|
鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅) 2018 骞�
纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
绉戠洰浠ｇ⒓銆佸悕绋�: 616 钘ュ(xu茅)缍滃悎锛堚厾锛夛紙鍚湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆佸垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)锛�
灏堟キ(y猫)椤炲垾锛� 鈭氬(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)鍨� 鈻″皥妤�(y猫)瀛�(xu茅)浣�
閬╃敤灏堟キ(y猫): 钘ュ(xu茅)
涓€銆佸熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹�
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)锛堝叾涓(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)绱勫崰 20%锛�
1. 绶掕珫顎�
鍖栧(xu茅)閸佃垏闆滃寲杌岄亾鐞嗚珫锛汢ronsted 閰稿牽鐞嗚珫鑸� Lewis 閰稿牽鐞嗚珫銆�
2. 鐑风兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇
鐑风兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚�锛屾(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆傝剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚嶃€傜挵(hu谩n)宸茬兎鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗╃殑妲�(g貌u)璞�銆傜兎鐑寸殑鍖栧(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�
鈶犻沟鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婅嚜鐢卞熀鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛涒憽姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傜挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氳嚜鐢卞熀鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾哀
鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
3. 鐑兇鍜岀倲鐑�
鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚嶏紝妲�(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆侀爢?l猫)涓叉偐?g貌u)鍙婂叾琛ㄧず鏂规硶?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1.鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氣憼瑕浕鍔犳垚锛氬姞
楣电礌锛屽姞楣靛寲姘�(鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛岃獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛岀⒊姝ｉ洟瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹氭€у拰纰虫闆㈠瓙鐨勯噸鎺�)锛岀〖姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堥伕
鎿囨€э級锛涒憽鍌寲姘寲锛涒憿鑷敱鍩哄姞鎴愬強鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姝风▼锛�2.闆欓嵉鐨勬哀鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�3.伪-姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶沟浠ｏ紙鐑笝鍩�
鑷敱鍩猴級銆佹哀鍖�銆傜儻鐑寸殑鍒舵硶鍜岄憭鍒ャ€傜倲鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚�銆傚寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氬姞姘�銆佽Κ闆诲姞鎴�(鍔�
楣电礌銆佸姞楣靛寲姘�锛屽姞姘�)锛涒憽姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憿娲绘綉姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懀鐐旂兇鐨勫埗鍌欒垏閼掑垾銆�
4.浜岀儻鐑搭€勫叡杌涢珨绯�
浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚嶃€傚叡杌涗簩鐑兇鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)(1,4 鍙� 1,2-鍔犳垚)锛涒憽Diels-Alder 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
