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瀛�(xu茅)
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锛�1锛夎€冭│鍩烘湰瑕佹眰
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鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傞渶瑕佸挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)鐨勬槸锛�
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姗�(j墨)闈為噾灞潗鏂欏拰鑱氬悎鐗╃瓑鏂归潰鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹归兘鍙兘娑夎冻鍒�锛屼絾浠ラ噾灞潗
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1. 鍥洪珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
1) 鍘熷瓙闁撶殑閸靛悎锛�2) 鏅堕珨榛�(di菐n)闄ｈ垏鏅堕珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛�3) 鍚堥噾鐩�锛�4)
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锛�1锛夎€冭│鍩烘湰瑕佹眰
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涓昏鍙冭€冩浉鐩細澶у(xu茅)宸ョ椤炴櫘閫氱墿鐞嗘暀鏉�銆傚锛氱▼瀹堟礄锛屾睙
涔嬫案涓荤法锛屾櫘閫氱墿鐞嗗(xu茅)锛堢浜旂増锛夛紝鍖椾含锛氶珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�1998
锛�2锛夎€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
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2.3 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)
锛�1锛夎€冭│鍩烘湰瑕佹眰
鏈€冭│澶х侗閬╃敤浜庡牨(b脿o)鑰冩繁鍦冲ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鏉愭枡瀛�(xu茅)闄㈢殑鏉愭枡绉戝(xu茅)鑸囧伐
绋嬪皥妤�(y猫)鐨勭ⅸ澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│?锛佹閿㈢牁鐦淲(xu茅)銆嬫槸鐐烘嫑鏀舵潗鏂欑瀛�(xu茅)
鑸囧伐绋嬪皥妤�(y猫)纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熻€岃ō(sh猫)绔嬬殑鍏锋湁閬告嫈鍔熻兘鐨勬按骞宠€冭│?锛佹?br/>鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│鐨勪富瑕佺洰鐨勬槸娓│鑰冪敓灏�(du矛)鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鍩烘湰姒傚康鍙婂悇闋�(xi脿ng)
鍏�(n猫i)瀹圭殑鎺屾彙绋嬪害銆傝姹傝€冪敓鑳藉叏闈㈢郴绲�(t菕ng)鍦扮悊瑙ｇ墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈
蹇�銆佸熀鏈悊璜�銆侀噸瑕佸畾寰嬫垨鍏紡锛岀啛绶存帉鎻＄墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈€濇兂
鍜屾柟娉�锛屽叿鏈変竴瀹氱殑鎶借薄鎬濈董鑳藉姏锛屽叿鏈夎純寮�(qi谩ng)鐨勯倧杓帹鐞嗚兘鍔涘拰
楂樼瓑鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)閬�(y霉n)绠楄兘鍔�锛屽叿鏈夌稖鍚堟噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ墍瀛�(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鍒嗘瀽鍜岃В姹哄晱椤岀殑鑳�
鍔涖€�
锛�2锛夎€冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1. 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥
绯荤当(t菕ng)鐞嗚В鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛屽绯荤当(t菕ng)鍜岀挵(hu谩n)澧�銆佺媭鎱�(t脿i)鍜岀媭鎱�(t脿i)鍑�
鏁�(sh霉)銆侀亷绋嬪拰閫斿緫銆佺啽鍔涘(xu茅)骞宠 銆佹簴(zh菙n)闈滄厠(t脿i)閬庣▼鍜屽彲閫嗛亷绋�銆佺啽銆佸姛銆�
鍏�(n猫i)鑳�銆佺創锛屼互鍙婂畾瀹圭啽瀹瑰拰瀹氬鐔卞绛夈€傛帉鎻＄啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥锛�
