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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
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2018 骞存毃鍗楀ぇ瀛�(xu茅)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│
349 钘ュ(xu茅)缍滃悎鑰冭│澶х侗
A. 閮ㄥ垎
鐩寗
I锛� 鑰冨療鐩(bi膩o)
II锛� 鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
III锛� 鑰冩煡鑼冨湇
IV锛� 瑭﹂绀轰緥
I锛庤€冩煡鐩(bi膩o)
瑕佹眰鑰冪敓姣旇純绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦版帉鎻＄敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)瑾茬▼鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆佸熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鍩烘湰鏂规硶锛�
鑳藉閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ墍瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鏂规硶鍒嗘瀽銆佸垽鏂峰拰瑙ｆ焙鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐞嗚珫鍜屽(sh铆)闅涘晱椤屻€�
II锛庤€冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆併€婄敓鐗╁寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬮儴鍒嗗垎?j菒n)?sh霉)
鈥滆棩瀛�(xu茅)缍滃悎鈥濊│鍗锋豢鍒� 300 鍒嗭紙鍏朵腑閮ㄥ垎 150 鍒嗭級锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撳叡
180 鍒嗛悩銆�
浜�銆佺瓟椤屾柟寮�
绛旈鏂瑰紡鐐洪枆鍗�銆佺瓎瑭︼紝鑰冪敓鐛�(d煤)绔嬪畬鎴愯€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
涓�銆佽│鍗峰収(n猫i)瀹圭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)鍩烘湰姒傚康銆佸熀鏈師鐞�銆佸(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎶€鑳� 120 鍒�
鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)缍滃悎鎳�(y墨ng)鐢� 30 鍒�
鍥�銆佽│鍗烽鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鍚嶈瑙ｉ噵 20 鍒�
鏄潪鍒ゆ柗椤� 20 鍒�
閬告搰椤� 30 鍒�
绨＄瓟椤� 50 鍒�
缍滃悎椤� 30 鍒�
鈪�.鑰冩煡鑼冨湇
鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)
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銆愯€冩煡鐩(bi膩o)銆�
1. 鎺屾彙鐢熺墿鍖栧(xu茅)瑾茬▼鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆佸熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鍩烘湰鏂规硶
2. 鑳藉閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄦ墍瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鏂规硶鍒嗘瀽銆佸垽鏂峰拰瑙ｆ焙鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐞嗚珫鍜屽(sh铆)闅涘晱
椤屻€�
涓€銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳�
锛堜竴锛夎泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勫垎瀛愮祫鎴�
锛堜簩锛夎泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勫垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
锛堜笁锛夎泲鐧借唱(zh矛)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳界殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�
锛堝洓锛夎泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭悊鍖栨€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鍒嗛洟绱斿寲
浜�銆佹牳閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳�
锛堜竴锛夋牳閰哥殑鍖栧(xu茅)绲勬垚
锛堜簩锛夋牳閰哥殑涓€绱�(j铆)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
锛堜笁锛塂NA 鐨勭┖鍚岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳�
锛堝洓锛塕NA 鐨勭┖闁撶祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳�
锛堜簲锛夋牳閰哥殑鐞嗗寲鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
涓�銆侀叾
锛堜竴锛夐叾鐨勫垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧姛鑳�
锛堜簩锛夐叾淇冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鑸囨(j墨)鍒�
锛堜笁锛夐叾淇冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)