鐠�(hu谩n)鐑兇鍜岀挵(hu谩n)浜岀儻鐑寸殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
5. 鑺崇兇鍜岃姵棣欐€�
鑺崇兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1.瑕浕鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�2.姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝伌(c猫)閺堟哀鍖栵級锛�3.鍋�(c猫)閺堝彇浠�锛�4.瑕浕
鍙栦唬锛氬弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼锛屽畾浣嶈(gu墨)鍓囧強娲诲寲浣滅敤锛岀悊璜栬В閲�(闆诲瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛岀┖闁撴晥鎳�(y墨ng))锛岄洐鍙栦唬鍩哄畾浣嶈(gu墨)鍓囧強鐞嗚珫
瑙ｉ噵锛屽畾浣嶈(gu墨)鍓囩殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傝伅(li谩n)鑻€佺鐠�(hu谩n)鑺崇兇銆佽悩鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆傝姵棣欑祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)(浼戝厠鐖捐(gu墨)鍓�銆侀潪鑻姵鐑�)銆�
甯歌(ji脿n)瑕浕瑭﹀姂鐨勫垎椤�銆�
6. 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)
鍒嗗瓙鐨勫皪(du矛)绋卞洜绱犮€傚惈涓€鍊�(g猫)鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勫寲鍚堢墿鐨勬棆鍏夌暟妲�(g貌u)锛屽娑堟棆楂旇垏澶栨秷鏃嬪寲銆傚惈鍏╁€�(g猫)鎵嬫€�
纰冲師瀛愮殑鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)锛屽皪(du矛)鏄犻珨锛岄潪灏�(du矛)鏄犻珨锛屽収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂�銆傛(g貌u)鍨嬬殑纰哄畾銆佹(bi膩o)瑷樺拰琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆傜挵(hu谩n)鐙€
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绔嬮珨鐣版(g貌u)銆傜珛楂斿皥涓€鎬у拰绔嬮珨閬告搰鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
7. 楣典唬鐑�
楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛鍜屽懡鍚嶃€傞沟浠ｇ兎鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛�1.瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婃绋�(SN1 鍜� SN2)锛�2.娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛毼� -娑�
闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼(E1 鍜� E2)锛屾秷闄ゆ柟鍚�锛屽彇浠ｈ垏娑堥櫎鐨勭(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)锛�3. 楣典唬鐑疯垏閲戝爆浣滅敤(鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂锛岀兎鍩洪嫲)銆傞沟浠�
鐑寸殑鍒跺倷锛�4. 甯歌(ji脿n)瑕牳瑭﹀姂鐨勮Κ鏍告€у拰鍫挎€�銆�
8. 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑娉㈣瓬鍒嗘瀽
鏍哥鍏辨尟锛氬睆钄芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱�锛岃嚜鏃嬪伓鍚�-瑁傚垎銆�
1
H NMR 鍦栬瓬鍒嗘瀽銆傝唱(zh矛)璀滐細鍒嗗瓙闆�
瀛�銆佺鐗囬洟瀛愬拰鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勬帹鏂�銆傜磪澶栧厜璀�: 瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勭壒寰佸惛鏀讹紝璀滃湒鍒嗘瀽銆�
9. 閱囧拰閰�
閱囷細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鑸囨椿娼戦噾灞殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憽缇ュ熀鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛氶沟浠�銆佽劔姘村弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憿姘�
鍖栬垏鑴矮銆傞唶鐨勫埗鍌�銆�
閰氾細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼閰氱茎鍩虹殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氶吀鎬�銆佹垚閰�銆佹垚閱氾紱鈶¤姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
10. 閱氬拰鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿
閱氳垏鐠�(hu谩n)姘у寲鍚堢墿锛氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氶亷(gu貌)姘у寲鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岀挵(hu谩n)閱氱殑闁�(k膩i)鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�銆�
11. 閱涘拰閰€�
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佸垎椤炲拰鍛藉悕锛岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍙婃绋嬶紱鈶∥� -姘師瀛愮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憿姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�
鈶ｉ倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懁姝у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆傞啗閰殑鍒跺倷鑸囬憭鍒�銆偽� 銆佄� -涓嶉＝鍜岄啗閰殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
12. 缇ч吀鍙婂叾琛嶇敓鐗�銆佄� -浜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿
缇ч吀锛氱祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼閰告€�锛涒憽缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鐢熸垚锛岃Κ鏍稿姞鎴�-娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涒憿閭勫師鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懀鑴晶鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒懁伪 -姘師瀛愮殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╋細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鐩镐簰杞�(zhu菐n)鍖�锛涒憽鑸囨湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒憿閰拌兒
Hofmann 闄嶈В鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
纰宠矤(f霉)闆㈠瓙鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢細鈶犻叝绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憽涔欓叞涔欓吀涔欓叝銆佷笝浜岄吀浜屼箼閰強椤炰技鐗╃殑伪 -姘弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍦ㄥ悎
鎴愪腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
13. 鏈夋(j墨)鍚爱鍖栧悎鐗�
纭濆熀鍖栧悎鐗╋細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涒憽纭濆熀灏�(du矛)鑻挵(hu谩n)涓婂叾瀹冨彇浠ｅ熀鐨勫奖闊�銆�
鑳猴細绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽懡鍚�?锛涚槣W(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛氣憼闇嶅か鏇兼秷闄�锛涒憽閰板熀鍖栵紱鈶㈣垏浜炵閰稿弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懀鑸囬啗閰弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涒懁鑺宠兒
鐨勭壒娈婂弽鎳�(y墨ng)(鑸囦簽纭濋吀浣滅敤銆佹哀鍖栥€佽姵鐠�(hu谩n)涓婄殑鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))銆�
閲嶆爱鍜屽伓姘寲鍚堢墿锛氶噸姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘菇鐨勫埗鍌欏強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚伓鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄噸姘敳鐑�銆�
鑵堝拰鐣拌厛鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
14. 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
鍒嗛銆佸懡鍚�銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃姵棣欐€�銆備簲鍏冨柈闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗�(鍛嬪杻銆佸櫥鍚�銆佸悺鍜�)銆佸叚鍏冨柈闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋紙鍚″暥銆佸柟
鍟夛級锛氬寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)(瑕浕鍙栦唬)绛夈€�
15. 鏈夋(j墨)鍚堟垚
鐢辨寚瀹氬師鏂欏嚭鐧�(f膩)锛岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚堟垚璺窔銆傜啛鎮夛細鈶犲熀鏈⒊楠ㄦ灦鐨勬(g貌u)鎴�(澧為張鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佹笡閺堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
鎴愮挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng))锛涒憽鍦ㄧ⒊楠ㄦ灦鍚堥仼鐨勪綅缃笂寮曞叆鎵€闇€鐨勫畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)(瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勫紩鍏�銆侀櫎鍘诲強杞�(zhu菐n)鍖�锛岄€嗗悎鎴愬垎鏋�)锛涒憿
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€�銆佷繚璀�(h霉)鍩哄拰灏�(d菐o)鍚戝熀锛涒懀绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)鎺у埗銆�
16. 鏈夋(j墨)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)
鎺屾彙鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹夊叏鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)锛屽父鐢ㄥ(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍎€鍣ㄧ殑浣跨敤鍜屽(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瑁濈疆鐨勬惌寤�锛涙帉鎻＄墿璩�(zh矛)骞茬嚗銆侀噸绲�(ji茅)鏅�銆佽悆
鍙栥€佽捀椁�銆佹煴灞ゆ瀽绛夊垎闆㈡柟娉�锛涚啛鎮夌啍榛�(di菐n)鍜屾哺榛�(di菐n)鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹�锛岀啛鎮夊垎椁�銆佽杽灞よ壊璀�銆佹笡澹撹捀椁俱€佹按钂告苯钂搁ぞ
绛夋搷浣�锛涙帉鎻″父瑕�(ji脿n)鍖栧悎鐗╁埗鍌欑殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊鍜屽(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娉ㄦ剰浜嬮爡(xi脿ng)锛屽苟鑳芥牴鎿�(j霉)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐝�(xi脿n)璞″拰绲�(ji茅)鏋�锛屽垎鏋愬叾鍘熷洜銆�
鍒嗘瀽鍖栧(xu茅)锛堝叾涓(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鑷冲皯鍗� 20%锛�
1锛庡垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)姒傝堪
鐞嗚В瑾ゅ樊銆佽宸殑鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷師鍥犲拰娓涘厤鏂规硶锛涙簴(zh菙n)纰哄害銆佺簿瀵嗗害鍙婂叾鐩镐簰闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛�
鎺屾彙绲曞皪(du矛)瑾ゅ樊銆佺浉灏�(du矛)瑾ゅ樊銆佸亸宸€佸钩鍧囧亸宸�銆佺浉灏�(du矛)骞冲潎鍋忓樊銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍋忓樊銆佺浉灏�(du矛)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鍋忓樊鐨勫熀鏈蹇点€�
琛ㄧず鏂规硶鍙婂叾瑷�(j矛)绠�锛�
鎺屾彙鏈夋晥鏁�(sh霉)瀛椼€佹湁鏁堟暩(sh霉)瀛椾綅淇磩瑕�(gu墨)鍓�銆佹湁鏁堟暩(sh霉)瀛楃殑閬�(y霉n)绠楁硶锛�
鎺屾彙椤憲鎬у樊鐣扮殑鍩烘湰姒傚康鍜岀洰鐨勫強妾㈤(y脿n)鏂规硶銆佸钩鍧囧€肩殑缃俊鍗€(q奴)闁撳惈缇╄垏瑷�(j矛)绠楋紱Q 妾㈤(y脿n)娉曞皪(du矛)鍙枒鍊�
閫�(j矛n)琛屽彇鑸�銆�
2锛庢淮瀹氬垎鏋愭硶
