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鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鑰冪爺澶х侗
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鏈€婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆�鑰冪爺澶х侗閬╃敤浜庢睙瑗跨鎶€甯寖澶у(xu茅)澶у(xu茅)鏈�
姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆侀珮鍒嗗瓙鍖栧(xu茅)鑸囩墿鐞�銆佺劇姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)绛夊皥妤�(y猫)鍙婁互鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚鐐�
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灏�(d菐o)闆绘潗鏂�銆佽静(n贸ng)钘ュ悎鎴�銆佺簿绱�(x矛)鍖栧伐绛夌爺绌舵柟鍚戞垨?q奴)顥滻(y猫)鐨勭ⅸ澹爺绌�
鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│銆傛湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鏄寲瀛�(xu茅)鐨勯噸瑕佸垎鏋�锛屾槸瑷卞瀛�(xu茅)绉戝皥妤�(y猫)鐨�
鍩虹(ch菙)鐞嗚珫瑾茬▼锛屽畠鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹硅睈瀵岋紝瑕佹眰鑰冪敓灏�(du矛)鍏跺熀鏈蹇垫湁杓冩繁
鍏ョ殑浜嗚В锛岃兘澶犵郴绲�(t菕ng)鍦版帉鎻″悇椤炲寲鍚堢墿鐨勫懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婄珛
楂旂暟妲�(g貌u)銆佷富瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佷締婧愬拰鍚堟垚鍒跺倷鏂规硶绛夊収(n猫i)瀹�锛涜兘瀹�
鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)閼掑畾銆佸悎鎴愮瓑鍚勯鍟忛锛涚啛缈�(x铆)鍏稿瀷鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼鍙�
姒傚康;浜嗚В鍖栧(xu茅)閸电悊璜栨蹇�銆侀亷娓℃厠(t脿i)鐞嗚珫锛屽垵姝ユ帉鎻＄⒊姝ｉ洟瀛�銆�
纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佺⒊娓搁洟鍩虹瓑涓枔楂旂殑鐩稿皪(du矛)娲绘€у強鍏跺湪鏈夋(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)绋�
涓殑浣滅敤锛涜兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ浕瀛愭晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岀┖闁撴晥鎳�(y墨ng)渚嗚В閲嬩竴浜涙湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗�
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璩�(zh矛)璀滅瓑鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗強鍏跺湪娓�(c猫)瀹氭湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚叿鏈�
缍滃悎閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ墍瀛�(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鍒嗘瀽鍟忛鍙婅В姹哄晱椤岀殑鑳藉姏銆�
涓€銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅強鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
(1)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
(2)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忕殑鍚勭ó琛ㄧず鏂规硶
(3)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏅€氬懡鍚嶅強鍦嬮殯 IUPAC 鍛藉悕鍘熷墖鍜屼腑鍦�
鍖栧(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)鍛藉悕鍘熷墖鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
(4)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闂�(gu膩n)绯�
2銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
(1)閲嶈瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍏稿瀷鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婄浉浜掕綁(zhu菐n)鎻涚殑甯哥敤鏂规硶
閲嶈瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鐑风兇銆佺儻鐑淬€佺倲鐑�銆侀沟浠ｇ兇銆佽姵鐑淬€�
閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔銆侀啗銆侀叜銆侀唽銆佺晶閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿銆佽兒鍙婂叾浠栧惈姘寲
鍚堢墿銆佺啊(ji菐n)鍠殑闆滅挵(hu谩n)楂旂郴
(2)涓昏鏈夋(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺府鍚�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀噸鎺掑弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸懆鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
3銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栧強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�
(1)瑾樺皫(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽秴鍏辫粵鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佺珛楂旀晥鎳�(y墨ng)
(2)纰虫闆㈠瓙銆佺⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佺⒊鑷敱鍩�銆佸崱璩撱€佽嫰鐐旂瓑娲绘€т腑
闁撻珨
(3)鏈夋(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑琛ㄩ仈(d谩)
4銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍚堟垚
(1)瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)灏�(d菐o)鍏�銆佽綁(zhu菐n)鎻�銆佷繚璀�(h霉)銆�
(2)纰崇⒊閸靛舰鎴愬強鏂疯鐨勫熀鏈柟娉�
5銆佹湁姗�(j墨)绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
(1)骞句綍鐣版(g貌u)銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆佹(g貌u)璞＄暟妲�(g貌u)绛夐潨鎱�(t脿i)绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈�
姒傚康
(2)澶栨秷鏃嬮珨鐨勬媶鍒嗘柟娉�銆佷笉灏�(du矛)绋卞悎鎴愮啊(ji菐n)浠�
(3)鍙栦唬銆佸姞鎴愩€佹秷闄�銆侀噸鎺�銆佸懆鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)
6銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑甯哥敤鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佺墿鐞嗛憭瀹氭柟娉�
(1)甯歌瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸寲瀛�(xu茅)閼掑垾鏂规硶
(2)甯歌鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏍哥鍏辨尟璀�(1HNMR銆�13CNMR)銆佺磪
澶栧厜璀�(IR)銆佺传澶栧厜璀�(UV)鍜岃唱(zh矛)璀�(MS)鐨勮瓬瀛�(xu茅)鐗瑰緛
(3)閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄥ寲瀛�(xu茅)鏂规硶鍙婂洓澶ф尝璀滃皪(du矛)绨�(ji菐n)鍠湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╅€�(j矛n)琛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
閼掑畾
7銆侀洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
鍚� N锛孲锛孫 绛夌殑浜�銆佸叚鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
浜�銆佽€冭│瑕佹眰(瑕佹眰鎺屾彙鍜屼簡瑙ｇ殑鍚勭珷鍏�(n猫i)瀹�)
绗竴绔� 绶掕珫
浜嗚В鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╁拰鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勬兜缇�銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勯噸瑕佹€�銆�
涓€鑸殑鐮旂┒鏂规硶鍙婂垎椤�锛屾帉鎻′簡瑙ｆ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃壒鎬�銆�
1.1 浜嗚В鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑娑电京銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙婂叾鐧�(f膩)灞曠啊(ji菐n)鍙�銆佹湁
姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勯噸瑕佹€�
1.2 鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩壒鎬�
1.2.1 鍏卞児(ji脿)閸电殑鏈唱(zh矛)(鍍�(ji脿)閸垫硶銆佸垎瀛愯粚閬撴硶銆侀畱鏋楀叡鎸珫绨�(ji菐n)
浠�)
1.2.2 鍏卞児(ji脿)閸电殑鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛氶嵉闀�銆侀嵉瑙�銆侀嵉鑳�銆佸厓绱犵殑闆昏矤(f霉)鎬�
鍜岄嵉鐨勬サ鎬�
1.2.3 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗规€э細鐗╃悊鐗规€�銆佺珛楂旂暟妲�(g貌u)锛屽畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)
鐣版(g貌u)锛屽悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�(楂�)锛�
1.2.4 鍏卞児(ji脿)閸垫柗瑁傛柟寮忓拰鏈夋(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)椤炲瀷
1.2.5 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閰稿牽姒傚康
1.3 浜嗚В鐮旂┒鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑涓€鑸柟娉�
1.4 浜嗚В鏈夊寲鍚堢墿鐨勫垎椤烇細鎸夌⒊鏋跺垎椤�锛屾寜瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍒嗛
绗簩绔� 鐑风兇鍜岃剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇
2.1 鎺屾彙鐑风兇鐨勫垎椤�銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸悓绯诲垪鍜屽悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)
璞″拰鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)璁婂寲瓒ㄥ嫝(sh矛);浜嗚В鐢茬兎鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氱⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫洓闈㈤珨姒�
蹇� SP3 闆滃寲銆佅� 閸�(妲�(g貌u)鍨嬫蹇�)锛�
2.2 浜嗚В鐑风兇鐨勯噸瑕佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛氱啍榛�(di菐n)銆佹哺榛�(di菐n)銆佸瘑搴�銆佹憾瑙�
搴�銆佹姌鍏夌巼銆�
2.3 鐞嗚В鐑风兇鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐢茬兎鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼銆佹父闆㈠熀銆佹父闆�
鍩虹殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫彇鍚戯細鑷敱鍩哄彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺⒊鑷敱鍩哄舰
鎴愬強鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆侀張鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫紩鐧�(f膩)鑸囩祩姝�
2.4 浜嗚В鐠�(hu谩n)鐑风兇鍛藉悕鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婄挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎宸ユキ(y猫)渚嗘簮;鎺屾彙灏忕挵(hu谩n)鐨�
寮靛姏鍙婄┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�銆佹寮�/鑸瑰紡妲�(g貌u)鍨�銆乤 閸�銆乪 閸点€�
绗笁绔� 鐑兇
鎺屾彙鍠儻鐑寸殑閲嶈鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰�
鎺屾彙鍠儻鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
3.1 鐔熸倝鐑殑鍛藉悕銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺暟妲�(g貌u)楂�銆佺墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
3.1.1 鐞嗚В鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) SP2 闆滃寲銆佅€ 閸�
3.1.2 鎺屾彙鐑兇鐨勫悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)楂斿拰鍛藉悕锛氱⒊鏋剁暟妲�(g貌u)銆佷綅缃暟妲�(g貌u)銆�
闋嗗弽鐣版(g貌u)銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉�(鐑熀鐨勫懡鍚�)銆侀爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鍛藉悕銆侀爢
/鍙�銆乑/E
3.2 鐑兇鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)
鎺屾彙瑕浕鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆佹捍閹撻洟瀛�銆佽Κ闆昏│鍔�銆佺⒊姝ｉ洟瀛�
鍙婂叾绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€с€侀Μ姘忚(gu墨)鍓�銆佽獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屾父姝峰熀鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼銆侀亷
姘у寲鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮В閲嬮Μ鐖惧彲灏煎彲澶(gu墨)鍓囥€佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)涓殑纰虫闆�
瀛�銆佺⒊姝ｉ洟瀛愮殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婃€ц唱(zh矛)銆佷簩鐑殑 1锛�4 鍔犳垚鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng);
3.2.1 鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬偓鍖栧姞姘€佽垏涔欑〖鐑风殑鍔犳垚銆佸姞 X2銆佸姞
HX (棣皬(Markovnikow)瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆侀亷姘у寲鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng))銆佸姞 H2SO4銆侀吀
鍌寲鍔� H2O銆佽垏鏈夋(j墨)閰搁唶閰氬姞鎴�銆佸姞 HOCl銆佽嚜鐢卞熀鍔犳垚銆�
3.2.2 姘у寲锛氱挵(hu谩n)姘у寲銆侀珮閷抽吀閴€姘у寲鍜岃嚟姘у寲
3.2.4 伪鈥�?d煤)婀擃厫鎷ユ煚u浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)
3.2.5 浜嗚В鑱氬悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
3.3 鐑殑渚嗘簮鍜屽埗鍌�
3.3.1 鎺屾彙閱囩殑鑴按銆侀沟浠ｇ兇鑴沟鍖栨矮銆侀劙浜岄沟浠ｇ兎鑴沟绱�
3.3.2 浜嗚В閲嶈鐨勭儻鐑达細涔欑儻銆佷笝鐑�
3.4 鎺屾彙鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸壒鍒ユ槸 1锛�3鈥斾竵浜岀儻鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗�
榛�(di菐n)鍙婄敤閫�
3.4.1 鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�銆佸叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勫垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氶洟鍩熼嵉銆侀洟鍩�
鑳�銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)
3.4.2 鍏辫粵浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鐗规€э細鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(1锛�2 鍜� 1锛�4鈥斿姞
鎴�)銆佺媱鑰虫柉鈥旈樋鐖惧痉(Diels-Alder)鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽仛鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)
3.4.3 閲嶈鐨勪簩鐑兇锛氫竵浜岀儻鍜岀暟鎴婁簩鐑締婧愯垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
绗洓绔� 鐐旂兇
4.1 鎺屾彙鐐旂兇鐨勫垎椤炪€佸懡鍚�锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(sp 闆滃寲绛�)鍙婂悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)
鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
4.2 鎺屾彙鐐旂兇閲嶈鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍒跺倷鏂规硶鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰�, 濡�
鐐旂殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬姞鎴�銆佹哀鍖栧強鏈 H 鐨勬椿鎬х瓑
4.2.1 鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬偓鍖栧姞姘�銆佷箼纭肩兎銆佸姞 X2銆佸姞 HX銆佸姞
H2O銆丠CN銆丠OCl; 鑸囧惈鈥滄椿鎬ф矮鈥濈殑鏈夋(j墨)鐗╃殑瑕牳鍔犳垚;鑸囧牽
閲戝爆(K,Na,Li)鍙婃恫姘ㄩ倓鍘熷姞鎴�;
4.2.2 鐐旈嵉纰充笂鐨勬矮鍘熷瓙鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岄憭瀹氾細寮遍吀鎬с€侀噾灞倲鍖�
鐗╁強鐑村寲(纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙)
4.2.5 鎺屾彙鐐旂兇鍜岀儻鐑寸殑鍒跺倷鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€х殑鍗€(q奴)鍒ヨ垏鍏卞悓榛�(di菐n)
4.3 浜嗚В鐐旂殑鍒跺倷锛岀壒鍒ユ槸涔欑倲鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸埗鍌欐柟娉曞強鐢ㄩ€�
绗簲绔� 鑻強鑺抽鐑�
鎺屾彙鑺抽鐑撮鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍛藉悕鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(sp2 闆滃寲)鐗瑰垾鏄嫰鐨�
鐗规€�(鑺抽鎬�)鍙婄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛
鎺屾彙鑺崇兇椤炲寲鍚堢墿鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)锛氳嫰鍙婂悓鍒嗙墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽彇浠�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰�銆佸彇浠ｆ晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮В閲嬶紝骞惰兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ湪鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚涓�銆�
浜嗚В鑻�銆佺敳鑻�銆佽悩鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婇噸瑕佺敤閫�;
5.1 鑺抽鐑�
5.1.1 鐔熸倝鑻殑鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛氬嚤搴嫆(Kekule)寮忋€佸垎瀛愯粚閬撴硶銆�
鍏辨尟璜栫啊(ji菐n)浠�锛岃姵棣欐€цВ閲�
5.1.2 浜嗚В鍠挵(hu谩n)鑺抽鐑寸殑鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞″拰鍛藉悕
5.1.3 鎺屾彙鑻強鍏跺悓绯荤墿鐨勭墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
5.1.3.1 鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶沟浠�銆佺鍖栥€佺：鍖�銆佸倕鈥斿厠(Fridel-Crafts)
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng);鑻挵(hu谩n)瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼(蟽鈥旂怠(lu貌)鍚堢墿);鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨�
瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰�(鐞嗚珫瑙ｉ噵鍜屽悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�)瓒呭叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
5.1.3.2 楣电礌(Cl)鐢插熀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng),
5.1.3.3 姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氳嫰鐠�(hu谩n)鍋�(c猫)閺堟哀鍖�
5.1.3.4 閲嶈鐨勫柈鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇锛氳嫰銆佺敳鑻€佷簩鐢茶嫰銆佽嫰涔欑儻
5.2 澶氱挵(hu谩n)鍙婄鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇
5.2.1 浜嗚В涓夎嫰鐢插熀鍖栧悎鐗╁強鍏堕洟瀛愬拰鑷敱鍩虹殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�
5.2.2 鎺屾彙钀橈細 绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹哀鍖�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
5.2.3 浜嗚В钂藉拰鑿诧細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)(9銆�10 浣嶇殑娲绘綉鎬�)
5.4 鎺屾彙鑺抽鎬э細浼戝厠鑰�(Huckel)瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�
绗叚绔� 楣靛寲鐑�
浜嗚В楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
鎺屾彙楣典唬鐑寸殑鍛藉悕鍙婇噸瑕佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鎺屾彙骞剧ó閲嶈鐨勯沟浠ｇ兇鍒跺倷鏂规硶,浜嗚В鍏舵€ц唱(zh矛)銆佸強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
6.1 楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍙婂懡鍚嶃€佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)
6.2 楣典唬鐑寸殑鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
6.2.1 鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)楣典唬鐑寸殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬彇浠ｃ€佹秷闄�銆侀倓鍘�
6.2.1.1 鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭按瑙�銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙�銆佽垏纭濋吀閵€鍙婃鞍鍖栭垑
鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)
6.2.1.2 娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭湱渚濆垏澶�(Saytzeff)瑕�(gu墨)鍓�
6.2.1.3 鑸囬噾灞弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氭牸姘�(Grignard)瑭﹀姂銆佹湁姗�(j墨)閶拌│鍔�
6.2.2 鎺屾彙椋藉拰纰冲師瀛愪笂鐨勮Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)
6.2.2.1 鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯洟瀛愭(j墨)鐞� SN1銆丼N2; 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞�
E1銆丒2
6.2.2.2 瑕牳鍙栦唬鐨勭珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)
6.2.2.3 鐑村熀绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆侀洟鍘诲熀鍦�(tu谩n)灏�(du矛)瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熷害鐨勫奖闊�
6.2.2.4 绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)娲绘€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�(鑴傝偑鐑磋垏鑺抽鐑村皪(du矛)姣�,浼徊
鍙斿皪(du矛)姣�)
6.3 鎺屾彙涓€鑸沟浠ｇ兇鐨勫埗娉曪細鐢辩兇鍒跺倷銆佺敱閱囧埗鍌�銆侀沟浠�
鐑寸殑浜掓彌
绗竷绔� 閱�銆侀厷鍜岄啔
鐔熸倝閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勫垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕鍜岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)(瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐣版(g貌u))
鍜屽厜璀滅壒鎬�
鎺屾彙閱�銆侀厷銆侀啔鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶細姘嵉鈥旈唶鑸囬啔灏�(du矛)
姣旈唶鑸囩殑閰氱殑閰告€у皪(du矛)姣�锛岄唶鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀啔鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺浠垮弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄唶
鐨勯憭鍒ワ細Lucas 瑭﹀姂鍜岄壔閰愮～閰告按娉�
浜嗚В閱囥€侀厷銆侀啔涓噸瑕佺殑鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸悎鎴愭柟娉曞強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
7.1 閱�
7.1.1 閱囩殑鐗╃悊鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鐔熸倝鎺屾彙鍏跺寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳垏娲绘綉閲戝爆鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃垏楣靛寲纾�(鎴栦簽纭�
閰版隘)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃垏鐒℃(j墨)閰�(姘沟閰�銆佺～閰�銆佺閰�)锛岄叞姘拰閰搁厫绛夌殑
鎴愰叝鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾哀鍖栧拰鑴矮鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀浉閯颁簩閱囩壒鏈夌殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
Cu(OH)2銆丠IO4銆佺墖鍚堕唶(pinacol)閲嶆帓銆佺茎鍩鸿缃彌鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(閯�
鍩哄弮鑸囨晥鎳�(y墨ng))
7.1.2 鎺屾彙娑堝幓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼ 尾鈥旀秷鍘诲弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼ E1銆丒2锛�
娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫彇鍚戯細鏈緷鍒囧か瑕�(gu墨)鍓囩殑瑙ｉ噵锛岃垏瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭(j矛ng)
鐖�(zh膿ng)
7.1.3 鎺屾彙閱囩殑鍒舵硶锛氶沟浠ｇ兇姘磋В锛岄啗銆侀叜鐨勯倓鍘�锛岀敱鏍兼皬
瑭﹀姂鍚堟垚锛岀儻鐑寸殑缇ユ睘鍖栥€�
7.2 閰�
7.2.1 鎺屾彙閰氱殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)
(1) 閰氱茎鍩虹殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬急閰告€с€侀厷閱氱殑鐢熸垚銆侀’鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)(FeCl3)
(2) 鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
7.3 閱�
7.3.1 鎺屾彙閱氱殑鍒舵硶锛� 閱囩殑鑴按锛屽▉寤夊閬�(Williamson)
7.3.2 鎺屾彙閱氱殑鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶菇鐨勭敓鎴愩€侀啔閸电殑鏂�
瑁�銆侀亷姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚
绗叓绔� 閱涖€侀叜椤炵景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿
鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婄暟妲�(g貌u)銆佺墿鎬у強鍏�
璀滅壒鎬�
鎺屾彙閱�銆侀叜椤炵景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勯噸瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰�
鐔熸倝閲嶈閱涖€侀叜鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸悎鎴愭柟娉曞拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
8.1 閱涖€侀叜椤炵景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
8.1.1 鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻¤垏鍚哀銆佸惈纭€佸惈纰�銆佸惈姘Κ鏍歌│鍔戠殑鍔�
鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽姞鎴愨€旀秷鍘诲弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽奖闊跨景鍩烘椿鎬х殑鍥�
绱狅細鍔� HCN銆丯aHSO3銆丷MgX銆丷OH銆丠2O锛岃垏鏈夋(j墨)鑳哄強
鍏惰鐢熺墿鐨勫姞鎴愮府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃垏姘ㄧ殑琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
8.1.2 伪鈥�?d煤)婀擃厫鎷ュ纾�?y墨ng)锛氶沟浠�(楣典豢鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))銆佺茎閱涚府鍚�
8.1.3 鎺屾彙鍏舵哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)
a)姘у寲;鎵樺€�(Tollens)瑭﹀姂銆佽不(f猫i)鏋�(Fehling)瑭﹀姂銆佸挤(qi谩ng)姘у寲鍔�
b)閭勫師锛欻2, LiAlH4, NaBH4, B2H6,
Zn/Hg/H+,NH2NH2/KOH 绛夐倓鍘熸垚閱�(闆欏垎瀛愰倓鍘�)銆侀倓鍘熸垚鐑�銆�
鍏嬮噷闁€閬�(Clemmensen)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹鐖惧か鈥旈枊姝囩磵
(Wollf-Kishner)鈥旈粌槌撮緧鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
c)姝у寲锛氬悍灏兼煡缇�(Cannizzaro)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
8.1.4 浜嗚В閱涚殑鑷韩鍔犳垚鑱氬拰
8.1.5 浜嗚В閱涚殑椤壊鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬笇澶�(Schiff)瑭﹂(y脿n)
8.2 鎺屾彙閱涖€侀叜鐨勫埗娉曪細閱囩殑姘у寲銆佺兇鐨勬哀鍖�锛屽仌浜岄沟浠�
鐗╃殑姘磋В锛屽倕鈥斿厠?锛涱姮顕；?y墨ng)锛� 鐐旂兇鐨勭景鍩哄寲锛岀晶閰稿強鍏惰
鐢熺墿鐨勯倓鍘�銆�
8.3 鐔熸倝 伪锛屛测€斾笉椋藉拰閱涢叜鐨勭壒鎬э細1锛�4鈥斿姞鎴�;
绗節绔� 缇ч吀鍙婄晶閰歌鐢熺墿
浜嗚В缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�
鎺屾彙缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑閲嶈鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鐔熸倝鎺屾彙涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝鍜屼笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰湪鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎳�(y墨ng)
鐢�
9.1 缇ч吀鐨勫懡鍚�銆佺墿鎬у強鍏夎瓬鐗规€�
9.2 鐔熸倝缇ч吀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囬吀鎬�(瑾樺皫(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛屽叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂牬(ch菐ng)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)
鐨勫奖闊�)
9.3 鐔熸倝缇ч吀鐨勫埗鍌欙細鐢辩兇銆佷集閱囨垨閱涚殑姘у寲銆佺敱閰埗鍌�銆�
鐢辫厛姘磋В鍙婇噾灞湁姗�(j墨)瑭﹀姂鍚�
鎴愬鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂鍒跺倷
9.4 鎺屾彙缇ч吀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)
閰告€х晶鍩轰腑姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鍙栦唬鍩哄皪(du矛)閰告€х殑褰遍熆銆佽獦灏�(d菐o)鏁�
鎳�(y墨ng))銆佸舰鎴愰吀楣点€侀叝銆侀叞鑳�銆佽劔缇с€佄扁€擧 鐨勯沟浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀倓鍘�(琚�
姘寲閶侀嫲閭勫師)銆侀叝鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞嗙晶鍩轰腑鐨勭晶鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(閰寲鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬绋嬶細闂℃槑姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑鍚屼綅绱犳硶)
9.5 浜嗚В閲嶈鐨勭晶閰革細鐢查吀銆佷箼閰搞€佷笝鐑吀銆佽嫰鐢查吀銆佽悩
涔欓吀銆�
9.6 鐔熸倝缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╅叞楣�銆侀叝銆侀叞鑳恒€佽厛鐨勫垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶃€�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)姣旇純銆佺墿鐞嗗拰鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽埗鍌�;鎺屾彙缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑
鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栵細瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鍔犳垚鈥旀秷鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝�
绋�)銆佹按瑙ｃ€侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙ｉ叝鐨勬按瑙ｅ強姝风▼;鑸囬噾灞│鍔戠殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng);
缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑閭勫師;閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng);閰版皑鐨勮劔姘村拰闇嶅か鏇�
(Hofffmann)闄嶈В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
9.7 鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻′箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰拰涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鐨勫埗鍌欒垏鎳�(y墨ng)
鐢�
a)涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝锛氬埗鍌欍€佷簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
b)涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
9.8 鐔熸倝鍙栦唬缇ч吀(濡傞沟浠ｉ吀銆佺茎閰�銆侀叜閰�)鐨勫悎鎴愯垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
浜嗚В澶氬厓缇ч吀鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)
绗崄绔� 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
10.1 浜嗚В灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)( enantiomers )鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆佺墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勬棆鍏夋€ц垏
鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙細
10.2 鐔熸倝鍚湁鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)
a)鍚湁涓€鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犻珨銆佸娑�
鏃嬮珨銆佽不(f猫i)姝囩埦(Fischer)鎶曞奖寮�
b)灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑妲�(g貌u)鍨嬶細鐩稿皪(du矛)妲�(g貌u)鍨嬪拰绲曞皪(du矛)妲�(g貌u)鍨�銆佹帉鎻℃(g貌u)鍨嬬殑
R/S 娉�(娆″簭瑕�(gu墨)鍓�)銆�
c)鍚叐鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑灏�(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)锛氶潪灏�(du矛)鏄犻珨銆佸収(n猫i)娑�
鏃嬮珨
10.3 鎺屾彙鐑兇鍖栧悎鐗╃殑骞句綍鐣版(g貌u)楂旓細闋嗗弽鐣版(g貌u)鍙婃€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
10.4 鎺屾彙绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鍦ㄧ爺绌跺弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢細鐑兇鐨勫姞婧�
绗崄涓€绔� 绱呭锛屾牳纾佸叡鎸瓬鍦栧垎鏋�
鐔熸倝绱呭鍏夎瓬銆佹牳纾佸叡鎸瓬鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗強鍦ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)
妲�(g貌u)娓�(c猫)瀹氫腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
閬�(d谩)鍒拌兘澶犲埄鐢ㄥ悇绋瓬鍦栫殑缍滃悎淇℃伅骞剁祼(ji茅)鍚堢啊(ji菐n)鍠寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍘�
鍒ゆ柗杓冪偤寰�(f霉)闆滅殑鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
11.1 绱呭鍏夎瓬
11.1.1 鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛氬垎瀛愭尟鍕�(d貌ng)椤炲瀷銆佺磪澶栧厜璀滃湒鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉�
11.1.2 鐔熸倝閲嶈瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸惛鏀跺嘲锛屽奖闊跨磪澶栧惛鏀朵俊铏�(h脿o)
浣嶇Щ鐨勫洜绱�
11.1.3 鎺屾彙閲嶈瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勭磪澶栧厜璀滅壒寰佸強鍏稿瀷绨�(ji菐n)鍠湁姗�(j墨)鍖�
鍚堢墿鐨勭磪澶栧厜璀滃湒鐨勮В閲�
11.2 鏍哥鍏辨尟璀�
11.2.1 浜嗚В鏍哥鍏辨尟鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�,绛夊児(ji脿)璩�(zh矛)瀛愯垏闈炵瓑鍍�(ji脿)璩�(zh矛)瀛�,
鍋跺悎甯告暩(sh霉)
11.2.2 鎺屾彙绨�(ji菐n)鍠吀鍨嬪寲鍚堢墿鐨勬牳纾佸叡鎸瓬鍓栨瀽锛氬睆钄芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)
鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ锛屽嘲闈㈢⿳鐨勫挤(qi谩ng)搴﹁垏璩�(zh矛)瀛愭暩(sh霉)锛岃嚜鏃嬪伓鍚堣垏鑷棆瑁傚垎
绗崄浜岀珷 鑳哄強鍏朵粬鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�
鎺屾彙鑳洪鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶅拰鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆佸弽
鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪拰閲嶈鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
鎺屾彙纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶅拰閲嶈鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
12.1 鑳虹殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗╂€у拰鍏夎瓬鐗瑰緛
12.2 鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻¤兒鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鐗╃悊鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
12. 2. 1 鑳虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽牽鎬�(绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佹墜鎬�銆佸牽鎬у強褰遍熆鍫�
鎬уぇ灏忕殑鍥犵礌)
12. 2. 2 鎴愰菇銆佸洓绱�(j铆)閵ㄩ菇鐨勫舰鎴愩€佺壒榛�(di菐n)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�(寰瑰簳鐢插熀鍖�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸洓绱�(j铆)閵ㄥ牽鐨勫舰鎴�锛岀浉杞�(zhu菐n)绉诲偓鍖栧姂)銆丠ofmann 娑堥櫎(瑕�(gu墨)寰嬨€�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�)
12.2.3 ?锛涱姮顕橀槀闃�锛涱嚃鈪わ經u銆侀吀閰愩€佽嫰纾洪叞姘�(鑸堟柉鍫�
Hinsberg 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))
12.2.4 鑳虹殑姘у寲鍜� Cope 娑堥櫎(闋嗗瀷娑堥櫎)
12.2.5 鑳鸿垏浜炵閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(閲嶆爱鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng))
12.2.6 鑳虹殑鐗规畩鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭槗姘у寲銆佽嫰鐠�(hu谩n)涓婃槗鍙栦唬; Mannich
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
12.3 鐔熸倝鎺屾彙鑳虹殑鍒跺倷锛氭皑鎴栬兒鐨勭兇鍩哄寲銆佽姵楣电殑姘ㄨВ(鑻�
鐐�); 钃嬪竷鐟炵埦(Gabriei)鍚堟垚娉�锛岀敤閱囧埗鍌�锛屽惈姘寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘�:
纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閭勫師, 鑵�銆侀叞鑳�銆佽偀鐨勯倓鍘�; 寰炵晶閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿
鍒跺倷( 闇嶅か鏇奸噸鎺�)
12.4 鎺屾彙閲嶆爱鍜屽伓姘寲鍚堢墿锛氶噸姘敳鐑峰強鍗¤硴銆佹爱鐑�銆佺枈
姘寲鐗╃殑鍒跺倷銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)
12.5.1 閲嶆爱楣界殑鍒舵硶
12.5.2 閲嶆爱楣界殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬幓姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)(琚€擧銆丱H銆佲€擷銆佲€擟N
鍙栦唬)銆佺暀姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鍋跺悎鍜岄倓鍘�)
12.6 纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗�
12.6.1 浜嗚В鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�
12.6.2 鎺屾彙鍏舵€ц唱(zh矛)锛氱鍩哄皪(du矛) 伪鈥�?d煤)婀擃厫鎷ユ尃缁�?浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u))
閭勫師銆佺鍩哄皪(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｅ熀鐨勫奖闊�
12.6.3 鐔熸倝閲嶈鐨勭鍩哄寲鍚堢墿锛氱鍩鸿嫰銆佽嫤鍛抽吀銆乀NT
12.8 鎺屾彙鍚爱鑺抽鍖栧悎鐗╃殑浠ヤ笅鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
12.8.1 鑺抽纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺墿鐞嗗強鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
12.8.2 鑺宠兒鐨勫埗鍌欏拰鑺宠兒鐨勭壒鎬�
12.8.3 鑻倲鐨勫埗鍌欏拰鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
12.8.4 鑺宠兒鐨勯噸姘菇鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
绗崄涓夌珷 鍚～銆佺７銆佺鍖栧悎鐗�
鐔熸倝鍚～鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屼簡瑙ｅ叾鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鐔熸倝鏈夋(j墨)纾峰寲鍚堢墿鐨勫垎椤�銆佸懡鍚嶄互鍙婃湁姗�(j墨)纾疯静(n贸ng)钘ョ殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
鎬ц兘鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢�
浜嗚В鍚鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
13.1 纭�銆佺７鍏冪礌鍘熷瓙鐨勯浕瀛愭(g貌u)鍨嬪拰鎴愰嵉鐗瑰緛
13.2 鐔熸倝鍚～鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)椤炲瀷鍜屽懡鍚嶅強鍚堟垚鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
纭唶鍜岀～閰�銆佺～閱氥€佷簽鐮滃拰鐮�銆佺：閰稿強鍏惰鐢熺墿(纾鸿兒钘ョ墿銆�
绯栫簿)
绗崄鍥涚珷 绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鐔熸倝鍜屾帉鎻″ぇ閮ㄥ垎鍏�(n猫i)瀹�)
14.1 閱�銆侀啗鍨嬬府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氭豢灏艰但鈥旇兒鐢插熀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀亥鍏嬬埦
鍔犳垚銆侀璩撻仠澧炵挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
14.2 閰殑閰板熀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鍏嬭悐妫府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹贩
鍚堥叝绺悎銆佸垎瀛愬収(n猫i)鐨勯叝
绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(鐙勫厠鏇肩府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng))銆佺敤閰版隘鎴栭吀閰愰€�(j矛n)琛�?锛涱姮?br/>14.3 閰殑鐑峰熀鍖栥€�?锛涱姮顕；?y墨ng)銆佺稉(j墨ng)鐑兒鐑峰熀鍖栨垨?锛涱姮?br/>14.4 尾-浜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭壒鎬у強鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢細尾-浜岀晶鍩�
鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗规€� 銆佷笝浜岄吀閰悎鎴愭硶銆佷箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰悎鎴愭硶銆�1,3-
浜岀晶鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨� 纬-鐑峰熀鍖栧拰 纬-?锛涱姮?銆侀叝绺悎鐨勯€嗗悜鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
14.5 榄忔倢閷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婇瓘鎮岄尗鈥旈湇绱嶇埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氫紛鍒╁痉鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
纾蜂紛鍒╁痉鐨勫埗鍌�銆侀瓘鎮岄尗鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀瓘鎮岄尗鈥旈湇绱嶇埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佺～浼婂埄
寰�
14.6 鑺抽啗鑸囬吀閰愯Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氳挷鐖鹃噾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸厠鑵︽枃鏍煎弽
鎳�(y墨ng)
14.7 閱涖€侀叜鑸� 伪-楣典唬缇ч吀閰殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶仈(d谩)鍙冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)
14.8 鑻敳閱涚殑姘伴洟瀛�(CN-)鍌寲涓嬶細瀹夋伅棣欑府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸畨
鎭閰搁噸鎺�
14.9 鍚堟垚鍓栨瀽锛氳ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓€鍊�(g猫)鍚堟垚鐨勪緥琛岀▼搴廩璀�(sh铆)鍒ュ畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)锛屽垏
鏂�(骞惧ぇ椤炴湁姗�(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽咕绋吀鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勫垏鏂�)锛屽師鏂欑殑閬告搰锛屽悎
鎴愭椹熺殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)锛岄伕鎿囨€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婁繚璀�(h霉)鍩虹殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛岀珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鎺у埗]
绗崄浜旂珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
浜嗚В甯歌闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚嶆柟娉�
鐔熸倝闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鑺抽鎬у拰鍚爱闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑閰稿牽鎬�
鎺屾彙鍛嬪杻銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍜瓑鐨勫悎鎴愬強鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
瑕�(gu墨)寰�)
浜嗚В鍚″暥銆佸柟鍟夌瓑鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)寰�
15.1 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�
15.2 鐔熸倝浜斿厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鍛嬪杻銆佸悺鍜�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佺碃閱涚殑绲�(ji茅)
妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)鍜屽埗鍌欏強绨�(ji菐n)鍠弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
绗崄鍏珷 鍛ㄧ挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
16.1 闆荤挵(hu谩n)鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
16.2 鐔熸倝骞舵帉鎻 2+2], [2+4] Diels-Alder 鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
16.3 鐔熸倝 蟽-閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(Claisen 鍏嬩締妫噸鎺掞紝Cope 閲嶆帓)
涓�銆侀鍨�
鍒ゆ柗灏�(du矛)閷�(cu貌)椤�銆侀伕鎿囬銆佸～绌洪銆佸畬鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸晱绛旈锛堢祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
閼掑畾鍙婃(j墨)鐞嗛绛夛級
鐒℃(j墨)鍙婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)鑰冪爺澶х侗
鑰冭│绉戠洰锛氱劇姗�(j墨)鍙婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅) 绉戠洰浠ｇ⒓锛�815
鏈€婄劇姗�(j墨)鍙婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�鑰冪爺澶х侗閬╃敤浜庢睙瑗跨鎶€甯寖澶у(xu茅)
鐒℃(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆侀珮鍒嗗瓙鍖栧(xu茅)鑸囩墿鐞�銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆佸埗钘ャ€佸垎鏋愮瓑灏堟キ(y猫)
鍙婁互閬庢浮閲戝爆閰嶅悎鐗╁姛鑳芥潗鏂欏埗鍌欒垏鎬ц兘锛涚劇姗�(j墨)绮剧窗(x矛)鍖栧(xu茅)鍝佸悎
鎴愯垏鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)锛涚墿鐞嗘湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)锛涘厜闆绘潗鏂欏寲瀛�(xu茅)绛夌爺绌�
鏂瑰悜鎴�?q奴)顥滻(y猫)鐨勭ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│銆�
鐒℃(j墨)鍙婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)鏄棥杩板寲瀛�(xu茅)鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)銆佸熀鏈師鐞嗙殑涓€闁€鍩�
绀�(ch菙)鎬у(xu茅)绉戙€傚畠鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹硅睈瀵�锛岃姹傝€冪敓灏�(du矛)鍏跺熀鏈蹇垫湁杓冩繁鍏ョ殑
浜嗚В锛岄噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙骞宠 鐨勫師鐞�銆佹憾娑蹭腑鐨勫悇绋寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ垎
鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屽缓绔嬫簴(zh菙n)纰虹殑鈥滈噺鈥濈殑姒傚康鍜屾帉鎻″悇绋寲瀛�(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽
鏂规硶锛涙帉鎻″寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼銆佺墿璩�(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎鏁ｉ珨绯荤瓑鏂归潰鐨勫熀鏈�
鐞嗚珫鍜屽熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)锛涙渻(hu矛)閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄥ熀鏈悊璜栧拰鍩烘湰鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)瑙ｉ噵鍖栧(xu茅)鐝�(xi脿n)璞★紝
鏈�(hu矛)閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄥ熀鏈垎鏋愭柟娉曞拰娓�(c猫)瑭︽墜娈甸€�(j矛n)琛屼竴鑸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽锛岃兘澶犻亱(y霉n)
鐢ㄦ墍瀛�(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)瑙ｆ焙鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鐢熸椿涓殑瀵�(sh铆)闅涘晱椤岋紝鑳藉皣鍖栧(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鑸囧皥妤�(y猫)
瀵�(sh铆)闅涚浉绲�(ji茅)鍚�銆�
涓€銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佹埃楂斿強鍖栧(xu茅)鐔卞寲瀛�(xu茅)鍒濇
(1) 姘ｉ珨锛氱悊鎯虫埃楂旂媭鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼锛岄亾鐖鹃爴鍒嗗瀹氬緥
(2) 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥锛氱挵(hu谩n)澧冭垏楂旂郴銆佺媭鎱�(t脿i)鑸囩媭鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)銆佸収(n猫i)
鑳姐€佸姛鍜岀啽
(3) 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔卞拰鑷敱鑳借畩鐨勫惈缇╁強鍏惰▓(j矛)绠�锛涜嚜鐧�(f膩)鎬у垽鎿�(j霉)锛涜搵
鏂畾寰�
2銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼
(1) 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉曪紱璩�(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾寰�锛涢樋绱凹鐑忔柉鍏�
寮�
(2) 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛夋韩鏂圭▼
鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
(3) 婧舵恫閰稿害瑷�(j矛)绠�锛涚珐娌栨憾娑�锛涘垎姝ユ矇娣€锛涢浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)锛涘父
鐢ㄦ淮瀹氭柟娉�
璩�(zh矛)瀛愬钩琛″紡锛涙憾娑茬殑 pH 鍊煎強鍏惰▓(j矛)绠�锛涚珐娌栦綔鐢ㄥ師
鐞嗭紱姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鏂圭▼寮忕殑閰嶅钩锛涘師闆绘睜锛岄浕妤甸浕
