|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞达紱鍧囨彁渚涙敹璨讳笅杓�銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
婀栧崡甯寖澶у纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛歌€冭│鑷懡椤岃€冭│澶х侗
鑰冭│绉戠洰浠ｇ⒓锛歔 ] 鑰冭│绉戠洰鍚嶇ū锛氭瘮杓冩暀鑲�
涓€銆佽€冭│褰㈠紡鑸囪│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�
1)瑭﹀嵎鎴愮妇鍙婅€冭│鏅傞枔
鏈│鍗锋豢鍒嗙偤 100 鍒�锛岃€冭│鏅傞枔鐐� 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
2)绛旈鏂瑰紡
绛旈鏂瑰紡鐐洪枆鍗枫€佺瓎瑭�銆�
3)瑭﹀嵎鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭祼(ji茅)妲�
姣旇純鏁欒偛瀛� 100 鍒�
4)椤屽瀷绲�(ji茅)妲�
璜栬堪椤岋細4 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 20 鍒嗭紝鍏� 80 鍒�
妗堜緥鍒嗘瀽椤岋細 1 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 20 鍒嗭紝鍏� 20 鍒�
浜�銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹硅垏鑰冭│瑕佹眰
鑰冭│鐩锛�
涓€銆佽€冩牳瑕佹眰
1.浜嗚В姣旇純鏁欒偛瀛哥殑鍩烘湰姒傚康銆佺洰鐨勫拰浣滅敤銆佷簡瑙ｆ瘮杓冩暀鑲插鐨勫绉戠壒榛�锛�
浜嗚В涓栫晫涓昏鍦嬪鏁欒偛鐨勫埗搴�锛�
2.浜嗚В鍜屾帉鎻′笘鐣屼富瑕佸湅瀹舵暀鑲茬殑鍩烘湰鐙€娉佸拰鐗归粸锛�
3.浜嗚В涓栫晫鍚勫湅鏁欒偛鐨勫嫊鎱�(t脿i)璁婂寲锛屽鏈冮亱鐢ㄦ瘮杓冪殑鏂规硶渚嗙爺绌朵笘鐣屾暀鑲茬殑鐧�(f膩)
灞曡垏鏀归潻锛�
4.鎶婃彙涓栫晫鏁欒偛鐨勬敼闈╄垏鐧�(f膩)灞曟柟鍚�銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細
绗竴閮ㄥ垎 姣旇純鏁欒偛瀛哥殑鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫
涓€銆佹瘮杓冩暀鑲茬殑鎰忕京鑸囦綔鐢�
浜�銆佹瘮杓冩暀鑲茬殑鐮旂┒鏂规硶
涓昏娑夊強姣旇純鏁欒偛鐨勭爺绌跺垎椤炪€傛瘮杓冩暀鑲茬爺绌跺寘鎷崁(q奴)鍩熺爺绌跺拰姣旇純鐮旂┒鍏╁ぇ
椤炲瀷銆傚崁(q奴)鍩熺爺绌舵槸鍩虹锛屾瘮杓冪爺绌舵槸鍗€(q奴)鍩熺爺绌剁殑娣卞寲銆�
涓�銆佹瘮杓冩暀鑲茬殑姝峰彶鐧�(f膩)灞�
寰� 1817 骞存湵鍒╁畨鎻愬嚭鈥滄瘮杓冩暀鑲测€濋€欏€嬫蹇甸枊濮�锛屽湅澶栨垨鑰呰涓栫晫姣旇純鏁�
鑲插ぇ鑷村垎鐐轰笁鍊嬮殠娈点€備腑鍦嬫瘮杓冩暀鑲插緸 19 涓栫磤 40 骞翠唬闁嬪鑷充粖涔熷ぇ鑷寸稉(j墨ng)姝蜂簡涓�
鍊嬬櫦(f膩)灞曢殠娈�銆�
鍥涖€佹瘮杓冩暀鑲插鐨勫绉戞€ц唱(zh矛)
灏辨瘮杓冩暀鑲插鐨勫绉戠壒鎬т竴鐩存湁鍚勭ó涓嶅悓鐨勭湅娉�锛岀附楂斾締璎涘垎鐐哄叐澶ц榛�锛�
涓€绋榛炶獚鐐烘瘮杓冩暀鑲叉槸涓€闁€瀛哥锛屽彟涓€绋榛炶獚鐐烘瘮杓冩暀鑲插彧鏄竴鍊嬬爺绌堕牁鍩�
鎴栦竴绋暀鑲茬爺绌舵柟娉曘€�
浜�銆佹瘮杓冩暀鑲茬殑閲嶈鎬濇兂
锛堜竴锛夋湵鍒╁畨鐨勬瘮杓冩暀鑲叉€濇兂
鏈卞埄瀹夋槸姣旇純鏁欒偛瀛哥殑鍓�(chu脿ng)濮嬩汉锛岀涓€娆℃彁鍑衡€滄瘮杓冩暀鑲测€濋€欏€嬫蹇�锛屼粬鍦�
1817 骞寸櫦(f膩)琛ㄧ殑銆婃瘮杓冩暀鑲茬殑鐮旂┒瑷堝妰鍜屽垵姝ユ剰瑕嬨€嬫槸姣旇純鏁欒偛瀛哥殑闁嬪北涔嬩綔銆�
锛堜簩锛夎柀寰峰嫆鐨勬瘮杓冩暀鑲叉€濇兂
