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楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傞沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1. 瑕牳鍙�
浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng) (姘磋В銆佹鞍瑙�銆佹皑瑙�銆侀唶瑙�銆佸拰纭濋吀閵€浣滅敤)锛岃Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)
姝风▼(SN1 鍜� SN2)锛�2. 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛毼� -娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼(E1 鍜� E2)锛屾秷闄�
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娲绘綉鎬х殑褰遍熆銆傞沟浠ｈ姵鐑寸殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傚父瑕嬭Κ鏍歌│鍔戠殑鍒嗛銆�
锛堜簲锛� 閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔
1. 閱囷細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傚寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鑸囨椿娼戦噾灞�
鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憽缇ュ熀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng): 楣电兇鐨勭敓鎴�銆佽垏鐒℃(j墨)閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng) (鍒�
瀛愬収(n猫i)鑴按鍜屽垎瀛愰枔鑴按)锛涒憿姘у寲鑸囪劔姘�銆備簩鍏冮唶鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆傞唶鐨勫埗鍌�
鑸囬憭鍒�銆� 顎�
2. 閰氾細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)(鍒嗗瓙鍏�(n猫i)姘嵉鑸囧垎瀛愰枔姘嵉)銆�
鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼閰氱茎鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶吀鎬�銆佹垚閰�銆佹垚閱氾紱鈶¤姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
楣典唬銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�銆佺兎鍩哄寲銆佽垏缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗╃府鍚�銆丗ries 閲嶆帓鑸� Claisen
閲嶆帓銆佹按妤婇啗鑸囨按妤婇吀鐨勫埗鍌�锛涒憿鑸囦笁姘寲閻电殑椤壊鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒懀姘у寲鑸�
閭勫師锛涢唽銆侀厷鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆�
3. 閱氳垏鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿锛氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氫蒋楣界殑
鐢熸垚鍜岄啔閸电殑鏂疯锛岄亷姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岀挵(hu谩n)閱氱殑闁嬬挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�
(鑸囨按銆侀唶銆佹皑銆佹牸姘忚│鍔戠瓑浣滅敤)銆傚啝閱氳垏涓诲楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)銆傞啔鐨勫埗鍌欒垏
閼掑垾銆傤€�
4.鍚～鍖栧悎鐗�:纭唶 纭啔
锛堝叚锛夐啗鍜岄叜顎�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕锛岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬姞姘鞍
閰稿強瑕牳鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆佸姞浜炵～閰告矮閳夈€佸姞閱�銆佸姞鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂銆佽垏姘ㄨ
鐢熺墿绺悎銆佽垏 Wittig 瑭﹀姂鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憽伪 -姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺茎
閱涚府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憿姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬急姘у寲鍔� (Fehling 瑭﹀姂銆乀ollens 瑭﹀姂)銆�
寮�(qi谩ng)姘у寲鍔�銆侀亷姘ч吀姘у寲锛涒懀閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng): 鍌寲鍔犳矮銆佺敤姘寲閶侀嫲閭勫師銆�
鐢ㄧ〖姘寲閳夐倓鍘�銆佺暟涓欓唶閶侀倓鍘�銆丆=O 閭勫師鎴� CH2銆侀噾灞倓鍘�锛涒懁姝�
鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆� 閱涢叜鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆偽� 銆佄� -涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)(瑕牳鍔犳垚銆�
瑕浕鍔犳垚銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘�)銆�
锛堜竷锛� 鍎€鍣ㄥ垎鏋�
1. 璩�(zh矛)璀�: 鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆傚垎瀛愰洟瀛愬拰鍒嗗瓙閲�銆佸垎瀛愬紡纰哄畾銆傜鐗囬洟瀛�
鍜屽垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬帹鏂�銆�
2. 绱呭鍏夎瓬: 鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆傚畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸惛鏀�銆傝瓬鍦栧垎鏋愩€�
3. 绱鍏夎瓬: 涓€鑸蹇�銆傚垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀传澶栧惛鏀剁殑闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€傝姵棣欏寲鍚�
鐗╃殑绱鍏夎瓬銆�
4. 鍏朵粬鍎€鍣ㄥ垎鏋愭柟娉曞湪鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ啊浠�銆�
锛堝叓锛� 缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗�
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鐢熺墿鐨勭敓鎴愶紝瑕牳鍔犳垚-娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涒憿閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒懀鑴晶鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
鈶の� -姘師瀛愮殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆備簩鍏冪晶閰稿強伪 -缇ュ熀閰�銆傜晶閰哥殑鍒跺倷鑸囬憭鍒�銆�
2. 缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╋細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼 缇ч吀琛�
鐢熺墿鐨勭浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鍖�锛涒憽鑸囨湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憿閭勫師锛涒懀閰拌兒鐨� Hofmann
