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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
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绉戠洰鍚嶇ū锛氭湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)
浠� 纰硷細820
涓€銆佽€冭│鎬ц唱(zh矛)
鏈杸瑾茬▼鑰冭│鐨勪富瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹规槸鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈悊璜�銆佸熀鏈蹇靛拰
鍩烘湰鏂规硶锛屼互鍙婂熀绀�(ch菙)鐞嗚珫鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傛敞閲嶈€冨療鑰冪敓灏�(du矛)鍩虹(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鐨勬帉
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浜�銆佽€冭│褰㈠紡鑸囪│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
1.绛斿嵎鏂瑰紡锛氶枆鍗�銆佺瓎瑭�
2.绛斿嵎鏅�(sh铆)闁擄細180 鍒嗛悩
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18%锛屽畬鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑸囧悎鎴�
鍗犵附鍒� 20锝�30%锛屽悕瑭炶В閲嬪拰閬告搰椤岀磩鍗犵附鍒� 13锝�16%锛岄憭鍒�
鍒嗛洟鑸囩祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鎺ㄥ皫(d菐o)鍗犵附
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涓�銆佽€冩煡瑕侀粸(di菐n)
1.鍛藉悕鑸囧绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮�
锛�1锛夊懡鍚�
鍖呮嫭锛氳剛鑲兇銆佽姵棣欑兇銆佺兇鐨勮鐢熺墿銆侀洔鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍛�
鍚�锛屼互鍙� Z锛孍 鍜� R锛孲
鍚嶇殑鍛藉悕銆�
锛�2锛夌祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鑳藉鏍规摎(j霉)绲﹀嚭鏈夋(j墨)鐗╃殑鍚嶇ū瀵嚭绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮�(鍖呮嫭绔嬮珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u))銆�
锛�3锛夌啛鎮夊父瑕嬪熀鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧悕绋�銆�
2. 鍩烘湰姒傚康
锛�1锛夐洔鍖栬粚閬擄細sp3銆乻p2銆乻p 闆滃寲杌岄亾鐗瑰緛銆�
锛�2锛夊叡鍍�(ji脿)閸碉細蟽 閸�銆佅€ 閸碉紝閸电殑妤垫€�锛屾サ鍖栧害銆�
锛�3锛夎唱(zh矛)瀛愰吀鍫�銆丩ewis 閰稿牽銆佸叡杌涢吀鍫垮皪(du矛)銆�
锛�4锛夎獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佸叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺┖闁撴晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸叡杌涢珨绯伙紙蟺 -蟺 鍏辫粵銆�
p-蟺 鍏辫粵銆佅� -蟺 瓒�
鍏辫粵锛�銆佽姵棣欓珨绯昏垏鑺抽鎬�銆�
锛�5锛夋墜鎬с€佹墜鎬у垎瀛�銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犻珨銆佸娑堟棆楂�銆佸収(n猫i)娑堟棆楂斻€佸娑�
鏃嬪寲銆佹(g貌u)鍨嬭綁(zhu菐n)鍖�銆�
锛�6锛夋(g貌u)閫犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆佹(g貌u)鍨嬬暟妲�(g貌u)銆佷簰璁婄暟妲�(g貌u)銆佹(g貌u)璞＄暟妲�(g貌u)銆佸皪(du矛)鏄犵暟妲�(g貌u)銆�
锛�7锛夎Κ闆昏│鍔�銆佽Κ鏍歌│鍔�銆佽Κ闆绘€�銆佽Κ鏍告€�銆�
锛�8锛夋椿鎬т腑闁撻珨锛氳嚜鐢卞熀銆佺⒊姝ｉ洟瀛�銆佺⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙銆佽嫰鐐�銆�
锛�9锛夊畾鍩熻粚閬撱€侀洟鍩熻粚閬�銆佹垚閸佃粚閬撱€佸弽閸佃粚閬�銆�
锛�10锛夋棆鍏夊害銆佹瘮鏃嬪厜搴︺€佸皪(du矛)绋遍潰銆佸皪(du矛)绋变腑蹇�銆�
3.鍩烘湰瑕�(gu墨)寰�
锛�1锛夌祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囩墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙細娌搁粸(di菐n)銆佺啍榛�(di菐n)銆佹憾瑙ｅ害鐨勮畩鍖栬(gu墨)
寰�锛屾矮閸佃垏鍒嗗瓙闁撲綔鐢ㄥ姏銆�
锛�2锛夋搴忚(gu墨)鍓�锛岃姵鐑磋Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ畾浣嶈(gu墨)寰�锛岄Μ姘忚(gu墨)鍓�锛岄亷姘у寲