锛堝洓锛夐叾鐨勮(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)
锛堜簲锛夐叾鐨勫懡鍚嶈垏鍒嗛
鍥�銆佺硸浠ｈ瑵
锛堜竴锛� 绯栭姒傚康鍙婂叾鍔熻兘
锛堜簩锛夌硸鐨勭劇姘у垎瑙�
锛堜笁锛夌硸鐨勬湁姘ф哀鍖�
锛堝洓锛夌７閰告垔绯栭€斿緫
锛堜簲锛夌硸鍘熺殑鍚堟垚鑸囧垎瑙�
锛堝叚锛夌硸鐣扮敓
锛堜竷锛夎绯栧強鍏惰(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)
浜�銆佽剛椤炰唬璎�
锛堜竴锛夎剛椤炵殑娑堝寲鍜屽惛鏀�
锛堜簩锛夌敇娌逛笁閰唬璎�
锛堜笁锛夌７鑴傜殑浠ｈ瑵
锛堝洓锛夎喗鍥洪唶浠ｈ瑵
鍏�銆佺敓鐗╂哀鍖�
锛堜竴锛夌敓鎴� ATP 鐨勬哀鍖栭珨绯�
锛堜簩锛夊叾浠栨哀鍖栭珨绯�
涓�銆佹皑鍩洪吀浠ｈ瑵
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锛堜竴锛夎泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭嚐椁�(y菐ng)浣滅敤
锛堜簩锛夎泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勬秷鍖�銆佸惛鏀惰垏鑵愭晽
锛堜笁锛夋皑鍩洪吀鐨勪竴鑸唬璎�
锛堝洓锛夋皑鐨勪唬璎�
锛堜簲锛夊€�(g猫)鍒ユ皑鍩洪吀鐨勪唬璎�
鍏�銆佹牳鑻烽吀浠ｈ瑵
锛堜竴锛夊槍鍛ゆ牳鑻烽吀浠ｈ瑵
锛堜簩锛夊槯鍟舵１鑻烽吀浠ｈ瑵
涔�銆佺墿璩�(zh矛)浠ｈ瑵鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯昏垏瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)
锛堜竴锛夌墿璩�(zh矛)浠ｈ瑵鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)
锛堜簩锛夌墿璩�(zh矛)浠ｈ瑵鐨勭浉浜掕伅(li谩n)绯�
锛堜笁锛夌祫绻斻€佸櫒瀹樼殑浠ｈ瑵鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婅伅(li谩n)绯�
锛堝洓锛変唬璎濊(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)
鍗�銆丏NA 鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴�(寰�(f霉)鍒�)
锛堜竴锛夊崐淇濈暀寰�(f霉)鍒�
锛堜簩锛塂NA 寰�(f霉)鍒剁殑閰跺(xu茅)
锛堜笁锛塂NA 鐢熺墿鑷�(t谩i)鎴愰亷绋�
锛堝洓锛塂NA 鎼嶅偡(绐佽畩)鑸囦慨寰�(f霉)
锛堜簲锛夐€嗚綁(zhu菐n)閷勭従(xi脿n)璞″拰閫嗚綁(zhu菐n)閷勯叾
鍗佷竴銆丷NA 鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴�(杞�(zhu菐n)閷�)
锛堜竴锛夋ā鏉垮拰閰�
锛堜簩锛夎綁(zhu菐n)閷勯亷绋�
锛堜笁锛夌湡鏍哥敓鐗╃殑杞�(zhu菐n)閷勫悗淇＞
鍗佷簩銆佽泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴�(缈昏)
锛堜竴锛夊弮鑸囪泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)
锛堜簩锛夎泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勭敓鐗╁悎鎴愰亷绋�
锛堜笁锛夌炕璀悗鍔犲伐
锛堝洓锛夎泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐢熺墿鍚堟垚鐨勫共鎿惧拰鎶戝埗
鍗佷笁銆佸熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)瑾�(di脿o)鎺�
锛堜竴锛夊熀鍥犺〃閬�(d谩)瑾�(di脿o)鎺у熀鏈蹇佃垏鍘熺悊
锛堜簩锛夊師鏍稿熀鍥犺綁(zhu菐n)閷勮(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)
锛堜笁锛夌湡鏍稿熀鍥犺綁(zhu菐n)閷勮(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)
IV锛庤│椤岀ず渚�
涓€銆佸悕瑭炶В閲� 锛�5脳4锛�20 鍒嗭級
1. 铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)妲�(g貌u)璞�
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浜�銆佹槸闈炲垽鏂烽 锛�20脳1锛�20 鍒嗭級
1. 寰炵啽鍔涘(xu茅)涓婅瑳铔嬬櫧璩�(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙鏈€绌�(w臎n)瀹氱殑妲�(g貌u)璞℃槸鑷敱鑳芥渶浣庢檪(sh铆)鐨勬(g貌u)璞°€�
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20. DNA 鍗婁笉閫ｇ簩(x霉)寰�(f霉)鍒舵槸鎸囧京(f霉)鍒舵檪(sh铆)涓€姊濋張鐨勫悎鎴愭柟鍚戞槸 5鈥测啋3鈥茶€屽彟涓€姊濋張
鏂瑰悜鏄� 3鈥测啋5鈥�銆�
涓夈€侀伕鎿囬 锛�30脳1锛�30 鍒嗭級
1. 闆欓張 DNA 鐨� Tm 杓冮珮鏄敱浜庝笅鍒楀摢绲勬牳鑻烽吀鍚噺杓冮珮鎵€鑷达細
A锛嶢+G B锛嶤+T C锛嶢+T D锛嶨+C
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A锛嶤O2+H2O+ATP B锛庝钩閰�
C锛庝笝閰吀 D锛庝箼閰� CoA
鍥�銆佺啊绛旈 锛�5脳10锛�50 鍒嗭級
1锛庤泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨� 伪-铻烘棆绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鏈変綍鐗归粸(di菐n)锛�
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5锛庣啊瑕佽鏄� DNA 鍗婁繚鐣欏京(f霉)鍒剁殑姗�(j墨)鍒躲€�
浜�銆佺稖鍚堥 锛�2脳15锛�30 鍒嗭級
1. 宸茬煡瀛樺湪浜� E.coli 鑿岄珨涓殑鏌愯泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鍒嗗瓙閲忕偤 1.8KD锛宲I 鍊肩偤 8.5锛岃│
鏍规摎(j霉)鎵€瀛�(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓€濂楅嚌灏�(du矛)姝よ泲鐧借唱(zh矛)鐨勫垎闆㈢磾鍖栨柟妗�銆�
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B. 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)閮ㄥ垎
I銆佽€冭│鐩(bi膩o)
II銆佽€冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
III銆佽€冩煡鑼冨湇
IV銆佽│椤屾ǎ鏉�
I銆佽€冭│鐩(bi膩o)
鏆ㄥ崡澶у(xu茅)銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│鐨勭洰妯�(bi膩o)锛岄噸榛�(di菐n)鍦ㄤ簬鑰冩煡鑰冪敓濡備笅骞惧€�(g猫)鏂归潰鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹癸細
1銆佸悇椤炴湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍛藉悕娉�銆佺暟妲�(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛銆佷富瑕佹€ц唱(zh矛)銆侀噸瑕佺殑鍚堟垚鏂�
娉�锛屼互鍙婂畠鍊戜箣闁撶殑闂�(gu膩n)绯汇€�2銆佸皪(du矛)鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ児(ji脿)閸电悊璜栧熀鏈蹇电殑鐞嗚В锛屽苟鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬瑙ｉ噵
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╁熀鏈祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮兘鍔�锛涢€氶亷闆诲瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍜岀珛楂旀晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄€�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗�
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绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囨€ц兘鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�3銆侀噸瑕佺殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽锛氳Κ闆诲拰瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽Κ闆诲拰瑕�
鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佹父闆㈠熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)绛夋绋嬨€�4銆佸皪(du矛)绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)鍜屽熀鏈�
鐞嗚珫鐨勭悊瑙ｏ紝骞惰兘鐢ㄤ簬瑙ｉ噵涓€浜涘弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€у晱椤�銆�5銆佸悇椤為噸瑕佹湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑
渚嗘簮銆佸埗娉曞強鍏朵富瑕佺敤閫�銆�
II銆佽€冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆併€婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬮儴鍒嗗垎?j菒n)?sh霉)
鈥滆棩瀛�(xu茅)缍滃悎鈥濊│鍗锋豢鍒� 300 鍒嗭紙鍏朵腑閮ㄥ垎 150 鍒嗭級锛岃€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁撳叡
180 鍒嗛悩銆�
浜屻€佺瓟椤屾柟寮�
绛旈鏂瑰紡鐐洪枆鍗�銆佺瓎瑭�锛岃€冪敓鐛�(d煤)绔嬪畬鎴愯€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
涓�銆佽│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u) 30%
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐞嗚珫闂�(gu膩n)绯� 30%
鏈夋(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng) 30%
鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛) 10%
鍥涖€佽│鍗烽鍨�
1. 鍛藉悕椤岋紙10%锛�
2. 瀵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忥紙10%锛�
3. 閬告搰椤岋紙10%锛�
4. 濉┖椤岋紙10%锛�
5. 瀹屾垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)寮忥紙30%锛�
6. 绨＄瓟椤岋紙20%锛�
7. 鍚堟垚椤岋紙10%锛�
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浜�銆佹帉鎻＄府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�銆�
涓�銆佹帉鎻′箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰殑浜掕畩鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞″強閰稿紡銆侀叜寮忓垎瑙�銆�
鍥涖€� 鎺屾彙 Claisen 閰晶鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝垎瀛愰枔鍙婂垎瀛愬収(n猫i)鐨� Dieckmann 绺悎锛夊強姗�(j墨)鐞�锛�
Dargen 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛� Michael 鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
浜斻€佷簡瑙ｄ箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰湪鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
