栧惛鏀剁殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傚叡杌涢珨绯�銆佽姵棣欏寲
鍚堢墿鐨勭传澶栧厜璀�銆�
绗� 9 绔� 楣典唬鐑�
9锛�1 楣典唬鐑风殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚�
9锛�2 楣典唬鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
9
9锛�3 楣典唬鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
1. 瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng) (姘磋В銆佹鞍瑙ｃ€佹皑瑙�銆侀唶瑙�銆佸拰纭濋吀閵€浣滅敤)锛岃Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼(SN1
鍜� SN2)锛�2. 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛毼� -娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼(E1 鍜� E2)锛屾秷闄ゆ柟鍚�锛屽彇浠ｈ垏娑堥櫎鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛�3. 楣�
浠ｇ兎鑸囬噾灞綔鐢� (鑸囬巶銆佹牸姘忚│鍔�)銆傞沟浠ｇ儻鐨勫垎椤炲強闆欓嵉浣嶇疆灏�(du矛)楣电礌鍘熷瓙娲绘綉鎬х殑褰遍熆銆�
楣典唬鐑寸殑閼掑垾銆�
绗� 10 绔� 閱囧拰閱�
10锛�1 閱囩殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佺暟妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�
10锛�2 閱囩殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
10锛�3 閱囩殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鈶犺垏娲绘綉閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憽缇ュ熀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng): 楣电兇鐨勭敓鎴�銆佽垏鐒�(w煤)姗�(j墨)閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng) (鍒�
瀛愬収(n猫i)鑴按鍜屽垎瀛愰枔鑴按)锛涒憿姘у寲鑸囪劔姘€備簩鍏冮唶鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆傞唶鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆� 顎�
10锛�4 閱�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�銆傜墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氫蒋楣界殑鐢熸垚鍜岄啔閸电殑鏂疯锛岄亷(gu貌)姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岀挵(hu谩n)
閱氱殑闁嬬挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞� (鑸囨按銆侀唶銆佹皑銆佹牸姘忚│鍔戠瓑浣滅敤)銆傞啔鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆傤€�
绗� 11 绔� 閰氬拰閱�
11锛�1 閰氱殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕
11锛�2 閰氱殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
11锛�3 閰氱殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
閰氱茎鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶吀鎬�銆侀厷閱氱敓鎴愩€侀叝鐨勭敓鎴�锛涜姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶沟鍖栥€佺鍖�銆�
纾哄寲銆佺兎鍩洪啔鍩哄寲銆佽垏缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗╃府鍚�锛涜垏涓夋隘鍖栭惖鐨勯’鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)
11锛�4 鑻唽
鑻唽鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶃€佸埗鍌�锛涜嫰閱岀殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氱⒊纰抽洐閸靛姞鎴愩€�1,4-鍔犳垚銆佺景鍩哄姞鎴愩€侀倓
鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)
绗� 12 绔� 閱涘拰閰�
12锛�1 閱�銆侀叜鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�
12锛�2 閱�銆侀叜鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
12锛�3 閱涖€侀叜鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鈶犺Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婃绋嬶細鍔犳矮姘伴吀銆佸姞浜炵～閰告矮閳夈€佸姞閱�銆佸姞鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂銆佽垏姘ㄨ鐢熺墿
绺悎锛涒憽伪 -姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺茎閱涚府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憿姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬急姘у寲鍔� (Fehling
瑭﹀姂銆乀ollens 瑭﹀姂)銆佸挤(qi谩ng)姘у寲鍔�锛涒懀閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng): 鍌寲鍔犳矮銆佺敤姘寲閶侀嫲閭勫師銆佺敤纭兼矮鍖�
閳夐倓鍘�銆佺暟涓欓唶閶侀倓鍘�銆丆=O 閭勫師鎴� CH2銆侀噾灞倓鍘燂紱鈶ゆ鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽潕灏兼墡缇咃紙Cannizzaro锛�
10
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆偽� 銆佄� -涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岄啗閰殑鍒跺倷鑸囬憭鍒ャ€�
绗� 13 绔� 缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗�
13锛�1 缇ч吀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕
13锛�2 缇ч吀鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
13锛�3 缇ч吀鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鈶犻吀鎬�锛涒憽缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岃Κ鏍稿姞鎴�-娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗭紱鈶㈤倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懀鑴晶鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
