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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞达紝2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅) 2018 骞�
纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
绉戠洰浠ｇ⒓銆佸悕绋�: 616 钘ュ(xu茅)缍滃悎锛堚厾锛夛紙鍚湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆佸垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)锛�
灏堟キ(y猫)椤炲垾锛� 鈭氬(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)鍨� 鈻″皥妤�(y猫)瀛�(xu茅)浣�
閬╃敤灏堟キ(y猫): 钘ュ(xu茅)
涓€銆佸熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹�
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)锛堝叾涓(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)绱勫崰 20%锛�
1. 绶掕珫顎�
鍖栧(xu茅)閸佃垏闆滃寲杌岄亾鐞嗚珫锛汢ronsted 閰稿牽鐞嗚珫鑸� Lewis 閰稿牽鐞嗚珫銆�
2. 鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇
鐑风兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚嶏紝妲�(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆傝剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆傜挵(hu谩n)宸茬兎鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑妲�(g貌u)璞�銆傜兎鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�
鈶犻沟鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婅嚜鐢卞熀鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛涒憽姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傜挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳嚜鐢卞熀鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾哀
鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
3. 鐑兇鍜岀倲鐑�
鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚�锛屾(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆侀爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆傚寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1.鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氣憼瑕浕鍔犳垚锛氬姞
楣电礌锛屽姞楣靛寲姘�(鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛岃獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛岀⒊姝ｉ洟瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰纰虫闆㈠瓙鐨勯噸鎺�)锛岀〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥伕
鎿囨€э級锛涒憽鍌寲姘寲锛涒憿鑷敱鍩哄姞鎴愬強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛�2.闆欓嵉鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�3.伪-姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶沟浠ｏ紙鐑笝鍩�
鑷敱鍩猴級銆佹哀鍖�銆傜儻鐑寸殑鍒舵硶鍜岄憭鍒�銆傜倲鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬姞姘�銆佽Κ闆诲姞鎴�(鍔�
楣电礌銆佸姞楣靛寲姘�锛屽姞姘�)锛涒憽姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憿娲绘綉姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懀鐐旂兇鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆�
4.浜岀儻鐑搭€勫叡杌涢珨绯�
浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�銆傚叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(1,4 鍙� 1,2-鍔犳垚)锛涒憽Diels-Alder 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
鐠�(hu谩n)鐑兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
5. 鑺崇兇鍜岃姵棣欐€�
鑺崇兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1.瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�2.姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝伌(c猫)閺堟哀鍖栵級锛�3.鍋�(c猫)閺堝彇浠�锛�4.瑕浕
鍙栦唬锛氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽畾浣嶈(gu墨)鍓囧強娲诲寲浣滅敤锛岀悊璜栬В閲�(闆诲瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛岀┖闁撴晥鎳�(y墨ng))锛岄洐鍙栦唬鍩哄畾浣嶈(gu墨)鍓囧強鐞嗚珫
瑙ｉ噵锛屽畾浣嶈(gu墨)鍓囩殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€傝伅(li谩n)鑻�銆佺鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇銆佽悩鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傝姵棣欑祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(浼戝厠鐖捐(gu墨)鍓囥€侀潪鑻姵鐑�)銆�
甯歌瑕浕瑭﹀姂鐨勫垎椤炪€�
6. 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
鍒嗗瓙鐨勫皪(du矛)绋卞洜绱�銆傚惈涓€鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫寲鍚堢墿鐨勬棆鍏夌暟妲�(g貌u)锛屽娑堟棆楂旇垏澶栨秷鏃嬪寲銆傚惈鍏╁€�(g猫)鎵嬫€�
纰冲師瀛愮殑鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)锛屽皪(du矛)鏄犻珨锛岄潪灏�(du矛)鏄犻珨锛屽収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂�銆傛(g貌u)鍨嬬殑纰哄畾銆佹(bi膩o)瑷樺拰琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆傜挵(hu谩n)鐙€
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绔嬮珨鐣版(g貌u)銆傜珛楂斿皥涓€鎬у拰绔嬮珨閬告搰鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
7. 楣典唬鐑�
楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚�銆傞沟浠ｇ兎鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1.瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婃绋�(SN1 鍜� SN2)锛�2.娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛毼� -娑�
闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼(E1 鍜� E2)锛屾秷闄ゆ柟鍚戯紝鍙栦唬鑸囨秷闄ょ殑绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)锛�3. 楣典唬鐑疯垏閲戝爆浣滅敤(鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂锛岀兎鍩洪嫲)銆傞沟浠�
鐑寸殑鍒跺倷锛�4. 甯歌瑕牳瑭﹀姂鐨勮Κ鏍告€у拰鍫挎€�銆�
8. 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑娉㈣瓬鍒嗘瀽
鏍哥鍏辨尟锛氬睆钄芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱狅紝鑷棆鍋跺悎-瑁傚垎銆�
1
H NMR 鍦栬瓬鍒嗘瀽銆傝唱(zh矛)璀滐細鍒嗗瓙闆�
瀛�銆佺鐗囬洟瀛愬拰鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬帹鏂�銆傜磪澶栧厜璀�: 瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸惛鏀讹紝璀滃湒鍒嗘瀽銆�
9. 閱囧拰閰�
閱囷細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鑸囨椿娼戦噾灞殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憽缇ュ熀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶沟浠�銆佽劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憿姘�
鍖栬垏鑴矮銆傞唶鐨勫埗鍌�銆�
閰氾細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼閰氱茎鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶吀鎬�銆佹垚閰�銆佹垚閱�锛涒憽鑺崇挵(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
10. 閱氬拰鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿
閱氳垏鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿锛氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�銆傚寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶亷(gu貌)姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岀挵(hu谩n)閱氱殑闁嬬挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�銆�
11. 閱涘拰閰€�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕锛岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婃绋�锛涒憽伪 -姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憿姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
鈶ｉ倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懁姝у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞啗閰殑鍒跺倷鑸囬憭鍒�銆偽� 銆佄� -涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
12. 缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗�銆佄� -浜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿
缇ч吀锛氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼閰告€э紱鈶＄晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勭敓鎴�锛岃Κ鏍稿姞鎴�-娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涒憿閭勫師鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懀鑴晶鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒懁伪 -姘師瀛愮殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╋細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�銆傚寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)鍖�锛涒憽鑸囨湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憿閰拌兒