钖╁痉鍕掓槸姣旇純鏁欒偛鐧�(f膩)灞曚腑鎵夸笂鍟熶笅鐨勪汉鐗�锛屾槸姣旇純鏁欒偛鐧�(f膩)灞曚腑鈥滃洜绱犲垎鏋愭檪
浠ｂ€濈殑鍏堥﹨(q奴)銆�
锛堜笁锛夊悍寰风埦鐨勬瘮杓冩暀鑲叉€濇兂
鍏� 1933 骞村嚭鐗堢殑銆婃瘮杓冩暀鑲层€嬫槸绗竴閮ㄨ純鐐哄畬鏁�銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)闂￠噵姣旇純鏁欒偛鐞嗚珫
鍜屾柟娉曠殑钁椾綔銆�
锛堝洓锛夋饥鏂殑姣旇純鏁欒偛鎬濇兂
绗簩閮ㄥ垎 鍦嬪垾鏁欒偛
涓€銆佹棩鏈暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夋棩鏈暀鑲茬殑鍌崇当(t菕ng)鑸囪畩闈�
浜屾埌(zh脿n)鍓嶆棩鏈暀鑲茬殑婕旈€茶垏浜屾埌(zh脿n)鍚庢棩鏈暀鑲茬殑璁婇潻
锛堜簩锛夋棩鏈暀鑲茬殑鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€鑸囩壒榛�
涓ぎ鑸囧湴鏂瑰悎浣滅殑鏁欒偛琛屾斂绠＄悊鍒跺害銆佲€滃叚涓変笁鈥濆鍒�銆�
鏉辫タ鏂规暀鑲茬殑铻嶅悎浠ュ強绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬硶寰嬩繚闅滃拰鏀跨瓥鎸囧皫銆�
锛堜笁锛夋棩鏈暀鑲茬殑鍟忛鑸囧皪绛�
鍋忛噸瀛告銆佸鏍℃暀鑲查亷浜庢暣榻婂妰涓€銆傛敼闈╃殑瓒ㄥ嫝鏄琛屸€滃鏉炬暀鑲测€濓紝铏曠悊
濂芥暀鑲茬殑绲�(t菕ng)涓€瑕佹眰鑸囧€嬫€у寲涔嬮枔鐨勯棞绯�銆�
浜�銆佹硶鍦嬫暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夋硶鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鍌崇当(t菕ng)鑸囪畩闈�
閲嶉粸鎺屾彙浜屾埌(zh脿n)鍚庣殑鈥滈儙涔嬭惉鈥旂摝闅嗚▓鍔冣€�銆�1968 骞寸殑銆婇珮绛夋暀鑲叉硶銆�銆�
锛堜簩锛夋硶鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€鑸囩壒榛�
涓ぎ闆嗘瑠鐨勬暀鑲茶鏀跨鐞嗗埗搴�銆佲€滀簲涓夊洓鈥濆鍒躲€�
鍑鸿壊鐨勫鍓嶆暀鑲诧紝閲嶈灏嶄腑灏忓鐢熺殑鍗囧灏辨キ(y猫)鎸囧皫銆�
浣滅偤绮捐嫳鍨嬮珮绛夋暀鑲叉妲嬬殑鈥滃ぇ瀛�?锛侀挕濂跺帲?锛屼互鍙婅垏浣滅偤澶х溇鍨嬮珮绛夋暀鑲�
姗熸鈥斺€旂稖鍚堝ぇ瀛镐箣闁撶浉浜掕搏閫�锛屽緸鑰岀偤澶у鐢熸彁渚涘€嬫€у寲銆佸厖婊垮綀鎬ф椿鍔涚殑澶�
妯ｅ寲鐨勫缈掓鏈�銆�
锛堜笁锛夋硶鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鍟忛鑸囧皪绛�
涓夈€佸痉鍦嬫暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夊痉鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鍌崇当(t菕ng)鑸囪畩闈�
锛堜簩锛夊痉鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€鑸囩壒榛�
鏁欒偛琛屾斂绠＄悊鍒跺害涓�锛屽湪寰炶伅(li谩n)閭﹁搴﹁瑳灞簬鍒嗘瑠楂斿埗锛屽洜鐐烘暀鑲茬殑绔嬫硶娆婂湪
鍚勫€嬪窞锛涗絾寰炲窞涓€绱氱殑瑙掑害涓�锛屽張灞簬闆嗘瑠鍒�锛屽洜鐐哄湴鏂瑰鍗€(q奴)鐨勬瑠鍔涙湁闄�銆�
瀛哥敓鍒嗘祦鏃�锛屽皬瀛稿洓骞寸暍妤�(y猫)鍚庡氨鏍规摎(j霉)瀛哥敓鐨勮硣璩�(zh矛)鍒嗘祦鍒颁笉鍚岄鍨嬬殑涓锛屼富
瑕佸寘鎷富楂斾腑瀛�銆佸绉戜腑瀛稿拰瀹屽叏涓銆備笉鍚岄鍨嬩腑瀛稿缈掑勾闄愪笉涓€妯�锛屽缈掔殑
鍏�(n猫i)瀹逛篃鍚勬湁鍋�(c猫)閲�锛屽鐢熷幓鍚戜篃涓嶄竴妯�銆�
鍑鸿壊鐨勮伔妤�(y猫)鏁欒偛鍜屽毚鏍肩殑甯寖鏁欒偛銆�
锛堜笁锛夊痉鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鍟忛鑸囧皪绛�
鍥�銆佽嫳鍦嬫暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夎嫳鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鍌崇当(t菕ng)鑸囪畩闈�
浜屾埌(zh脿n)鍓嶈嫳鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑婕旇畩锛�1833 骞村湅瀹跺皪瀹楁暀鍦橀珨鑸囨厛鍠勬妲嬮枊杈︾殑瀛告牎閫�
琛岃鍔�锛�1870 骞淬€婂垵绛夋暀鑲叉硶銆嬶紱1902 骞淬€婂反鐖剧娉曘€�銆�
浜屾埌(zh脿n)鍚庢暀鑲茬殑鐧�(f膩)灞曪細銆�1944 骞存暀鑲叉硶銆�锛屼腑绛夋暀鑲蹭笁杌屽埗鐨勭⒑绔嬭垏涓瓑鏁�
鑲茬稖鍚堝寲鏀归潻锛屻€婄緟璩撴柉鍫卞憡銆嬭垏楂樼瓑鏁欒偛澶х櫦(f膩)灞曪紝楂樼瓑鏁欒偛闆欒粚鍒剁殑纰虹珛鑸囩祩
绲�(ji茅)锛屻€�1988 骞存暀鑲叉敼闈╂硶銆�銆�
锛堜簩锛夎嫳鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€鑸囩壒榛�
鏁欒偛琛屾斂鍒跺害鐨勭壒榛�銆�
瀛告牎鏁欒偛鍒跺害鐨勭壒鑹层€�
锛堜笁锛夎嫳鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鍟忛鑸囧皪绛�
鏀垮簻鍔犲挤灏嶆暀鑲蹭簨妤�(y猫)鐨勫共闋愯垏鎺у埗锛屽瀵︽柦銆婂湅瀹剁当(t菕ng)涓€瑾茬▼銆�锛涘€″皫鍦ㄦ暀鑲�
闋樺煙寮曞叆甯傚牬姗熷埗锛岄€氶亷绔剁埈鎻愰珮杈﹀璩�(zh矛)閲忚垏鏁堢泭銆�
浜斻€佺編鍦嬫暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夌編鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鍌崇当(t菕ng)鑸囪畩闈�
浜屾埌(zh脿n)鍓嶇編鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑婕旈€诧細鏁欒偛鐨勭Щ妞嶆檪鏈�锛涙暀鑲茬殑鏀归€犳檪鏈�锛涙暀鑲茬殑鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂版檪
鏈�銆備簩鎴�(zh脿n)鍚庢暀鑲茬殑鐧�(f膩)灞曘€� 缇庡湅鏁欒偛鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑姝峰彶缍�(j墨ng)椹�銆�
锛堜簩锛夌編鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€鑸囩壒榛�
鍦版柟鍒嗘瑠鐨勬暀鑲茶鏀跨鐞嗗埗搴�锛涘鏍℃暀鑲插埗搴�锛涚編鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鐗归粸
锛堜笁锛夌編鍦嬫暀鑲茬殑鍟忛鑸囧皪绛�
绗笁閮ㄥ垎 灏堥鐮旂┒
涓€銆佸辜鍏掓暀鑲叉垨?q奴)W鍓嶆暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夊辜鍏掓暀鑲茬殑姝峰彶鐧�(f膩)灞�
鍒濆壍(chu脿ng)鏅傛湡锛涚⒑绔嬮殠娈�锛涢€蹭竴姝ョ櫦(f膩)灞曢殠娈�
锛堜簩锛夊辜鍏掓暀鑲茬殑鍩烘湰缍�(j墨ng)椹�
锛堜笁锛夊辜鍏掓暀鑲茬殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡定鍕�
浜�銆佺京鍕欐暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夌京鍕欐暀鑲茬殑姝峰彶鐧�(f膩)灞�
鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｇ京鍕欐暀鑲插埗搴︾殑纰虹珛锛�20 涓栫磤鍓嶅崐鏈熺殑缇╁嫏鏁欒偛锛涚浜屾涓栫晫澶ф埌(zh脿n)鍚�
鐨勭京鍕欐暀鑲�銆�
锛堜簩锛夌京鍕欐暀鑲茬殑鍩烘湰缍�(j墨ng)椹�
锛堜笁锛夌京鍕欐暀鑲茬殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡定鍕�
涓�銆佽伔妤�(y猫)鎶€琛撴暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夎伔妤�(y猫)鎶€琛撴暀鑲茬殑姝峰彶鐧�(f膩)灞�
锛堜簩锛夎伔妤�(y猫)鎶€琛撴暀鑲茬殑鍩烘湰缍�(j墨ng)椹�
锛堜笁锛夎伔妤�(y猫)鎶€琛撴暀鑲茬殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡定鍕�
鍥涖€侀珮绛夋暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夐珮绛夋暀鑲茬殑姝峰彶鐧�(f膩)灞�
锛堜簩锛夐珮绛夋暀鑲茬殑鍩烘湰缍�(j墨ng)椹�
锛堜笁锛夐珮绛夋暀鑲茬殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡定鍕�
浜�銆佸斧鑼冩暀鑲�
锛堜竴锛夊斧鑼冩暀鑲茬殑姝峰彶鐧�(f膩)灞�
锛堜簩锛夊斧鑼冩暀鑲茬殑鍩烘湰缍�(j墨ng)椹�
锛堜笁锛夊斧鑼冩暀鑲茬殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡定鍕�
鍏�銆佹暀鑲茬鐞嗛珨鍒�
锛堜竴锛夋暀鑲茶鏀块珨鍒�
鏁欒偛琛屾斂楂斿埗鐨勯鍨嬪強鍏朵唬琛ㄥ湅锛涙暀鑲茶鏀块珨鍒剁殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡定鍕�
锛堜簩锛夋暀鑲茶鏀跨殑鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
涓昏鎺屾彙鈥滄暀鑲茶病鏀库€濋儴鍒�
锛堜笁锛夊鏍＄鐞嗛珨鍒�
鏅€氫腑灏忓鐨勫鏍＄鐞嗛珨鍒讹紱楂樼瓑瀛告牎鐨勭鐞嗛珨鍒�锛涘鏍＄鐞嗛珨鍒剁殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡定
鍕�
涓冦€佷笘鐣屾暀鑲茬櫦(f膩)灞曡定鍕�
锛堜竴锛夋柊鎶€琛撻潻鍛藉皪鏁欒偛鐨勫奖闊�
锛堜簩锛変笘鐣屾暀鑲查潰鑷ㄧ殑鍟忛
锛堜笁锛夋湭渚嗘暀鑲插睍鏈�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰锛�
姝よ€冭│绉戠洰閲嶅湪鑰冨療瀛哥敓鐨勭稖鍚堝垎鏋愯兘鍔�锛屼互鍙婄祼(ji茅)鍚堟垜鍦嬫暀鑲叉敼闈╄垏鐧�(f膩)灞曞
韪愰€茶娣卞叆鎬濊€冭垏姣旇純鐨勮兘鍔�锛屾晠瑕佹眰鑰冪敓鍦ㄨ瓨瑷樸€侀牁鏈冪殑鍩虹涓婂皪鍚勯儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�
閫茶瀹忚鎶婃彙銆�
涓�銆佷富瑕佸弮鑰冩浉
鐜嬫壙绶�銆侀¨鏄庨仩涓荤法. 姣旇純鏁欒偛锛堢涓夌増锛�. 鍖椾含锛氫汉姘戞暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�1999 骞�
鍏嶈铂鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜嬭伅(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€嬩汉瑙€榛烇紝鑸囨湰缍�(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊锛屽皪鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅傛€ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜嬭嚜琛屾牳瀵︾浉闂滃収(n猫i)瀹广€�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