鍕�(sh矛)锛屾(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)锛屽師闆绘睜闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紝瑷�(j矛)绠楀師
闆绘睜闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)锛涘垽鏂峰弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏂瑰悜锛涜▓(j矛)绠楀钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)銆並sp
鍙婃憾娑� pH锛汦DTA 鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂湪婧舵恫涓殑瑙ｉ洟骞宠 锛�
閲戝爆鎸囩ず鍔戠殑璁婅壊鍘熺悊锛涘父鐢ㄩ噾灞寚绀哄姂锛�
(4) 婊村畾娉曪細婊村畾鏇茬窔鑸囨寚绀哄姂浠ュ強婊村畾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
3銆佸師瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽厓绱犲懆鏈熷緥
(1) 鍘熷瓙鏍稿闆诲瓙鐨勯亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)锛氱幓鐖剧殑鍘熷瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐞嗚珫鍜岄浕
瀛愮殑鐜荤矑浜岃薄鎬�
(2) 娉㈠嚱鏁�(sh霉)銆佹鐜囧瘑搴�銆侀浕瀛愪簯锛涘洓鍊�(g猫)閲忓瓙鏁�(sh霉)
(3) 鍘熷瓙鏍稿闆诲瓙鎺掑竷鑸囧厓绱犲懆鏈熷緥
4銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)閸佃垏鐗╄唱(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
(1) 闆㈠瓙閸�銆佸叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电悊璜�
(2) 闆滃寲杌岄亾鐞嗚珫瑕侀粸(di菐n)銆侀洔鍖栬粚閬撻鍨嬭垏鍒嗗瓙骞句綍妲�(g貌u)鍨�
(3) 浜嗚В鍒嗗瓙闁撳姏鍜屾矮閸�
5銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍒嗘瀽
(1) 瑾ゅ樊鐨勫垎椤�銆佷締婧愩€佹笡鍏嶆柟娉�锛屾簴(zh菙n)纰哄害銆佺簿瀵嗗害鐨勬
蹇靛強鍏惰〃绀烘柟娉�
(2) 鏈夋晥鏁�(sh霉)瀛楀湪鍒嗘瀽瀵�(sh铆)韪愪腑鐨勯亱(y霉n)鐢�
(3) 閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽锛涙淮瀹氬垎鏋�
(4) 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉曞強閰嶅埗銆佹(bi膩o)瀹氭柟娉�锛涙淮瀹氬垎鏋愯▓(j矛)
绠�
(5) 鍏夊害鍒嗘瀽娉�
鏈椾集姣旂埦瀹氬緥锛涘惛鍏夌郴鏁�(sh霉)锛涘柈涓€绲勫垎鐨勫垎鏋�锛涘绲勫垎
鍒嗘瀽銆�
6銆佸垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)涓父鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗛鏂规硶鍜岀敓鐗╄│妯ｇ殑鍓嶈檿鐞�
(1)鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)涓父鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗛洟鏂规硶
(2)鐢熺墿瑭︽ǎ鐨勫墠铏曠悊
浜�銆佽€冭│瑕佹眰(瑕佹眰鎺屾彙鍜屼簡瑙ｇ殑鍚勭珷鍏�(n猫i)瀹�)
绗竴绔� 姘ｉ珨鍜屾憾娑�
鎺屾彙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼寮忓強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
鎺屾彙閬撶埦闋撳垎澹撳畾寰�銆�
鎺屾彙绋€婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬у強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
鐔熸倝鑶犻珨鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у強鑱氭矇浣滅敤銆�
1.1 姘ｉ珨
鎺屾彙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鏂圭▼寮忓強閬撶埦闋撳垎澹撳畾寰�
1.2 婧舵恫
浜嗚В鍒嗘暎绯诲強绋€婧舵恫鐨勯€氭€�
1.3 鑶犻珨婧舵恫
浜嗚В婧惰啝鐨勫埗鍌�锛屾憾鑶犵殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岃啝鍦�(tu谩n)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岄浕鍕�(d貌ng)闆诲嫝(sh矛)锛�
婧惰啝鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€ц垏鑱氭矇
绗簩绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍒濇
2.1 浜嗚В鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鑳�銆佺創銆佺喌銆佽嚜鐢辫兘绛夌媭鎱�(t脿i)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�
2.2 鎺屾彙鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥锛岀浜屽畾寰嬬殑鍩虹(ch菙)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
2.3 鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔辨晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫悇绋▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉�
2.4 鎺屾彙閬庣▼鐨勨柍S銆佲柍G 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�
2.5 鎺屾彙鈻矴 鑸囨韩搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯诲紡锛屽強婧害灏�(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑷櫦(f膩)鎬х殑褰遍熆
绗笁绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠
浜嗚В缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鑸囨(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)浠ュ強妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鑸囨(bi膩o)
婧�(zh菙n)鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘璁婄殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
鎺屾彙涓嶅悓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)椤炲瀷鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛屽苟鑳藉緸瑭茶〃閬�(d谩)
寮忕悊瑙ｅ寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勭Щ鍕�(d貌ng)銆�
鎺屾彙鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛屽寘鎷亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ閲嶅钩琛¤(gu墨)鍓囬€�(j矛n)琛岃▓(j矛)
绠椼€�
鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 绉诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勫畾鎬у垽鏂蜂互鍙婄Щ鍕�(d貌ng)绋嬪害鐨勫畾閲忚▓(j矛)绠�銆�
3.1 姝ｇ⒑鐞嗚В骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇╁強琛ㄧず鏂规硶
3.2 鎺屾彙 Gibbs 鑷敱鑳借畩鑸囧钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽苟鑳界啛绶村湴
閫�(j矛n)琛屾湁闂�(gu膩n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�
3.3 鍒╃敤 Van鈥檛 Hoff 绛夋韩寮忓垽鏂蜂换鎰忕郸瀹氭浠朵笅鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鐨勬柟鍚�
3.4 閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄥ钩琛＄Щ鍕�(d貌ng)鍘熺悊瑾槑婧害銆佹績搴﹀鍔涘皪(du矛)鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 绉�
鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勫奖闊�
3.5 澶氶噸骞宠 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�
绗洓绔� 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼
浜嗚В鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勬蹇靛強鍏跺(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娓�(c猫)瀹氭柟娉�銆�
鎺屾彙璩�(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾寰嬪拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鏂圭▼寮忋€�
鎺屾彙闃跨疮灏肩儚鏂稉(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)寮�锛屽苟鑳界敤娲诲寲鍒嗗瓙銆佹椿鍖栬兘绛夋蹇�
瑙ｉ噵鍚勭ó澶栫晫鍥犵礌灏�(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�銆�
4.1 鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鍙婂叾琛ㄧず娉�
4.2 婵冨害灏�(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�
4.2.1 鍩哄厓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑸囬潪鍩哄厓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
4.2.2 璩�(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾寰�
4.2.3 闈炲熀鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼鏂圭▼寮忕殑纰哄畾
4.2.4 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�
4.3 婧害灏�(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�
4.4 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐞嗚珫绨�(ji菐n)浠�
4.4.1 纰版挒鐞嗚珫
4.4.2 閬庢浮鎱�(t脿i)鐞嗚珫
4.5 鍌寲鍔戝皪(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�
绗簲绔� 瑙ｉ洟骞宠
浜嗚В娲诲害銆侀洟瀛愬挤(qi谩ng)搴︾瓑姒傚康銆�
鐞嗚В绶╂矕浣滅敤鍘熺悊浠ュ強绶╂矕婧舵恫鐨勭祫鎴愬拰鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻＄珐娌�
婧舵恫 pH 鍊艰▓(j矛)绠�銆�
鐞嗚В闆ｆ憾闆昏В璩�(zh矛)娌夋穩婧惰В骞宠 鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屾渻(hu矛)閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ憾搴︾⿳瑕�(gu墨)鍓�
鍒ゆ柗娌夋穩婧惰В骞宠 鐨勭Щ鍕�(d貌ng)浠ュ強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
5.1 閰稿牽鐞嗚珫
5.1.1 閰稿牽璩�(zh矛)瀛愮悊璜�
5.1.2 閰稿牽闆诲瓙鐞嗚珫
5.2 寮遍吀銆佸急鍫跨殑瑙ｉ洟骞宠
5.2.1 涓€鍏冨急閰搞€佸急鍫跨殑瑙ｉ洟骞宠
5.2.2 澶氬厓寮遍吀銆佸急鍫跨殑瑙ｉ洟骞宠
5.2.3 鍏╂€х墿璩�(zh矛)鐨勮В闆㈠钩琛�
5.2.4 鍚岄洟瀛愭晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄菇鏁堟噳(y墨ng)
5.3 寮�(qi谩ng)闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫
5.3.1 闆㈠瓙姘涙蹇�
5.3.2 娲诲害鍜屾椿搴︾郴鏁�(sh霉)
5.4 绶╂矕婧舵恫
5.4.1 绶╂矕浣滅敤鍘熺悊鍜岃▓(j矛)绠楀叕寮�
5.4.2 绶╂矕瀹归噺鍜岀珐娌栬寖鍦�
5.5 娌夋穩婧惰В骞宠
5.5.1 婧跺害绌嶅拰婧跺害绌嶈(gu墨)鍓�
5.5.2 娌夋穩鐨勭敓鎴愬拰婧惰В
5.5.3 鍒嗘娌夋穩鍜屾矇娣€鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鍖�
绗叚绔� 姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鎺屾彙姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛岃兘閰嶅钩姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)寮�銆�
鐞嗚В闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鐨勬蹇�锛岃兘鐢ㄨ兘鏂壒鍏紡閫�(j矛n)琛屾湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
鎺屾彙闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍦ㄦ湁闂�(gu膩n)鏂归潰鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
浜嗚В鍘熼浕姹犻浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鑸囧悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳借畩鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
鎺屾彙鍏冪礌闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍦栧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
6.1 姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�
6.2 姘у寲閭勫師鏂圭▼寮忛厤骞�
6.3 闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)
鎺屾彙鍘熼浕姹�锛岄浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)锛岃兘鏂壒鏂圭▼寮�锛屽師闆绘睜鐨勯浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)
鑸団柍rG 鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
6.4 闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
瑷�(j矛)绠楀師闆绘睜鐨勯浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)锛屽垽鏂锋哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑鏂瑰悜锛岄伕
鎿囨哀鍖栧姂鍜岄倓鍘熷姂锛屽垽鏂锋哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑娆″簭锛屾脯(c猫)瀹氭煇浜�
鍖栧(xu茅)甯告暩(sh霉)
6.5 鍏冪礌闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍦栧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�
绗竷绔� 鍘熷瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
浜嗚В鏍稿闆诲瓙閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勭壒娈婃€р€旀尝绮掍簩璞℃€�銆�
鑳界悊瑙ｆ尝鍑芥暩(sh霉)瑙掑害鍒嗗竷鍦栵紝闆诲瓙浜戣搴﹀垎甯冨湒鍜岄浕瀛愪簯寰�
鍚戝垎甯冨湒銆�
鎺屾彙鍥涘€�(g猫)閲忓瓙鏁�(sh霉)鍙婄墿鐞嗘剰缇╋紝鎺屾彙闆诲瓙灞�銆侀浕瀛愪簽灞ゃ€佽兘
绱�(j铆)銆佽粚閬撶瓑鍚京銆�
鑳界敤涓嶇浉瀹瑰師鐞�銆佽兘閲忔渶浣庡師鐞�銆佹椽鐗硅(gu墨)鍓囧鍑轰竴鑸厓
绱犵殑鍘熷瓙鏍稿闆诲瓙鎺掑竷寮忓拰鍍�(ji脿)闆诲瓙妲�(g貌u)鍨�銆�
7.1 寰绮掑瓙鐨勬尝绮掍簩璞℃€�
7.1.1 姘厜璀滃拰鐜荤埦鐞嗚珫
7.1.2 寰绮掑瓙鐨勬尝绮掍簩璞℃€�
7.2 姘師瀛愭牳澶栭浕瀛愮殑閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)
7.2.1 娉㈠嚱鏁�(sh霉)鍜岃枦瀹氳鏂圭▼
7.2.2 娉㈠嚱鏁�(sh霉)鍜岄浕瀛愪簯鍦栧舰
7.2.3 鍥涘€�(g猫)閲忓瓙鏁�(sh霉)
7.3 澶氶浕瀛愬師瀛愭牳澶栭浕瀛愮殑閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)
灞忚斀鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜岄墕绌挎晥鎳�(y墨ng),鍘熷瓙鏍稿闆诲瓙鎺掑竷
7.4 鍘熷瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽厓绱犲懆鏈熷緥
7.4.1 鏍稿闆诲瓙鎺掑竷鍜屽懆鏈熻〃鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
7.4.2 鍘熷瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧厓绱犲熀鏈€ц唱(zh矛)
绗叓绔� 鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鎺屾彙闆㈠瓙閸电悊璜栬榛�(di菐n)锛岀悊瑙ｆ焙瀹氶洟瀛愬寲鍚堢墿鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫洜绱犲強
闆㈠瓙鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐗瑰緛銆�
鎺屾彙闆诲瓙閰嶅皪(du矛)娉曞強鍏卞児(ji脿)閸电殑鐗瑰緛銆�
鑳界敤杌岄亾闆滃寲鐞嗚珫渚嗚В閲嬩竴鑸垎瀛愮殑妲�(g貌u)鍨�銆�
浜嗚В闆㈠瓙妤靛寲銆佸垎瀛愰枔鍔涚殑姒傚康锛屾帉鎻℃矮閸电殑褰㈡垚鍜岀壒寰�銆�
8.1 闆㈠瓙閸靛拰鍏卞児(ji脿)閸�
鎺屾彙鍍�(ji脿)閸电悊璜�锛屽叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑鐗瑰緛
8.2 杌岄亾闆滃寲鐞嗚珫
浜嗚В杌岄亾闆滃寲鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)锛屾帉鎻￠洔鍖栬粚閬撶殑椤炲瀷
8.3 鍍�(ji脿)灞ら浕瀛愬皪(du矛)浜掓枼鐞嗚珫
8.4 鍒嗗瓙杌岄亾鐞嗚珫绨�(ji菐n)浠�
8.5 鍒嗗瓙鐨勬サ鎬у拰鍒嗗瓙闁撳姏
8.6 姘嵉
绗節绔� 閰嶄綅鍖栧悎鐗�
鎺屾彙閰嶄綅鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲勬垚銆佸畾缇┿€侀鍨嬪拰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�
鐞嗚В閰嶄綅闆㈣В骞宠 鐨勬剰缇╁強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
鎺屾彙铻悎鐗╃殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
9.1 閰嶄綅鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲勬垚鍜屽畾缇�
9.2 閰嶄綅鍖栧悎鐗╃殑椤炲瀷鍜屽懡鍚�
9.3 閰嶄綅瑙ｉ洟骞宠
鎺屾彙閰嶄綅瑙ｉ洟骞宠 鍜屽钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)锛岄厤浣嶈В闆㈠钩琛＄殑绉诲嫊(d貌ng)锛屾帉
鎻� EDTA 婊村畾娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛�
9.4 铻悎鐗╃殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�
鎺屾彙铻悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婄┅(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛屼簡瑙ｈ灟鍚堝姂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
绗崄绔� 瀹氶噺鍒嗘瀽鐨勮宸拰鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铏曠悊
鐞嗚В鏈夋晥鏁�(sh霉)瀛楃殑鎰忕京锛屾帉鎻″畠鐨勯亱(y霉n)绠楄(gu墨)鍓�銆�
浜嗚В瀹氶噺鍒嗘瀽瑾ゅ樊鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢熷拰瀹冪殑鍚勭ó琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆�
浜嗚В鎻愰珮鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋滄簴(zh菙n)纰哄害鐨勬柟娉曘€�
鎺屾彙鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋滄湁闄愬(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勮檿鐞嗘柟娉�銆�
10.1 鏈夋晥鏁�(sh霉)瀛�
10.2 瑾ゅ樊鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢熷強琛ㄧず鏂规硶
浜嗚В绲曞皪(du矛)瑾ゅ樊鍜岀浉灏�(du矛)瑾ゅ樊锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)瑾ゅ樊鍜岄毃姗�(j墨)瑾ゅ樊锛�
鎺屾彙婧�(zh菙n)纰哄害鍜岀簿瀵嗗害
10.3 鏈夐檺瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勭当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)铏曠悊
鎺屾彙娓�(c猫)瀹氱祼(ji茅)鏋滈洟缇ゅ€肩殑妫勮垗锛岄’钁楁€ф椹�(y脿n)锛屽垎鏋愮祼(ji茅)
鏋滅殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)铏曠悊鑸囧牨(b脿o)鍛�
10.4 鎻愰珮鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋滄簴(zh菙n)纰哄害鐨勬柟娉�
閬告搰鍚堥仼鐨勫垎鏋愭柟娉曪紝濡備綍娓涘皬娓�(c猫)閲忕殑鐩稿皪(du矛)瑾ゅ樊銆�
绯荤当(t菕ng)瑾ゅ樊鍜岄毃姗�(j墨)瑾ゅ樊
绗崄涓€绔� 閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽娉�
浜嗚В閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鍜屼富瑕佹椹�銆�
绨�(ji菐n)瑕佷簡瑙ｆ矇娣€鐨勫舰鎴愰亷绋�锛屾脯(c猫)瀹氭浠剁殑閬告搰銆�
鎺屾彙閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋滆▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉�銆�
11.1 閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽娉曟杩�
11.2 娌夋穩鐨勫畬鍏ㄧ▼搴﹁垏褰遍熆娌夋穩婧惰В搴︾殑鍥犵礌
浜嗚В娌夋穩婧惰В搴︾殑澶у皬锛屾槸姹哄畾娌夋穩鏄惁瀹屽叏鐨勪富
瑕佸洜绱�
11.3 褰遍熆娌夋穩绱斿害鐨勫洜绱�
鍏辨矇娣€鍜屽悗娌夋穩銆佽〃闈㈠惛闄�銆佺敓鎴愭贩鏅躲€佸寘钘忕瓑鏄�
寮曡捣鍏辨矇娣€鐨勮涓诲師鍥�銆�
11.4 娌夋穩鐨勫舰鎴愯垏娌夋穩?xi脿ng)l浠�
11.5 娌夋穩鐨勯亷婵俱€佹礂婊�銆佺儤骞叉垨鐏肩噿鍜屽垎鏋愮祼(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷�(j矛)绠�
绗崄浜岀珷 婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉�
浜嗚В妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯厤鍒舵柟娉�锛屾帉鎻″熀婧�(zh菙n)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鍏峰倷鐨勬
浠�锛涙淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶鐨勫熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)銆�
鐔熺反鎺屾彙閰嶄綅婊村畾涓壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绯绘暩(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�
鐔熸倝甯哥敤閲戝爆鎸囩ず鍔戝強 EDTA 娉曠殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ寖鍦�
鐔熸倝閰稿牽鎸囩ず鍔戠殑璁婅壊鍘熺悊鍙婂叾閬告搰
鎺屾彙閰稿牽婧舵恫涓矮闆㈠瓙婵冨害鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛屾按婧舵恫涓吀鍫挎淮
瀹氭硶鐨勫師鐞�
鎺屾彙閰稿牽婊村畾銆侀厤浣嶆淮瀹�銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氬拰娌夋穩婊村畾
娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊銆�
鐔熸倝鍚勭ó婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑瀵�(sh铆)闅涙噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
12.1 婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曟璜�
浜嗚В婊村畾鍒嗘瀽閬庣▼鍜屾柟娉曞垎椤�锛屾淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶灏�(du矛)鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨�
瑕佹眰鍜屾淮瀹氭柟寮�銆傛帉鎻℃(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯厤鍒�銆佸熀婧�(zh菙n)鐗┿€佸熀婧�(zh菙n)
婧舵恫鍙婃湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�
12.2 閰稿牽婊村畾娉�
12.2.1 寮遍吀鍫挎憾娑蹭腑鍚勭墿绋殑鍒嗗竷
12.2.2 閰稿牽婧舵恫姘洟瀛愭績搴︾殑瑷�(j矛)绠�
12.2.3 绶╂矕婧舵恫
12.2.4 閰稿牽鎸囩ず鍔�
12.2.5 婊村畾鏇茬窔鍙婃寚绀哄姂鐨勯伕鎿�
12.2.6 閰稿牽婊村畾娉曠殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
12.3 閰嶄綅婊村畾娉�
12.3.1 閰嶄綅婊村畾娉曟杩�
12.3.2 姘ㄧ晶閰嶄綅鍔戣垏閰嶄綅骞宠
12.3.3 閰嶄綅婊村畾鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�
12.3.4 娣峰悎闆㈠瓙鐨勬淮瀹�
12.3.5 閰嶄綅婊村畾鐨勬柟寮忓拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧず渚�
12.4 姘у寲鍘熼倓婊村畾娉�
12.4.1 姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾娉曟杩�
12.4.2 姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾娉曞熀鏈師鐞�
12.4.3 姘у寲閭勫師婊村畾娉曞垎椤炲強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
12.5 娌夋穩婊村畾娉�
鎺屾彙婊村畾鏇茬窔锛岀祩榛�(di菐n)妾㈡脯(c猫)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
绗崄涓夌珷 姣旇壊娉曞拰鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉�
浜嗚В姣旇壊娉曞拰鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曠殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆�
鎺屾彙鍏夌殑鍚告敹瀹氬緥鍙婂叾閬╃敤鑼冨湇銆�
鎺屾彙鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曠殑鍒嗘瀽鏂规硶銆�
浜嗚В椤壊鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾姊濅欢鐨勯伕鎿�銆�
浜嗚В鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曠殑鏌愪簺鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
13.1 姒傝堪
浜嗚В鍏夊害鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婂叾鐗╄唱(zh矛)灏�(du矛)鍏夌殑閬告搰鎬у惛鏀�
13.2 鍏夊惛鏀剁殑鍩烘湰瀹氬緥
鎺屾彙鏈椾集锛嶆瘮鐖惧畾寰嬪強鍏跺惛鍏夊害鐨勫姞鍜屾€�
13.3 姣旇壊娉曞拰鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曞強鍏跺剙鍣�
浜嗚В鐩姣旇壊娉�銆佸垎鍏夊厜搴﹁▓(j矛)鐨勫熀鏈儴浠跺強甯哥敤鐨勫咕绋垎
鍏夊厜搴﹁▓(j矛)
13.4 鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曞剙鍣ㄦ脯(c猫)閲忚宸強鍏舵秷闄�
13.5 鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曠殑鏌愪簺鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
鎺屾彙鍠祫鍒嗙殑娓�(c猫)瀹氥€佸绲勫垎鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹�銆佸厜搴︽淮瀹氾紱浜嗚В閰�
鍫胯В闆㈠父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹氬強閰嶅悎鐗╃祫鎴愮殑娓�(c猫)瀹�
绗崄鍥涚珷 鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)涓父鐢ㄧ殑鍒嗛洟鏂规硶鍜岀敓鐗╄│妯ｇ殑鍓嶈檿
鐞�
浜嗚В娌夋穩鍒嗛洟娉�锛岃悆鍙栨硶锛岄洟瀛愪氦鎻涙硶锛屽堡鏋愬垎闆㈡硶鐨勫師
鐞嗗強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
浜嗚В鐢熺墿瑭︽ǎ鐨勫墠铏曠悊銆�
涓�銆侀鍨�
鍒ゆ柗灏�(du矛)閷�(cu貌)椤屻€侀伕鎿囬銆佸～绌洪銆佸晱绛旈銆佽▓(j矛)绠楅
寰�(f霉)瑭︾鐩悕绋憋細鍖栧(xu茅)缍滃悎锛堝寘鍚墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佸剙鍣ㄥ垎鏋愶級
閬╂噳(y墨ng)灏堟キ(y猫)锛氱劇姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆佺墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)
鍖栧(xu茅)缍滃悎锛堝寘鍚墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆佸剙鍣ㄥ垎鏋愶級鑰冪爺澶х侗
涓€銆佽€冭│绲勬垚
鍖栧(xu茅)缍滃悎鏄寲瀛�(xu茅)灏堟キ(y猫)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鐨勭稖鍚堣€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛岃│鍗�
娑佃搵鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)銆佸剙鍣ㄥ垎鏋愬拰涓昏鑳藉姏娓�(c猫)瑭︿笁閮ㄥ垎銆傚叾涓�锛岀墿鐞�
鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎鍗�40鍒嗭紝鍎€鍣ㄥ垎鏋�40鍒�锛屼富瑙€鑳藉姏娓�(c猫)瑭�20鍒�锛屽叡100
鍒�銆�
浜�銆佺墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎澶х侗