Hofmann 闄嶈В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢細鈶犻叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憽涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝銆佷笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰強椤炰技鐗╃殑伪 -姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍦ㄥ悎
鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
13. 鏈夋(j墨)鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�
纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╋細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憽纭濆熀灏�(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婂叾瀹冨彇浠ｅ熀鐨勫奖闊裤€�
鑳猴細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼闇嶅か鏇兼秷闄�锛涒憽?锛涱姮?锛涒憿鑸囦簽纭濋吀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒懀鑸囬啗閰弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懁鑺宠兒
鐨勭壒娈婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鑸囦簽纭濋吀浣滅敤銆佹哀鍖栥€佽姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))銆�
閲嶆爱鍜屽伓姘寲鍚堢墿锛氶噸姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘菇鐨勫埗鍌欏強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚伓鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘敳鐑�銆�
鑵堝拰鐣拌厛鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
14. 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃姵棣欐€с€備簲鍏冨柈闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�(鍛嬪杻銆佸櫥鍚┿€佸悺鍜�)銆佸叚鍏冨柈闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋紙鍚″暥銆佸柟
鍟夛級锛氬寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(瑕浕鍙栦唬)绛�銆�
15. 鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚
鐢辨寚瀹氬師鏂欏嚭鐧�(f膩)锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚堟垚璺窔銆傜啛鎮夛細鈶犲熀鏈⒊楠ㄦ灦鐨勬(g貌u)鎴�(澧為張鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹笡閺堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
鎴愮挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))锛涒憽鍦ㄧ⒊楠ㄦ灦鍚堥仼鐨勪綅缃笂寮曞叆鎵€闇€鐨勫畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)(瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勫紩鍏�銆侀櫎鍘诲強杞�(zhu菐n)鍖栵紝閫嗗悎鎴愬垎鏋�)锛涒憿
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€с€佷繚璀�(h霉)鍩哄拰灏�(d菐o)鍚戝熀锛涒懀绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鎺у埗銆�
16. 鏈夋(j墨)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)
鎺屾彙鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹夊叏鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)锛屽父鐢ㄥ(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍎€鍣ㄧ殑浣跨敤鍜屽(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瑁濈疆鐨勬惌寤�锛涙帉鎻＄墿璩�(zh矛)骞茬嚗銆侀噸绲�(ji茅)鏅�銆佽悆
鍙�銆佽捀椁�銆佹煴灞ゆ瀽绛夊垎闆㈡柟娉曪紱鐔熸倝鐔旈粸(di菐n)鍜屾哺榛�(di菐n)鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹�锛岀啛鎮夊垎椁俱€佽杽灞よ壊璀�銆佹笡澹撹捀椁俱€佹按钂告苯钂搁ぞ
绛夋搷浣�锛涙帉鎻″父瑕嬪寲鍚堢墿鍒跺倷鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娉ㄦ剰浜嬮爡(xi脿ng)锛屽苟鑳芥牴鎿�(j霉)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐝�(xi脿n)璞″拰绲�(ji茅)鏋滐紝鍒嗘瀽鍏跺師鍥�銆�
鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)锛堝叾涓(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鑷冲皯鍗� 20%锛�
1锛庡垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)姒傝堪
鐞嗚В瑾ゅ樊銆佽宸殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷師鍥犲拰娓涘厤鏂规硶锛涙簴(zh菙n)纰哄害銆佺簿瀵嗗害鍙婂叾鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛�
鎺屾彙绲曞皪(du矛)瑾ゅ樊銆佺浉灏�(du矛)瑾ゅ樊銆佸亸宸€佸钩鍧囧亸宸�銆佺浉灏�(du矛)骞冲潎鍋忓樊銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍋忓樊銆佺浉灏�(du矛)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍋忓樊鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆�
琛ㄧず鏂规硶鍙婂叾瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱
鎺屾彙鏈夋晥鏁�(sh霉)瀛�銆佹湁鏁堟暩(sh霉)瀛椾綅淇磩瑕�(gu墨)鍓囥€佹湁鏁堟暩(sh霉)瀛楃殑閬�(y霉n)绠楁硶锛�
鎺屾彙椤憲鎬у樊鐣扮殑鍩烘湰姒傚康鍜岀洰鐨勫強妾㈤(y脿n)鏂规硶銆佸钩鍧囧€肩殑缃俊鍗€(q奴)闁撳惈缇╄垏瑷�(j矛)绠�锛決 妾㈤(y脿n)娉曞皪(du矛)鍙枒鍊�
閫�(j矛n)琛屽彇鑸嶃€�
2锛庢淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶
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瀹�銆佽│鍔戠殑绱斿害鑸囩瓑绱�(j铆)绛夛級锛�
鎺屾彙婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑婊村畾鏂瑰紡鍙婂叾灏�(du矛)婊村畾鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勮姹�锛�
鎺屾彙鐩存帴娉曢厤鍒舵(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋嬪強鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬浠�锛涢枔鎺ユ硶閰嶅埗妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋嬩互鍙婄敤浜庢(bi膩o)瀹氱殑鍩烘簴(zh菙n)鐗�
鐨勬浠�锛屾帉鎻℃(bi膩o)瀹� HCl 鍜� NaOH 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勫父鐢ㄥ熀婧�(zh菙n)鐗�锛�
鎺屾彙鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勯噺涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯诲強婵冨害鍜屾淮瀹氬害鐨勮〃绀恒€�
3锛庨吀鍫挎淮瀹氭硶
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鎺屾彙鍏辫粵閰稿牽灏�(du矛) Ka锛堟垨 Kb锛夋眰绠� Kb锛堟垨 Ka锛�锛�
鎺屾彙婧舵恫鐨勬憾娑插钩琛℃績搴�銆佸垎鏋愭績搴︼紙绺芥績搴︼級鐨勬蹇靛強琛ㄧず锛�
鎺屾彙璩�(zh矛)瀛愭浠跺紡銆佽唱(zh矛)閲忓钩琛�銆侀浕鑽峰钩琛°€佸垎甯冪郴鏁�(sh霉)绛夋蹇靛苟瑷�(j矛)绠楀悇绋吀鍫块珨绯� pH 鍊�锛�
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
鎺屾彙涓€鍏冨急閰革紙鍫匡級銆佸鍏冨急閰革紙鍫匡級銆佸叐鎬х墿璩�(zh矛)銆佺珐娌栨憾娑� pH 鍊肩殑鏈€绨�(ji菐n)寮忓強瑷�(j矛)绠�锛�
鎺屾彙甯哥敤鐨勭珐娌栨憾娑插強閰嶅埗鏂规硶銆佺珐娌栬寖鍦嶏紱
浜嗚В閰稿牽婊村畾鏇茬窔鐨勭躬鍒堕亷(gu貌)绋�锛涚悊瑙ｆ淮瀹氱獊韬嶅強褰遍熆婊村畾绐佽簫澶у皬鐨勫洜绱犲強涓€鍏冨急閰革紙鍫匡級鐨勬簴(zh菙n)纰�
婊村畾姊濅欢銆佸鍏冮吀锛堝牽锛夋簴(zh菙n)纰烘淮瀹氭浠�銆佹贩鍚堥吀锛堝牽锛夋簴(zh菙n)纰烘淮瀹氭浠�锛�
鎸囩ず鍔戠殑璁婅壊鍘熺悊銆佺悊璜栬畩鑹茶寖鍦嶃€佺悊璜栬畩鑹查粸(di菐n)鍜岄厷閰�銆佺敳鍩烘鐨勫(sh铆)闅涜畩鑹茶寖鍦嶅拰椤忚壊璁婂寲鎯呮硜锛�
鎸囩ず鍔戠殑閬告搰鍘熷墖锛�
鎺屾彙閰稿牽婊村畾鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷�(j矛)绠楋紝浜嗚В绛夐噺榛�(di菐n)鑸囨淮瀹氱祩榛�(di菐n) pH 鍊艰▓(j矛)绠楀強瑾ゅ樊瑷�(j矛)绠�锛�
浜嗚В闈炴按閰稿牽婊村畾娉曞熀鏈師鐞嗗強甯哥敤鐨勬淮瀹氬姂銆佹寚绀哄姂銆�
浜嗚В閰稿牽婊村畾娉曞湪钘ュ(xu茅)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
4锛庣怠(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氭硶
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鐞嗚В绲�(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氭硶灏�(du矛)绲�(lu貌)鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮姹�锛�
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瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫惈缇╄垏瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱
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鎸囩ず鍔戯紙浜岀敳閰氭銆侀壔榛� T锛�锛涙贩鍚堥洟瀛愮殑鍒嗗垾婊村畾锛�
浜嗚В绲�(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氭洸绶氱殑绻埗閬�(gu貌)绋嬪強褰遍熆婊村畾绐佽簫鐨勫洜绱�銆�
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5锛庢哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭硶
鎺屾彙闆绘サ闆讳綅銆佹浠堕浕妤甸浕浣�銆佸钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)銆佹浠跺钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�锛�
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鎺屾彙甯哥敤鐨勬哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭硶锛堥噸閴婚吀閴€娉曘€侀珮閷抽吀閴€娉�銆佺閲忔硶銆佹捍閲忔硶锛夊師鐞嗐€佸父鐢ㄦ寚绀哄姂绋
鍙婂叾閬告搰鍘熷墖銆佺祼(ji茅)鏋滆▓(j矛)绠楋紱
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娌夋穩锛夌殑褰遍熆锛�
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7锛庨浕浣嶅垎鏋愭硶
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
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鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛�
鎺屾彙鐜荤拑闆绘サ鐨勬(g貌u)閫犲拰鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛�
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8锛庣传澶�-鍙鍏夊垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶
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9锛庣磪澶栧垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶
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