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1锛庣悊瑙ｇ啽鍔涘(xu茅)鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈蹇碉紝鏈�(hu矛)鐢ㄥ熀鏈蹇佃В姹轰竴浜涘晱(w猫n)椤�銆�
2锛庣啛鐭ュ姛鍜岀啽姝ｈ矤(f霉)铏�(h脿o)鐨勫彇铏�(h脿o)鎱ｄ緥鍙婂悇绋亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑鍔熻垏鐔辩殑瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
3锛庣啛绶村湴鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥瑷�(j矛)绠楃悊鎯虫埃楂斿湪绛夋韩銆佺瓑澹�銆佺禃鐔辩瓑閬�(gu貌)绋嬩腑鐨�?U锛�?H锛孮
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5锛庢渻(hu矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢� Hess 瀹氬緥鍜� Kirchhoff 瀹氬緥銆�
6锛庢帉鎻＄噧鐕掔創鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹氭妧琛�(sh霉)鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
2銆佺啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鑸囧寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬柟鍚戝拰闄愬害
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Clausius 涓嶇瓑寮忊€旂啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鐨勬暩(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮�锛岀喌澧炲姞鍘熺悊锛岀啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂圭▼鈥旂啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹�
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2锛庣啛瑷樼啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉) S 鐨勫惈鎰忓強 A锛孏 鐨勫畾缇�锛屼簡瑙ｅ叾鐗╃悊鎰忕京銆�
3锛庤兘鐔熺反鍦拌▓(j矛)绠椾竴浜涢亷(gu貌)绋嬩腑鐨�?S锛�?H锛�?A 鍜�?G锛屾渻(hu矛)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍙€嗛亷(gu貌)绋嬨€傛渻(hu矛)閬�(y霉n)鐢ㄧ啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍩烘湰鏂�
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4锛庣悊瑙ｇ喌鐨勭当(t菕ng)瑷�(j矛)鎰忕京銆�
5锛庝簡瑙ｇ啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗笁瀹氬緥鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�锛岀煡閬撹(gu墨)瀹氱喌鍊肩殑鎰忕京銆佽▓(j矛)绠楀強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
6锛庢帉鎻″亸鎽╃埦閲忓拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勫畾缇�锛屼簡瑙ｄ粬鍊戜箣闁撶殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆�
7锛庢帉鎻＄悊鎯虫埃楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勮〃绀哄紡鍙婂叾妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎱�(t脿i)鐨勫惈缇╋紝浜嗚В閫稿害鐨勬蹇�銆�
8锛庢帉鎻� Raoult 瀹氬緥鍜� Henry 瀹氬緥銆備簡瑙ｇ悊鎯虫恫鎱�(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗╃殑閫氭€у強鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勮〃绀烘柟娉�銆�
9锛庝簡瑙ｇ悊鎯崇█婧舵恫涓悇绲勫垎鍖栧(xu茅)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勮〃绀烘硶銆�
10锛庣啛鎮夌█婧舵恫鐨勪緷鏁�(sh霉)鎬�锛屾渻(hu矛)鍒╃敤渚濇暩(sh霉)鎬ц▓(j矛)绠楁湭鐭ョ墿鐨勬懇鐖捐唱(zh矛)閲�銆�
11锛庢帉鎻℃按鐨勯＝鍜岃捀姘ｅ鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹氭妧琛�(sh霉)鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
3銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠
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鎯崇殑浜岀祫鍒嗘恫鎱�(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗�锛岄儴鍒嗕簰婧剁殑闆欐恫绯伙紝涓嶄簰婧剁殑闆欐恫绯烩€旇捀姘ｈ捀椁�锛岀啊(ji菐n)鍠殑浣庡叡鐔斾簩鍏冪浉
