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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�(gu贸)400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗�锛岄儴鍒嗗(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不(f猫i)涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛�(di菐n)鎿娾€�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�(k霉)鈥� 涓嬭級
涓湅(gu贸)鍦拌唱(zh矛)澶у(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐢熼櫌
纰╁＋鐮旂┒鐢熷叆瀛�(xu茅)鑰冭│銆婂井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)銆嬭€冭│澶х侗
涓€銆佽│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
濉┖椤� 30 鍒�
鍚嶈瑙ｉ噵 40 鍒�
鍟�(w猫n)绛旈锛堝惈绨�(ji菐n)绛旇垏璜栬堪锛� 80 鍒�
浜�銆佸弮鑰冩浉(sh奴)鐩�
寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)锛屾矆钀�锛岄櫝鍚戞澅锛岄珮绛夋暀鑲插嚭鐗堢ぞ锛�2006锛岀浜岀増
寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)
绗� 1 绔狅細绶掕珫
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В寰敓鐗╂槸浠€涔堬紵鍋氫粈涔堬紵浠ュ強瀹冨€戣垏浜洪(l猫i)鐨勭壒娈婇棞(gu膩n)绯�锛涙槑纰哄井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)浣滅偤涓€闁€(m茅n)鐛�(d煤)绔嬪(xu茅)绉�
鍦ㄧ敓鍛界瀛�(xu茅)鐧�(f膩)灞曚腑鐨勯噸瑕佷綔鐢ㄥ拰鍦颁綅銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佸井鐢熺墿鑸囦汉椤�(l猫i)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�
2銆佸井鐢熺墿鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍜屽井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫缓绔嬭垏鐧�(f膩)灞�
3銆佸井鐢熺墿鐨勯(l猫i)缇ゅ強鐗归粸(di菐n)
绗� 2 绔狅細绱斿煿椁�(y菐ng)鍜岄’寰妧琛�(sh霉)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
鎺屾彙閫�(j矛n)琛屽井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒鐨勫熀鏈妧琛�(sh霉)锛屽嵆鐒�(w煤)鑿屾妧琛�(sh霉)銆佺磾绋垎闆㈡妧琛�(sh霉)銆佸煿椁�(y菐ng)鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍜岄’寰妧琛�(sh霉)锛屼簡
瑙ｅ井鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈爺绌舵柟娉曞拰鐮旂┒鎵嬫锛岀偤鍚庨潰浠嬬垂鍏朵粬寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐭ヨ瓨(sh铆)鎵撲笅鍩虹(ch菙)銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佸井鐢熺墿鐨勫垎闆㈠拰绱斿煿椁�(y菐ng)
1
1.1 鐒�(w煤)鑿屾妧琛�(sh霉)
1.2 鐢ㄥ浐楂斿煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩哄垎闆㈢磾鍩归(y菐ng)
1.3 鐢ㄦ恫楂斿煿椁�(y菐ng)鍩哄垎闆㈢磾鍩归(y菐ng)
1.4 鍠窗(x矛)鑳烇紙瀛㈠瓙锛夊垎闆�
1.5 閬告搰鍩归(y菐ng)鍒嗛洟
1.6 浜屽厓鍩归(y菐ng)鐗�
2銆� 椤井閺″拰椤井鎶€琛�(sh霉)
2.1 椤井閺＄殑绋(l猫i)鍙婂師鐞�
2.2 椤井瑙€瀵熸ǎ鍝佺殑鍒跺倷