鎺屾彙婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑鍙婂叾琛�(sh霉)瑾�(y菙)锛堟淮瀹�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)瑷�(j矛)閲忛粸(di菐n)銆佹淮瀹氱祩榛�(di菐n)銆佹淮瀹氳宸�銆佹(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫銆佸熀婧�(zh菙n)鐗╄唱(zh矛)銆佹(bi膩o)
瀹�銆佽│鍔戠殑绱斿害鑸囩瓑绱�(j铆)绛夛級锛�
鎺屾彙婊村畾鍒嗘瀽娉曠殑婊村畾鏂瑰紡鍙婂叾灏�(du矛)婊村畾鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勮姹�锛�
鎺屾彙鐩存帴娉曢厤鍒舵(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋嬪強鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勬浠讹紱闁撴帴娉曢厤鍒舵(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勯亷(gu貌)绋嬩互鍙婄敤浜庢(bi膩o)瀹氱殑鍩烘簴(zh菙n)鐗�
鐨勬浠�锛屾帉鎻℃(bi膩o)瀹� HCl 鍜� NaOH 妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)婧舵恫鐨勫父鐢ㄥ熀婧�(zh菙n)鐗�锛�
鎺屾彙鐗╄唱(zh矛)鐨勯噺涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯诲強婵冨害鍜屾淮瀹氬害鐨勮〃绀�銆�
3锛庨吀鍫挎淮瀹氭硶
鎺屾彙閰稿牽璩�(zh矛)瀛愮悊璜栦腑鐨勯吀鍫垮畾缇�銆侀吀鍫垮弽鎳�(y墨ng)瀵�(sh铆)璩�(zh矛)銆侀吀鍫块洟瑙ｅ父鏁�(sh霉)鍙婂挤(qi谩ng)搴︽瘮杓�锛�
鎺屾彙鍏辫粵閰稿牽灏�(du矛) Ka锛堟垨 Kb锛夋眰绠� Kb锛堟垨 Ka锛�锛�
鎺屾彙婧舵恫鐨勬憾娑插钩琛℃績搴�銆佸垎鏋愭績搴︼紙绺芥績搴︼級鐨勬蹇靛強琛ㄧず锛�
鎺屾彙璩�(zh矛)瀛愭浠跺紡銆佽唱(zh矛)閲忓钩琛°€侀浕鑽峰钩琛�銆佸垎甯冪郴鏁�(sh霉)绛夋蹇靛苟瑷�(j矛)绠楀悇绋吀鍫块珨绯� pH 鍊硷紱
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
鎺屾彙涓€鍏冨急閰革紙鍫匡級銆佸鍏冨急閰革紙鍫匡級銆佸叐鎬х墿璩�(zh矛)銆佺珐娌栨憾娑� pH 鍊肩殑鏈€绨�(ji菐n)寮忓強瑷�(j矛)绠�锛�
鎺屾彙甯哥敤鐨勭珐娌栨憾娑插強閰嶅埗鏂规硶銆佺珐娌栬寖鍦�锛�
浜嗚В閰稿牽婊村畾鏇茬窔鐨勭躬鍒堕亷(gu貌)绋嬶紱鐞嗚В婊村畾绐佽簫鍙婂奖闊挎淮瀹氱獊韬嶅ぇ灏忕殑鍥犵礌鍙婁竴鍏冨急閰革紙鍫匡級鐨勬簴(zh菙n)纰�
婊村畾姊濅欢銆佸鍏冮吀锛堝牽锛夋簴(zh菙n)纰烘淮瀹氭浠躲€佹贩鍚堥吀锛堝牽锛夋簴(zh菙n)纰烘淮瀹氭浠�锛�
鎸囩ず鍔戠殑璁婅壊鍘熺悊銆佺悊璜栬畩鑹茶寖鍦�銆佺悊璜栬畩鑹查粸(di菐n)鍜岄厷閰�銆佺敳鍩烘鐨勫(sh铆)闅涜畩鑹茶寖鍦嶅拰椤忚壊璁婂寲鎯呮硜锛�
鎸囩ず鍔戠殑閬告搰鍘熷墖锛�
鎺屾彙閰稿牽婊村畾鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷�(j矛)绠楋紝浜嗚В绛夐噺榛�(di菐n)鑸囨淮瀹氱祩榛�(di菐n) pH 鍊艰▓(j矛)绠楀強瑾ゅ樊瑷�(j矛)绠�锛�
浜嗚В闈炴按閰稿牽婊村畾娉曞熀鏈師鐞嗗強甯哥敤鐨勬淮瀹氬姂銆佹寚绀哄姂銆�
浜嗚В閰稿牽婊村畾娉曞湪钘ュ(xu茅)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
4锛庣怠(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氭硶
鐞嗚В绲�(lu貌)鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺怠(lu貌)鍚堝姂銆佺怠(lu貌)鍚堢墿銆佷腑蹇冮洟瀛愩€侀厤浣嶉珨銆侀厤浣嶆暩(sh霉)绛夊熀鏈蹇碉紱
鐞嗚В绲�(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氭硶灏�(du矛)绲�(lu貌)鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮姹�锛�
鎺屾彙 EDTA 绲�(lu貌)鍚堝姂绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婅垏閲戝爆闆㈠瓙鐨勭怠(lu貌)鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐗归粸(di菐n)銆佺┅(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)銆侀吀鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绯绘暩(sh霉)鍜屽壇鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绯绘暩(sh霉)銆佹浠剁┅(w臎n)
瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫惈缇╄垏瑷�(j矛)绠�锛�
鎺屾彙绲�(lu貌)鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)婧�(zh菙n)纰烘淮瀹氭浠讹紱閲戝爆鎸囩ず鍔戠殑浣滅敤鍘熺悊銆侀噾灞寚绀哄姂鐨勫兊鍖�銆佸皝闁夎垏娑堥櫎銆佸父鐢ㄩ噾灞�
鎸囩ず鍔戯紙浜岀敳閰氭銆侀壔榛� T锛�锛涙贩鍚堥洟瀛愮殑鍒嗗垾婊村畾锛�
浜嗚В绲�(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氭洸绶氱殑绻埗閬�(gu貌)绋嬪強褰遍熆婊村畾绐佽簫鐨勫洜绱�銆�
鎺屾彙绲�(lu貌)鍚堟淮瀹氱殑鏂瑰紡鍙婅▓(j矛)绠椼€�
5锛庢哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭硶
鎺屾彙闆绘サ闆讳綅銆佹浠堕浕妤甸浕浣�銆佸钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)銆佹浠跺钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�锛�
鎺屾彙闆绘サ闆讳綅鑸囧钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯诲紡銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫�(j矛n)琛岀▼搴︾殑瑷�(j矛)绠�銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熷害鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱�锛�
鎺屾彙甯哥敤鐨勬哀鍖栭倓鍘熸淮瀹氭硶锛堥噸閴婚吀閴€娉�銆侀珮閷抽吀閴€娉�銆佺閲忔硶銆佹捍閲忔硶锛夊師鐞�銆佸父鐢ㄦ寚绀哄姂绋
鍙婂叾閬告搰鍘熷墖銆佺祼(ji茅)鏋滆▓(j矛)绠�锛�
6锛庢矇娣€婊村畾娉曞拰閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽娉�
鐞嗚В姊濅欢婧跺害绌嶅父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇┿€佷簡瑙ｆ矇娣€鐨勫舰鎴愰亷(gu貌)绋嬩互鍙婃矇娣€?xi脿ng)l浠跺皪(du矛)鑸囨矇娣€椤炲瀷锛堟櫠褰㈡矇娣€銆佺劇(w煤)瀹氬舰
娌夋穩锛夌殑褰遍熆锛�
鎺屾彙褰遍熆娌夋穩婧惰В搴�銆佹矇娣€绱斿害鐨勫悇绋洜绱犲拰鎻愰珮娌夋穩绱斿害鐨勬帾鏂�锛涗簡瑙ｆ矇娣€娲楁粚銆佺儤骞插拰鐏肩噿婧�
搴︾殑閬告搰鍘熷墖锛�
鎺屾彙閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽灏�(du矛)娌夋穩褰㈠紡鍜岀ū閲忓舰寮忕殑瑕佹眰锛�
鎺屾彙閲嶉噺鍒嗘瀽绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑瑷�(j矛)绠楋紙鍖呮嫭鍖栧(xu茅)鎻涚畻鍥犳暩(sh霉)鐨勬蹇靛拰瑷�(j矛)绠楋級銆�
7锛庨浕浣嶅垎鏋愭硶
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
鎺屾彙闆讳綅鍒嗘瀽娉曞熀鏈師鐞嗐€佹寚绀洪浕妤�銆佸弮姣旈浕妤电瓑鍩烘湰姒傚康銆佸剙鍣ㄨ缃�銆佺祩榛�(di菐n)纰哄畾鏂规硶銆佹脯(c猫)瀹氱祼(ji茅)鏋�
鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛�
鎺屾彙鐜荤拑闆绘サ鐨勬(g貌u)閫犲拰鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛�
浜嗚В闆讳綅娉曞拰姘稿仠婊村畾娉曞湪钘ュ(xu茅)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
8锛庣传澶�-鍙(ji脿n)鍏夊垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶
鎺屾彙绱鑸囧彲瑕�(ji脿n)鍏夎瓬鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍘熷洜銆侀浕瀛愯簫閬风殑椤炲瀷銆佸惛鏀跺付鐨勯鍨嬭垏鐗归粸(di菐n)锛涗簡瑙ｅ厜璀滆垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨�
闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛�
鎺屾彙绱-鍙(ji脿n)鍏夊害娉曠殑鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛涙帉鎻� Lambert-beer 瀹氬緥鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇�锛屼簡瑙ｅ亸闆㈣┎瀹氬緥鐨勫師鍥�锛�
鎺屾彙娓�(c猫)瀹氭柟娉曠殑寤虹珛锛堟尝闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勯伕鎿�銆佸弮姣旀憾娑茬殑閬告搰銆佹渶灏忔脯(c猫)閲忚宸垏鍚稿厜搴︽脯(c猫)閲忚寖鍦嶇殑閬告搰锛夊強
娓�(c猫)瀹氱祼(ji茅)鏋滆▓(j矛)绠楃瓑锛�
鐔熸倝绱-鍙(ji脿n)鍏夊害鍎€鍣ㄧ殑鍩烘湰閮ㄤ欢銆佸伐浣滃師鐞嗚垏鍏夎矾鍜屾瘮鑹茬毧椤炲瀷銆�
9锛庣磪澶栧垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶
鎺屾彙绱呭鍚告敹鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢熷師鐞嗗拰姊濅欢锛岀磪澶栧惛鏀跺嘲鏁�(sh霉)鑸囨尟鍕�(d貌ng)搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�锛屼緷鎿�(j霉)绱呭鍏夎瓬鍒ゆ柗涓昏闆嗗湗(tu谩n)瀛樺湪
鑸囧惁锛屾帹鏂风啊(ji菐n)鍠垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
鐔熸倝绱呭鍏夎瓬鍎€鍣ㄧ殑鍩烘湰閮ㄤ欢銆佸伐浣滃師鐞嗚垏鍏夎矾鍜屾瘮鑹茬毧椤炲瀷銆�
10.鑹茶瓬锛堟埃鐩歌壊璀溿€佹恫鐩歌壊璀滐級