鍦�锛屽舰鎴愬寲鍚堢墿鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屾恫銆佸浐鐩搁兘瀹屽叏浜掓憾鐨勭浉鍦�锛屽崁(q奴)鍩熺啍鐓�锛屽浐鐩搁儴鍒嗕簰婧剁殑浜岀祫鍒嗙浉鍦�銆�
鐠�(hu谩n)宸辩兎-涔欓唶闆欐恫绯荤浉鍦栫殑绻埗鍜� Sn-Bi 浜岀祫鍒嗛噾灞浉鍦栫躬鍒剁殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶銆佹妧琛�(sh霉)鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庣悊瑙ｈВ鐩搞€佺浉鍒�?j菒n)?sh霉)鍜岃嚜鐢卞害绛夌浉骞宠 涓殑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛屽苟鑳介亱(y霉n)鐢ㄥ叾瑙ｆ焙鍟�(w猫n)椤�銆�
2锛庣啛绶存帉鎻＄浉寰嬪湪鐩稿湒涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
3
3锛庤兘鐪嬫噦鍚勭ó椤炲瀷鐨勭浉鍦�锛屽苟閫�(j矛n)琛岀啊(ji菐n)鍠垎鏋�锛岀悊瑙ｇ浉鍦栦腑鍚勭浉鍗€(q奴)銆佺窔鍜岀壒娈婇粸(di菐n)鎵€甯朵唬琛ㄧ殑
鎰忕京锛屼簡瑙ｅ叾鑷敱搴︾殑璁婂寲鎯呮硜銆�
4锛庡湪闆欐恫绯荤浉鍦栦腑锛屼簡瑙ｅ畬鍏ㄤ簰婧躲€侀儴鍒嗕簰婧跺拰瀹屽叏涓嶄簰婧剁浉鍦栫殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屾帉鎻″浣曞埄鐢ㄧ浉
鍦栭€�(j矛n)琛屾湁姗�(j墨)鐗╃殑鍒嗛洟鎻愮磾銆�
5锛庢渻(hu矛)鐢ㄦ鍐锋洸绶氱躬鍒朵簩绲勫垎鍥烘恫鐩稿湒锛屾渻(hu矛)灏�(du矛)鐩稿湒閫�(j矛n)琛屽垎鏋愶紝骞朵簡瑙ｄ簩绲勫垎鍥烘恫鐩稿湒鍜屾按楣�
鐩稿湒鍦ㄥ喍閲�銆佸垎闆�銆佹彁绱旂瓑鏂归潰鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
6锛庢帉鎻＄挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎-涔欓唶闆欐恫绯荤浉鍦栫殑绻埗鍜� Sn-Bi 浜岀祫鍒嗛噾灞浉鍦栫躬鍒剁殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶銆佹妧琛�(sh霉)鍙婄浉
闂�(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
5銆佹按婧舵恫涓殑闆㈠瓙骞宠
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
閰稿牽鐞嗚珫锛涙憾娑茬殑閰稿牽鎬�锛涢浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)鐨勮В闆㈠钩琛�锛涘悓闆㈠瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)锛涚珐娌栨憾娑诧紱楣介姘磋В锛涙憾瑙ｆ矇
娣€骞宠 銆傜ū閲忕反缈�(x铆)銆侀吀鍫挎淮瀹�銆侀唻閰哥殑瑙ｉ洟搴﹀拰瑙ｉ洟甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娓�(c猫)瀹氭柟娉曞強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻￠吀鍫胯唱(zh矛)瀛愮悊璜�锛�
2. 鎺屾彙婧舵恫閰稿害鐨勬蹇靛拰 pH 鍊肩殑鎰忕京銆佺啛鎮� pH 鑸囨矮闆㈠瓙婵冨害鐨勭浉浜掓彌绠�锛�
3. 鑳芥噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鍘熺悊鍒嗘瀽姘淬€佸急閰�銆佸急鍫跨殑瑙ｉ洟骞宠 锛涙帉鎻″悓闆㈠瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆侀菇鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绛夊奖闊�
瑙ｉ洟骞宠 绉诲嫊(d貌ng)鐨勫洜绱狅紱
4. 鐔熺反鎺屾彙鏈夐棞(gu膩n)闆㈠瓙婵冨害鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�锛�
5. 鍒濇浜嗚В寮�(qi谩ng)闆昏В璩�(zh矛)婧舵恫鐞嗚珫锛屼簡瑙ｉ洟瀛愭皼銆佹椿搴︺€侀洟瀛愬挤(qi谩ng)搴︾瓑姒傚康锛�
6. 浜嗚В绶╂矕婧舵恫鐨勭祫鎴�銆佺珐娌栦綔鐢ㄥ師鐞嗐€佺珐娌栦綔鐢ㄦ€ц唱(zh矛)锛涙帉鎻＄珐娌栨憾娑� pH 鍊肩殑瑷�(j矛)绠�锛�
7. 鎺屾彙鍚勭ó楣介姘磋В骞宠 鐨勬儏娉佸拰楣芥憾娑� pH 鍊肩殑瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
8. 鎺屾彙婧跺害绌嶅父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╁強婧跺害绌嶈(gu墨)鍓�锛涙帉鎻℃矇娣€鐢熸垚銆佹憾瑙ｆ垨杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涚殑姊濅欢锛涚啛鎮夋湁闂�(gu膩n)婧�
搴︾⿳甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠�銆�
9. 鎺屾彙绋遍噺绶寸繏(x铆)銆侀吀鍫挎淮瀹�銆侀唻閰哥殑瑙ｉ洟搴﹀拰瑙ｉ洟甯告暩(sh霉)鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娓�(c猫)瀹氭柟娉曞強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
6銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑸囬浕鍖栧(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
姘у寲閭勫師鐨勫熀鏈蹇�锛涙哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)閰嶅钩鐨勬柟娉曪紱姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜岄浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)锛涘彲閫嗛浕姹犻浕鍕�(d貌ng)