鐔熺反鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥瑷�(j矛)绠楃悊鎯虫埃楂斿湪瀹氭韩銆佸畾澹撱€佺禃鐔辩瓑閬�
绋嬩腑鐨� 螖U銆佄擧銆丵 鍜� W銆傜啛绶存噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ敓鎴愮創銆佺噧鐕掔創瑷�(j矛)绠楀弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐔�銆�
鐔熺反鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ搵鏂畾寰嬪拰鍩虹埦闇嶅か瀹氬緥銆備簡瑙ｇ瘈(ji茅)娴侀亷绋嬬殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婄劍鑰�
-婀閬滅郴鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫畾缇�銆�
2. 鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥
鐞嗚В鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勬剰缇┿€備簡瑙ｅ崱璜惧惊鐠�(hu谩n)锛岀悊瑙ｅ厠鍕炰慨鏂�
涓嶇瓑寮忕殑閲嶈鎬�銆傜啛瑷樼啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉) U銆丠銆丼銆丄銆丟 鐨勫畾缇�锛屽苟
鐞嗚В鍏剁墿鐞嗘剰缇�銆傜啛绶磋▓(j矛)绠椾竴浜涘父瑕嬮亷绋嬬殑 螖U銆佄擧銆佄擲銆佄擜
鍜� 螖G銆傜啛绶存噳(y墨ng)鐢� 螖S銆佄擜 鍜� 螖G 鍒ゆ柗涓嶅悓绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勮畩鍖栨柟鍚戝拰骞�
琛℃浠�銆傛帉鎻＄啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勯噸瑕侀棞(gu膩n)绯诲紡鍜� Maxwell 闂�(gu膩n)绯诲紡鍙�
鍏堕仼鐢ㄦ浠躲€傜啛绶撮亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ悏甯冩柉-浜ュ闇嶈尣鍏紡銆�
3. 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�
鐞嗚В鍋忔懇鐖鹃噺鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕㈢殑姒傚康銆傜啛绶存帉鎻℃媺鐑忕埦瀹氬緥鍜屼酣鍒�
瀹氬緥鍙婂叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€傜啛鎮夋憾娑叉績搴︾殑鍚勭ó琛ㄧず娉曞強鍏剁浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯�銆備簡瑙�
鐞嗘兂娑叉厠(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗┿€佺█婧舵恫鑸囧(sh铆)闅涙憾娑蹭笁鑰呯殑鍗€(q奴)鍒ュ拰鑱�(li谩n)绯�銆傜悊瑙ｅ苟
鐔熺反鎺屾彙鐞嗘兂绯荤当(t菕ng)锛堢悊鎯虫埃楂�銆佺悊鎯虫恫鎱�(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗┿€佺悊鎯崇█婧舵恫锛�
涓悇绲勫垎鍖栧(xu茅)鍕㈢殑琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忓強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€傛帉鎻℃贩鍚堥亷绋嬬殑鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)
鏀硅畩閲忕殑瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉�銆傜悊瑙ｇ█婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬у強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ苟鎺屾彙鐩告噳(y墨ng)鐨�
瑷�(j矛)绠楀叕寮忋€�
4. 鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠
鑳藉寰炲寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕㈢殑瑙掑害鐞嗚В鍖栧(xu茅)骞宠 鐨勬剰缇�銆傛帉鎻″寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨�
鑸囨(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆傜悊瑙ｅ苟鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绛夋韩寮忥紙鑼冪壒
闇嶅か绛夋韩鏂圭▼锛夌殑鎰忕京鑸囨噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€傝兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ拰鍒ゆ柗鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯檺搴﹀拰