鐗╂晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屾煡琛ｉ噰澶(gu墨)鍓�锛�
闇嶅か鏇艰(gu墨)鍓囷紝浼戝厠鐖捐(gu墨)鍓�銆�
4.鍩烘湰鐞嗚珫
锛�1锛夐吀鍫跨悊璜�锛屽寲鍚堢墿閰稿牽鎬ф瘮杓冦€�
锛�2锛夐浕瀛愮悊璜�锛屽埄鐢ㄩ浕瀛愭晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝叡杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佽秴鍏�
杌涙晥鎳�(y墨ng)绛夛級鍜岀┖闁撴晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍒�
鏋愬拰姣旇純鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)娲绘€э紙瑕浕鍔犳垚銆佽Κ闆诲彇浠ｃ€佽Κ鏍稿姞鎴�銆�
瑕牳鍙栦唬銆佹秷闄わ級銆佹椿鎬�
涓枔楂旂殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€э紙鑷敱鍩�銆佺⒊姝ｉ洟瀛�銆佺⒊璨�(f霉)闆㈠瓙锛�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)
姗�(j墨)鐞嗐€佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍙栧悜銆佸彇浠�
鑻殑瀹氫綅瑕�(gu墨)寰�銆佄� -H 鐨勬椿鎬с€侀吀鍫挎€х瓑锛涚悊瑙ｇ┖闁撴晥鎳�(y墨ng)
灏�(du矛)鍖栧悎鐗╂€ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊�锛�
濡傞爢鍙嶇暟妲�(g貌u)鍙� a銆乪 閸电暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鐩稿皪(du矛)绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€�锛屽皪(du矛)瑕牳鍙栦唬
鐨勫奖闊�锛屽皪(du矛)閱涢叜鐨勮Κ鏍�
鍔犳垚鐨勫奖闊跨瓑銆�
锛�3锛夊弽鎳�(y墨ng)椤炲瀷鑸囧弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�
鍖呮嫭锛氳嚜鐢卞熀鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涜Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆侀啗閰殑瑕牳鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸垎瀛愰噸鎺掑弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀叝
鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屾按瑙ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞�銆�
瑕�(gu墨)寰�銆佸奖闊垮洜绱犲拰鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�銆�
5.鍩烘湰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝寲瀛�(xu茅)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鍙婂埗鍌欐柟娉曪級
锛�1锛夌兎鐑达細楣典唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀兎鐑寸殑鍒舵硶銆�
锛�2锛夌儻鐑达細鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝姞 H2锛屽姞 X2銆丠X銆丠2SO4銆丠2O銆丠OX锛�锛�
纭兼矮鍖�-姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岃嚟
姘у寲-閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛孠MnO4 姘у寲锛岀挵(hu谩n)姘у寲锛屛� -H 楣典唬銆侀亷姘�
鍖栫墿鏁堟噳(y墨ng))锛�
鐑兇鍒舵硶锛氱倲鐑撮伕鎿囨€у姞姘�锛孯X銆丷OH 鐨勬秷闄�锛學ittig
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
锛�3锛夌倲鐑达細鍔犳垚鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝姞 H2锛屽姞 X2銆丠X銆丷OH銆丠CN銆丆H3COOH锛夛紝
姘у寲锛岄噾灞倲鍖栫墿
鐨勭敓鎴愬強鐑村熀鍖�銆�
锛� 4 锛� 鍏� 杌� 浜� 鐑� 鐑� 锛� 1,2- 鍔� 鎴� 鍜� 1,4- 鍔� 鎴� 锛� 闆� 鐑� 鍚� 鎴�
锛圖iels-Alder 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�銆�
锛�5锛夎剛鐠�(hu谩n)鐑达細楣典唬锛岀挵(hu谩n)涓欑兎琛嶇敓鐗╃殑闁嬬挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚锛堝鍔� HX锛夛紱
鍒舵硶锛氶洐鐑悎鎴�锛浳� -浜�
缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
锛�6锛夎姵鐑达細鐠�(hu谩n)涓婅Κ闆诲彇浠ｏ紙楣典唬銆佺鍖�銆佺：鍖�銆佸倕-鍏嬬兎鍩哄寲