绗崄鍥涚珷 鏈夋(j墨)鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�
銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�
涓€銆佺鍩哄寲鍚堢墿锛氶倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堥吀鎬�銆佷腑鎬у熀鍫挎€ч倓鍘燂紱鑱�(li谩n)鑻兒閲嶆帓锛�銆佺鍩�
灏�(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婅Κ鏍稿彇浠ｅ弽鏄犵殑褰遍熆銆佸惈 a-H 鐨勭鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勭府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)
浜�銆佽兒鐨勫垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕
涓夈€佽兒鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)
鍥�銆佽兒鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氬牽鎬у拰閵ㄩ菇鐨勭敓鎴�銆佺茎鍩哄寲銆�?锛涱嚡绐侀厠锛�?銆佷簽纭濆寲銆佽姵鐠�(hu谩n)
涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸叾瀹冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)
浜�銆佽兒鐨勫埗娉曪細姘ㄦ垨鑳虹殑缇ュ熀鍖�銆佺鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鐨勯倓鍘熴€佽厛鍜岄叞鑳虹殑閭勫師銆侀倓
鍘熸皑鍖�銆侀湇澶浖闄嶈В銆佸姞甯冪憺鐖惧悎鎴愭硶銆佹浖灏煎笇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鍏€佸閵ㄩ菇鍜屽閵ㄥ牽锛氬閵ㄩ菇銆佸閵ㄥ牽
涓冦€侀噸姘寲鍚堢墿鍜屽伓姘寲鍚堢墿锛氳姵棣欓噸姘菇銆佸伓姘寲鍚堢墿銆侀噸姘敳鐑�
銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�
涓€銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鍋舵爱鍖栧悎鐗╂€ц唱(zh矛)
浜�銆佹帉鎻★細纭濆熀鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涚鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鍙婅兒鐨勭墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涢噸姘菇鐨勫伓鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢噸姘�
楣界殑閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涢噸姘敳鐑风殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾€ц唱(zh矛)
涓�銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氱鍩哄皪(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婇劙銆佸皪(du矛)浣嶄笂鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鎬х殑褰遍熆鍜岄倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜伅(li谩n)鑻�
鑳洪噸鎺掑強鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涜兒鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲強鍛藉悕锛涜兒鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛堝牽鎬у強
鎴愰菇锛�?锛涱嚤鐩庨厠锛�?锛涗簽纭濆寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涜姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚儻鑳哄湪鍚堟垚涓婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)
鐢級锛涘閵ㄩ菇鍜屽閵ㄥ牽鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛圚ofmann 娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂湪鑳虹祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)娓�(c猫)瀹氫腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢級锛�
閲嶆爱楣界殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婂叾鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涜兒鐨勫埗娉曪紙鍖呮嫭 Gabriel 鍚堟垚娉曪級銆�
绗崄浜旂珷 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�
涓€銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕
浜�銆佸叚鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鍚″暥锛屽柟鍟夊拰鐣板柟鍟�銆佸惈姘у叚鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)銆佸惈鍏╁€�(g猫)闆滃師瀛愮殑
鍏厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)
涓�銆佷簲鍏冮洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鍛嬪杻銆佸櫥鍚╁拰鍚″挴锛涘惈鍏╁€�(g猫)闆滃師瀛愮殑浜斿厓鐠�(hu谩n)锛氬惒鍝氬拰鍢�
鍛�
銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�
涓€銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鍚插摎銆佸槍鍛ょ殑姣嶆牳鍙婄法铏�(h脿o)
浜�銆佹帉鎻★細鐒＄壒瀹氬悕绋辩闆滅挵(hu谩n)鐨勬瘝鏍稿懡鍚嶏細鍚″杻閰殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氬悺鍡�銆佸櫊鍡殑鍛藉悕锛�
鍢у暥鐨勮Κ闆诲強瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涘槯鍟堕鐨勫悎鎴�
涓�銆侀噸榛�(di菐n)鎺屾彙锛氬憢鍠�銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍜殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涜姵棣欐€�銆侀吀鍫挎€�銆佽Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涘憢
鍠冪敳閱涚殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涘挭鍞�銆佸悺鍞戙€佸櫥鍞戠殑鍛藉悕锛屼簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涘惒鍝氱殑瑕�
闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涘悺鍟剁殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅強鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涘柟鍟夊強鐣板柟鍟夌殑鍛藉悕鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬�
璩�(zh矛)锛涘柟鍟夌殑 Skraup 鍚堟垚娉曪紱鍢у暥鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸懡鍚嶅強姘存憾鎬�銆佸牽鎬�銆�
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绗崄涔濈珷 鍛ㄧ挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
銆愬熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹广€�
涓€銆侀浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
浜�銆佸垎瀛愯粚閬撳皪(du矛)绋卞畧鎭掑師鐞嗭細鍒嗗瓙杌岄亾銆佹垚閸佃粚閬撳拰鍙嶉嵉杌岄亾銆�1锛�3-涓佷簩鐑�
鐨� 蟺 闆诲瓙杌岄亾銆佸垎瀛愯粚閬撳皪(du矛)绋卞畧鎭掑師鐞�銆侀浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭悊璜栬В閲�
涓�銆佺挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氱挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佺挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭悊璜栬В閲�
銆愬熀鏈姹傘€�
涓€銆佷簡瑙ｏ紙鐞嗚В锛夛細鍒嗗瓙杌岄亾灏�(du矛)绋卞畧鎭掑師鐞�锛涢浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勭悊璜栬В閲嬶紱鐠�(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鐨勭悊璜栬В閲�
浜�銆佹帉鎻★細闆荤挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勮(gu墨)寰�
IV銆佽│椤屾ǎ鏉�
涓€銆佺敤绯荤当(t菕ng)鍛藉悕娉曞懡鍚嶄笅鍒楃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍖栧悎鐗╋紙15 鍒�锛�5?3锛�
1.
Br
2.
CH3
Cl H
Br H
CH2CH2CH3
浜�銆� 瀵嚭涓嬪垪鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍖栧(xu茅)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忥紙15 鍒�锛�5?3锛�
1. S-2-涓侀唶
2. Z-4-婧� 2-纰�-2-鎴婄儻
涓� 閬告搰椤� 锛�30 鍒�锛�15?2锛�
1. 涓嬪垪鍖栧悎鐗╀腑鍝竴绋槸鍙旇兒锛�
(C)(A) (B)NH2 (D) N
H
NHN
2. 鐢ㄤ笅鍒楀摢涓€绋│鍔戣兘灏囬叜缇板熀閭勫師鐐轰簽鐢插熀锛�
(A) Fe, HCl (B) NH2NH2, NaOH (C) NaBH4 (D) Zn, NaOH
3銆佸氨鍫挎€ц€岃█锛屼笅鍒楀寲鍚堢墿閭ｅ€�(g猫)鏈€澶э紙 锛�
NN
H
N
H
NH2
A. B. C. D.
鍥涖€佸畬鎴愪笅鍒楀弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�50 鍒嗭紝25?2锛�
CH CH
HgSO4 H2
SO4
CH3
CHO
CH3
CH2
CH2
CH2
OH(1)
,绋€
(A) OH- (B) (C)
H2
Ni
H2
O
13 / 13
(CH3
)2
C=CH2 C2
H5
Br
AlCl3
(2)
H
(A) (B)
(3)
H
CH3HO
C6H5
SOCl2
Et2O
CH3COONa
PTC/DCM
浜�銆佺啊绛旈 锛�20 鍒�锛�10?2锛�
1. 鎸囧嚭鍒嗗瓙寮忕偤 C5H10 鐨勭儻鐑寸殑鍚屽垎鐣版(g貌u)楂斾腑锛屽摢浜涘惈鏈変箼鐑熀銆佷笝鐑熀銆佺儻涓�
鍩�銆佺暟涓欑儻鍩�锛熷摢浜涙湁闋嗗弽鐣版(g貌u)楂�锛�
2銆佽│瀵嚭涓嬮潰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞�
N
NF3C
NH2
O
NH2
Br2, NaOH/H2O N
NF3C N
H
OH
鍏�銆佸悎鎴愰锛�20 鍒嗭紝10?2锛�
1. 灏�(du矛)-姘ㄧ敳鍩鸿嫰鐢查吀锛堢祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忓涓嬶級鍏锋湁姝㈣浣滅敤锛屾槸鑷ㄥ簥鏇剧稉(j墨ng)浣跨敤閬庣殑姝㈣钘�锛�
瑭︿互鐢茶嫰鍙婂繀瑕佺殑鐒℃(j墨)瑭﹀姂鍒╃敤鍚堢悊鐨勮矾绶氬悎鎴愪箣銆�
CH2NH2
COOH
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘紝璜�(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
