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3锛庣啛绶村湴鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗竴瀹氬緥瑷堢畻鐞嗘兂姘ｉ珨鍦ㄧ瓑婧�銆佺瓑澹�銆佺禃鐔辩瓑閬庣▼涓殑?U锛�?H锛孮
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6锛庢帉鎻＄噧鐕掔創鐨勬脯瀹氭妧琛�(sh霉)鍙婄浉闂�(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
2銆佺啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗簩瀹氬緥鑸囧寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬柟鍚戝拰闄愬害
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2
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4锛庣悊瑙ｇ喌鐨勭当(t菕ng)瑷堟剰缇�銆�
5锛庝簡瑙ｇ啽鍔涘(xu茅)绗笁瀹氬緥鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹�锛岀煡閬撹(gu墨)瀹氱喌鍊肩殑鎰忕京銆佽▓绠楀強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
6锛庢帉鎻″亸鎽╃埦閲忓拰鍖栧(xu茅)鍕㈢殑瀹氱京锛屼簡瑙ｄ粬鍊戜箣闁撶殑鍗€(q奴)鍒�銆�
7锛庢帉鎻＄悊鎯虫埃楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕㈢殑琛ㄧず寮忓強鍏舵(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎱�(t脿i)鐨勫惈缇�锛屼簡瑙ｉ€稿害鐨勬蹇�銆�
8锛庢帉鎻� Raoult 瀹氬緥鍜� Henry 瀹氬緥銆備簡瑙ｇ悊鎯虫恫鎱�(t脿i)娣峰悎鐗╃殑閫氭€у強鍖栧(xu茅)鍕㈢殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶銆�
9锛庝簡瑙ｇ悊鎯崇█婧舵恫涓悇绲勫垎鍖栧(xu茅)鍕㈢殑琛ㄧず娉�銆�
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3锛庤兘鐪嬫噦鍚勭ó椤炲瀷鐨勭浉鍦�锛屽苟閫茶绨″柈鍒嗘瀽锛岀悊瑙ｇ浉鍦栦腑鍚勭浉鍗€(q奴)銆佺窔鍜岀壒娈婇粸鎵€甯朵唬琛ㄧ殑
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5锛庢渻鐢ㄦ鍐锋洸绶氱躬鍒朵簩绲勫垎鍥烘恫鐩稿湒锛屾渻灏嶇浉鍦栭€茶鍒嗘瀽锛屽苟浜嗚В浜岀祫鍒嗗浐娑茬浉鍦栧拰姘撮菇
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5銆佹按婧舵恫涓殑闆㈠瓙骞宠
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2. 鎺屾彙婧舵恫閰稿害鐨勬蹇靛拰 pH 鍊肩殑鎰忕京銆佺啛鎮� pH 鑸囨矮闆㈠瓙婵冨害鐨勭浉浜掓彌绠�锛�
3. 鑳芥噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ寲瀛�(xu茅)骞宠 鍘熺悊鍒嗘瀽姘�銆佸急閰搞€佸急鍫跨殑瑙ｉ洟骞宠 锛涙帉鎻″悓闆㈠瓙鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆侀菇鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绛夊奖闊�
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4. 鐔熺反鎺屾彙鏈夐棞(gu膩n)闆㈠瓙婵冨害鐨勮▓绠�锛�
5. 鍒濇浜嗚В寮烽浕瑙ｈ唱(zh矛)婧舵恫鐞嗚珫锛屼簡瑙ｉ洟瀛愭皼銆佹椿搴︺€侀洟瀛愬挤搴︾瓑姒傚康锛�
6. 浜嗚В绶╂矕婧舵恫鐨勭祫鎴�銆佺珐娌栦綔鐢ㄥ師鐞�銆佺珐娌栦綔鐢ㄦ€ц唱(zh矛)锛涙帉鎻＄珐娌栨憾娑� pH 鍊肩殑瑷堢畻锛�
7. 鎺屾彙鍚勭ó楣介姘磋В骞宠 鐨勬儏娉佸拰楣芥憾娑� pH 鍊肩殑瑷堢畻銆�
8. 鎺屾彙婧跺害绌嶅父鏁�(sh霉)鐨勬剰缇╁強婧跺害绌嶈(gu墨)鍓�锛涙帉鎻℃矇娣€鐢熸垚銆佹憾瑙ｆ垨杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涚殑姊濅欢锛涚啛鎮夋湁闂�(gu膩n)婧�
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6銆佹哀鍖栭倓鍘熷弽鎳�(y墨ng)鑸囬浕鍖栧(xu茅)鍩虹(ch菙)
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3锛庢帉鎻＄啽鍔涘(xu茅)鑸囬浕鍖栧(xu茅)涔嬮枔鐨勮伅(li谩n)绯�锛屾渻鍒╃敤闆诲寲瀛�(xu茅)娓畾鐨勬暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)瑷堢畻鐔卞姏瀛�(xu茅)鍑芥暩(sh霉)鐨勮畩鍖栧€�銆�
4锛庢帉鎻＄敤鑳芥柉鐗规柟绋嬪紡瑷庤珫闆㈠瓙婵冨害璁婂寲鏅傞浕妤甸浕鍕㈢殑鏀硅畩鍜屽皪姘у寲閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫奖闊�銆�
5锛庣啛绶村湴鐢� Nernst 鏂圭▼瑷堢畻闆绘サ闆诲嫝鍜岄浕姹犵殑闆诲嫊鍕�銆�
6锛庢帉鎻￠浕妤甸浕鍕㈢殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄣ€�
7锛庨浕鍖栧(xu茅)鐨勫椹楁柟娉曞強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍘熺悊锛涢惖绀︾煶涓惖鍚噺鐨勫椹楁脯瀹氭柟娉曞強鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍘熺悊銆�
7銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍕曞姏瀛�(xu茅)
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4
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3锛庢帉鎻′笁绋吀鍨嬬殑寰�(f霉)闆滃弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭壒榛�锛屾渻浣跨敤鍚堢悊鐨勮繎浼兼柟娉�锛屼綔涓€浜涚啊鍠殑瑷堢畻銆�
4锛庢帉鎻℃韩搴﹀皪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)灏遍€熺巼鐨勫奖闊匡紝鎺屾彙 Arrhenius 缍�(j墨ng)椹楀紡鐨勫悇绋〃绀哄舰寮�锛岀煡閬撴椿鍖栬兘鐨勫惈
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鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