浜嗚В鑹茶瓬鍒嗘瀽鐨勮捣婧愬拰鐧�(f膩)灞曟娉�锛屾帉鎻¤壊璀滃垎闆㈠師鐞嗗拰甯哥敤琛�(sh霉)瑾�(y菙)锛�
鎺屾彙鑹茶瓬娉曞熀鏈悊璜�銆佽壊璀滄煴鎬ц兘瑭�(p铆ng)鍍�(ji脿)銆佸垎閰嶇郴鏁�(sh霉)鑸囦繚鐣欒鐐虹殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆佽壊璀滃畾鎬у畾閲忓弮鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇┿€�
瑷�(j矛)绠楁柟娉曞強鍏跺奖闊垮洜绱�锛�
鎺屾彙濉旀澘鐞嗚珫鍜岄€熺巼鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈師鐞嗗拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ柟娉�锛屾帉鎻� Van Deemter 鏂圭▼锛屽苟閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄨ┎鏂圭▼瑙ｉ噵濉旀澘
楂樺害-娴侀€熸洸绶�锛岃В閲嬪奖闊垮垎闆㈡晥鑳界殑涓昏鍥犵礌锛�
鎺屾彙鑹茶瓬瀹氭€�銆佸畾閲忚▓(j矛)绠楁柟娉曞強鍏堕伕鎿囷紱
鎺屾彙姘ｇ浉鑹茶瓬娉曠殑鍒嗛銆佸剙鍣ㄩ儴浠�銆佸父鐢ㄦ埃鐩歌壊璀滃浐瀹氱浉銆� 銆佹娓�(c猫)鍣�銆佹埃鐩歌壊璀滄搷浣滄浠跺強鍏堕伕鎿囷紱
鎺屾彙楂樻晥娑茬浉鑹茶瓬娉曞父鐢ㄧ殑鑹茶瓬鏌�銆佹祦鍕�(d貌ng)鐩�銆佹娓�(c猫)鍣ㄥ強閬告搰鍘熷墖锛�
浜嗚В鑹茶瓬娉曞湪钘ュ(xu茅)涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
11.璩�(zh矛)璀滄硶
鎺屾彙璩�(zh矛)璀滃剙绲勬垚鍜屽伐浣滃師鐞�锛岃唱(zh矛)璀滅殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶锛屼富瑕侀洟瀛愶紙鍒嗗瓙闆㈠瓙銆佺鐗囬洟瀛愩€侀噸鎺掗洟瀛�銆佸悓浣�
绱犻洟瀛愩€佷簽绌�(w臎n)闆㈠瓙鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍜岀敤閫旓級锛岃瓨(sh铆)鍒ュ垎瀛愰洟瀛愬嘲鐨勬柟娉曪紝鍏稿瀷鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑璩�(zh矛)璀滅壒寰�銆�
12.鏍哥鍏辨尟娉㈡櫘娉�
鎺屾彙鏍哥鍏辨尟鍩烘湰鍘熺悊锛屽寲瀛�(xu茅)浣嶇Щ锛岃嚜鏃嬪伓鍚堟牳锛岃嚜鏃嬬郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屽寲瀛�(xu茅)绛夊児(ji脿)鍜岀绛夊児(ji脿)銆�
娴欐睙宸ユキ(y猫)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│鑷懡椤岀鐩€冭│澶х侗
鎺屾彙鍖栧(xu茅)浣嶇Щ鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸(j墨)鍒躲€佽〃绀烘柟娉曞強褰遍熆鍥犵礌銆�
鎺屾彙绨�(ji菐n)鍠€﹀悎鍙婅嚜鏃嬭(gu墨)寰�銆�
鎺屾彙绨�(ji菐n)鍠湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╂牳纾佸叡鎸瓬鍦栬В鏋愩€�
浜屻€佽€冭│瑕佹眰锛堝寘鎷€冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁�銆佺附鍒嗐€佽€冭│鏂瑰紡銆侀鍨嬨€佸垎?j菒n)?sh霉)姣斾緥绛夛級
鑰冭│鏅�(sh铆)闁擄細3 灏忔檪(sh铆)
鑰冭│绺藉垎锛�300 鍒�
鑰冭│鏂瑰紡锛氶枆鍗风瓎瑭�
椤屽瀷鑸囧垎?j菒n)?sh霉)姣斾緥锛氬～绌洪锛�36 鍒嗭級銆侀伕鎿囬锛�80 鍒嗭級銆佺啊(ji菐n)绛旈锛堝叡 90 鍒嗭級銆佹槸闈為锛�40 鍒嗭級銆佹帹
娓�(c猫)鍖栧悎鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛�14 鍒嗭級銆佽▓(j矛)绠楅锛�40 鍒嗭級銆�
涓�銆佷富瑕佸弮鑰冩浉鐩�
1.銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬶紙绗洓鐗堬級锛岄珮榇昏硴 涓荤法锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ 2005锛�
2.銆婂熀绀�(ch菙)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆嬶紙绗笁鐗堬級锛岄偄鍏舵瘏绛変富绶紝楂樼瓑鏁欒偛鍑虹増绀� 2005锛�
3锛庛€婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)銆�(绗簩鐗�)锛屽姣撴叾 鑳¤偛绛�,绉戝(xu茅)鍑虹増绀� 2006銆�
4.銆婃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)銆嬶紙绗簩鐗堬級锛屽柈灏�锛屽挤(qi谩ng)鏍规Ξ锛岄噾绱呰(w猫i)锛屽寲瀛�(xu茅)宸ユキ(y猫)鍑虹増绀� 2014銆�
5銆併€婂垎鏋愬寲瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)椤岄泦銆嬶紙绗簩鐗堬級锛屽姣撴叾涓荤法,绉戝(xu茅)鍑虹増绀� 2009銆�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
|
鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
