|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
鐐轰簡骞姪寤ｅぇ鑰冪敓寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鍌欒€�锛屼篃鎳�(y墨ng)寤ｅぇ鑰冪敓鐨勮姹�锛岀従(xi脿n)鎻愪緵鎴戞牎鑷懡椤屽皥妤�(y猫)
瑾茬殑鑰冭│澶х侗渚涜€冪敓涓嬭級?锛熷繉顚ｈ抖?f霉)缈�(x铆)鍌欒€冩檪(sh铆)锛屾噳(y墨ng)鍏ㄩ潰寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)锛屾垜鏍¤嚜鍛介灏堟キ(y猫)瑾�
鐨勮€冭│澶х侗鍍呬緵鍙冭€�銆�
涓婃捣闆诲姏瀛�(xu茅)闄� 2018 骞寸ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)寰�(f霉)瑭︺€婃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)鍘熺悊鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€嬭绋嬭€冭│澶х侗
瑾茬▼鍚嶇ū 鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)鍘熺悊鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�
鍙冭€冩浉(sh奴)鐩�
[1] 闆锋櫙鐢熴€佽憠鏂囩徍绛�锛屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)鍘熺悊鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢紙绗簩鐗堬級锛屾竻鑿ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鍑�
鐗堢ぞ锛�2015
[2] 鐜嬬強绛�锛屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)姒傝珫锛堢浜旂増锛夛紝楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀�
寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鐨勭附楂旇姹�
绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦版帉鎻℃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆佸熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鍩烘湰鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽湪鎺屾彙鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)鍩烘湰姒傚康
鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓�锛岃兘鐔熺反浣跨敤 SQL 瑾�(y菙)瑷€鍦ㄦ煇涓€鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绠＄悊绯荤当(t菕ng)锛堝 SQL Server銆丮ySQL锛変笂閫�(j矛n)琛�
鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)鎿嶄綔锛涙帉鎻℃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鏂规硶鍜屾椹�锛屽叿鏈夎ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)妯″紡浠ュ強闁�(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨�
鍩烘湰鑳藉姏銆�
寰�(f霉)缈�(x铆)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1. 绶掕珫
鑰冩牳瑕佹眰锛氫簡瑙ｆ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)绠＄悊鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑姝峰彶銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯珨绯荤祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫姛鑳�锛岀悊瑙ｆ暩(sh霉)
鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)涓夌礆(j铆)妯″紡鍜屽叐灞ゆ槧鍍忕殑楂旂郴绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯倧杓崹(d煤)绔嬫€у拰鐗╃悊鐛�(d煤)绔嬫€�锛屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)銆�
鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绠＄悊绯荤当(t菕ng)銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)妯″瀷鐨勬蹇�銆�
鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�1锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)绠＄悊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞� 锛�2锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勪笁绱�(j铆)妯″紡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛�3锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)
搴�(k霉)绠＄悊绯荤当(t菕ng)銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勬蹇碉紱 4锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绠＄悊绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勫熀鏈姛鑳�
2. 闂�(gu膩n)绯绘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫
鑰冩牳瑕佹眰锛氭帉鎻￠棞(gu膩n)绯绘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸畾缇╁強鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛涢棞(gu膩n)绯荤殑涓夐瀹屾暣鎬х磩鏉熺殑姒傚康锛涢棞(gu膩n)绯讳唬鏁�(sh霉)鍙婇棞(gu膩n)
绯讳唬鏁�(sh霉)涓殑鍚勭ó閬�(y霉n)绠楋紝浜嗚В闂�(gu膩n)绯绘紨绠楀強閬�(y霉n)绠�銆�
鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�1锛夐棞(gu膩n)绯绘ā鍨嬶紙鍖呮嫭闂�(gu膩n)绯绘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆侀棞(gu膩n)绯绘搷浣滈泦鍚�銆佷互鍙婇棞(gu膩n)绯诲畬鏁存€х磩鏉熶笁鍊�(g猫)
绲勬垚閮ㄥ垎锛夛紱2锛夐棞(gu膩n)绯讳唬鏁�(sh霉)鍙婇棞(gu膩n)绯婚亱(y霉n)绠楋紙鍖呮嫭骞�銆佷氦銆佸樊銆侀伕鎿�銆佹姇褰便€侀€ｆ帴銆侀櫎銆佸強寤ｇ京
绗涘崱鐖剧⿳绛夛級
3. 绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍖栨煡瑭㈣獮(y菙)瑷€ SQL
鑰冩牳瑕佹眰锛氫簡瑙� SQL 瑾�(y菙)瑷€鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟鍙插強鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佽鍦栫殑鍔熻兘锛涘湪浣跨敤鍏烽珨鐨� SQL 瑾�(y菙)鍙ユ檪(sh铆)锛岃兘鏈�
鎰忚瓨(sh铆)鍦板拰闂�(gu膩n)绯讳唬鏁�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛屾瘮杓�锛岀悊瑙ｄ粬鍊戜箣闁撶殑鑱�(li谩n)绯诲強鍚勮嚜鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛涚啛绶存纰哄湴鎺屾彙骞朵娇鐢�
SQL 瀹屾垚灏�(du矛)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)鐨勫畾缇┿€佹煡瑭�銆佹彃鍏�銆佸埅闄ゃ€佹洿鏂�銆佽鍦栨搷浣�銆�
鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛氶棞(gu膩n)绯绘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瑾�(y菙)瑷€ SQL锛屽寘鎷細1锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瀹氱京锛堝寘鎷磩鏉熺殑瀹氱京锛�锛�2锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏌ヨ
锛堝柈琛ㄦ煡瑭�銆佸琛ㄦ煡瑭級锛�3锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎿嶇副锛堟彃鍏�銆佷慨鏀广€佸埅闄わ級锛� 4锛夎鍦栫殑瀹氱京鍙婁娇鐢�
4. 闂�(gu膩n)绯绘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐞嗚珫
鑰冩牳瑕佹眰锛氱悊瑙ｄ粈涔堟槸涓€鍊�(g猫)"涓嶅ソ"鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)妯″紡锛屼粈涔堟槸妯″紡鐨勬彃鍏ョ暟甯稿拰鍒櫎鐣板父锛岃(gu墨)鑼�
鍖栫悊璜栫殑閲嶈鎰忕京锛涚墷鍥烘帉鎻℃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)渚濊炒鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆佽寖寮忕殑姒傚康銆佸緸 1NF 鍒� 4NF 鐨勫畾缇�銆佽(gu墨)
鑼冨寲鐨勫惈缇╁拰浣滅敤銆傞渶瑕佽垑涓€鍙嶄笁鐨勶細鍥涘€�(g猫)鑼冨紡鐨勭悊瑙ｈ垏鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�锛屽悇鍊�(g猫)绱�(j铆)鍒ヨ寖寮忎腑瀛樺湪鐨勫晱(w猫n)椤�
锛堟彃鍏ョ暟甯搞€佸埅闄ょ暟甯�銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍐椾綑锛夊拰瑙ｆ焙鏂规硶銆�
鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�1锛夐棞(gu膩n)绯绘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)閭忚集瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍙兘鍑虹従(xi脿n)鐨勫晱(w猫n)椤�锛�2锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)渚濊炒鐨勫熀鏈蹇碉紙鍖呮嫭锛氬嚱
鏁�(sh霉)渚濊炒銆佸钩鍑″嚱鏁�(sh霉)渚濊炒銆侀潪骞冲嚒鐨勫嚱鏁�(sh霉)渚濊炒銆侀儴鍒嗗嚱鏁�(sh霉)渚濊炒銆佸畬鍏ㄥ嚱鏁�(sh霉)渚濊炒銆佸偝閬炲嚱鏁�(sh霉)渚濊炒
鐨勬蹇�锛涚⒓銆佸€欓伕纰�銆佸纰肩殑姒傚康鍜屽畾缇╋紱澶氬€间緷璩寸殑姒傚康锛�锛�3锛夎寖寮忕殑姒傚康銆�1NF銆�2NF銆�
3NF銆丅CNF銆�4NF 鐨勬蹇靛拰鍒ゅ畾鏂规硶
5. 鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)
鑰冩牳瑕佹眰锛氱悊瑙ｆ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勬椹熷強鍚勬椹熺殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐩(bi膩o)銆佸叿楂旇ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€佽ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎻忚堪銆佽ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鏂�
娉�锛涙帉鎻℃暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)姒傚康绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍜岄倧杓祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)锛岄€欐槸鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑鏈€閲嶈鐨勫叐鍊�(g猫)鐠�(hu谩n)