鍕�(sh矛)鑸囧悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳借畩鍖栫殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆佸彲閫嗛浕姹犻浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛) E 鑸囧弮鍔犲弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍚勭祫鍒嗘椿搴︾殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�?rSm 鍜�?rHm
鑸囬浕鍕�(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涙(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)锛涙(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)琛ㄥ強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢� 姣旇純姘у寲鍔戣│閭勫師鍔戠殑鐩稿皪(du矛)寮�(qi谩ng)寮�銆�
鍒ゆ柗妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)涓嬪弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑷櫦(f膩)閫�(j矛n)琛岀殑鏂瑰悜锛屽埄鐢ㄦ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)姹傚钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)锛涘奖闊挎(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鐨勫洜绱�锛�
鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬪拰鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楀強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涢浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆傚厓绱犵殑妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍦栧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€佹按鐨勯浕鍕�(sh矛)
鈥攑H 鍦�锛涢浕鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鍘熺悊锛涢惖绀︾煶涓惖鍚噺鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娓�(c猫)瀹氭柟娉曞強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庣墷鍥烘帉鎻℃哀鍖栭倓鍘熺殑鍩烘湰姒傚康锛涚啛绶存帉鎻℃哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)閰嶅钩鐨勬柟娉曘€�
2锛庣悊瑙ｆ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鐨勬剰缇�锛岃兘鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鍒ゆ柗姘у寲鍔戝拰閭勫師鍔戠殑寮�(qi谩ng)寮�銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘�
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬柟鍚戝拰瑷�(j矛)绠楀钩琛″父鏁�(sh霉)锛�
3锛庢帉鎻＄啽鍔涘(xu茅)鑸囬浕鍖栧(xu茅)涔嬮枔鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯�锛屾渻(hu矛)鍒╃敤闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)娓�(c猫)瀹氱殑鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瑷�(j矛)绠楃啽鍔涘(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮畩鍖栧€�銆�
4锛庢帉鎻＄敤鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬪紡瑷庤珫闆㈠瓙婵冨害璁婂寲鏅�(sh铆)闆绘サ闆诲嫝(sh矛)鐨勬敼璁婂拰灏�(du矛)姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊�銆�
5锛庣啛绶村湴鐢� Nernst 鏂圭▼瑷�(j矛)绠楅浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)鍜岄浕姹犵殑闆诲嫊(d貌ng)鍕�(sh矛)銆�
6锛庢帉鎻￠浕妤甸浕鍕�(sh矛)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
7锛庨浕鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鍘熺悊锛涢惖绀︾煶涓惖鍚噺鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娓�(c猫)瀹氭柟娉曞強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
7銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫畾缇╁強鍏惰〃绀烘柟娉�銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)娓�(c猫)瀹�锛涘弽鎳�(y墨ng)姝风▼鍜屽熀鍏冨弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佺啊(ji菐n)鍠弽鎳�(y墨ng)
4
鑸囧京(f霉)鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�?鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍒嗗瓙鏁�(sh霉)锛涜唱(zh矛)閲忎綔鐢ㄥ畾寰嬪拰鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)銆佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)锛涢€熺巼鏂圭▼鐨勫井绌嶅垎褰㈠紡
鍙婂叾鐗瑰緛锛岀啊(ji菐n)鍠礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勯€熺巼鏂圭▼銆�?绨�(ji菐n)鍠礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鏂圭▼鐨勭⒑瀹氾紱灏�(du矛)宄欏弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽钩琛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛�
閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涙韩搴﹁垏鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼涔嬮枔鐨勭稉(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)闂�(gu膩n)绯诲紡銆�?娲诲寲鑳界殑鐗╃悊鎰忕京銆佹椿鍖栬兘灏�(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊�锛�
绨�(ji菐n)鍠鎾炵悊璜�銆侀亷(gu貌)娓＄媭鎱�(t脿i)鐞嗚珫锛涘偓鍖栧姂鍜屽偓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆佸偓鍖栧姂鐨勭壒鎬�锛涜敆绯栫殑姘磋В瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶鍙婂師鐞�銆�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻″畯瑙€鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)涓殑涓€浜涘熀鏈蹇�锛�
2锛庢帉鎻″叿鏈夌啊(ji菐n)鍠礆(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛堝涓€绱�(j铆)銆佷簩绱�(j铆)鍜岄浂绱�(j铆)锛夌殑鐗归粸(di菐n)锛屾渻(hu矛)寰炶│椹�(y脿n)鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍒╃敤鍚勭ó鏂规硶鍒�
鏂峰弽鎳�(y墨ng)绱�(j铆)鏁�(sh霉)锛岄倓瑕佽兘鐔熺反鍦板埄鐢ㄩ€熺巼鏂圭▼瑷�(j矛)绠楅€熺巼甯告暩(sh霉)銆佸崐琛版湡绛�銆�
3锛庢帉鎻′笁绋吀鍨嬬殑寰�(f霉)闆滃弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛屾渻(hu矛)浣跨敤鍚堢悊鐨勮繎浼兼柟娉�锛屼綔涓€浜涚啊(ji菐n)鍠殑瑷�(j矛)绠椼€�
4锛庢帉鎻℃韩搴﹀皪(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)灏遍€熺巼鐨勫奖闊�锛屾帉鎻� Arrhenius 缍�(j墨ng)椹�(y脿n)寮忕殑鍚勭ó琛ㄧず褰㈠紡锛岀煡閬撴椿鍖栬兘鐨勫惈
缇�锛屽畠灏�(du矛)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閫熺巼鐨勫奖闊垮拰鎺屾彙娲诲寲鑳界殑姹傜畻鏂规硶銆�
5锛庝簡瑙ｇ鎾炵悊璜栧拰閬�(gu貌)娓＄媭鎱�(t脿i)鐞嗚珫銆�
6锛庤敆绯栨按瑙ｇ殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶鍙婂師鐞�銆�
8銆佸師瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽厓绱犲懆鏈熷緥
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
鐜荤埦鐞嗚珫锛屾牳澶栭浕瀛愰亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛岄噺瀛愬寲锛屾弿杩版牳澶栭浕瀛愰亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鐨勬柟娉曪紝鍘熷瓙杌岄亾锛岄浕瀛�
浜戠殑娑电京鍙婂洓鍊�(g猫)閲忓瓙鏁�(sh霉)鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇�锛屽師瀛愭牳澶栭浕瀛愭帓甯冨拰鍏冪礌鍛ㄦ湡琛�锛屽師瀛愬崐寰戯紝鍏冪礌闆婚洟鍕�(sh矛),
闆昏矤(f霉)鎬у拰鍘熷瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庝簡瑙ｆ弿杩版牳澶栭浕瀛愰亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鐙€鎱�(t脿i)鐨勬柟娉�锛屾槑纰哄師瀛愯粚閬撹垏闆诲瓙浜戠殑娑电京锛屽垵姝ヤ簡瑙ｅ緫鍚戝垎甯�
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2锛庢帉鎻″洓鍊�(g猫)閲忓瓙鏁�(sh霉)鐨勭墿鐞嗘剰缇╁強鍏剁浉浜掕伅(li谩n)绯�.