闄嶇礆鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傜晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆傜⒊閰歌鐢熺墿锛岃劜銆傤€�
3. 纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng): 鈶犵⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙: 绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸舰鎴�銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
鈶￠叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憿鑸囬沟浠ｇ兇鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠�銆佽垏缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑瑕牳鍔犳垚-
娑堥櫎銆佽垏缇板熀鐨勮Κ鏍稿姞鎴愩€�
锛堜節锛夊惈姘寲鍚堢墿
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鐑村熀鍖�锛� 鈶㈤湇澶浖娑堥櫎 锛涒懀?锛涱姮顕�?鈶よ垏浜炵閰稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛� 鈶ヨ垏閱涢叜
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛� 鈶﹁姵鑳虹殑鐗规畩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鑸囦簽纭濋吀浣滅敤銆佹哀鍖�銆佽姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))銆�
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3. 閲嶆爱鍜屽伓姘寲鍚堢墿锛氶噸姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘菇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎
鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚伓鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘敳鐑枫€�
4. 鑵堝拰鐣拌厛
锛堝崄锛� 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚嶃€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃姵棣欐€�銆� 浜斿厓鍠洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�(鍛嬪杻銆佸櫥鍚�銆�
鍚″挴)锛氱墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(瑕浕鍙栦唬銆佸姞鎴�銆佺壒娈婂弽鎳�(y墨ng))锛岀碃閱� 鍚�
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姘у寲鑸囬倓鍘�)銆傤€�
椋熷搧寰敓鐗╅儴鍒嗭細
锛堜竴锛夎€冭│绺介珨瑕佹眰
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鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ妧琛�(sh霉)銆佸伐钘濋亷绋�锛涙帉鎻″井鐢熺墿寮曡捣鐨勯鍝佽畩璩�(zh矛)鍘熺悊銆佸井鐢熺墿
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瑕佸井鐢熺墿椤炵兢锛涘苟灏嶉鍝佺殑娈鸿弻鏂规硶銆佽ō(sh猫)鍌欎綔涓€浠嬬垂銆備簡瑙ｉ鍝佷腑
甯歌寰敓鐗┿€傛帉鎻＄窗(x矛)鑿屽強鐪熻弻鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)妾㈡煡銆佸煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩哄埗鍌欍€佹秷姣掓粎
鑿�銆佸煿椁�(y菐ng)鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆佺敓鍖栬│椹�(y脿n)銆佽弻绋繚钘忕瓑鍩烘湰鏂规硶銆�
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锛堝煿椁�(y菐ng)锛夌壒寰�銆傜湡鏍稿井鐢熺墿鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)銆佸ぇ灏�銆佺窗(x矛)鑳炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺箒娈栨柟寮�銆�
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2銆佸井鐢熺墿鐨勭嚐椁�(y菐ng)鑸囩敓闀�
鎺屾彙寰敓鐗╃殑鐕熼(y菐ng)瑕佺礌涓昏鏈夌⒊婧�銆佹爱婧愩€佹按銆佺う璩�(zh矛)鍏冪礌銆佺敓
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鍨�銆佸寲鑳借嚜椁�(y菐ng)鍨�銆併€佸寲鑳界暟椁�(y菐ng)鍨�锛涘井鐢熺墿鍚告敹鐕熼(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬柟寮忚垏閬�
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娉曡垏瑷�(sh猫)鍌�銆備簡瑙ｅ井鐢熺墿灏嶇嚐椁�(y菐ng)鐨勯渶姹傚拰寰敓鐗╁皪鐕熼(y菐ng)鐨勫惛鏀舵柟寮�锛�
寰敓鐗╃殑鐢熼暦鑸囩挵(hu谩n)澧冪殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屽井鐢熺墿鐨勭兢楂旂敓闀疯(gu墨)寰嬪強鍦ㄩ鍝佸伐妤�(y猫)
涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涙帉鎻″煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩虹殑閰嶅埗鏂规硶鍙婁竴鑸姹傦紝鍩归(y菐ng)寰敓鐗╃殑鍩烘湰
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3銆佸井鐢熺墿鐨勪唬璎�
浜嗚В寰敓鐗╃殑鑳介噺浠ｈ瑵鑸囧井鐢熺墿鐨勫懠鍚镐綔鐢�锛涘井鐢熺墿鐨勫垎瑙ｄ唬
璎�锛涘井鐢熺墿鐨勫悎鎴愪唬璎濓紱鑸囬鍝佹湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勫井鐢熺墿鐨勪唬璎濈敘(ch菐n)鐗�锛岄叾鑸囬叾
鍒跺姂锛涙帉鎻″井鐢熺墿鍛煎惛浣滅敤鐨勯鍨嬪強鍏剁敘(ch菐n)鑳界壒榛�(di菐n)锛涗竴鑸簡瑙ｅ井鐢熺墿
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4銆佸井鐢熺墿閬哄偝璁婄暟鑸囪弻绋伕鑲�
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浜嗚В閬哄偝璁婄暟鍘熺悊鍦ㄩ伜鍌宠偛绋拰鍩哄洜宸ョ▼涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛涗簡瑙ｅ苟鎺屾彙寰�
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5銆佸井鐢熺墿鐢熸厠(t脿i)鑸囩敓鎱�(t脿i)宸ョ▼
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6銆佸井鐢熺墿鑸囧熀鍥犲伐绋�
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灏�(d菐o)鑸囨帴鍚�銆佸熀鍥犲伐绋嬭弻鏍紱鍏呭垎瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鍦ㄧ従(xi脿n)浠ｉ鍝佹噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ笂鐨�
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7銆佺窗(x矛)鑿屽紩璧风殑椋熷搧鑵愭晽
浜嗚В椋熷搧鐠�(hu谩n)澧冭垏寰敓鐗╃殑鐢熼暦鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆佸悇椤炲紩璧烽鍝佽厫鏁楃殑寰�
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8銆佺湡鑿屽紩璧风殑椋熷搧鑵愭晽
浜嗚В椋熷搧鐠�(hu谩n)澧冭垏鐪熻弻鐨勭敓闀�銆佸悇椤炲紩璧烽鍝佽厫鏁楃殑鐪熻弻鐨勭敓闀�
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9銆佺梾姣掑紩璧风殑椋熷搧姹℃煋
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10銆佸井鐢熺墿瀵�(sh铆)鐢ㄦ妧琛�(sh霉)
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