绗� 3 绔狅細寰敓鐗╅(l猫i)缇よ垏褰㈡厠(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
瀛�(xu茅)缈�(x铆)鍚勭ó寰敓鐗�锛屽寘鎷窗(x矛)鑿屻€佸彜鐢熻弻鍜岀湡鏍稿井鐢熺墿鐨勫熀鏈祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸(di菐n)鍜岀敓娲荤壒鎬�锛屼簡瑙ｅ井鐢熺墿
鐨勫妯ｆ€с€�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佺湡绱�(x矛)鑿�
1.1 涓€鑸舰鎱�(t脿i)鍙婄窗(x矛)鑳炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
1.2 鏀剧窔(xi脿n)鑿�
1.3 鏀師楂�銆佺珛鍏嬫姘忛珨鍜岃。鍘熼珨
1.4 绮樼窗(x矛)鑿�
1.5 铔姬鑿�
1.6 钘�(l谩n)绱�(x矛)鑿�
2銆佸彜鑿�
2.1 姒傚康鐨勬彁鍑�
2.2 绱�(x矛)鑳炲舰鎱�(t脿i)
2.3 绱�(x矛)鑳炵祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
3銆佺湡鏍稿井鐢熺墿
3.1 闇夎弻
3.2 閰垫瘝鑿�
绗� 4 绔狅細寰敓鐗╃殑鐕�(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В寰敓鐗╃嚐(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)椤�(l猫i)鍨嬬殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婂妯ｆ€�锛屼互鍙婃牴鎿�(j霉)涓嶅悓寰敓鐗╁悇鑷殑鐕�(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)瑕佹眰锛岄厤鍒剁浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫煿
椁�(y菐ng)鍩哄皪(du矛)寰敓鐗╁煿椁�(y菐ng)鐨勭悊璜栫煡璀�(sh铆)銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆� 寰敓鐗╃殑鐕�(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)瑕佹眰
1.1 寰敓鐗╃窗(x矛)鑳炵殑鍖栧(xu茅)绲勬垚
1.2 鐕�(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍙婂叾鐢熺悊鍔熻兘
1.3 寰敓鐗╃殑鐕�(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)椤�(l猫i)鍨�(
2銆� 鍩归(y菐ng)鍩�
2.1 閬哥敤鍜岃ō(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)鍩归(y菐ng)鍩虹殑鍘熷墖鍜屾柟娉�
2.2 鍩归(y菐ng)鍩虹殑椤�(l猫i)鍨嬪強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
3銆佺嚐(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)閫�(j矛n)鍏ョ窗(x矛)鑳�
3.1 鎿�(ku貌)鏁�
3.2 淇冮€�(j矛n)鎿�(ku貌)鏁�
2
3.3 涓诲嫊(d貌ng)閬�(y霉n)杓�
3.4 鑶滄场閬�(y霉n)杓�
绗� 5 绔狅細寰敓鐗╃殑浠ｈ瑵
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В寰敓鐗╀唬璎濋(l猫i)鍨嬬殑鐗归粸(di菐n)鍙婂妯ｆ€�銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆� 浠ｈ瑵姒傝珫
2銆� 鐢熺墿鐢�(ch菐n)鑳戒唬璎�
2.1 鐢熺墿姘у寲
2.2 鐣伴(y菐ng)寰敓鐗╃殑鐢熺墿姘у寲
2.3 鑷(y菐ng)寰敓鐗╃殑鐢熺墿姘у寲
2.4 鑳介噺杞�(zhu菐n)鎻�
3銆� 寰敓鐗╂绱�(j铆)浠ｈ瑵鑸囨绱�(j铆)浠ｈ瑵鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�
3.1 娆＄礆(j铆)浠ｈ瑵鑸囨绱�(j铆)浠ｈ瑵鐢�(ch菐n)鐗�
3.2 娆＄礆(j铆)浠ｈ瑵鐨勮(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)
绗� 6 绔狅細寰敓鐗╃殑鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)绻佹畺鍙婂叾鎺у埗