鈶の� -姘師瀛愮殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆備簩鍏冪晶閰稿強伪 -缇ュ熀閰搞€傜晶閰哥殑鍒跺倷鑸囬憭鍒�銆�
13锛�4 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�
13锛�5 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鈶�.缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栵紱鈶¤垏鏈夋(j墨)閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憿閭勫師锛涒懀閰拌兒鐨� Hofmann 闄嶇礆(j铆)
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒懁閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涗箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰�銆佷笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰強椤炰技鍖栧悎鐗╃殑伪 -姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨�
鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�:鑸囬沟浠ｇ兇鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠�銆佽垏缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑瑕牳鍔犳垚-娑堥櫎銆佽垏缇板熀鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴�銆傜晶閰歌
鐢熺墿鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆傤€�
绗� 14 绔� 鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�
14锛�1 纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚�
14锛�2 纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑸囧牽浣滅敤鎴愰菇锛涢倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜嫰鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚鍩哄皪(du矛)閯�銆佸皪(du矛)浣嶄笂鍙栦唬鍩虹殑褰遍熆锛氬皪(du矛)
楣靛師瀛愭椿娼戞€х殑褰遍熆銆佸皪(du矛)閰氶閰告€х殑褰遍熆
14锛�3 鑳虹殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚嶅拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
14锛�4 鑳虹殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
14锛�5 鑳虹殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鈶犲牽鎬�锛� 鈶＄兇鍩哄寲锛� 鈶㈤湇澶浖娑堥櫎 锛涒懀?锛涱姮?锛� 鈶よ垏浜炵閰稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛� 鈶ヨ垏閱涢叜鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
鈶﹁姵鑳虹殑鐗规畩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鑸囦簽纭濋吀浣滅敤銆佹哀鍖�銆佽姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)) 锛涢噸姘拰鍋舵爱鍖栧悎鐗╋細閲嶆爱
鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘菇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傝兒鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆傤€�
涓夈€佽│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
1锛庤€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁擄細180 鍒嗛悩
2锛庤│鍗峰垎鍊硷細150 鍒嗭紙鐒�(w煤)姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆佸垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)鍜屾湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍚� 50 鍒嗭級
3锛庨鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氾紙1锛夊～绌洪锛�10 鍒嗭級
锛�2锛夐伕鎿囬锛�12 鍒�+10 鍒�+20 鍒嗭級
锛�3锛夌啊(ji菐n)绛旈锛�20 鍒�+15 鍒嗭級
锛�4锛夎▓(j矛)绠楅锛�8 鍒�+20 鍒嗭級
11
锛�5锛夎ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)椤岋紙5 鍒嗭級
锛�6锛夊畬鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�10 鍒嗭級
锛�7锛夊悎鎴愰鍨嬶紙10 鍒嗭級
锛�8锛夋帹娓�(c猫)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛�10 鍒嗭級
鍥�銆佸弮鑰冩浉鐩�
绗竴閮ㄥ垎 鐒�(w煤)姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅) 鍚夋灄澶у(xu茅) 姝︽饥澶у(xu茅) 鍗楅枊澶у(xu茅) 瀹嬪ぉ浣� 寰愬瀵� 绋嬪姛鑷荤法 楂樼瓑鏁�
鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ 2004 骞淬€婄劇(w煤)姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬩笂銆佷笅鍐�(c猫)
绗簩閮ㄥ垎 鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)銆婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�锛岀鍥涚増锛屾婕㈠ぇ瀛�(xu茅)涓荤法锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ銆�
绗笁閮ㄥ垎 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅) 閭㈠叾姣� 瑁村亯鍋� 寰愮憺绉� 瑁村爡(ji膩n)銆婂熀绀�(ch菙)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆� 绗笁鐗� 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛
鍑虹増绀� 锛涘緪澹芥槍 銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆� 绗簩鐗� 楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�銆�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹广€佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€с€佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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