3锛庣悊瑙ｅ睆钄芥晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岄墕绌挎晥鎳�(y墨ng)浠ュ強灏�(du矛)鍘熷瓙杌岄亾鑳介噺鐨勫奖闊�锛屾帉鎻″闆诲瓙鍘熷瓙鐨勮兘绱�(j铆)楂樹綆闋嗗簭
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4锛庣啛绶存帉鎻″師瀛愰浕瀛愬堡绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑸囧厓绱犲懆鏈熻〃闁撶殑鍏�(n猫i)鍦ㄨ伅(li谩n)绯诲強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
5锛庣啛绶存帉鎻″師瀛愬崐寰戯紝闆婚洟鍕�(sh矛)锛岄浕瀛愯Κ鍜屽嫝(sh矛)锛岄浕璨�(f霉)鎬х殑娑电京鍙婂叾鍛ㄦ湡鎬ц畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬨€�
9銆佸垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽垎瀛愰枔鍔�
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鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庢帉鎻″叡鍍�(ji脿)閸电殑褰㈡垚姊濅欢銆侀亷(gu貌)绋嬭垏鐗规€�锛屾槑纰� 蟽 閸佃垏 蟺 閸电殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�锛涗簡瑙ｉ嵉鐨勯洟瑙ｈ兘锛岄嵉闀�(zh菐ng)锛�
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2锛庣悊瑙ｅ師瀛愯粚閬撻洔鍖栫殑娑电京,鎺屾彙闆滃寲杌岄亾鐨勫咕绋富瑕侀鍨嬪強鍏跺皪(du矛)鍒嗗瓙骞句綍妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬殑褰遍熆銆�
3锛庢帉鎻″児(ji脿)灞ら浕瀛愬皪(du矛)浜掓枼鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈収(n猫i)瀹瑰強鍏剁敤銆�
4锛庝簡瑙ｅ垎瀛愯粚閬撶悊璜栫殑鍩烘湰瑕侀粸(di菐n)锛屾帉鎻″垎瀛愯粚閬撶殑椤炲瀷锛屽悓鏍搁洐鍘熷瓙鍒嗗瓙鐨勫垎瀛愯粚閬撹兘绱�(j铆)
鍜岄嵉绱�(j铆)鐨勬蹇�锛岀啛绶村鍑哄悓鏍搁洐鍘熷瓙鍒嗗瓙鐨勯浕瀛愬垎甯冨紡锛屾槑纰哄垎瀛愮殑纾佹€у強妤垫€ц垏鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)
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5锛庢帉鎻″垎瀛愰枔浣滅敤鍔涘舰鎴愬強鍒嗗瓙闁撳姏灏�(du矛)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊�銆�
6锛庢帉鎻″舰鎴愭矮閸电殑姊濅欢鍙婃矮閸靛皪(du矛)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊�銆�
10銆佸浐楂旂祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽浐楂旀€ц唱(zh矛)
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
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5
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鑰冭│瑕佹眰
1锛庡垵姝ュ缓绔嬫櫠鑳�銆佹櫠鑳炲弮鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬蹇�锛岃兘澶犲崁(q奴)鍒嗕竷绋竷鎷夌董鏅惰優浠ュ強楂斿績銆侀潰蹇�銆佸簳蹇冩櫠鑳�銆�
2锛庢槑纰哄悇绋鍨嬫櫠楂旇唱(zh矛)榛�(di菐n)闁撲綔鐢ㄥ姏鐨勫崁(q奴)鍒ュ強鍏跺皪(du矛)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勫奖闊裤€�
3锛庣悊瑙ｉ洟瀛愰嵉鐨勫熀鏈惈缇╋紙姒傚康锛岄洟瀛愮殑闆昏嵎銆佹(g貌u)鍨嬨€侀洟瀛愬崐寰戯級锛岀悊瑙ｆ櫠鏍艰兘鐨勫惈缇�锛�
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4锛庢帉鎻￠棞(gu膩n)浜庨噾灞嵉鐨勯浕瀛愭埃鐞嗚珫鍜岃兘甯剁悊璜栵紝鎺屾彙閲戝爆鏅堕珨鐨勫爢绌嶆柟寮�銆�
5锛庢帉鎻￠洟瀛愭サ鍖�锛屾サ鍖栧姏鑸囪畩褰㈡€х殑姒傚康,浜嗚В鍏跺奖闊垮洜绱犺垏鍒濇鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
11銆侀厤浣嶅寲鍚堢墿
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鑰冭│瑕佹眰
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2锛庣悊瑙ｉ厤鍚堢墿鐨勫児(ji脿)閸电悊璜�锛屾帉鎻″叓闈㈤珨銆佸钩琛屽洓閭婂舰銆佸洓闈㈤珨涓夌ó绔嬮珨绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪腑蹇�
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3锛庢帉鎻＄┅(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╁強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)瑷�(j矛)绠�銆�
4锛庢帉鎻℃櫠楂斿牬(ch菐ng)鐞嗚珫鐨勫熀鏈榛�(di菐n)鍜屾噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
5锛庡垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶娓�(c猫)瀹氶厤闆㈠瓙鐨勭祫鎴愯垏绌�(w臎n)瀹氬父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍙婂師鐞嗐€�
12銆佸柈璩�(zh矛)鍙婄劇(w煤)姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╂璜�
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4锛庢帉鎻￠沟鍖栫墿鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)鍜岃畩鍖栬(gu墨)寰嬨€�
5锛庢帉鎻＄～鍖栨矮鍜屾矮纭吀銆佺～鍖栫墿鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
6锛庢帉鎻″惈姘ч吀鍙婂叾楣界殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)銆�
7锛庢帉鎻″父瑕嬮櫧(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙鐨勫垎闆㈣垏妾㈠嚭鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶銆�
8锛庝簡瑙ｉ懎绯诲厓绱犺垏閷掔郴鍏冪礌鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
