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[1]寮电帀闈�. 鍒嗗瓙閬哄偝瀛�(xu茅). 鍖椾含锛氱瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀撅紝2000
[2]瓒欏＝鍏�锛屽柆瀹堟€�. 鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｉ伜鍌冲(xu茅). 鍖椾含锛氶珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2001
[3]鏈辩帀璩紝鏉庢瘏. 鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)(绗� 2 鐗�). 鍖椾含锛氶珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2002
[4]灏氱帀鏄�. 鏅€氱敓鎱�(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)(绗� 2 鐗�). 鍖椾含 锛氬寳浜ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑虹増绀�锛�2002
[5]鍛ㄤ簯榫�. 妞嶇墿鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)(绗� 2 鐗�). 鍖椾含锛氶珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2004
[6]Campbell N A, Mitchell L G, Reece J B. Biology锛歝oncepts and connections.
Menlo Park锛欱enjamin锛廋ummings Publishing Company Inc锛�2000
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閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氬嫊(d貌ng)鐗╃殑鐢熸畺椤炲瀷.
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锛堜竴锛夊熀鍥犵殑閬告搰鎬ц〃閬�(d谩)鏄窗(x矛)鑳炵壒鐣版€х殑鍩虹(ch菙)
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锛堜笁锛夌湡鏍哥敓鐗╃殑鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鑸囪(di脿o)鎺�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氬師鏍哥敓鐗╃殑鍩哄洜琛ㄩ仈(d谩)鑸囪(di脿o)鎺�
绗簩鍗佷簩绔� 閲嶇祫DNA鎶€琛�(sh霉)
锛堜竴锛夊熀鍥犲伐绋嬬殑鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鎶€琛�(sh霉)
锛堜簩锛夊熀鍥犲伐绋嬩富瑕佺殑宸ュ叿閰�
锛堜笁锛夊熀鍥犲厠闅嗙殑璩�(zh矛)绮掕級楂�
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閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氶噸绲凞NA鐨勫熀鏈椹�.
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锛堜竴锛変汉椤炲熀鍥犵祫鍙婂叾绲勬垚
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锛堜笁锛夌檶鍩哄洜鑸囨儭鎬ц叓鐦�
锛堝洓锛変汉椤炲熀鍥犵祫瑷�(j矛)鍔�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氫汉椤炲熀鍥犵祫瑷�(j矛)鍔�.
绗簩鍗佸洓绔� 閬�(d谩)鐖炬枃瀛�(xu茅)瑾垏寰閫�(j矛n)鍖�
锛堜竴锛夐€�(j矛n)鍖栫悊璜栫殑鍓�(chu脿ng)绔嬶細姝峰彶鍜岃瓑鎿�(j霉)
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閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱敓鐗╃殑寰閫�(j矛n)鍖�.
绗簩鍗佷簲绔� 鐗╃ó褰㈡垚
锛堜竴锛夌墿绋蹇�
锛堜簩锛夌墿绋舰鎴愮殑鏂瑰紡
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱墿绋舰鎴�.
绗簩鍗佸叚绔� 瀹忚閫�(j矛n)鍖栬垏绯荤当(t菕ng)鐧�(f膩)鑲�
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锛堜笁锛夌敓鐗╃殑绯荤当(t菕ng)鐧�(f膩)鑲�
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锛堜竴锛夌敓鍛界殑璧锋簮
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閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱敓鍛界殑璧锋簮锛涚梾姣�.
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锛堜竴锛夋鐗╁彲鑳界敱缍犺椈閫�(j矛n)鍖栬€屼締
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锛堜笁锛夌湡鑿岀殑澶氭ǎ鎬ч€�(j矛n)鍖�
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锛堜簩锛夎剨绱㈠嫊(d貌ng)鐗╃殑澶氭ǎ鎬у拰閫�(j矛n)鍖�
锛堜笁锛夊嫊(d貌ng)鐗╃晫鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)閫�(j矛n)鍖栧拰鍦扮悊鍒嗗崁(q奴)
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氬嫊(d貌ng)鐗╃殑閫�(j矛n)鍖�.
绗笁鍗佺珷 浜洪鐨勯€�(j矛n)鍖�
锛堜竴锛変汉椤炶垏闈堥暦鐩�
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閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氫汉椤炵殑閫�(j矛n)鍖栭亷绋�.
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锛堜竴锛夌挵(hu谩n)澧冭垏鐢熸厠(t脿i)鍥犲瓙
锛堜簩锛夌敓鐗╄垏闈炵敓鐗╃挵(hu谩n)澧冧箣闁撶殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱挵(hu谩n)澧冭垏鐢熸厠(t脿i)鍥犲瓙.
绗笁鍗佷簩绔� 绋兢鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)鑸囨暩(sh霉)閲忚(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)
锛堜竴锛夌ó缇ょ殑姒傚康鍜岀壒寰�
锛堜簩锛夌ó缇ょ殑鏁�(sh霉)閲忓嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)
锛堜笁锛夌ó缇ょ殑鏁�(sh霉)閲忚(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱ó缇ょ殑鏁�(sh霉)閲忓嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i).
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锛堜竴锛夌兢钀界殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屼富瑕侀鍨�
锛堜簩锛夌兢钀藉収(n猫i)閮ㄧ墿绋箣闁撶殑鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯�
锛堜笁锛夌兢钀界殑婕旀浛鍙婂叾瀵�(sh铆)渚�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱兢钀芥紨鏇�.
绗笁鍗佸洓绔� 鐢熸厠(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)鍙婂叾鍔熻兘
锛堜竴锛夌敓鎱�(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
锛堜簩锛夌敓鎱�(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)涓殑鐢熺墿鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鍔�
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锛堝洓锛変汉椤炴椿鍕�(d貌ng)灏嶇敓鐗╁湀鐨勫奖闊�
閲嶉粸(di菐n)锛氱敓鎱�(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)鑸囩敓鐗╁湀鐨勬蹇�锛涜兘閲忕殑娴佽綁(zhu菐n)
绗笁鍗佷簲绔� 鍕�(d貌ng)鐗╃殑琛岀偤
锛堜竴锛夋湰鑳借鐐哄拰瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)琛岀偤
锛堜簩锛夊嫊(d貌ng)鐗╄鐐虹殑鐢熺悊鍜岄伜鍌冲熀绀�(ch菙)
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