鍜屽倕-鍏嬮叞鍩哄寲銆佹隘鐢插熀
鍖栵級锛屾哀鍖栵紙鍋�(c猫)閺堟哀鍖栵紝鐠�(hu谩n)鐨勭牬瑁傦級锛涚兎鍩鸿嫰伪 -H 鐨勯沟浠�锛�
鐑峰熀鑻埗娉�銆�
锛�7锛夐沟浠ｇ兇锛氳Κ鏍稿彇浠ｏ紙姘磋В銆侀唶瑙�銆佹皑瑙ｃ€佽垏 NaCN 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
鑸� AgNO3 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀沟
绱犵疆鎻涳級锛孲N1銆丼N2锛涙秷闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛圗1銆丒2锛�锛涜垏閲戝爆鐨勫弽
鎳�(y墨ng)锛堟牸姘忚│鍔戝強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
姝︽厛鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佽垏閶扮殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛�锛涢沟浠ｇ兇鍒舵硶锛氱敱鐑兇鍒跺倷锛岀敱
閱囧埗鍌�銆�
锛�8锛夐唶锛氳垏娲绘綉閲戝爆鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛岃垏 HX銆丳X3銆丳Cl5銆丼OCl2 鐨勫弽
鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽垎瀛愬収(n猫i)鑴按锛屽垎瀛愰枔
鑴按锛岄叝鐨勭敓鎴�锛屾哀鍖栧拰鑴矮锛屛� -浜屽厓閱囩殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛圚IO4
姘у寲銆丳inacol 閲嶆帓锛�锛�
閱囩殑鍒舵硶锛氱儻鐑存按鍚堬紝纭兼矮鍖�-姘у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄沟浠ｇ兇姘磋В銆佹牸姘�
鍚堟垚锛岄啗閰�銆佺晶閰�銆�
閰殑閭勫師銆�
锛�9锛夐厷锛氶吀鎬�锛屾哀鍖�锛岄厷閱�銆侀厷閰殑鐢熸垚锛岀挵(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｏ紝鑸�
涓夋隘鍖栭惖鐨勯’鑹插弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
閰氱殑鍒舵硶锛氱暟涓欒嫰姘у寲娉曪紝纾哄寲鍫跨啍娉�锛岄噸姘菇姘磋В銆�
锛�10锛夐啔锛氶拝缇婇菇鐨勭敓鎴�锛岄啔閸电殑鏂疯锛涚挵(hu谩n)姘т箼鐑峰埗娉曞強鎬�
璩�(zh矛)锛涢啔鐨勫埗娉曪細閱囧垎瀛愰枔鑴�
姘�锛學iliammson 鍚堟垚娉曘€�
锛�11锛夐啗銆侀叜锛氳Κ鏍稿姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堝姞 HCN銆丯aHSO3銆丷OH銆丷MgX銆�
姘ㄥ強鍏惰鐢熺墿锛�锛學ittig
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屛� -H 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛堥沟浠�銆侀沟浠垮弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺茎閱涚府鍚堬級锛�
姘у寲锛圞2Cr2O7 鎴� KMnO4 姘�
鍖栥€侀妧閺″弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀妳閺″弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛夛紝閭勫師锛堥噾灞矮鍖栫墿閭勫師銆�
Clemmensen 閭勫師銆�
Wolf-Kishner-榛冮炒榫嶅弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�锛孋annizzaro 姝у寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
锛堝寘鎷氦鍙夋鍖栧強鍒嗗瓙鍏�(n猫i)
姝у寲锛夛紱閱�銆侀叜鍒舵硶锛氱倲鐑存按鍚�锛岄唶姘у寲锛屽倕-鍏嬮叞
鍩哄寲锛孯osenmund 閭勫師锛屼箼
閰颁箼閰镐箼閰強涓欎簩閰搁叝鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ瓑銆�
锛�12锛夌晶閰革細閰告€�锛岃鐢熺墿鐨勭敓鎴�锛岃劔缇у弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屛� -H 鐨勯沟浠ｏ紝
浜屽厓閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涢沟浠ｉ吀
鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涚茎鍩洪吀鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
缇ч吀鐨勫埗娉曪細涓嶉＝鍜岀兇銆侀唶銆侀啗鐨勬哀鍖栵紝鑵堢殑姘磋В锛�
鏍兼皬瑭﹀姂鑸� CO2 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍜屼箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰硶锛涚茎鍩洪吀鐨勫埗娉�銆�
锛�13锛夌晶閰歌鐢熺墿锛氶叞楣�銆侀吀閰�銆侀叝銆侀叞鑳虹殑姘磋В銆侀唶瑙ｃ€�
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