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В寰敓鐗╃敓闀�(zh菐ng)绻佹畺鐨勮(gu墨)寰�锛屾帉鎻″井鐢熺墿鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹氭柟娉曪紝鍙婂悇绋墿鐞�銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍥犵礌灏�(du矛)寰敓鐗�
鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鐨勫奖闊�銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆� 寰敓鐗╃敓闀�(zh菐ng)鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹�
1.1 浠ユ暩(sh霉)閲忚畩鍖栧皪(du矛)寰敓鐗╃敓闀�(zh菐ng)鎯呮硜閫�(j矛n)琛屾脯(c猫)瀹�
1.2 浠ョ敓鐗╅噺鐐烘寚妯�(bi膩o)娓�(c猫)瀹氬井鐢熺墿鐨勭敓闀�(zh菐ng)
2銆� 绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑缇ら珨鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)绻佹畺顎�
2.1 鐢熼暦(zh菐ng)鏇茬窔(xi脿n)
2.2 鍚屾鍩归(y菐ng)
2.3 閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍩归(y菐ng)
3銆� 寰敓鐗╃敓闀�(zh菐ng)绻佹畺鐨勬帶鍒额€�
3.1 鎺у埗寰敓鐗╃敓闀�(zh菐ng)绻佹畺鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)鐗╄唱(zh矛)顎�
3.2 鎺у埗寰敓鐗╃敓闀�(zh菐ng)绻佹畺鐨勭墿鐞嗗洜绱狀€�
绗竷绔狅細鐥呮瘨
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В鐥呮瘨锛屽寘鎷櫖鑿岄珨銆佸嫊(d貌ng)妞嶇墿鐥呮瘨绛夌殑鐢熸椿鍛ㄦ湡锛屾帉鎻″弽鏄犵梾姣掔敓闀�(zh菐ng)绻佹畺瑕�(gu墨)寰嬬殑涓€姝ョ敓闀�(zh菐ng)
鏇茬窔(xi脿n)鐨勫師鐞嗗拰瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶锛屽強鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐥呮瘨闈炲娈栨€ф劅鏌撶壒鍒ユ槸鍣弻楂旀憾鍘熸€у弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫熀鏈蹇�銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佹杩邦€�
1.1 鐥呮瘨鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍜岀爺绌舵鍙�
1.2 鐥呮瘨鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍜屽畾缇╊€�
1.3 鐥呮瘨鐨勫涓昏寖鍦嶎€�
1.4 鐥呮瘨鐨勫煿椁�(y菐ng)鍜岀磾鍖�
2銆� 姣掔矑鐨勬€ц唱(zh矛)顎�
2.1 姣掔矑鐨勫舰鎱�(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)顎�
3
2.2 姣掔矑鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)绲勬垚顎�
3銆� 鐥呮瘨鐨勫京(f霉)鍒额€�
3.1 鐥呮瘨鐨勫京(f霉)鍒跺懆鏈燁€�
3.2 鐥呮瘨鎰熸煋鐨勮捣濮嬵€�
3.3 鐥呮瘨澶у垎瀛愮殑鍚堟垚顎�
3.4 鐥呮瘨鐨勮閰嶈垏閲嬫斁顎�
4銆� 鐥呮瘨鐨勯潪澧炴畺鎬ф劅鏌擃€�
4.1 姒傚康
4.2 婧拰鍣弻楂旂殑婧舵簮鎬у弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
绗� 8 绔狅細寰敓鐗╅伜鍌�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑鏌撹壊楂斿熀鍥犵祫鍙婃煋鑹查珨澶栫殑閬哄偝鍥犲瓙锛堣唱(zh矛)绮掑拰杞�(zhu菐n)搴у瓙锛夌殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜屽熀鏈壒榛�(di菐n)锛屾帉鎻�
寰敓鐗╁熀鍥犵獊璁�銆侀伜鍌崇殑鍩烘湰瑕�(gu墨)寰嬶紝骞跺湪姝ゅ熀绀�(ch菙)涓婁簡瑙ｅ井鐢熺墿鑿岀ó淇濊棌鐨勫熀鏈悊璜栧拰瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鏂规硶銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆� 閬哄偝鐨勭墿璩�(zh矛)鍩虹(ch菙)
1.1 DNA 浣滅偤閬哄偝鐗╄唱(zh矛)
1.2 RNA 浣滅偤閬哄偝鐗╄唱(zh矛)
1.3 鏈婄梾姣掔殑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鑸囨€濊€�
2銆� 寰敓鐗╃殑鍩哄洜绲勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
2.1 姒傚康锛�
2.2 寰敓鐗╄垏浜洪(l猫i)鍩哄洜绲勮▓(j矛)鍔冿細
2.3 寰敓鐗╁熀鍥犵祫绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)锛�
3銆� 璩�(zh矛)绮掑拰杞�(zhu菐n)搴у洜瀛�
3.1 璩�(zh矛)绮掔殑鍒嗗瓙绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)顎�
3.2 璩�(zh矛)绮掔殑涓昏椤�(l猫i)鍨嬵€�
4銆� 鍩哄洜绐佽畩鍙婁慨寰�(f霉)顎�
4.1 鍩哄洜绐佽畩鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)顎�
4.2 骞剧ó甯歌(ji脿n)鐨勫井鐢熺墿绐佽畩椤�(l猫i)鍨�
4.3 瑾樿畩鍔戣垏鑷寸檶鐗╄唱(zh矛)鈥斺€擜mes 瑭﹂(y脿n)
5銆� 绱�(x矛)鑿屽熀鍥犺綁(zhu菐n)绉诲拰閲嶇祫顎�
5.1 绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑鎺ュ悎
5.2 绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑杞�(zhu菐n)灏�(d菐o)
5.3 绱�(x矛)鑿岀殑杞�(zhu菐n)鍖�
5.4 鍩哄洜瀹氫綅鍜屽熀鍥犵祫娓�(c猫)搴忣€�
6銆� 鑿岀ó淇濊棌
6.1 鑿岀ó鐨勮“閫€鑸囧京(f霉)澹�
6.2 闃叉琛伴€€鐨勬帾鏂�
6.3 鑿岀ó淇濊棌
绗� 9 绔狅細寰敓鐗╄垏鍩哄洜宸ョ▼
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)鍦ㄥ熀鍥犲伐绋嬫妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勫缓绔嬭垏鐧�(f膩)灞曚腑鐨勯噸瑕佹剰缇�锛屼簡瑙ｅ苟鎺屾彙鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鐨勫熀鏈亷(gu貌)绋嬪拰鍩�
鏈妧琛�(sh霉)銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆佸熀鍥犲伐绋嬫杩�
4
1.1 鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鐨勫熀鏈亷(gu貌)绋�
1.2 鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟鍙�
1.3 寰敓鐗╁(xu茅)鑸囧熀鍥犲伐绋嬬殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�
2銆� 寰敓鐗╄垏鍩哄洜宸ョ▼宸ュ叿閰�
2.1 闄愬埗鎬ф牳閰稿収(n猫i)鍒囬叾
2.2 DNA 閫ｆ帴閰�
2.3 鍏跺畠宸ュ叿閰�
3銆� 寰敓鐗╄垏鍏嬮殕杓夐珨
3.1 璩�(zh矛)?锛熷鈮楂�
3.2 位 鍣弻楂斿厠闅嗚級楂�
3.3 鏌柉璩�(zh矛)绮掕級楂�
3.4 M13 鍣弻楂旇級楂�
3.5 鍣弻绮掕級楂�
3.6 鐪熸牳鐢熺墿鐨勫厠闅嗚級楂�
3.7 浜哄伐鏌撹壊楂�
4銆� 寰敓鐗╀綔鐐哄厠闅嗚級楂旂殑瀹夸富
4.1 瀹夸富鐨勫熀鏈姹傝垏鎬ц唱(zh矛)
4.2 甯哥敤鐨勫熀鍥犲伐绋嬪涓�
5銆� 鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鐨勫父鐢ㄦ妧琛�(sh霉)鍜屾柟娉�
5.1 PCR 鐨勫師鐞嗗拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
5.2 鍩哄洜宸ョ▼鎶€琛�(sh霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ垑渚�
绗� 10 绔狅細寰敓鐗╃殑閫�(j矛n)鍖�銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)鐧�(f膩)鑲插拰鍒嗛(l猫i)閼掑畾