鎺屾彙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨瀹氬緥銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)锛岀湡瀵�(sh铆)姘ｉ珨鍙婅寖寰疯彲鏂圭▼锛涘収(n猫i)鑳�銆�
鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鐨勬枃瀛�?j菒n)鈶归矀闂兌铔�?sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�銆佺瓑瀹圭啽銆佺瓑澹�
鐔卞拰鐒�銆傜啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鍦ㄧ悊鎯虫埃楂斾腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傝搵鏂畾寰�銆佹(bi膩o)
婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐕冪噿鐒�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐢熸垚鐒撱€佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐒撹畩鐨�
瑷�(j矛)绠�銆佸熀鐖鹃湇澶畾寰嬨€傛帉鎻＄啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勮〃绀�锛屼簡瑙ｅ崱璜�
瀹氱悊銆傜喌锛岀啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛岀喌璁婄殑瑷�(j矛)绠楀強鐔靛垽
鎿�(j霉)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚悏甯冩柉鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨绛夋韩閬庣▼銆佺浉璁婇亷绋�銆�
鍖栧(xu茅)璁婂寲锛�锛屽悏甯冩柉鍑芥暩(sh霉)鍒ゆ摎(j霉)銆傛帉鎻℃憾娑�銆佹贩鍚堢墿鐨勬蹇靛拰绲�
鎴愯〃绀烘硶锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬蹇靛強琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忥紱鎷夌儚鐖惧畾寰嬪拰浜ㄥ緱瀹氬緥锛�
绋€婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬у強鍒嗛厤瀹氬緥銆傛帉鎻″弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼鍙婂叾琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛氬熀
鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼鑸囨績搴﹂棞(gu膩n)绯�銆備簡瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍒嗗瓙鏁�(sh霉)銆傞€熺巼绯绘暩(sh霉)銆�
閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)銆佽唱(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾寰�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)銆侀浂绱�(j铆)銆佷竴绱�(j铆)銆佷簩绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
閫熺巼鏂圭▼鍙婂叾鐗瑰緛锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勭⒑瀹�銆傛韩搴﹀皪(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�
鈥旈樋绱凹鐑忔柉鏂圭▼锛屾椿鍖栬兘銆傞張鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婄垎鐐哥従(xi脿n)璞�銆備簡瑙ｅ偓鍖栦綔
鐢�銆佹憾娑蹭腑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫熀鏈壒寰佺瓑銆傛帉鎻′簡瑙ｉ洟瀛愮殑闆婚伔绉�锛岄洟瀛�
鐨勯伔绉绘暩(sh霉)锛涗簡瑙ｉ浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)婧舵恫鐨勯浕灏�(d菐o)锛岄浕灏�(d菐o)鐜囷紝鎽╃埦闆诲皫(d菐o)鐜�锛岄浕
灏�(d菐o)鐜囧拰鎽╃埦闆诲皫(d菐o)鐜囩殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛屾懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜囧拰婵冨害鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯汇€傛帉鎻￠洟
瀛愮崹(d煤)绔嬪畾寰嬪拰鎽╃埦闆诲皫(d菐o)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涗簡瑙ｉ浕灏�(d菐o)娓�(c猫)瀹氬師鐞嗗強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屼簡
瑙ｅ挤(qi谩ng)闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫鐞嗚珫鈥旈洟瀛愪簰鍚哥悊璜栬榛�(di菐n)銆傞洟瀛愮殑骞冲潎娲诲害鍜�
骞冲潎娲诲害绯绘暩(sh霉)锛岄洟瀛愬挤(qi谩ng)搴�?锛熻怠楠愬У鐫剧濡�?d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)锛涘師闆绘睜绲勬垚锛�
鍙€嗛浕姹犲叿鍌欑殑姊濅欢銆傞浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)鍜岄浕姹犻浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)锛涙矮闆绘サ锛岄浕妤�
闆诲嫝(sh矛)鑸囨(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)锛屽奖闊块浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)鐨勫洜绱犫€曗€曞鏂壒鏂圭▼寮�锛�
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闈㈠悏甯冩柉鍑芥暩(sh霉)锛岃〃闈㈠嫉鍔�锛岄嫪灞�锛屾繒娼�锛屾帴瑙歌锛屾彋(y谩ng)姘忔柟绋�锛�
褰庢洸娑查潰鐨勯檮鍔犲鍔涳紝鎷夋櫘鎷夋柉鏂圭▼鍙婇枊鐖炬枃鍏紡鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傛憾
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鏈壒鎬�銆備簡瑙ｉ珮鍒嗗瓙婧舵恫鐨勫舰鎴愬拰鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬嚌鑶犵殑褰㈡垚鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)锛�
涔崇媭娑茬殑涔冲寲鍜屾场娌殑鐧�(f膩)娉″強娑堟场銆�
涓�銆佸剙鍣ㄥ垎鏋愰儴鍒嗗ぇ缍�
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(1) 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)宸ヤ綔鏇茬窔鐨勭躬鍒舵柟娉曞強鎰忕京
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2銆佸師瀛愬厜璀滆垏鍒嗗瓙鍏夎瓬锛岀櫦(f膩)灏勫厜璀滆垏鍚告敹鍏夎瓬锛屽厜璀滄硶鑸囬潪
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璀滅殑鍒嗛
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2銆侀潏鏁忓害銆佺簿瀵嗗害銆佹簴(zh菙n)纰哄害鍙婃鍑洪檺鐨勬蹇�銆�
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3銆佷簡瑙ｉ潏鏁忓害銆佺簿瀵嗗害銆佹簴(zh菙n)纰哄害鍙婃鍑洪檺鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉�銆�
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2銆佷簡瑙ｅ師瀛愬厜璀滆垏鍒嗗瓙鍏夎瓬鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒ャ€�
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3銆佺传澶栧彲瑕嬪垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢紱
4銆佸偓鍖栧嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍏夊害娉�銆�
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2銆佹帉鎻＄传澶栧彲瑕嬪垎鍏夊厜搴﹁▓(j矛)鐨勪富瑕侀儴浠跺強浣滅敤锛�
3銆佷簡瑙ｇ传澶栧惛鏀跺厜璀滅殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢紱
4銆佷簡瑙ｇ传澶栧垎鍏夊厜搴﹁▓(j矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍘熺悊锛岄洐娉㈤暦鍒嗗厜鍏夊害娉曪紝鍌�
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2銆佹帉鎻＄啋鍏夋晥鐜囧強褰遍熆鍥犵礌锛�
3銆佷簡瑙ｇ啋鍏�銆佺７鍏夊強鍖栧(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)鍏変箣闁撶殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�锛岀啋鍏�銆佺７鍏夊強
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5銆佸厜璀滃畾閲忓垎鏋愬師鐞�锛屼钩鍔戠壒鎬ф洸绶�锛岃瓬绶氬挤(qi谩ng)搴﹁垏瑭︽ǎ婵�
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2銆佹帉鎻′笁绋熀鏈厜婧愮殑鍒嗘瀽鐗规€у強鍏夋簮鐨勯伕鎿�锛�
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4銆佷簡瑙ｅ厜鏌靛柈鑹插剙鐨勮壊鏁ｇ巼鍙婂垎杈ㄧ巼鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛�
5銆佷簡瑙ｅ師瀛愮櫦(f膩)灏勫厜璀滃剙鍚勭祫鎴愰儴鍒嗙殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂伐浣滃師鐞�銆�
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1銆佸師瀛愬惛鏀剁窔鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢�銆佽吉寤撳強璁婂锛屽熀鎱�(t脿i)鍘熷瓙鏁�(sh霉)鑸囨韩搴︾殑
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4銆佺伀鐒板師瀛愬寲鍣ㄨ垏鐭冲ⅷ鐖愬師瀛愬寲鍣�銆�
5銆佸師瀛愬惛鏀剁殑骞叉摼鍥犵礌鍙婂叾娑堥櫎鏂规硶锛�
6銆佸畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鏇茬窔娉曘€佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍔犲叆娉�锛�
7銆佸師瀛愬惛鏀跺厜璀滃剙鍚勭祫鎴愰儴浠跺強浣滅敤锛�
8銆佸師瀛愮啋鍏夊垎鏋愭硶鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�銆佸剙鍣ㄨ垏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
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2銆佹帉鎻″師瀛愬惛鏀跺熀鏈師鐞�銆佸畾閲忎緷鎿�(j霉)銆佸畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉曞強瑷�(j矛)
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4銆佹帉鎻″師瀛愬惛鏀剁殑骞叉摼鍥犵礌鍙婂叾娑堥櫎鏂规硶锛�
5銆佷簡瑙ｉ潏鏁忓害鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉�锛屾鍑洪檺鍙婃湁闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱
6銆佷簡瑙ｅ師瀛愬惛鏀跺厜璀滃剙鍚勭祫鎴愰儴浠跺強浣滅敤锛�
7銆佷簡瑙ｇ劇鐏劙锛堢煶澧ㄧ垚锛夊師瀛愬惛鏀舵硶锛屽喎鍘熷瓙娉�銆�
8銆佷簡瑙ｅ師瀛愮啋鍏夊垎鏋愭硶鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗐€佸剙鍣ㄨ垏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
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2銆佷簡瑙ｉ浕鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勫熀鏈蹇点€�
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2銆侀洟瀛愰伕鎿囬浕妤靛熀鏈鍨嬪強鍏剁祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛�
3銆佸畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉曪紝绺介洟瀛愬挤(qi谩ng)搴﹁(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鍔�銆�
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2銆佷簡瑙ｉ洟瀛愰伕鎿囬浕妤甸伕鎿囩郴鏁�(sh霉)KIJ鎰忕京銆佸強鐢卞共鎿鹃洟瀛愬紩
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3銆佹帉鎻″畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉曞強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛岄浕浣嶅垎鏋愭硶鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛�
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6銆佹サ璀滃畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉�锛屽偓鍖栨サ璀滄硶鍘熺悊鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢紱
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3銆佹帉鎻℃サ璀滃畾閲忓垎鏋愭柟娉曞強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�锛�
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姝ュ叿鏈夊垎鏋愬拰瑙ｆ焙瀵�(sh铆)闅涘晱椤岀殑鑳藉姏銆傜稉(j墨ng)閬庡繀瑕佺殑鐞嗚珫鍜屾搷浣滄妧
鑳界殑鑰冩牳锛屼娇瀛�(xu茅)鐢熼(y菐ng)鎴愪互鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鐐虹悊璜栧熀绀�(ch菙)寰炲井瑙€鍙婅兘閲忚
搴︽帉鎻″寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閬庣▼锛屽煿椁�(y菐ng)瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷叿鏈夊垎鏋愬晱椤�銆佽В姹哄晱椤岀殑鍒�
姝ヨ兘鍔�銆�
涓€銆佽€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)
鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨瀹氬緥鍙婅寖寰疯彲鏂圭▼
鐔卞姏绗竴瀹氬緥銆佺浜屽畾寰嬪強绗笁瀹氬緥鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰強鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�
鍏稿瀷閬庣▼涓殑鐔�銆佸姛瑷�(j矛)绠�锛岀啽鍖栧(xu茅)锛屽収(n猫i)鑳�銆佺創璁�銆佺喌銆佸悏甯冩柉
鑷敱鑳界瓑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勭浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯诲強瑷�(j矛)绠�
鐔靛垽鎿�(j霉)