绡€(ji茅)銆傜墷鍥烘帉鎻＄敤 E-R 鍦栦締(l谩i)琛ㄧず姒傚康妯″瀷鐨勬柟娉�锛屾帉鎻� E-R 鍦栫殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)锛孍-R 鍦栧悜闂�(gu膩n)绯绘ā鍨嬬殑杞�(zhu菐n)
鎻�銆�
鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�1锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勬蹇靛強鐗归粸(di菐n)锛�2锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐨勫熀鏈椹�锛屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍚勫€�(g猫)闅�
娈电殑瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鐩(bi膩o)銆佸叿楂旇ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆佽ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎻忚堪銆佽ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鏂规硶銆�
6. 鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瀹夊叏
鑰冩牳瑕佹眰锛氱悊瑙ｆ暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瀹夊叏鎬х殑姒傚康銆佸畨鍏ㄦ€у(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勫熀鏈€斿緫鍜屾柟娉曚互鍙婅鍦栨(j墨)鍒跺湪鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)
瀹夊叏淇濊(h霉)涓殑浣滅敤銆�
鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�1锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)瀹夊叏鎬х殑姒傚康 2锛夊瓨鍙栨帶鍒舵妧琛�(sh霉)銆佽鍦栨妧琛�(sh霉)鍜屽瑷�(j矛)鎶€琛�(sh霉)
7. 鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)淇濊(h霉)
鑰冩牳瑕佹眰锛氱悊瑙ｅ苟鐧�(f膩)鎺у埗瀛愮郴绲�(t菕ng)鍜屾暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎭㈠京(f霉)瀛愮郴绲�(t菕ng)灏�(du矛) DBMS 鐨勯噸瑕佹€э紝鐞嗚В涓嶅悓鏁呴殰鐨勯鍨�
鍙婃仮寰�(f霉)鏂规硶锛涚墷鍥烘帉鎻′簨鍕�(w霉)鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰浜嬪嫏(w霉)鐨� ACID 鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛屾帉鎻＄敤 SQL 瑾�(y菙)鍙ュ(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嬪嫏(w霉)瀹氱京銆�
鎻愪氦鎴栧洖婊�锛涙帉鎻″苟鐧�(f膩)鎿嶄綔鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)涓嶄竴鑷存€э紙涓熷け淇敼銆佷笉鍙噸寰�(f霉)璁€銆佽畝鈥滆嚐鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鈥濓級
鐨勭⒑鍒囧惈缇�锛涘皝閹栧崝(xi茅)璀拌垏鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)涓€鑷存€х殑闂�(gu膩n)绯伙紱骞剁櫦(f膩)瑾�(di脿o)搴︾殑鍙覆琛屾€ф蹇�锛涙帉鎻℃棩蹇楁枃浠跺湪鏁�(sh霉)
鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)鎭㈠京(f霉)涓殑閲嶈浣滅敤锛涚郴绲�(t菕ng)鏁呴殰銆佷粙璩�(zh矛)鏁呴殰鐨勬仮寰�(f霉)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍙婃柟娉曪紱鑳芥纰哄埗瀹氱郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勬仮寰�(f霉)绛�
鐣�锛屼繚璀夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)绯荤当(t菕ng)鍦ㄩ亣鍒版晠闅滄檪(sh铆)鑳藉強鏅�(sh铆)鎭㈠京(f霉)姝ｅ父閬�(y霉n)琛�锛屾彁楂樻姉鏁呴殰鎶楃伣(z膩i)闆ｇ殑鑳藉姏銆�
鑰冩牳鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)榛�(di菐n)锛�1锛変簨鍕�(w霉)鐨勬蹇靛強瀹氱京 2锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)骞剁櫦(f膩)鎺у埗鐨勫熀鏈蹇靛拰瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽寘鎷皝
閹栨妧琛�(sh霉)銆佸皝閹栧崝(xi茅)璀�銆佹椿閹栧拰姝婚帠鐨勬蹇�銆佸苟鐧�(f膩)瑾�(di脿o)搴︾殑鍙覆琛屾€с€佹矕绐佸彲涓茶鍖栬(di脿o)搴�銆佸叐娈甸帠
鍗�(xi茅)璀�銆佸皝閹栫殑绮掑害銆佹剰鍚戦帠銆�3锛夋暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)搴�(k霉)鎭㈠京(f霉)鎶€琛�(sh霉)锛屽寘鎷瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣ㄧ殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佹暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鎭㈠京(f霉)鐨勫師鍓囧拰
瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鏂规硶銆佹晠闅滈鍨嬬殑椤炲瀷鍙婂(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鏂规硶銆�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰�锛屽苟璜�(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹广€�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