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В鍒╃敤鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｅ垎瀛愮敓鐗╁(xu茅)鎶€琛�(sh霉)寤虹珛鐨勬湁闂�(gu膩n)鐢熺墿閫�(j矛n)鍖栧拰绯荤当(t菕ng)鐧�(f膩)鑲茬殑鐞嗚珫锛屾帉鎻″井鐢熺墿鍒嗛(l猫i)鐨勫熀
鏈師鐞嗗拰鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆� 閫�(j矛n)鍖栫殑娓�(c猫)閲忔寚寰侇€�
1.1 閫�(j矛n)鍖栨寚寰佺殑閬告搰顎�
1.2 RNA 浣滅偤閫�(j矛n)鍖栫殑鎸囧緛顎�
1.3 rRNA 鍜岀郴绲�(t菕ng)鐧�(f膩)鑲叉ü(sh霉)顎�
2銆� 绱�(x矛)鑿屽垎椤�(l猫i)
1.1 鍒嗛(l猫i)鍠厓鍙婂叾绛夌礆(j铆)顎�
1.2 寰敓鐗╃殑鍛藉悕顎�
3銆� 绱�(x矛)鑿屽垎椤�(l猫i)閼掑畾鐨勭壒寰佸拰鎶€琛�(sh霉)
3.1 褰㈡厠(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)鐗瑰緛顎�
3.2 鐢熺悊鐢熷寲鐗瑰緛顎�
3.3 鏍搁吀鐨勫牽鍩虹祫鎴愬拰鍒嗗瓙闆滀氦顎�
3.4 鍏跺畠顎�
4銆� 浼澃姘忔墜鍐�(c猫)
绗� 11 绔狅細寰敓鐗╃殑鐢熸厠(t脿i)
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В寰敓鐗╁湪鑷劧鍒嗗竷鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)鍙婅垏浜洪(l猫i)鐢熸椿鐨勫瘑鍒囬棞(gu膩n)绯伙紝鎺屾彙寰敓鐗╄垏鍏剁敓娲诲湪涓€璧风殑鍏跺畠
鐢熺墿涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屽強寰敓鐗╁湪鑷劧鐣岀墿璩�(zh矛)寰挵(hu谩n)涓殑閲嶈浣滅敤銆�
5
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆� 鑷劧鐣屼腑鐨勫井鐢熺墿
1.1 绌烘埃涓殑寰敓鐗�
1.2 姘撮珨涓殑寰敓鐗�
1.3 鍦熷￥涓殑寰敓鐗�
1.4 宸ヨ静(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佷笂鐨勫井鐢熺墿
1.5 妤电鐠�(hu谩n)澧冧笅鐨勫井鐢熺墿
1.6 涓嶅彲鍩归(y菐ng)鐨勫井鐢熺墿
2銆� 寰敓鐗╄垏鐢熺墿鐠�(hu谩n)澧冮枔鐨勭浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯�
2.1 浜掔敓
2.2 鍏辩敓
2.3 瀵勭敓
2.4 鎷姉
2.5 绔�(j矛ng)鐖�(zh膿ng)
2.6 鎹曢
3銆� 寰敓鐗╁湪鐢熸厠(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)涓殑浣滅敤
绗� 12 绔狅細鎰熸煋鑸囧厤鐤�
鑰冭│瑕佹眰
浜嗚В浜洪珨鐨勫厤鐤郴绲�(t菕ng)鑸囩梾鍘熷井鐢熺墿涔嬮枔鐨勭浉浜掗棞(gu膩n)绯�锛屾帉鎻℃湁闂�(gu膩n)鍏嶇柅瀛�(xu茅)鐨勫熀鏈煡璀�(sh铆)鍜屽熀鏈
蹇�銆�
鑰冭│鍏�(n猫i)瀹�
1銆� 鎰熸煋鐨勪竴鑸蹇殿€�
1.1 鎰熸煋鐨勯€斿緫鑸囨柟寮忣€�
1.2 寰敓鐗╃殑鑷寸梾鎬ь€�
1.3 鍌虫煋鐨勯(l猫i)鍨�
2銆� 瀹夸富鐨勯潪鐗圭暟鍏嶇柅顎�
2.1 鐢熺悊灞忛殰顎�
2.2 绱�(x矛)鑳炲洜绱狀€�
2.3 楂旀恫鍥犵礌顎�
2.4 鐐庣櫏
3銆� 瀹夸富鐨勭壒鐣版€у厤鐤€�
3.1 鐗圭暟鎬у厤鐤殑涓€鑸蹇殿€�
3.2 鎶楀師鍜屾姉楂旑€�
3.3 鍏嶇柅鎳�(y墨ng)绛�
鍏嶈铂(z茅)鑱叉槑锛氭湰鏂囩郴杞�(zhu菐n)杓夎嚜缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)锛屽鏈変镜鐘�锛岃珛(q菒ng)鑱�(li谩n)绯绘垜鍊戠珛鍗冲埅闄�锛屽彟锛氭湰鏂囧儏浠ｈ〃浣滆€呭€�(g猫)浜鸿榛�(di菐n)锛岃垏鏈恫(w菐ng)绔欑劇(w煤)闂�(gu膩n)銆傚叾鍘熷壍(chu脿ng)鎬т互鍙婃枃涓櫝杩版枃瀛楀拰鍏�(n猫i)瀹规湭缍�(j墨ng)鏈珯璀夊(sh铆)锛屽皪(du矛)鏈枃浠ュ強鍏朵腑鍏ㄩ儴鎴栬€呴儴鍒嗗収(n猫i)瀹�銆佹枃瀛楃殑鐪熷(sh铆)鎬�銆佸畬鏁存€�銆佸強鏅�(sh铆)鎬ф湰绔欎笉浣滀换浣曚繚璀夋垨鎵胯锛岃珛(q菒ng)璁€鑰呭儏浣滃弮鑰冿紝骞惰珛(q菒ng)鑷鏍稿(sh铆)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鍏�(n猫i)瀹�銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