鏂瑰悜銆傛帉鎻″悇绋钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勮〃绀哄紡鍙婂叾鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆備簡瑙ｅ钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)
鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娓畾鏂规硶銆傜悊瑙ｅ钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鑸囨韩搴�銆佸鍔涚殑闂�(gu膩n)绯诲拰鎯版€ф埃楂�
灏�(du矛)骞宠 绲勬垚鐨勫奖闊�锛屾帉鎻℃(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)骞宠 甯告暩(sh霉)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐗╁钩琛¤綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫巼鍙婄郴
绲�(t菕ng)骞宠 娣峰悎鐗╃祫鎴愮殑瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉�銆�
5. 澶氱浉骞宠
鐞嗚В骞剁啛绶存帉鎻＄浉銆佺祫鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)鍜岃嚜鐢卞害鐨勬蹇碉紝鐞嗚В鐩稿緥骞舵帉
鎻″叾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傛帉鎻″厠鎷変僵榫嶆柟绋嬪拰鍏嬪嫗淇柉-鍏嬫媺浣╅緧鏂圭▼銆傜悊瑙�
鐗╃郴榛�(di菐n)銆佺浉榛�(di菐n)绛夋蹇�锛屾帉鎻℃潬妗胯(gu墨)鍓囧湪鐩稿湒涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傛帉鎻″柈绲�
鍒嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)鍜屼簩绲勫垎绯荤当(t菕ng)鍏稿瀷鐩稿湒鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屾帉鎻￠洐娑茬郴瀹屽叏浜掓憾楂旂郴
鐨勭浉鍦�锛岀悊瑙ｅ叾 p-x 鍦栧拰 T-x 鍦�锛屼簡瑙ｈ捀椁惧拰绮鹃ぞ鐨勫熀鏈師鐞�銆�
鍦ㄤ簩绲勫垎鍥�-娑茬郴绲�(t菕ng)涓�锛屾帉鎻＄啊鍠綆鍏辩啍娣峰悎鐗╃郴绲�(t菕ng)鍜屾湁鍖栧悎鐗�
鐢熸垚鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭浉鍦栵紝绲�(ji茅)鍚堢浉寰嬬悊瑙ｇ敱姝ュ喎鏇茬窔绻埗鐩稿湒鍜屾牴鎿�(j霉)鐩�
鍦栭爯(y霉)娓鍐锋洸绶氱殑鍘熺悊銆�
6. 闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)
鐞嗚В闆诲皫(d菐o)鐜�銆佹懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜�銆佹サ闄愭懇鐖鹃浕灏�(d菐o)鐜囩殑鎰忕京鍙婂叾鑸囨憾
娑叉績搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆傛帉鎻￠洟瀛愮崹(d煤)绔嬮亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)瀹氬緥鍙婇浕灏�(d菐o)娓畾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傜悊瑙�
闄版サ銆侀櫧妤�銆佹妤�銆佽矤(f霉)妤电瓑闆绘サ鐨勫懡鍚嶅師鍓�銆傜悊瑙ｉ浕妤甸浕鍕㈢敘(ch菐n)鐢�
鐨勫師鍥�銆傝兘鐔熺反瀵嚭闆绘サ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄浕姹犲弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆傝兘灏囩啊鍠殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鎴愰浕姹�銆傜啛绶存帉鎻＄敱闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瑷�(j矛)绠楅浕姹犲弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨� 螖rHm銆佄攔Gm銆�
螖rSm 鍜� Qr 绛夌啽鍔涘(xu茅)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鐨勬柟娉�銆傜啛绶存帉鎻￠浕妤甸浕鍕�銆侀浕姹犻浕鍕�(d貌ng)
鍕㈢殑瑷�(j矛)绠楀拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傜悊瑙ｉ亷闆诲嫝鐨勬蹇靛拰妤靛寲鐝�(xi脿n)璞＄敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍘熷洜銆備簡
瑙ｅ垎瑙ｉ浕澹撶殑姒傚康鍜岄浕瑙ｆ檪(sh铆)鐨勯浕妤靛弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆備簡瑙ｉ亷闆诲嫝鍦ㄩ浕瑙ｄ腑鐨�
浣滅敤銆傝兘瑷�(j矛)绠椾竴浜涚啊鍠殑闆昏В鍒嗛洟鍟忛銆備簡瑙ｉ噾灞厫铦曠殑姗�(j墨)鐞嗗拰
鍚勭ó闃茶厫鏂规硶銆�
7. 琛ㄩ潰鐝�(xi脿n)璞¤垏鍒嗘暎绯荤当(t菕ng)
鐞嗚В琛ㄩ潰鑳藉拰琛ㄩ潰寮靛姏鐨勬蹇�锛屼簡瑙ｈ〃闈㈠嫉鍔涜垏婧害鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�銆�
鐔熺反鎺屾彙褰庢洸琛ㄩ潰涓婇檮鍔犲鍔涜垏鏇茬巼鍗婂緫闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑鎷夋櫘鎷夋柉鍏紡锛�
浠ュ強褰庢洸琛ㄩ潰涓婅捀姘ｅ鑸囨洸鐜囧崐寰戦棞(gu膩n)绯荤殑闁嬬埦鏂囧叕寮�銆傜啛绶撮亱(y霉n)鐢�
涓婅堪姒傚康鍜屽師鐞嗚В閲嬪父瑕嬬殑鑸囪〃闈㈡湁闂�(gu膩n)鐨勭従(xi脿n)璞°€傜悊瑙ｆ饯婵�銆侀嫪灞�
鍜屾瘺绱�(x矛)绠＄従(xi脿n)璞★紝鎺屾彙鎺ヨЦ瑙掕垏鐣岄潰寮靛姏鐨� Young 鍏紡銆傛帉鎻＄墿
鐞嗗惛闄勫拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍚搁檮鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒ャ€傛帉鎻� Langmuir 鍚搁檮鐞嗚珫瑕侀粸(di菐n)銆備簡瑙�
鍚夊竷鏂惛闄勭瓑婧紡鍜� BET 鍏紡銆傜悊瑙ｈ〃闈㈡椿鎬у姂鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆佸垎椤�
鍜屼綔鐢�銆傛帉鎻℃憾鑶犵殑闆绘€ц唱(zh矛)銆佹憾鑶犵殑鑱氭矇鍜岀诞鍑濅互鍙婃憾鑶犵殑鍒跺倷
鍜屾憾鑶犵矑瀛愮殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
8. 鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛堝寘鎷吀鍨嬪京(f霉)鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
鐞嗚В鍩哄厓鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)銆侀€熺巼绯绘暩(sh霉)绛夊熀鏈蹇�锛屾帉鎻¤唱(zh矛)閲�
浣滅敤瀹氬緥銆傛帉鎻″弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫畾缇╀互鍙婂叾缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忥紝鑳藉鏍规摎(j霉)瀹�
缇╁拰缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忔帹灏�(d菐o)涓€绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鍏紡銆傝兘鐔熺反閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄤ竴绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鍜岀啊鍠簩绱�(j铆)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鍏紡锛堝井鍒嗗舰寮忓拰绌嶅垎褰㈠紡锛夐€�(j矛n)琛岀浉闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)
绠椼€備簡瑙ｇ敱瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)纰哄畾鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫父鐢ㄦ柟娉�銆傛帉鎻￠樋绱凹鐑忔柉
鍏紡鐨勫悇绋舰寮忥紝浠ュ強婧害鍜屾椿鍖栬兘灏�(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熷害鐨勫奖闊胯(gu墨)寰�锛岃兘
鐔熺反閫�(j矛n)琛岀浉闂�(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠椼€傜悊瑙ｆ椿鍖栬兘鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇�銆傛帉鎻′笁绋吀鍨嬪京(f霉)鍚�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝皪(du矛)宄欏弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸钩琛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岄€ｇ簩(x霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛夌殑姒傚康鍜岀壒榛�(di菐n)锛屼簡瑙ｅ京(f霉)
鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鎺у埗姝ラ娉曘€佺┅(w臎n)鎱�(t脿i)娉曡垏骞宠 婵冨害娉曠瓑杩戜技铏曠悊鏂规硶銆�
锛�3锛夎€冭│鍩烘湰椤屽瀷
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