绋€婧舵恫鐨勭稉(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)瀹氬緥锛岀█婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬у強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�
澶氱浉骞宠 鐨勪竴鑸浠�锛屼簩绲勫垎楂旂郴鐨勭浉鍦栧強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屾潬妗胯(gu墨)鍓�锛�
姝ュ喎鏇茬窔
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛夋韩鏂圭▼寮�锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鍙婂悇绋〃绀烘硶锛屽钩琛¤綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫巼锛�
婧害銆佸鍔涘強鎯版€ф埃楂斿皪(du矛)鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勫奖闊垮強瑷�(j矛)绠�
2銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)
闆剁礆(j铆)鍙婁竴绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鏂圭▼鍙婅▓(j矛)绠�
閺堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸厜鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)
闃垮€凹鐑忔柉鏂圭▼銆佹椿鍖栬兘鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楀強娲诲寲鑳借垏婧害鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
3銆侀浕鍖栧(xu茅)
娉曟媺绗畾寰嬪強瑷�(j矛)绠�
闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫鐨勯浕灏�(d菐o)锛岄浕灏�(d菐o)鐜�锛屾懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜囩殑姒傚康鍙婅▓(j矛)绠�锛屾懇鐖�
闆诲皫(d菐o)鐜囧拰婵冨害鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
闆㈠瓙鐨勫钩鍧囨椿搴﹀拰骞冲潎娲诲害绯绘暩(sh霉)锛岄洟瀛愬挤(qi谩ng)搴�
闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀浕姹犲弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婇浕姹犵铏�(h脿o)鐨勫娉�
闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍙婇浕姹犻浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楀強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
闆昏В鏅�(sh铆)闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�
閲戝爆闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)鑵愯潟鍙婇槻璀�(h霉)鍘熺悊
4銆佺晫闈㈢従(xi脿n)璞¤垏鑶犻珨
琛ㄩ潰鐝�(xi脿n)璞¤垏鍚搁檮鐝�(xi脿n)璞�
鎺ヨЦ瑙掔殑姒傚康
琛ㄩ潰娲绘€у姂鐨勭ó椤炲強绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鑶犻珨鐨勫厜瀛�(xu茅)銆佸嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍙婇浕鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鑶犻珨鐨勭┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у強鑱氭矇
鍞愬崡骞宠
浜�銆佽€冭│瑕佹眰锛堣姹傛帉鎻″拰浜嗚В鐨勫悇绔犲収(n猫i)瀹癸級
绗竴绔犮€佹埃楂�
瑕佹眰鎺屾彙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨瀹氬緥銆佹€ц唱(zh矛)锛岀湡瀵�(sh铆)姘ｉ珨鍙婅寖寰疯彲鏂圭▼绛�銆�
1.1 鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨瀹氬緥
1.2 鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨娣峰悎鐗�
1.3 鐪熷(sh铆)姘ｉ珨鍙婅寖寰疯彲鏂圭▼
1.4 姘ｉ珨鐨勫嚌鑱氳垏钂告苯澹�
绗簩绔�銆佺啽鍔涚涓€瀹氬緥
瑕佹眰鎺屾彙鐔卞姏绗竴瀹氬緥鍩烘湰姒傚康锛涚郴绲�(t菕ng)銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧�銆佺啽鍔涘(xu茅)骞�
琛＄媭鎱�(t脿i)銆侀亷绋嬮€斿緫銆佺啽鍜屽姛銆傚収(n猫i)鑳�銆佺啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰拰
鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忋€佺瓑瀹圭啽銆佺瓑澹撶啽鍜岀創銆傚畾瀹圭啽瀹�銆佸畾澹撶啽瀹�銆佸畾
瀹圭啽瀹瑰拰瀹氬鐔卞涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傜啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥鍦ㄧ悊鎯虫埃楂斾腑
鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚畾澹撳弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐔�銆佸畾瀹瑰弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐔卞強鍏剁浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傝搵鏂畾寰嬨€�
妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐕冪噿鐒�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐢熸垚鐒撱€佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐒撹畩
鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆佸熀鐖鹃湇澶畾寰�銆�
涓昏鍏�(n猫i)瀹癸細
2.1 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈蹇�
2.2鍏�(n猫i)鑳姐€佺啽鍜屽姛
2.3 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍙€嗛亷绋�
2.4 鐔卞姏绗竴瀹氬緥
2.5 鐒撳拰鐔卞
2.6鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鐨勫収(n猫i)鑳藉拰鐒�
2.7 姘ｉ珨鐨勭禃鐔遍亷绋�
2.8 鐩歌畩锛堢啽锛夌創
2.9 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔憋紙鐔憋級鐒撳拰妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔憋紙鐒擄級
2.10 鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬懇鐖剧敓鎴愮創鍙婃懇鐖惧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
2.11 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐔憋紙鐒擄級鑸囨韩搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�
绗笁绔�銆佺啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥
瑕佹眰鎺屾彙鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勮〃绀�锛屼簡瑙ｅ崱璜惧畾鐞嗐€傜喌锛岀啽鍔�
瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忥紝鐔佃畩鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楀強鐔靛垽鎿�(j霉)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚悏甯�
鏂嚱鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楋紙鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨绛夋韩閬庣▼銆佺浉璁婇亷绋�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)璁婂寲锛�锛�
鍚夊竷鏂嚱鏁�(sh霉)鍒ゆ摎(j霉)銆傜啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰璀扮▼锛堢啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙級銆�
鍏嬫媺璨濋緧鏂圭▼銆�
3.1鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勭稉(j墨ng)鍏歌〃杩�
3.2鍗¤寰挵(hu谩n)鍜屽崱璜惧畾鐞�
3.3鐔靛拰鐔佃畩鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�
3.4鍏嬪嫗淇柉涓嶅緟寮�
3.5瀛ょ珛楂旂郴鐔靛鍔犲師鐞嗗拰骞宠 鍒ゆ摎(j霉)
3.6 璧闇嶈尣鑷敱鑳藉拰鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘
3.7 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂圭▼,骞惧€�(g猫)鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)涔嬪鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
3.8鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗笁瀹氬緥
绗洓绔�銆佹憾娑�-澶氱祫鍒嗛珨绯荤啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍦ㄦ憾娑蹭腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
瑕佹眰鎺屾彙婧舵恫銆佹贩鍚堢墿鐨勬蹇靛拰绲勬垚琛ㄧず娉�锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬蹇�
鍙婅〃閬�(d谩)寮�锛涙媺鐑忕埦瀹氬緥鍜屼酣鍒╁畾寰�锛涚█婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬у強鍒嗛厤瀹�
寰�銆�
4.1婧舵恫銆佹贩鍚堢墿鐨勬蹇靛強鍏剁祫鎴愮殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶
4.2鍋忔懇鐖鹃噺
4.3鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鍙婂叾琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�
4.4姘ｉ珨鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�
4.5鎷夌儚鐖惧畾寰嬪拰浜ㄥ埄瀹氬緥
4.6鐞嗘兂娑叉厠(t脿i)鐨勫畾缇�銆侀€氭€у咕鍚勭祫鍒嗙殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)
4.7闆ｆ彯鐧�(f膩)婧惰唱(zh矛)鍜岀悊鎯崇█钖勬憾娑茬殑渚濇暩(sh霉)鎬�
4.8绋€婧舵恫鐨勫垎閰嶅畾寰嬪強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�
绗簲绔�銆佺浉骞宠
瑕佹眰鎺屾彙鐩搞€佺浉鏁�(sh霉)銆佺墿绋�銆佺墿绋暩(sh霉)銆佺祫鍒�銆佺祫鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)銆佽嚜鐢卞害
鏁�(sh霉)銆傚悏甯冩柉鐩稿緥鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€傚柈绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)涓按鐨勭浉鍦栵紙鐩稿湒涓粸(di菐n)銆�
绶�銆侀潰锛夌殑鎰忕京锛涚磾娑查珨鐨勯＝鍜岃捀姘ｅ銆傞洐绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬恫鍥哄钩
琛★細鐔卞垎鏋愭硶锛屾鍐锋洸绶氱殑绻埗锛屾潬妗胯(gu墨)鍓�锛屾湁绨�(ji菐n)鍠綆鍏辩啍娣�
鍚堢敓鎴愮殑绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屾湁鍖栧悎鐗╃敓鎴愮殑绯荤当(t菕ng)銆備簡瑙ｉ洐绲勫垎娑茬浉閮ㄥ垎浜�
婧剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬恫--娑插钩琛＄浉鍦�銆傞洐绲勫垎鐞嗘兂婧舵恫鐨勬埃--娑插钩琛＄浉鍦栵紝
鎷夌儚鐖惧畾寰嬪強鍏惰▓(j矛)绠楃悊鎯虫憾娑茬殑P鈥擷鍦栧拰T鈥擷鍦�锛涘(sh铆)闅涙憾娑插皪(du矛)
鐞嗘兂婧舵恫鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷亸宸殑鍘熷洜鍜屽咕绋鍨嬶細闆欑祫鍒嗘恫鐩稿畬鍏ㄤ簰婧剁郴
绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬埃鈥旀恫骞宠 鐩稿湒鏉犳】瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛屾亽娌告贩鍚堢墿锛岀簿椁惧師鐞嗭細瀹屽叏
涓嶄簰婧剁殑闆欐恫楂旂郴鈥旀按钂告埃钂搁ぞ鐨勫師鐞嗗拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屽垎閰嶅畾寰�銆�
5.1鐩哥巼
5.2鍠祫鍒嗛珨绯荤浉鍦�
5.3浜岀祫鍒嗛珨绯荤殑鐩稿湒妤靛叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
5.4涓夌祫鍒嗛珨绯荤殑鐩稿湒妤靛叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
绗叚绔�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠
瑕佹眰鎺屾彙鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)搴�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛夋韩鏂圭▼寮忥紝鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫钩琛�
姊濅欢銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)锛屽埄鐢ㄥ悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳借▓(j矛)绠楁(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 甯�
鏁�(sh霉)锛屾繒搴﹀皪(du矛)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勫奖闊�銆�
6.1鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫钩琛℃浠跺強鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勮Κ鍜屽嫝(sh矛)
6.2寰�(f霉)鐩稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 锛屽垎瑙ｅ鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
6.3鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭瓑婧柟绋嬪紡鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
6.4妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍚夊竷鏂嚜鐢辫兘鍜屾(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎽╃埦鐢熸垚鍚夊竷鏂ぇ鏋�
鑷敱鑳�
6.5婵曞害銆佸鍔涘強鎯版€ф埃楂斿皪(du矛)鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勫奖闊�
绗竷绔犮€侀浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)瀹规恫
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